Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3632094
Bylapudi Rama Devi;Rajan Agrahari;Manpuran Mahto
A terahertz (THz) metasurface is proposed, featuring switchable multifunctionality achieved through the integration of vanadium dioxide (VO2). The design incorporates a configuration that combines gold elements with an SiO2 spacer layer, enabling dynamic electromagnetic (EM) response control. VO2, a well-known phase-change material, exhibits insulator behavior at low temperatures and metallic properties at elevated temperatures (above $67~^{circ }$ C). This temperature-dependent phase transition enables dynamic control of the metasurface optical properties, allowing it to perform multiple functions. The metasurface functions effectively in its metallic state, operates as a broadband absorber with absorption exceeding 90% across the frequency range 1.55–2.67 THz, achieving peak absorptance of 100% at 1.79 THz and 98% at 2.23 THz. When in its insulating state, the device acts as a polarization converter, achieving the transformation from linear-to-cross polarization conversion (LP-CPC) within 1.11–1.91 THz and 2.70–2.94 THz, and linear-to-circular polarization conversion (LP-CP) across 0.99–1.05 THz, 2.13–2.57 THz, and 3.06–3.88 THz. The wideband absorber demonstrated a shielding efficiency exceeding 20 dB within the targeted frequency spectrum. This high level of attenuation highlights its suitability for applications in EM interference (EMI) protection. The proposed metasurface demonstrates multifunctionality, making it a highly suitable option for applications in THz sensors, spatial light modulators, emitters, thermophotovoltaic systems, and next-generation wireless communication technologies.
{"title":"Trifunctional Vanadium Dioxide-Based Switchable Metasurface for Terahertz Waves","authors":"Bylapudi Rama Devi;Rajan Agrahari;Manpuran Mahto","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3632094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3632094","url":null,"abstract":"A terahertz (THz) metasurface is proposed, featuring switchable multifunctionality achieved through the integration of vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>). The design incorporates a configuration that combines gold elements with an SiO<sub>2</sub> spacer layer, enabling dynamic electromagnetic (EM) response control. VO<sub>2</sub>, a well-known phase-change material, exhibits insulator behavior at low temperatures and metallic properties at elevated temperatures (above <inline-formula> <tex-math>$67~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C). This temperature-dependent phase transition enables dynamic control of the metasurface optical properties, allowing it to perform multiple functions. The metasurface functions effectively in its metallic state, operates as a broadband absorber with absorption exceeding 90% across the frequency range 1.55–2.67 THz, achieving peak absorptance of 100% at 1.79 THz and 98% at 2.23 THz. When in its insulating state, the device acts as a polarization converter, achieving the transformation from linear-to-cross polarization conversion (LP-CPC) within 1.11–1.91 THz and 2.70–2.94 THz, and linear-to-circular polarization conversion (LP-CP) across 0.99–1.05 THz, 2.13–2.57 THz, and 3.06–3.88 THz. The wideband absorber demonstrated a shielding efficiency exceeding 20 dB within the targeted frequency spectrum. This high level of attenuation highlights its suitability for applications in EM interference (EMI) protection. The proposed metasurface demonstrates multifunctionality, making it a highly suitable option for applications in THz sensors, spatial light modulators, emitters, thermophotovoltaic systems, and next-generation wireless communication technologies.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3980-3991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3631388
Priyvrat Vats;Bhim Singh
This manuscript details the design, development, and experimental validation of a miniature compulsator developed for compact pulsed power applications, such as arc welding. A Halbach-equivalent permanent magnet (PM) excitation system is implemented using uniformly magnetized NdFeB blocks arranged in a precision mold, eliminating the need for complex magnetization. The machine incorporates a slotless, concentric four-phase armature winding placed in air gap to minimize internal impedance, leakage, and mutual inductance. Passive compensation using an aluminum shield ensures uniform inductance during rotor rotation by inducing image currents. Key electromagnetic parameters, such as air-gap flux density and self-inductance, are derived through transient finite element analysis (FEA) and verified through experimental result. A prototype is fabricated and tested under open-circuit and resistive loads. Experimental results closely align with FEA predictions, confirming accuracy of the design approach. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed architecture for scalable, high-efficiency compulsator-based pulsed power systems.
{"title":"Development of a Miniature Compulsator for High-Current Pulsed Power Systems","authors":"Priyvrat Vats;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3631388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3631388","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript details the design, development, and experimental validation of a miniature compulsator developed for compact pulsed power applications, such as arc welding. A Halbach-equivalent permanent magnet (PM) excitation system is implemented using uniformly magnetized NdFeB blocks arranged in a precision mold, eliminating the need for complex magnetization. The machine incorporates a slotless, concentric four-phase armature winding placed in air gap to minimize internal impedance, leakage, and mutual inductance. Passive compensation using an aluminum shield ensures uniform inductance during rotor rotation by inducing image currents. Key electromagnetic parameters, such as air-gap flux density and self-inductance, are derived through transient finite element analysis (FEA) and verified through experimental result. A prototype is fabricated and tested under open-circuit and resistive loads. Experimental results closely align with FEA predictions, confirming accuracy of the design approach. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed architecture for scalable, high-efficiency compulsator-based pulsed power systems.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3850-3857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3630051
J. T. Bonnema;S. Lisgo;A. J. M. Pemen;T. Huiskamp
Project Elpis investigates the use of a plasma focus (PF) as a commercial radiation source, ideally for fusion energy generation. A PF is a type of pinch in which a short-lived, hot, and dense plasma is created, in which fusion reactions can take place. Since this is an energy-dense pulsed apparatus, eventually a suitable pulse source must be designed. First, the requirements for the initial research prototype have been determined (10 kV, 10 kJ, 500 kA, and 25 $mu $ s). Due to the requirement for a long operational lifetime, in this work, we will investigate a solid-state pulse switch implementation and develop a first (lower power, 1-kV) prototype for the initial research demonstrator. Different solid-state switches (an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and two MOS-gated thyristors) have been experimentally selected for their current conduction capabilities in the required regime, after which a final selection is made. Next, a sinusoidal discharge pulse source is designed to measure the current-sharing performance of four such switches in parallel. The results show a desirable current sharing performance (<15% difference) below 20-kA peak. Simultaneously, a simulation model is developed to aid in further system design. Next, a switch module consisting of 16 switches in parallel has been designed. Again, sufficient current sharing behavior is observed (<5% difference) up to 140-kA peak (single-shot and destructive) and 70-kA peak for repetitive operation. Finally, simulations demonstrating the feasibility of the 500-kA prototype are shown, as well as a successful simulated operation with PF.
{"title":"High-Current, Solid-State Switch for Dense Plasma Focus Applications","authors":"J. T. Bonnema;S. Lisgo;A. J. M. Pemen;T. Huiskamp","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3630051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3630051","url":null,"abstract":"Project Elpis investigates the use of a plasma focus (PF) as a commercial radiation source, ideally for fusion energy generation. A PF is a type of pinch in which a short-lived, hot, and dense plasma is created, in which fusion reactions can take place. Since this is an energy-dense pulsed apparatus, eventually a suitable pulse source must be designed. First, the requirements for the initial research prototype have been determined (10 kV, 10 kJ, 500 kA, and 25 <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s). Due to the requirement for a long operational lifetime, in this work, we will investigate a solid-state pulse switch implementation and develop a first (lower power, 1-kV) prototype for the initial research demonstrator. Different solid-state switches (an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and two MOS-gated thyristors) have been experimentally selected for their current conduction capabilities in the required regime, after which a final selection is made. Next, a sinusoidal discharge pulse source is designed to measure the current-sharing performance of four such switches in parallel. The results show a desirable current sharing performance (<15% difference) below 20-kA peak. Simultaneously, a simulation model is developed to aid in further system design. Next, a switch module consisting of 16 switches in parallel has been designed. Again, sufficient current sharing behavior is observed (<5% difference) up to 140-kA peak (single-shot and destructive) and 70-kA peak for repetitive operation. Finally, simulations demonstrating the feasibility of the 500-kA prototype are shown, as well as a successful simulated operation with PF.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3878-3891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3631864
Naga Srinivasarao Chilamkurthy;Shaik Abdul Hakeem;Sreenivasulu Tupakula;Sunil Chinnadurai;Om Jee Pandey;Anirban Ghosh
The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has driven advancements in networking technologies such as low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) to extend coverage and enhance the lifespan of IoT devices (IoDs). However, real-world IoT networks are typically heterogeneous, comprising static and dynamic IoDs leading to variations in network topology. These fluctuations cause challenges such as increased data latency and energy imbalances, which hinder efficient information flow. To overcome these issues, this article presents a novel approach that integrates small-world characteristics (SWCs), inspired by social network theory, into heterogeneous LPWANs using reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, the Q-learning technique is used to introduce new long-range links into the network, enhancing connectivity and optimizing performance. Different conventional networks with varying numbers of mobile nodes are studied in this work followed by their subsequent transformation to small-world versions. The performance of the networks is optimized in terms of energy efficiency and latency in data routing. It is observed that irrespective of the network (conventional or small-world), the performance is better if the number of static nodes is greater. Furthermore, independent of the degree of dynamicity, the SW-LPWAN is more energy-efficient and has lower transmission delay than the corresponding conventional network. Numerically, SWLPWANs achieve up to 14.6% faster data transmission speeds, supporting 19.7% more active IoDs, and maintaining 15.5% higher residual energy compared with conventional networks.
{"title":"Improving the Performance of Heterogeneous LPWANs: An Integrated Small-World and Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Naga Srinivasarao Chilamkurthy;Shaik Abdul Hakeem;Sreenivasulu Tupakula;Sunil Chinnadurai;Om Jee Pandey;Anirban Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3631864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3631864","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has driven advancements in networking technologies such as low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) to extend coverage and enhance the lifespan of IoT devices (IoDs). However, real-world IoT networks are typically heterogeneous, comprising static and dynamic IoDs leading to variations in network topology. These fluctuations cause challenges such as increased data latency and energy imbalances, which hinder efficient information flow. To overcome these issues, this article presents a novel approach that integrates small-world characteristics (SWCs), inspired by social network theory, into heterogeneous LPWANs using reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, the Q-learning technique is used to introduce new long-range links into the network, enhancing connectivity and optimizing performance. Different conventional networks with varying numbers of mobile nodes are studied in this work followed by their subsequent transformation to small-world versions. The performance of the networks is optimized in terms of energy efficiency and latency in data routing. It is observed that irrespective of the network (conventional or small-world), the performance is better if the number of static nodes is greater. Furthermore, independent of the degree of dynamicity, the SW-LPWAN is more energy-efficient and has lower transmission delay than the corresponding conventional network. Numerically, SWLPWANs achieve up to 14.6% faster data transmission speeds, supporting 19.7% more active IoDs, and maintaining 15.5% higher residual energy compared with conventional networks.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"1410-1419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145852503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2025.3625245
Nick Bosco;Martin Springer
In this work, we present a method to evaluate the equivalency between any module mechanical loading conditions. The method is developed to address the specific failure mode of glass fracture and is based on Weibull analysis and weakest link theory. It considers the varying stress profile across the module to calculate the probability of glass fracture, which is used as the metric of equivalency. An idealized nonuniform loading scheme is employed to demonstrate the method and introduce the concept of the equivalent uniform load factor: a factor applied to the maximum pressure of the nonuniform load to obtain the equivalent uniform load value. It is demonstrated that this factor is less than unity for all nonuniform load cases considered, including snow and various characters of wind loading. These significant results suggest that uniform loading may be reliably, and practically, employed to evaluate photovoltaic module glass for nonuniform loading durability.
{"title":"Uniform Mechanical Loading Can Test for Nonuniform Loading Durability","authors":"Nick Bosco;Martin Springer","doi":"10.1109/JPHOTOV.2025.3625245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2025.3625245","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a method to evaluate the equivalency between any module mechanical loading conditions. The method is developed to address the specific failure mode of glass fracture and is based on Weibull analysis and weakest link theory. It considers the varying stress profile across the module to calculate the probability of glass fracture, which is used as the metric of equivalency. An idealized nonuniform loading scheme is employed to demonstrate the method and introduce the concept of the equivalent uniform load factor: a factor applied to the maximum pressure of the nonuniform load to obtain the equivalent uniform load value. It is demonstrated that this factor is less than unity for all nonuniform load cases considered, including snow and various characters of wind loading. These significant results suggest that uniform loading may be reliably, and practically, employed to evaluate photovoltaic module glass for nonuniform loading durability.","PeriodicalId":445,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics","volume":"16 1","pages":"136-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3631094
Sihan Chen;Hui Chen;Shuqi Liu;Yige Zhao;Wanquan Liu
Outdoor depth acquisition with technologies like Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a challenging task due to factors such as high complexity and sensitivity to light variation, which result in sparse point cloud density. This research is an attempt to address these issues and suggests the use of Red, Green, Blue (RGB) image guidance for depth completion of sparse laser point clouds. The presented research work involves three stages. First, to overcome incomplete or inaccurate completion caused by unclear information corresponding RGB image and depth image, a guided convolutional module and a two-stage attention mechanism based on a feature fusion strategy are proposed. The strategy uses lightweight network models to improve the completion accuracy. Second, a completion method based on the fine-grained convolutional space propagation network is proposed to preserve the original depth value and refine the depth map. This scheme addresses the issue of losing the original depth value due to the noise while fusing two different information input modes of RGB image and depth map. Finally, in order to test the depth completion performance of TFDCNet, evaluation is performed by using the KITTI dataset. Experimental results reveal that TFDCNet shows improved completion accuracy by 8.36% in the selected scenarios compared with the state-of-the-art.
{"title":"TFDCNet: Two-Stage Multimodal Fusion and Fine-Grained Convolutional Space Propagation Network for Depth Completion of Outdoor Scenes","authors":"Sihan Chen;Hui Chen;Shuqi Liu;Yige Zhao;Wanquan Liu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3631094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3631094","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor depth acquisition with technologies like Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a challenging task due to factors such as high complexity and sensitivity to light variation, which result in sparse point cloud density. This research is an attempt to address these issues and suggests the use of Red, Green, Blue (RGB) image guidance for depth completion of sparse laser point clouds. The presented research work involves three stages. First, to overcome incomplete or inaccurate completion caused by unclear information corresponding RGB image and depth image, a guided convolutional module and a two-stage attention mechanism based on a feature fusion strategy are proposed. The strategy uses lightweight network models to improve the completion accuracy. Second, a completion method based on the fine-grained convolutional space propagation network is proposed to preserve the original depth value and refine the depth map. This scheme addresses the issue of losing the original depth value due to the noise while fusing two different information input modes of RGB image and depth map. Finally, in order to test the depth completion performance of TFDCNet, evaluation is performed by using the KITTI dataset. Experimental results reveal that TFDCNet shows improved completion accuracy by 8.36% in the selected scenarios compared with the state-of-the-art.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"1395-1409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145852467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1109/TSM.2025.3633070
Dongkyum Kim;Jiwon Seo;Jun-Ho Choi;Munam Kim;Bumsuk Jung;Sang Jeen Hong;Jeongsoon Lee
The widespread use of fluorinated gases in semiconductor manufacturing has raised significant environmental concerns due to their high global warming potential (GWP). To address this issue, we developed a systematic methodology for screening and evaluating low-GWP F-gases based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The infrared absorption cross-section (ACS) spectra and radiative efficiencies (RE) of candidate gases were predicted and systematically corrected using an empirical scaling factor derived from the correlation between calculated and experimentally measured RE values. This correction significantly improved the accuracy of GWP predictions. The methodology was successfully validated against representative F-gases, yielding GWP1oo estimates that closely align with reported values for high-GWP gases (GWP1oo=2,240), mid-GWP gases (GWP1oo=87), and low-GWP gases (below GWP1oo=10). Notably, several candidate gases, such as COF2, CF3OCFCF2, CF3C(O)CF(CF3)2, and C6F6, exhibited estimated GWP1oo values of 1.79, 2.69, 3.03, and 7.56, respectively, which are consistent with reported values. They were re-confirmed by the proposed method as promising low-GWP alternatives to conventional high-GWP etching and cleaning gases. By adopting a practical, accessible DFT methodology, this approach delivers reliable comparisons of GWP values among candidate gases and supports rapid, on-site GWP assessments without requiring specialized expertise.
{"title":"A Computational Method for Screening Low-GWP Fluorinated Gases in Semiconductor Manufacturing","authors":"Dongkyum Kim;Jiwon Seo;Jun-Ho Choi;Munam Kim;Bumsuk Jung;Sang Jeen Hong;Jeongsoon Lee","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2025.3633070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2025.3633070","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of fluorinated gases in semiconductor manufacturing has raised significant environmental concerns due to their high global warming potential (GWP). To address this issue, we developed a systematic methodology for screening and evaluating low-GWP F-gases based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The infrared absorption cross-section (ACS) spectra and radiative efficiencies (RE) of candidate gases were predicted and systematically corrected using an empirical scaling factor derived from the correlation between calculated and experimentally measured RE values. This correction significantly improved the accuracy of GWP predictions. The methodology was successfully validated against representative F-gases, yielding GWP1oo estimates that closely align with reported values for high-GWP gases (GWP1oo=2,240), mid-GWP gases (GWP1oo=87), and low-GWP gases (below GWP1oo=10). Notably, several candidate gases, such as COF2, CF3OCFCF2, CF3C(O)CF(CF3)2, and C6F6, exhibited estimated GWP1oo values of 1.79, 2.69, 3.03, and 7.56, respectively, which are consistent with reported values. They were re-confirmed by the proposed method as promising low-GWP alternatives to conventional high-GWP etching and cleaning gases. By adopting a practical, accessible DFT methodology, this approach delivers reliable comparisons of GWP values among candidate gases and supports rapid, on-site GWP assessments without requiring specialized expertise.","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 1","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3630222
Yi Ding;Zhili Zhang;Huayin Zhao;Jinyuan He;Liudi Wang;Jin Kang;Peng Xue;Wentao Cui;Enqing Dong
This article focuses on energy efficiency (EE) optimization for large-scale uniform line-distributed wireless geophone networks (WGNs). To address the issues of unbalanced subnetwork load and excessive energy consumption in traditional WGNs, we propose an EE optimization scheme—Markov-chain-based clustering and farthest vector forwarding (MCBC–FVF). For intracluster energy optimization, a state transition probability model based on Markov chain (MC) is constructed for cluster head (CH) election. An energy-aware objective function with a spatial bias term is designed to reduce and balance energy consumption. For intercluster energy optimization, a farthest vector forwarding (FVF) mechanism is introduced to mitigate communication failure and low packet delivery ratio (PDR) caused by excessive distances between CHs. It also helps reduce redundant traffic and suppresses path inflation. Compared with MH-LEACH, LEACH-C, and MMRP, simulation results based on IEEE 802.15.4 demonstrate that the proposed MCBC–FVF scheme improves the first node death (FND) time by 38.68%, 22.62%, and 17.20%, respectively, while reducing intercluster average energy consumption by 32.73%, 18.41%, and 43.38%, respectively. These results indicate that MCBC–FVF not only significantly prolongs network lifetime but also provides a novel integration of probabilistic modeling and topologyaware forwarding, offering a practical and effective solution for energy-constrained WGNs.
{"title":"An Energy Efficiency Optimization Scheme for Uniform Line-Distributed Wireless Geophone Networks","authors":"Yi Ding;Zhili Zhang;Huayin Zhao;Jinyuan He;Liudi Wang;Jin Kang;Peng Xue;Wentao Cui;Enqing Dong","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3630222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3630222","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on energy efficiency (EE) optimization for large-scale uniform line-distributed wireless geophone networks (WGNs). To address the issues of unbalanced subnetwork load and excessive energy consumption in traditional WGNs, we propose an EE optimization scheme—Markov-chain-based clustering and farthest vector forwarding (MCBC–FVF). For intracluster energy optimization, a state transition probability model based on Markov chain (MC) is constructed for cluster head (CH) election. An energy-aware objective function with a spatial bias term is designed to reduce and balance energy consumption. For intercluster energy optimization, a farthest vector forwarding (FVF) mechanism is introduced to mitigate communication failure and low packet delivery ratio (PDR) caused by excessive distances between CHs. It also helps reduce redundant traffic and suppresses path inflation. Compared with MH-LEACH, LEACH-C, and MMRP, simulation results based on IEEE 802.15.4 demonstrate that the proposed MCBC–FVF scheme improves the first node death (FND) time by 38.68%, 22.62%, and 17.20%, respectively, while reducing intercluster average energy consumption by 32.73%, 18.41%, and 43.38%, respectively. These results indicate that MCBC–FVF not only significantly prolongs network lifetime but also provides a novel integration of probabilistic modeling and topologyaware forwarding, offering a practical and effective solution for energy-constrained WGNs.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 24","pages":"45050-45060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2025.3632531
Mohd Faizan;Sajad A. Loan;Neelofer Afzal;Hend I. Alkhammash
A leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron with excitatory characteristics is observed for the first time using a MOSFET with partial-ground-plane (PGP) based silicon on insulator for future neuromorphic computing, with a remarkable increase in integration density and energy consumption. Calibrated simulation demonstrates that the proposed device can accurately imitate a real neuron's spiking activity without the use of additional circuitry. Furthermore, the claimed PGP-SELBOX-MOSFET based LIF neuron, with gate length of 50 nm, exhibits a threshold voltage of 0.57 V and needs only 2.84 fJ energy to generate a spike signal, which is exceptionally low when compared to prior research. Moreover, the proposed neuron indicates a spiking frequency that falls within the gigahertz range, almost six orders of magnitude greater than the biological neurons. Additionally, reliability investigations of the n-channel PGP-MOSFET's Positive Bias Temperature Instability (PBTI) and temperature dependent reliability characteristics are carried out in this article. Moreover, the effects of SELBOX separation, PGP separation, PGP doping and temperature on the spiking voltage variations have also been investigated. We further explore the use of this neuron to develop reconfigurable threshold logic gates (TLG) that can be used to perform universal threshold logic gates like NOR and NAND. To validate its practical applicability, a multi-layer SNN was designed, which successfully achieved 92.72% accuracy in image recognition tasks using the proposed neuron.
{"title":"A Partial-Ground-Plane Based Silicon on Insulator Transistor for Energy-Efficient Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Realizations and Applications","authors":"Mohd Faizan;Sajad A. Loan;Neelofer Afzal;Hend I. Alkhammash","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2025.3632531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2025.3632531","url":null,"abstract":"A leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron with excitatory characteristics is observed for the first time using a MOSFET with partial-ground-plane (PGP) based silicon on insulator for future neuromorphic computing, with a remarkable increase in integration density and energy consumption. Calibrated simulation demonstrates that the proposed device can accurately imitate a real neuron's spiking activity without the use of additional circuitry. Furthermore, the claimed PGP-SELBOX-MOSFET based LIF neuron, with gate length of 50 nm, exhibits a threshold voltage of 0.57 V and needs only 2.84 fJ energy to generate a spike signal, which is exceptionally low when compared to prior research. Moreover, the proposed neuron indicates a spiking frequency that falls within the gigahertz range, almost six orders of magnitude greater than the biological neurons. Additionally, reliability investigations of the n-channel PGP-MOSFET's Positive Bias Temperature Instability (PBTI) and temperature dependent reliability characteristics are carried out in this article. Moreover, the effects of SELBOX separation, PGP separation, PGP doping and temperature on the spiking voltage variations have also been investigated. We further explore the use of this neuron to develop reconfigurable threshold logic gates (TLG) that can be used to perform universal threshold logic gates like NOR and NAND. To validate its practical applicability, a multi-layer SNN was designed, which successfully achieved 92.72% accuracy in image recognition tasks using the proposed neuron.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"24 ","pages":"564-573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145612103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：