Pub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3549984
Konstantinos E. Orfanidis;Zisis C. Ioannidis;Stylianos P. Savaidis
A proof of concept microwave non-thermal plasma reactor (NTPR) has been developed in order to assess whether the sole use of microwaves without cascading treatment, for example, electron beam or chemical reactants, may reduce NOx in diesel engine exhaust gas. The experimental study used a 2.47 GHz source at 10 and 5 kW to drive a waveguide-based cavity achieving an amplification gain of 22.6 dB. Gas treatment with pulsed microwaves proved that NOx reduction is possible by using optimal pairs of pulse durations and pulse repetition rates. Further improvements on the NOx reduction efficiency were achieved by using a varying duty cycle pulsed scheme.
{"title":"Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas Treatment for NOx Reduction Using Microwave Nonthermal Plasma Reactor","authors":"Konstantinos E. Orfanidis;Zisis C. Ioannidis;Stylianos P. Savaidis","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3549984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3549984","url":null,"abstract":"A proof of concept microwave non-thermal plasma reactor (NTPR) has been developed in order to assess whether the sole use of microwaves without cascading treatment, for example, electron beam or chemical reactants, may reduce NO<italic><sub>x</sub></i> in diesel engine exhaust gas. The experimental study used a 2.47 GHz source at 10 and 5 kW to drive a waveguide-based cavity achieving an amplification gain of 22.6 dB. Gas treatment with pulsed microwaves proved that NO<italic><sub>x</sub></i> reduction is possible by using optimal pairs of pulse durations and pulse repetition rates. Further improvements on the NO<italic><sub>x</sub></i> reduction efficiency were achieved by using a varying duty cycle pulsed scheme.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 4","pages":"633-642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are emerging as a promising solution to the scarcity of suitable land for ground-mounted solar PV (GPV) installations. By the end of 2022, global FPV capacity reached 5.7 GWp following a remarkable compound annual growth rate of approximately 87.5% from 2015 to 2022. This growth introduces a significant new frontier for operation and maintenance (O&M) practices in the solar industry. As the industry matures and more FPV assets come under operation, the need for innovative, efficient, and environmentally sensitive O&M strategies becomes imperative. This review presents the existing information on the O&M of FPV systems, highlighting the unique challenges and opportunities that set FPV systems apart from conventional GPV installations. Through an examination of recent advancements, best practices, and areas requiring further research, this study aims to provide valuable insights for optimizing the performance and sustainability of FPV systems.
{"title":"Operation and Maintenance of Floating PV Systems: A Review","authors":"Harsha Lakmal Walpita;Nathan Roosloot;Gaute Otnes;Bjørn Lupton Aarseth;Josefine Selj;Vilde Stueland Nysted;Erik Stensrud Marstein","doi":"10.1109/JPHOTOV.2025.3548322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2025.3548322","url":null,"abstract":"Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are emerging as a promising solution to the scarcity of suitable land for ground-mounted solar PV (GPV) installations. By the end of 2022, global FPV capacity reached 5.7 GWp following a remarkable compound annual growth rate of approximately 87.5% from 2015 to 2022. This growth introduces a significant new frontier for operation and maintenance (O&M) practices in the solar industry. As the industry matures and more FPV assets come under operation, the need for innovative, efficient, and environmentally sensitive O&M strategies becomes imperative. This review presents the existing information on the O&M of FPV systems, highlighting the unique challenges and opportunities that set FPV systems apart from conventional GPV installations. Through an examination of recent advancements, best practices, and areas requiring further research, this study aims to provide valuable insights for optimizing the performance and sustainability of FPV systems.","PeriodicalId":445,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics","volume":"15 3","pages":"400-415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3547749
Kaylee Champion;Hanspeter Schaub
Cislunar spacecraft may be mesothermal with respect to ambient plasma, generating spacecraft ion wakes. It is unknown that how these wake formations impact technologies, such as touchless potential sensing and the electrostatic tractor. Therefore, wakes are generated in the Electrostatic Charging Laboratory for Interactions between Plasma and Spacecraft (ECLIPS) vacuum chamber at the University of Colorado at Boulder to determine how to account for and take advantage of the wake formations. The natural ion beam generated in the chamber is too small to place a several centimeter-sized objects in the wake and expands radially outward. To correct this, electrostatic lens configurations are designed to expand and refocus the ion beam. Optimization algorithms are used to determine the ideal electrostatic lens configuration, and the design, installation, and characterization of these lenses are presented. The experimental and numerical simulations show good agreement, enabling the installation of simple electrostatic lenses for ion beam manipulation in vacuum systems. Representative cislunar spacecraft wakes are then successfully generated and measured in the ECLIPS vacuum chamber.
{"title":"Electrostatic Lenses for Laboratory Spacecraft Wake Generation","authors":"Kaylee Champion;Hanspeter Schaub","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3547749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3547749","url":null,"abstract":"Cislunar spacecraft may be mesothermal with respect to ambient plasma, generating spacecraft ion wakes. It is unknown that how these wake formations impact technologies, such as touchless potential sensing and the electrostatic tractor. Therefore, wakes are generated in the Electrostatic Charging Laboratory for Interactions between Plasma and Spacecraft (ECLIPS) vacuum chamber at the University of Colorado at Boulder to determine how to account for and take advantage of the wake formations. The natural ion beam generated in the chamber is too small to place a several centimeter-sized objects in the wake and expands radially outward. To correct this, electrostatic lens configurations are designed to expand and refocus the ion beam. Optimization algorithms are used to determine the ideal electrostatic lens configuration, and the design, installation, and characterization of these lenses are presented. The experimental and numerical simulations show good agreement, enabling the installation of simple electrostatic lenses for ion beam manipulation in vacuum systems. Representative cislunar spacecraft wakes are then successfully generated and measured in the ECLIPS vacuum chamber.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 4","pages":"649-660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3549598
Yuxin Wang;Yinyu Zhang;Yuan Zheng;Jie Wu;Ke Yan;Yang Yang;Yubin Gong
The terahertz (THz) traveling wave tube (TWT) is characterized by low interaction efficiency and insufficient output power. Higher power can be obtained by minimizing insertion loss through advanced processing techniques. The 0.65 THz high-frequency circuits, composed of serpentine waveguide (SWG) slow wave structure (SWS), were designed, fabricated, cold tested, and analyzed in this article. The high-frequency characteristics of the process-adapted SWSs, applicable to both the high-precision computer numerical control (CNC) and deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) technologies, are analyzed and compared. Then, two high-frequency circuits for high power 0.65 THz TWT are fabricated by those micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies. The circuits fabricated by CNC and DRIE techniques exhibit superior equivalent conductivity of $2.4times 10^{7}$ S/m in cold test. Benefiting from the high precision bonding and DRIE technology feature, the circuit can eliminate the $3pi $ /2 point cave in the ${S} _{21}$ curve. The particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results of the 3-D models, reconstructed based on the cold test data, predict that low-loss high-frequency circuits manufactured by advanced manufacturing technologies can achieve 25% output power improvement. Employing the DRIE process, it is possible to not only reduce manufacturing costs and shorten the manufacturing cycle, enabling mass production, but also effectively mitigate $3pi $ /2 point oscillation, enhancing the stability of the device.
{"title":"Analysis of the 0.65 THz High-Frequency Circuits Fabricated by MEMS Technologies","authors":"Yuxin Wang;Yinyu Zhang;Yuan Zheng;Jie Wu;Ke Yan;Yang Yang;Yubin Gong","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3549598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3549598","url":null,"abstract":"The terahertz (THz) traveling wave tube (TWT) is characterized by low interaction efficiency and insufficient output power. Higher power can be obtained by minimizing insertion loss through advanced processing techniques. The 0.65 THz high-frequency circuits, composed of serpentine waveguide (SWG) slow wave structure (SWS), were designed, fabricated, cold tested, and analyzed in this article. The high-frequency characteristics of the process-adapted SWSs, applicable to both the high-precision computer numerical control (CNC) and deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) technologies, are analyzed and compared. Then, two high-frequency circuits for high power 0.65 THz TWT are fabricated by those micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies. The circuits fabricated by CNC and DRIE techniques exhibit superior equivalent conductivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.4times 10^{7}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> S/m in cold test. Benefiting from the high precision bonding and DRIE technology feature, the circuit can eliminate the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/2 point cave in the <inline-formula> <tex-math>${S} _{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> curve. The particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results of the 3-D models, reconstructed based on the cold test data, predict that low-loss high-frequency circuits manufactured by advanced manufacturing technologies can achieve 25% output power improvement. Employing the DRIE process, it is possible to not only reduce manufacturing costs and shorten the manufacturing cycle, enabling mass production, but also effectively mitigate <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/2 point oscillation, enhancing the stability of the device.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 4","pages":"842-847"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3548354
Runchang Li;Luyao Liu;Weihong Hou;Hongshun Liu;Kui Zhang;Dongjie Xu;Yuchao Shi;Shiqiang Dai
Transient faults on extra-high-voltage/ultrahigh-voltage (EHV/UHV) transmission lines are mostly single-phase-to-ground faults, and the corresponding extinction characteristics of secondary arc affect the success rate of single-phase auto-reclosing (SPAR) and the transient stability of power system. In this article, based on the equivalent experiments performed in the laboratory, the binary image of the secondary arc is extracted by the method of grayscale expansion after the logarithmic transformation of the arc images, and the morphological characteristics of the secondary arcs are described by calculating and analyzing the skeleton and the sinuosity of the arc, the barycenter and Feret’s maximum and minimum diameters and their maximum and minimum angles. The sinuosity and the curvature distribution of the secondary arc, the barycenter velocity, momentum, acceleration, and resultant force of the secondary arc are visually plotted and quantitatively calculated. Their corresponding variation rules are also summarized. The results of this study will provide a more complete experimental basis and a better understanding of the morphological characteristics of secondary arc.
{"title":"Study on the Morphological Characteristics of Multiple-Reignition Secondary Arcs on EHV/UHV Transmission Lines","authors":"Runchang Li;Luyao Liu;Weihong Hou;Hongshun Liu;Kui Zhang;Dongjie Xu;Yuchao Shi;Shiqiang Dai","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3548354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3548354","url":null,"abstract":"Transient faults on extra-high-voltage/ultrahigh-voltage (EHV/UHV) transmission lines are mostly single-phase-to-ground faults, and the corresponding extinction characteristics of secondary arc affect the success rate of single-phase auto-reclosing (SPAR) and the transient stability of power system. In this article, based on the equivalent experiments performed in the laboratory, the binary image of the secondary arc is extracted by the method of grayscale expansion after the logarithmic transformation of the arc images, and the morphological characteristics of the secondary arcs are described by calculating and analyzing the skeleton and the sinuosity of the arc, the barycenter and Feret’s maximum and minimum diameters and their maximum and minimum angles. The sinuosity and the curvature distribution of the secondary arc, the barycenter velocity, momentum, acceleration, and resultant force of the secondary arc are visually plotted and quantitatively calculated. Their corresponding variation rules are also summarized. The results of this study will provide a more complete experimental basis and a better understanding of the morphological characteristics of secondary arc.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 4","pages":"751-759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Separation of the positive electrode active material (PEAM) layer including the critical metal is necessary for recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). Herein, we applied the pulsed discharge to one side coated positive electrode sample in air and water as environments with different heat transfer conditions for the separation. Performing the pulsed discharge at $ED=1.20$ J/mm3 in water was beneficial for separating in this study. Notably, 99.6% of the PEAM layer was separated at energy density (ED) = 1.20 J/mm3 in water, whereas the sample was pulverized at $ED=1.10$ J/mm3 in air. The simulations indicated that the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder melted because the temperature exceeded the melting point. The maximum thermal stress acting on the Al foil and the volume expansion of the surrounding medium were 41% and 20% larger in air than in water, respectively, resulting in a greater expansion force and pulverization of the sample in air. The separation mechanism by pulsed discharge is the decrease in adhesion at the interface due to PVDF melting and the thermal stress acting at the timing that prevents Al from tearing. Thus, the separation by pulsed discharge is based on the control of Joule heating and its heat conduction.
{"title":"Active Material Layer Separation From Positive Electrodes in Lithium–Ion Batteries by Joule Heating During Pulsed Discharge in Air and Water","authors":"Moe Nakahara;Taketoshi Koita;Shinichi Higuchi;Kaito Teruya;Kazuyuki Shishino;Katsuya Teshima;Takao Namihira;Chiharu Tokoro","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3546480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3546480","url":null,"abstract":"Separation of the positive electrode active material (PEAM) layer including the critical metal is necessary for recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). Herein, we applied the pulsed discharge to one side coated positive electrode sample in air and water as environments with different heat transfer conditions for the separation. Performing the pulsed discharge at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$ED=1.20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> J/mm<sup>3</sup> in water was beneficial for separating in this study. Notably, 99.6% of the PEAM layer was separated at energy density (<italic>ED</i>) = 1.20 J/mm<sup>3</sup> in water, whereas the sample was pulverized at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$ED=1.10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> J/mm<sup>3</sup> in air. The simulations indicated that the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder melted because the temperature exceeded the melting point. The maximum thermal stress acting on the Al foil and the volume expansion of the surrounding medium were 41% and 20% larger in air than in water, respectively, resulting in a greater expansion force and pulverization of the sample in air. The separation mechanism by pulsed discharge is the decrease in adhesion at the interface due to PVDF melting and the thermal stress acting at the timing that prevents Al from tearing. Thus, the separation by pulsed discharge is based on the control of Joule heating and its heat conduction.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 4","pages":"678-687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10937301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2025.3548762
Nathan Roosloot;Dag Lindholm;Josefine H. Selj;Gaute Otnes
Floating photovoltaic (FPV) modules may face a risk of increased moisture ingress due to their deployment on water surfaces. One way to mitigate this is by using impermeable front- and backsheets, with an edge sealant around the module perimeter. While a suitable sealant should have low bulk permeability, proper sealant application to avoid higher ingress channels at interfaces is crucial. Here, we report on the use of a gravimetric method as a simple way of evaluating moisture ingress through an edge sealant and of identifying application-related issues that lead to increased moisture ingress. The method uses multiple samples that closely mimic the sealant's intended application as part of an FPV design developed by the company Sunlit Sea. Supported by steady-state water vapor transmission rate measurements and finite-element modeling, the method is shown to be capable of determining the order of magnitude of the permeability of two different candidate sealant materials. Moreover, the method detected several application-related sealant failures that were not discernible through visual inspection. Finally, it uncovered potential issues of debonding of one of the sealants in immersion, highlighting a relevant yet understudied stressor for FPV modules.
{"title":"Gravimetric Analysis of Edge Sealant Moisture Protection in a Floating Photovoltaic Application","authors":"Nathan Roosloot;Dag Lindholm;Josefine H. Selj;Gaute Otnes","doi":"10.1109/JPHOTOV.2025.3548762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2025.3548762","url":null,"abstract":"Floating photovoltaic (FPV) modules may face a risk of increased moisture ingress due to their deployment on water surfaces. One way to mitigate this is by using impermeable front- and backsheets, with an edge sealant around the module perimeter. While a suitable sealant should have low bulk permeability, proper sealant application to avoid higher ingress channels at interfaces is crucial. Here, we report on the use of a gravimetric method as a simple way of evaluating moisture ingress through an edge sealant and of identifying application-related issues that lead to increased moisture ingress. The method uses multiple samples that closely mimic the sealant's intended application as part of an FPV design developed by the company Sunlit Sea. Supported by steady-state water vapor transmission rate measurements and finite-element modeling, the method is shown to be capable of determining the order of magnitude of the permeability of two different candidate sealant materials. Moreover, the method detected several application-related sealant failures that were not discernible through visual inspection. Finally, it uncovered potential issues of debonding of one of the sealants in immersion, highlighting a relevant yet understudied stressor for FPV modules.","PeriodicalId":445,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics","volume":"15 3","pages":"442-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3547404
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3547404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3547404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 2","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10936639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3547402
{"title":"IEEE Industry Applications Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3547402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3547402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10936640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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