Respiratory rate (RR) monitoring has received widespread attention in medical field. Complex, expensive, and bulky commercial equipment limits the monitoring cost. To take full advantage of lab-on-fiber technologies, we present a novel, compact size lab-on-fiber breathing monitoring sensor based on a tapered no-core fiber (NCF) structure. The sensor is composed of humidity-sensitive polymer materials, single-mode fiber (SMF)–NCF-SMF structure, and monitors human RR by measuring exhaled humidity. The theoretical results prove that the self-imaging phenomenon can be induced by the changing of NCF diameter. The static relative humidity test results show a maximum relative humidity sensitivity of 0.0438 nm/%RH in the range of 35%RH–58%RH. Through the single-wavelength intensity fluctuation experiment, human respiratory information is collected. In the breathing process, a response time of 0.67 s can be achieved. The RR monitoring under different heart rates, breathing patterns, and human postures displays real-time tracking and high repeatability. Moreover, the compact size, low cost, and high sensitivity make our lab-on-fiber sensor more competitive in the field of medical treatment and our daily life.
{"title":"Lab-on-Fiber Humidity Sensor for Real-Time Respiratory Rate Monitoring","authors":"Si Luo;Yunlian Ding;Xiaoshuai Zhu;Yang Li;Qiang Ling;Zhiwei Duan;Yusheng Zhang;Haiyun Chen;Zhangwei Yu;Kaikai Du;Lu Cai;Huigang Wang;Zuguang Guan;Daru Chen","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3400209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3400209","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory rate (RR) monitoring has received widespread attention in medical field. Complex, expensive, and bulky commercial equipment limits the monitoring cost. To take full advantage of lab-on-fiber technologies, we present a novel, compact size lab-on-fiber breathing monitoring sensor based on a tapered no-core fiber (NCF) structure. The sensor is composed of humidity-sensitive polymer materials, single-mode fiber (SMF)–NCF-SMF structure, and monitors human RR by measuring exhaled humidity. The theoretical results prove that the self-imaging phenomenon can be induced by the changing of NCF diameter. The static relative humidity test results show a maximum relative humidity sensitivity of 0.0438 nm/%RH in the range of 35%RH–58%RH. Through the single-wavelength intensity fluctuation experiment, human respiratory information is collected. In the breathing process, a response time of 0.67 s can be achieved. The RR monitoring under different heart rates, breathing patterns, and human postures displays real-time tracking and high repeatability. Moreover, the compact size, low cost, and high sensitivity make our lab-on-fiber sensor more competitive in the field of medical treatment and our daily life.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141495177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intraluminal ultrasonic (ILUS) technology, an advanced interventional imaging technique, employs a miniaturized high-frequency ultrasound transducer mounted at the tip of a thin catheter to visualize anatomical structures within the human body. This allows for the acquisition of high-quality images of lesions in close proximity. However, existing ILUS probes predominantly offer specialized visualization in a single direction of the ultrasound catheter due to space constraints within the catheter, posing challenges to the fabrication process. In this study, an ILUS high-frequency mini-convex array probe was developed which featured 64 array elements arranged in a curvilinear configuration, providing a 90° imaging field of view. The mini-convex array was housed within a stainless-steel tube with an outer diameter of 4 mm, positioned such that its central imaging axis was oriented at a 45° angle relative to the axial direction of the tube. This configuration enabled observation of objects ahead of the catheter, even though not entirely covered, and offered detailed features of the interior configuration on its side. This probe exhibited an average center frequency, −6 dB bandwidth, and sensitivity of approximately 17.85 MHz, 61.95%, and 32.64 mV, respectively. Imaging of a wire phantom yielded axial and lateral resolutions at 5 mm depth of approximately 0.11 and 0.25 mm, respectively. Subsequently, the actual imaging capability was assessed through ex vivo imaging of the artery and esophagus of a swine, demonstrating the suitability of the high-frequency mini-convex array probe for ILUS imaging applications.
{"title":"Development of a High-Frequency Mini-Convex Array Probe for Intraluminal Ultrasonic Imaging Applications","authors":"Weicen Chen;Boquan Wang;Jianzhong Chen;Chenzhi You;Jing Yao;Dawei Wu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3392915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3392915","url":null,"abstract":"Intraluminal ultrasonic (ILUS) technology, an advanced interventional imaging technique, employs a miniaturized high-frequency ultrasound transducer mounted at the tip of a thin catheter to visualize anatomical structures within the human body. This allows for the acquisition of high-quality images of lesions in close proximity. However, existing ILUS probes predominantly offer specialized visualization in a single direction of the ultrasound catheter due to space constraints within the catheter, posing challenges to the fabrication process. In this study, an ILUS high-frequency mini-convex array probe was developed which featured 64 array elements arranged in a curvilinear configuration, providing a 90° imaging field of view. The mini-convex array was housed within a stainless-steel tube with an outer diameter of 4 mm, positioned such that its central imaging axis was oriented at a 45° angle relative to the axial direction of the tube. This configuration enabled observation of objects ahead of the catheter, even though not entirely covered, and offered detailed features of the interior configuration on its side. This probe exhibited an average center frequency, −6 dB bandwidth, and sensitivity of approximately 17.85 MHz, 61.95%, and 32.64 mV, respectively. Imaging of a wire phantom yielded axial and lateral resolutions at 5 mm depth of approximately 0.11 and 0.25 mm, respectively. Subsequently, the actual imaging capability was assessed through ex vivo imaging of the artery and esophagus of a swine, demonstrating the suitability of the high-frequency mini-convex array probe for ILUS imaging applications.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3393234
Amelia M. Santos;Rui A. S. Moreira;Ruy A. P. Altafim;Ruy A. C. Altafim
This integrated study presents a thorough investigation into a novel class of electrets known as thermoformed magnetic-piezoelectrets (TMPs) devices. The research focuses on evaluating capacitance, quality factor, and the impact of magnetic fields on these devices. Fabricated by fusing fluoroethylene propylene (FEP) films and integrating magnetic strips, the TMP devices exhibit both magnetostrictive and piezoelectric effects in response to external magnetic fields. The study encompasses the latest advancements in material synthesis, fabrication techniques, characterization methods, and potential device applications. Measurements conducted under various electric currents and frequencies revealed that higher capacitance values are associated with increased electric charge storage in TMP devices. The devices demonstrated exceptional quality factors, particularly in the MHz range, suggesting their potential as efficient electric charge storage devices. Further investigation focused on the influence of magnetic fields on the magneto-piezoelectric response of TMPs. Thermoformed piezoelectrets, featuring open-tubular channels and an additional magnetic layer, were explored for their potential as sensors for detecting magnetic fields. While the magneto-piezoelectric response exhibited linearity in the presence of magnetic fields, a decrease in charge storage capacity was observed due to mechanical stress on the tubular channels. The TMPs displayed a maximum resistance of approximately 0.75 T against magnetic fields, reaching complete saturation at a magnetic field strength of 0.8 T. Beyond this point, the relationship between variables became nonlinear, resulting in a null magneto-piezoelectric response. This comprehensive study contributes to a deeper understanding of the capacitance, quality factor, and magnetic field influence on magneto-piezoelectret sensors. The insights gained from this research have significant implications for potential applications in advanced technologies that demand high-frequency operation and magnetic field detection.
{"title":"Capacitance, Quality Factor, and Magnetic Field Influence on Thermoformed Magnetic-Piezoelectret","authors":"Amelia M. Santos;Rui A. S. Moreira;Ruy A. P. Altafim;Ruy A. C. Altafim","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3393234","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3393234","url":null,"abstract":"This integrated study presents a thorough investigation into a novel class of electrets known as thermoformed magnetic-piezoelectrets (TMPs) devices. The research focuses on evaluating capacitance, quality factor, and the impact of magnetic fields on these devices. Fabricated by fusing fluoroethylene propylene (FEP) films and integrating magnetic strips, the TMP devices exhibit both magnetostrictive and piezoelectric effects in response to external magnetic fields. The study encompasses the latest advancements in material synthesis, fabrication techniques, characterization methods, and potential device applications. Measurements conducted under various electric currents and frequencies revealed that higher capacitance values are associated with increased electric charge storage in TMP devices. The devices demonstrated exceptional quality factors, particularly in the MHz range, suggesting their potential as efficient electric charge storage devices. Further investigation focused on the influence of magnetic fields on the magneto-piezoelectric response of TMPs. Thermoformed piezoelectrets, featuring open-tubular channels and an additional magnetic layer, were explored for their potential as sensors for detecting magnetic fields. While the magneto-piezoelectric response exhibited linearity in the presence of magnetic fields, a decrease in charge storage capacity was observed due to mechanical stress on the tubular channels. The TMPs displayed a maximum resistance of approximately 0.75 T against magnetic fields, reaching complete saturation at a magnetic field strength of 0.8 T. Beyond this point, the relationship between variables became nonlinear, resulting in a null magneto-piezoelectric response. This comprehensive study contributes to a deeper understanding of the capacitance, quality factor, and magnetic field influence on magneto-piezoelectret sensors. The insights gained from this research have significant implications for potential applications in advanced technologies that demand high-frequency operation and magnetic field detection.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A weak ultraviolet (UV) detection device is proposed in this work that utilizes a combination of the large specific surface area of micro-nano textured black silicon and high negative charge density Al2O3. Black silicon is fabricated by two etching steps that consist of Bosch etching and reactive ion etching. The absorption of black silicon increases up to 99.7%, which is reduced by 0.9% after Al2O3 films are deposited. The 20-nm Al2O3 film is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to ensure its quality and conformality. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the device is obtained to be greater than 80%, with the responsivity being higher than 170% at 200–255 nm. Notably, at 200 nm, the EQE reaches 162%, and the corresponding responsivity is found to be 262 mA/W. The photoelectric properties are characterized under intense and weak UV light, respectively. Also, the device demonstrates the good detection ability and fast response to weak UV light. Under illumination of weak light of different wavelengths at 220, 325, and 405 nm under zero bias, the current of the device increases from 0.15 to $9.4~mu $ A. The rise time ( $tau _{r}$ ) and the decay time ( $tau _{d}$ ) of device under weak UV light illumination (325 nm) at the reverse voltage of 0 V are estimated to be 0.3 and 0.29 s. The power intensity (PI) of 325-nm wavelength is $2.57~mu $ W/cm2. Thus, the proposed detection strategy enables weak UV photodetection in missile warning and environmental monitoring.
{"title":"Deep and Weak Ultraviolet Photodetection on Micro-Nano Textured Black Silicon With Al2O3 Film","authors":"Zhou Zhao;Yonghua Wang;Yijun Zhang;Dan Liu;Zengxing Zhang;Chenyang Xue","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3392616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3392616","url":null,"abstract":"A weak ultraviolet (UV) detection device is proposed in this work that utilizes a combination of the large specific surface area of micro-nano textured black silicon and high negative charge density Al2O3. Black silicon is fabricated by two etching steps that consist of Bosch etching and reactive ion etching. The absorption of black silicon increases up to 99.7%, which is reduced by 0.9% after Al2O3 films are deposited. The 20-nm Al2O3 film is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to ensure its quality and conformality. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the device is obtained to be greater than 80%, with the responsivity being higher than 170% at 200–255 nm. Notably, at 200 nm, the EQE reaches 162%, and the corresponding responsivity is found to be 262 mA/W. The photoelectric properties are characterized under intense and weak UV light, respectively. Also, the device demonstrates the good detection ability and fast response to weak UV light. Under illumination of weak light of different wavelengths at 220, 325, and 405 nm under zero bias, the current of the device increases from 0.15 to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$9.4~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 A. The rise time (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$tau _{r}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) and the decay time (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$tau _{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) of device under weak UV light illumination (325 nm) at the reverse voltage of 0 V are estimated to be 0.3 and 0.29 s. The power intensity (PI) of 325-nm wavelength is \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.57~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 W/cm2. Thus, the proposed detection strategy enables weak UV photodetection in missile warning and environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3392529
Jean Lambert Jiosseu;Ghislain Mengata Mengounou;Emeric Tchamdjio Nkouetcha;Adolphe Moukengue Imano
This article deals with an experimental investigation of the flashover voltage occurring at the end of the propagation of creeping discharges on some solid insulators immersed in mineral oil (MO) and palm kernel oil methyl ester (PKOME). The solid insulators investigated are: hardened glass (HG), porcelain (PO), and simple glass (SG). The experiments are conducted under positive lightning impulse voltage. The analysis methods are based on a statistical and probabilistic approach. The normality test of the flashover voltage is done by the Anderson–Darling (AD) statistic, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test, and the Ryan–Joiner (RJ) statistic. The statistical analysis of the radial coverage of discharges is presented. Quantification of the ionization rate generated by the discharges is also assessed using a pixel-counting method. The experimental results show that the flashover voltage follows the normal distribution. The Weibull distribution at 1% risk shows that for a square solid insulator of 5-mm thickness and 120-mm sides, the flashover voltage is 45 kV for HG, 56 kV for PO, and 60 kV for SG when immersed in PKOME. These results are 48, 58, and 61 kV, respectively, when immersed in MO. It is also shown that the radial coverage of the discharge is greater on HG than on PO and SG. Similarly, it is greater on PO than on SG. The results also show an increase in the ionization rate of 9.4%, 24.6%, and 25.9%, respectively, for solid insulators with permittivities of 5, 5.7, and 7.3.
{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Flashover Voltage of Solid Insulators Immersed in Insulating Oils and Quantification of the Ionization Rate Under LI Stress","authors":"Jean Lambert Jiosseu;Ghislain Mengata Mengounou;Emeric Tchamdjio Nkouetcha;Adolphe Moukengue Imano","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3392529","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3392529","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with an experimental investigation of the flashover voltage occurring at the end of the propagation of creeping discharges on some solid insulators immersed in mineral oil (MO) and palm kernel oil methyl ester (PKOME). The solid insulators investigated are: hardened glass (HG), porcelain (PO), and simple glass (SG). The experiments are conducted under positive lightning impulse voltage. The analysis methods are based on a statistical and probabilistic approach. The normality test of the flashover voltage is done by the Anderson–Darling (AD) statistic, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test, and the Ryan–Joiner (RJ) statistic. The statistical analysis of the radial coverage of discharges is presented. Quantification of the ionization rate generated by the discharges is also assessed using a pixel-counting method. The experimental results show that the flashover voltage follows the normal distribution. The Weibull distribution at 1% risk shows that for a square solid insulator of 5-mm thickness and 120-mm sides, the flashover voltage is 45 kV for HG, 56 kV for PO, and 60 kV for SG when immersed in PKOME. These results are 48, 58, and 61 kV, respectively, when immersed in MO. It is also shown that the radial coverage of the discharge is greater on HG than on PO and SG. Similarly, it is greater on PO than on SG. The results also show an increase in the ionization rate of 9.4%, 24.6%, and 25.9%, respectively, for solid insulators with permittivities of 5, 5.7, and 7.3.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing energy-efficient routing algorithms is key to reducing energy consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and the WSNs energy-efficient routing is a combinatorial optimization problem. Many researchers try to optimize it with metaheuristics. However, most metaheuristics are inappropriate in designing routing algorithms for WSNs due to the individual coding and iteration rule for WSNs routing problem. To solve these problems, this article proposes a whale swarm algorithm with iterative counter-based routing (WSA-ICR) algorithm based on the WSA-IC algorithm. The WSA-ICR algorithm considers the energy consumption of each node and path length in the balanced network and designs a new energy efficiency objective function. Then, the WSA algorithm is improved from five aspects: individual coding, individual initialization, distance calculation between two individuals, individual movement rules, and local search. The WSA-ICR algorithm is compared with several energy efficiency optimization routing algorithms. The simulation results show that the WSA-ICR algorithm has excellent performance in balancing the energy consumption of the whole network, prolonging the network life cycle and convergence speed.
{"title":"A Whale Swarm-Based Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Bing Zeng;Jiewen Deng;Yan Dong;Xuebing Yang;Lingxiang Huang;Zhao Xiao","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3390424","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3390424","url":null,"abstract":"Developing energy-efficient routing algorithms is key to reducing energy consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and the WSNs energy-efficient routing is a combinatorial optimization problem. Many researchers try to optimize it with metaheuristics. However, most metaheuristics are inappropriate in designing routing algorithms for WSNs due to the individual coding and iteration rule for WSNs routing problem. To solve these problems, this article proposes a whale swarm algorithm with iterative counter-based routing (WSA-ICR) algorithm based on the WSA-IC algorithm. The WSA-ICR algorithm considers the energy consumption of each node and path length in the balanced network and designs a new energy efficiency objective function. Then, the WSA algorithm is improved from five aspects: individual coding, individual initialization, distance calculation between two individuals, individual movement rules, and local search. The WSA-ICR algorithm is compared with several energy efficiency optimization routing algorithms. The simulation results show that the WSA-ICR algorithm has excellent performance in balancing the energy consumption of the whole network, prolonging the network life cycle and convergence speed.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3393446
Zhenh Liu;Chonglei Zhang
The magnetic field sensor plays a crucial role in various fields, we have designed and developed a phase magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance (MOSPR) magnetic field sensor. We obtained the optimal film structure and polarization state of incident light by using the multilayer film reflection theory and Jones matrix to improve the sensitivity. We propose and fabricate a novel Kretschmann configuration that angular modulation of incident light with total internal reflection instead of a mirror. The new Kretschmann configuration is conducive to sensitivity, volume, and light path adjustment during the experiment. According to the simulation consequence, we prepared the phase MOSPR sensor using electron beam vaporization of Au/Co/Au film on the new type Kretschmann configuration. Moreover, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to determine the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of film structure, which characterized the film elements and thickness. Additionally, the different signals in the system can significantly enhance the sensor’s signal-noise ratio (SNR). The experimental results ( $25~^{circ }$ C) based on the phase MOSPR sensor are consistent with the simulation consequence. The results have demonstrated that the phase MOSPR sensor exhibits high sensitivity (79310.3 oe/rad), ultrafast response time (< 100 ns), accuracy, and long-term stability. This sensor holds promise for applications in parameter detection in the automotive industry, navigation and positioning, geophysical magnetic fields, and environmental protection.
{"title":"High Sensitivity Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Magneto-Optical Surface Plasmon Resonance","authors":"Zhenh Liu;Chonglei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3393446","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3393446","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetic field sensor plays a crucial role in various fields, we have designed and developed a phase magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance (MOSPR) magnetic field sensor. We obtained the optimal film structure and polarization state of incident light by using the multilayer film reflection theory and Jones matrix to improve the sensitivity. We propose and fabricate a novel Kretschmann configuration that angular modulation of incident light with total internal reflection instead of a mirror. The new Kretschmann configuration is conducive to sensitivity, volume, and light path adjustment during the experiment. According to the simulation consequence, we prepared the phase MOSPR sensor using electron beam vaporization of Au/Co/Au film on the new type Kretschmann configuration. Moreover, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to determine the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of film structure, which characterized the film elements and thickness. Additionally, the different signals in the system can significantly enhance the sensor’s signal-noise ratio (SNR). The experimental results (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$25~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C) based on the phase MOSPR sensor are consistent with the simulation consequence. The results have demonstrated that the phase MOSPR sensor exhibits high sensitivity (79310.3 oe/rad), ultrafast response time (< 100 ns), accuracy, and long-term stability. This sensor holds promise for applications in parameter detection in the automotive industry, navigation and positioning, geophysical magnetic fields, and environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The device-free localization of individuals not equipped with a radio device plays a critical role in cruise ships, particularly during an emergency. In this article, we introduce a device-free localization scheme requiring low human effort, i.e., directed Fresnel signature (DiFS), which utilizes an onboard off-the-shelf Wi-Fi infrastructure. An intuitive idea of DiFS is that because the channel state information (CSI) is sensitive to the target location within the Wi-Fi Fresnel zone, the target location can be determined by extracting the Fresnel signature and coordinates of the Wi-Fi access points (APs). However, due to the skin effect of signal propagation onboard a ship, CSI cannot reflect a target with precision. Furthermore, an undirected Fresnel signature may lead to misinterpretation if the Wi-Fi APs are not deployed perfectly. We observed that the power delay profiles (PDPs) can accurately reflect the target shadowing within the Fresnel zone in a rich multipath environment. In addition, we leverage the specific skin effect in metal ships and infer DiFSs using a set of power fading models. Extensive experimental results on an actual ship demonstrate that DiFS outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and achieves an accuracy of 0.9 and 1.2 m in the line-of-sight (LoS) and non-LoS (NLoS) scenarios, respectively.
{"title":"DiFS: Wi-Fi Based Directed Fresnel Signature Localization for Mobile Ship Environment","authors":"Kezhong Liu;Guoyu Wang;Cong Chen;Xuming Zeng;Guangmo Tong;Mozi Chen","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3392913","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3392913","url":null,"abstract":"The device-free localization of individuals not equipped with a radio device plays a critical role in cruise ships, particularly during an emergency. In this article, we introduce a device-free localization scheme requiring low human effort, i.e., directed Fresnel signature (DiFS), which utilizes an onboard off-the-shelf Wi-Fi infrastructure. An intuitive idea of DiFS is that because the channel state information (CSI) is sensitive to the target location within the Wi-Fi Fresnel zone, the target location can be determined by extracting the Fresnel signature and coordinates of the Wi-Fi access points (APs). However, due to the skin effect of signal propagation onboard a ship, CSI cannot reflect a target with precision. Furthermore, an undirected Fresnel signature may lead to misinterpretation if the Wi-Fi APs are not deployed perfectly. We observed that the power delay profiles (PDPs) can accurately reflect the target shadowing within the Fresnel zone in a rich multipath environment. In addition, we leverage the specific skin effect in metal ships and infer DiFSs using a set of power fading models. Extensive experimental results on an actual ship demonstrate that DiFS outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and achieves an accuracy of 0.9 and 1.2 m in the line-of-sight (LoS) and non-LoS (NLoS) scenarios, respectively.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3393299
Jiayu Wu;Dinghan Hu;Runze Zheng;Tiejia Jiang;Feng Gao;Jiuwen Cao
Analyzing the trends in brain information flow of children with epilepsy and normal children can provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of childhood epilepsy and brain growth and development. The article studied the electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded during sleep in children aged 0–14y, including 29 healthy children and 32 children with epilepsy syndrome. The directed transfer function (DTF) was used to calculate the correlation characteristics between EEG channels, which were then used to construct the connectivity matrix. To reduce individual differences, generalized sequential forward selection (GSFS) was used for feature screening. A group-level connectivity matrix was constructed, representing the connectivity and differential brain networks across brain regions. Finally, directed graph theory features were used to assess the speed and reliability of information flow. Through comparative analysis of developmental trends and information flow-related features, the main findings include the following: 1) the speed and reliability of the flow of information between the two groups show similar growth and development trends, albeit to different degrees; 2) abnormal developmental trends were observed in the age group of 5–8y, which may be attributed to the prevalence of absence seizures in epileptic children in this age group, often without noticeable spasms; and 3) brain regions show a bidirectional flow of information between central and parietal regions, and between frontal and temporal regions, across all age groups.
{"title":"Information Flow-Based Brain Network Analysis of Healthy and Epileptic Syndromes Children","authors":"Jiayu Wu;Dinghan Hu;Runze Zheng;Tiejia Jiang;Feng Gao;Jiuwen Cao","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3393299","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3393299","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing the trends in brain information flow of children with epilepsy and normal children can provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of childhood epilepsy and brain growth and development. The article studied the electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded during sleep in children aged 0–14y, including 29 healthy children and 32 children with epilepsy syndrome. The directed transfer function (DTF) was used to calculate the correlation characteristics between EEG channels, which were then used to construct the connectivity matrix. To reduce individual differences, generalized sequential forward selection (GSFS) was used for feature screening. A group-level connectivity matrix was constructed, representing the connectivity and differential brain networks across brain regions. Finally, directed graph theory features were used to assess the speed and reliability of information flow. Through comparative analysis of developmental trends and information flow-related features, the main findings include the following: 1) the speed and reliability of the flow of information between the two groups show similar growth and development trends, albeit to different degrees; 2) abnormal developmental trends were observed in the age group of 5–8y, which may be attributed to the prevalence of absence seizures in epileptic children in this age group, often without noticeable spasms; and 3) brain regions show a bidirectional flow of information between central and parietal regions, and between frontal and temporal regions, across all age groups.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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