Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471812
Xuyang Zhang;Tianqi Yang;Dandan Zhang;Nathan F. Lepora
Manipulating fragile objects in environments such as homes and factories requires stable and gentle grasping along with precise and safe placement. Compared to traditional rigid grippers, the use of soft grippers reduces the control complexity and the risk of damaging objects. However, it is challenging to integrate camera-based optical tactile sensing into a soft gripper without compromising the flexibility and adaptability of the fingers, while also ensuring that the precision of tactile perception remains unaffected by passive deformations of the soft structure during object contact. In this article, we demonstrate a modular soft two-fingered gripper with a 3-D-printed optical tactile sensor (the TacTip) integrated into the palm. We propose a soft-grasping strategy that includes three functions: light contact detection, grasp pose adjustment, and loss-of-contact detection so that objects of different shapes and sizes can be grasped stably and placed precisely, which we test with both artificial and household objects. By sequentially implementing these three functions, the grasp success rate progressively improves from 45% without any functions, to 59% with light contact detection, 90% with grasp pose adjustment, and 97% with loss-of-contact detection, achieving a submillimeter placement precision. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility and utility of integrating optical tactile sensors into the palm of a soft gripper and of applicability to various types of soft manipulators. The proposed grasping strategy has potential applications in areas such as fragile product processing and home assistance.
{"title":"TacPalm: A Soft Gripper With a Biomimetic Optical Tactile Palm for Stable Precise Grasping","authors":"Xuyang Zhang;Tianqi Yang;Dandan Zhang;Nathan F. Lepora","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471812","url":null,"abstract":"Manipulating fragile objects in environments such as homes and factories requires stable and gentle grasping along with precise and safe placement. Compared to traditional rigid grippers, the use of soft grippers reduces the control complexity and the risk of damaging objects. However, it is challenging to integrate camera-based optical tactile sensing into a soft gripper without compromising the flexibility and adaptability of the fingers, while also ensuring that the precision of tactile perception remains unaffected by passive deformations of the soft structure during object contact. In this article, we demonstrate a modular soft two-fingered gripper with a 3-D-printed optical tactile sensor (the TacTip) integrated into the palm. We propose a soft-grasping strategy that includes three functions: light contact detection, grasp pose adjustment, and loss-of-contact detection so that objects of different shapes and sizes can be grasped stably and placed precisely, which we test with both artificial and household objects. By sequentially implementing these three functions, the grasp success rate progressively improves from 45% without any functions, to 59% with light contact detection, 90% with grasp pose adjustment, and 97% with loss-of-contact detection, achieving a submillimeter placement precision. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility and utility of integrating optical tactile sensors into the palm of a soft gripper and of applicability to various types of soft manipulators. The proposed grasping strategy has potential applications in areas such as fragile product processing and home assistance.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"38402-38416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471814
Bao Liang;Weige Tao;Cailing Huo;Zhigang Sun
The electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT), which uses a flexible dual-coil configuration, can be easily applied for noncontact ultrasonic testing of curved structures and objects with narrow inspection space. In this article, the high-temperature performance of a flexible dual-coil EMAT on ferromagnetic steel measurement is analyzed. The flexible dual-coil EMAT consists of an electromagnetic (EM) coil, an eddy-current (EC) coil, and a test specimen. First, the working principle and transduction mechanism in ferromagnetic steel by the designed dual-coil EMAT are analyzed. Then, a finite element model of the designed dual-coil EMAT is established, and the magnetic field and acoustic field distribution of the EM coil are simulated. Finally, a high-temperature experimental platform of flexible dual-coil EMAT is built, and the relationship between the designed EMAT’s received signal waveform and the temperature is analyzed. The results show that the designed EMAT allows the measurement of ferromagnetic steels between $25~^{circ }$ C and $770~^{circ }$ C without physical coupling or active cooling.
采用柔性双线圈结构的电磁声换能器（EMAT）可方便地用于对曲面结构和检测空间狭窄的物体进行非接触式超声波检测。本文分析了柔性双线圈 EMAT 在铁磁钢测量中的高温性能。柔性双线圈电磁超声探伤仪由电磁（EM）线圈、涡流（EC）线圈和试样组成。首先，分析了所设计的双线圈电磁传感器在铁磁钢中的工作原理和传导机制。然后，建立了设计的双线圈电磁超声衰减器的有限元模型，并模拟了电磁线圈的磁场和声场分布。最后，建立了柔性双线圈电磁超声衰减器的高温实验平台，并分析了所设计的电磁超声衰减器接收信号波形与温度之间的关系。结果表明，所设计的电磁超声波探头可以在 25~^{circ }$ C 和 770~^{circ }$ C 之间测量铁磁性钢材，而无需物理耦合或主动冷却。
{"title":"Performance Analysis of High-Temperature Flexible Dual-Coil EMAT for Ferromagnetic Steel Measurement","authors":"Bao Liang;Weige Tao;Cailing Huo;Zhigang Sun","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471814","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT), which uses a flexible dual-coil configuration, can be easily applied for noncontact ultrasonic testing of curved structures and objects with narrow inspection space. In this article, the high-temperature performance of a flexible dual-coil EMAT on ferromagnetic steel measurement is analyzed. The flexible dual-coil EMAT consists of an electromagnetic (EM) coil, an eddy-current (EC) coil, and a test specimen. First, the working principle and transduction mechanism in ferromagnetic steel by the designed dual-coil EMAT are analyzed. Then, a finite element model of the designed dual-coil EMAT is established, and the magnetic field and acoustic field distribution of the EM coil are simulated. Finally, a high-temperature experimental platform of flexible dual-coil EMAT is built, and the relationship between the designed EMAT’s received signal waveform and the temperature is analyzed. The results show that the designed EMAT allows the measurement of ferromagnetic steels between \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$25~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$770~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C without physical coupling or active cooling.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"36560-36568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471830
Long Huang;Detao Lu;Wen Zeng;Qu Zhou
As the main monitoring method for the operation status and faults of gas-insulated equipment (GIE) equipment, SF6 decomposition gas analysis technology has been continuously upgraded, and the development of new gas-sensitive materials has always been one of the core breakthroughs. Herin, it is proposed the NiO and Ag2 O metal oxide-doped Janus tin sulfide selenide (SnSSe) (MOS-SnSSe) monolayers as prospective sensing materials for detection of four typical decomposition gases, namely, HF, SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2, to provide an option for upgrading the gas-sensitive units. The results suggest that the NiO and Ag2 O dopants are more inclined to stick to the S-surface of intrinsic SnSSe monolayer. Furthermore, the Mulliken analysis reveals the function of carrier-migration bridge of the NiO and Ag2 O dopants in the gas-sensing reaction that encourages the bidirectional migration of charges between the gas species and the SnSSe surface. The change in energy band confirms the adjusted electronic performances of MOS-SnSSe monolayers upon adsorbing gases, and the density of state redistribution in such four gas systems verifies the chemisorption of HF, SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2 on NiO-SnSSe monolayer, the chemisorption of HF and SO2 on Ag2 O-SnSSe monolayer, and the physisorption of SOF2 and SO2F2 on Ag2 O-SnSSe monolayer. Furthermore, our outcome demonstrates that the NiO-SnSSe monolayer is a feasible candidate for an SO2 resistive sensor operating at 458 K, while Ag2 O-SnSSe monolayer can serve as both a work-function-type sensor for such four gas SPICEs and a scavenger for SO2. These discoveries in this research expose the admirable gas sensitivity potentiality of the SnSSe-based system and the special attribute of the Janus community, which we anticipate could motivate more cutting-edge research in the industry of gas sensing.
{"title":"Favorable Adsorption and Detection Properties of Metal Oxides (NiO and Ag₂O) Modified Janus SnSSe Monolayer Toward SF₆ Decomposition Gases in a Gas-Insulated Equipment","authors":"Long Huang;Detao Lu;Wen Zeng;Qu Zhou","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471830","url":null,"abstract":"As the main monitoring method for the operation status and faults of gas-insulated equipment (GIE) equipment, SF6 decomposition gas analysis technology has been continuously upgraded, and the development of new gas-sensitive materials has always been one of the core breakthroughs. Herin, it is proposed the NiO and Ag2 O metal oxide-doped Janus tin sulfide selenide (SnSSe) (MOS-SnSSe) monolayers as prospective sensing materials for detection of four typical decomposition gases, namely, HF, SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2, to provide an option for upgrading the gas-sensitive units. The results suggest that the NiO and Ag2 O dopants are more inclined to stick to the S-surface of intrinsic SnSSe monolayer. Furthermore, the Mulliken analysis reveals the function of carrier-migration bridge of the NiO and Ag2 O dopants in the gas-sensing reaction that encourages the bidirectional migration of charges between the gas species and the SnSSe surface. The change in energy band confirms the adjusted electronic performances of MOS-SnSSe monolayers upon adsorbing gases, and the density of state redistribution in such four gas systems verifies the chemisorption of HF, SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2 on NiO-SnSSe monolayer, the chemisorption of HF and SO2 on Ag2 O-SnSSe monolayer, and the physisorption of SOF2 and SO2F2 on Ag2 O-SnSSe monolayer. Furthermore, our outcome demonstrates that the NiO-SnSSe monolayer is a feasible candidate for an SO2 resistive sensor operating at 458 K, while Ag2 O-SnSSe monolayer can serve as both a work-function-type sensor for such four gas SPICEs and a scavenger for SO2. These discoveries in this research expose the admirable gas sensitivity potentiality of the SnSSe-based system and the special attribute of the Janus community, which we anticipate could motivate more cutting-edge research in the industry of gas sensing.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"37042-37052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3468318
Linh Huynh Thi Thuy;Phu Nguyen Dang;Hung Cao;Anh H. Nguyen;Jung-Chih Chiao;Chun-Ping Jen;Loc Do Quang;Trinh Chu Duc;Tung Thanh Bui
Lacking effective treatment, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes mass mortality in farmed shrimp, significantly damaging the shrimp industry worldwide. To enable early detection and diagnosis of this disease, we have demonstrated an electrochemical immunosensor to detect the VP28 antigen, a key envelope protein of this virus. First, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited on the sensor’s carbon surface to enhance both its sensitivity and its capability to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Subsequently, an SAM using 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid was coated as an intermediary layer for immobilizing VP28 antibodies. The specific interaction of VP28 antigen-antibody, confirmed by Western Blot, impeded electrons transfer, leading to an increase in charge transfer resistance. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was utilized to deposit AuNPs and combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to characterize the modification of the sensor’s electrode surface through changes in electric current and impedance. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that nanosized gold particles were uniformly dispersed on the carbon electrode surface. Electric measurement results showed that the change in charge transfer resistance ( $Delta {R}_{text {CT}}$ ) correlates linearly with the VP28 protein concentration range from 0 to 60 ng/mL, with an ${R}^{,{2}}$ coefficient of 0.98945 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.38 ng/mL. Additionally, the anode peak current decreased from 15.150 to $7.725~mu $ A with increasing antigen concentration. Control experiments with various proteins demonstrated the specificity of the proposed immunosensor for detecting VP28. This sensor offers an accessible electrochemical sensing tool, enabling convenient, direct, and immediate diagnosis of WSSV on shrimp farms.
{"title":"Electrodeposition of Gold Nanoparticles for a Highly Sensitive Immunosensor for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Envelope Protein VP28 Detection Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique","authors":"Linh Huynh Thi Thuy;Phu Nguyen Dang;Hung Cao;Anh H. Nguyen;Jung-Chih Chiao;Chun-Ping Jen;Loc Do Quang;Trinh Chu Duc;Tung Thanh Bui","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3468318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3468318","url":null,"abstract":"Lacking effective treatment, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes mass mortality in farmed shrimp, significantly damaging the shrimp industry worldwide. To enable early detection and diagnosis of this disease, we have demonstrated an electrochemical immunosensor to detect the VP28 antigen, a key envelope protein of this virus. First, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited on the sensor’s carbon surface to enhance both its sensitivity and its capability to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Subsequently, an SAM using 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid was coated as an intermediary layer for immobilizing VP28 antibodies. The specific interaction of VP28 antigen-antibody, confirmed by Western Blot, impeded electrons transfer, leading to an increase in charge transfer resistance. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was utilized to deposit AuNPs and combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to characterize the modification of the sensor’s electrode surface through changes in electric current and impedance. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that nanosized gold particles were uniformly dispersed on the carbon electrode surface. Electric measurement results showed that the change in charge transfer resistance (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Delta {R}_{text {CT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) correlates linearly with the VP28 protein concentration range from 0 to 60 ng/mL, with an \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${R}^{,{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 coefficient of 0.98945 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.38 ng/mL. Additionally, the anode peak current decreased from 15.150 to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$7.725~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000A with increasing antigen concentration. Control experiments with various proteins demonstrated the specificity of the proposed immunosensor for detecting VP28. This sensor offers an accessible electrochemical sensing tool, enabling convenient, direct, and immediate diagnosis of WSSV on shrimp farms.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"36350-36357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471675
Gaige Chen;Xiaoyu Hao;Jun Huang;Hongbo Ma;Xianzhi Wang;Xianguang Kong
An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) has multiple degradation mechanisms; it is a challenge to accurately integrating multiple signals to capture the device’s degradation patterns and health state. Therefore, comprehensively characterizing the health state of IGBT and predicting its remaining useful life (RUL) using multiple signals poses a significant challenge. To address this challenge, a RUL prediction method for IGBT based on the deep fusion of nonlinear features from multisource data is proposed. First, the time-domain multifeatures of IGBT degradation data are constructed, and key features are selectively selected; then, dimensionality reduction is performed and these features are fused into health indicators (HIs) to characterize the health level. Second, the health of IGBT is effectively evaluated by unsupervised clustering without data labeling. Third, end-condition monitoring is refined to enable the identification of near-failure state. Finally, deep learning is utilized to provide the accurate and reliable prediction of the RUL of IGBT devices [ ${R}^{{2}}$ are all greater than 0.98, the mean absolute error (MAE) all less than 2.3, and the root mean square error (RMSE) all less than 5.5.]. The results demonstrate that the method effectively integrates multisource information, characterizes the health state of the device, and can more accurately and reliably predict the RUL of IGBT. The proposed method can enhance the scientific basis for the health management of new energy systems such as wind power and photovoltaic systems.
{"title":"A Remaining Useful Life Prediction Method for Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor Based on Deep Fusion of Nonlinear Features From Multisource Data","authors":"Gaige Chen;Xiaoyu Hao;Jun Huang;Hongbo Ma;Xianzhi Wang;Xianguang Kong","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471675","url":null,"abstract":"An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) has multiple degradation mechanisms; it is a challenge to accurately integrating multiple signals to capture the device’s degradation patterns and health state. Therefore, comprehensively characterizing the health state of IGBT and predicting its remaining useful life (RUL) using multiple signals poses a significant challenge. To address this challenge, a RUL prediction method for IGBT based on the deep fusion of nonlinear features from multisource data is proposed. First, the time-domain multifeatures of IGBT degradation data are constructed, and key features are selectively selected; then, dimensionality reduction is performed and these features are fused into health indicators (HIs) to characterize the health level. Second, the health of IGBT is effectively evaluated by unsupervised clustering without data labeling. Third, end-condition monitoring is refined to enable the identification of near-failure state. Finally, deep learning is utilized to provide the accurate and reliable prediction of the RUL of IGBT devices [\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${R}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 are all greater than 0.98, the mean absolute error (MAE) all less than 2.3, and the root mean square error (RMSE) all less than 5.5.]. The results demonstrate that the method effectively integrates multisource information, characterizes the health state of the device, and can more accurately and reliably predict the RUL of IGBT. The proposed method can enhance the scientific basis for the health management of new energy systems such as wind power and photovoltaic systems.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"37531-37543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces the design and implementation of an innovative imaging polarized skylight compass (PSC) based on mechanical rotating components. The device employs a stepper motor to drive the polarizer, facilitating rapid and uniform rotation in front of the camera lens for efficient polarization imaging. The mechanical rotating components are fabricated using 3-D printing technology, which enhances its engineering application capabilities. To mitigate angle errors arising from the rotating mechanism, we propose an optimal robust measurement method based on Newton–Gauss iterations. The method utilizes the intensity images from four distinct polarization directions in consecutive compass output frames to estimate the rotation angle and skylight polarization information. Even in the presence of notable errors in the detected rotation angle, the calculated values of rotation angle, polarization angle, and polarization degree reliably converge to their actual values. To assess the performance of the compass, measurements of actual skylight polarization patterns were conducted and compared with polarizing camera measurements and the predictions based on single-scattering Rayleigh theory. The results affirm the compass’s high sensitivity to detecting polarized skylight. Shipborne experiments under optimal weather conditions illustrate that the compass attains a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.0269° while independently orienting the dynamic heading angle, with an output frequency of 2 Hz. In practical applications, the compass proves capable of providing relatively accurate heading angle information, thus contributing to the advancement of mechanical rotating polarized imaging sensors in the field of polarized navigation.
{"title":"Design of an Imaging Polarized Skylight Compass Using Mechanical Rotation","authors":"Fang Kong;Xiaojing Fan;Xiaohan Guo;Xiaohui Deng;Xiaolong Chen;Yinjing Guo","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3468020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3468020","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces the design and implementation of an innovative imaging polarized skylight compass (PSC) based on mechanical rotating components. The device employs a stepper motor to drive the polarizer, facilitating rapid and uniform rotation in front of the camera lens for efficient polarization imaging. The mechanical rotating components are fabricated using 3-D printing technology, which enhances its engineering application capabilities. To mitigate angle errors arising from the rotating mechanism, we propose an optimal robust measurement method based on Newton–Gauss iterations. The method utilizes the intensity images from four distinct polarization directions in consecutive compass output frames to estimate the rotation angle and skylight polarization information. Even in the presence of notable errors in the detected rotation angle, the calculated values of rotation angle, polarization angle, and polarization degree reliably converge to their actual values. To assess the performance of the compass, measurements of actual skylight polarization patterns were conducted and compared with polarizing camera measurements and the predictions based on single-scattering Rayleigh theory. The results affirm the compass’s high sensitivity to detecting polarized skylight. Shipborne experiments under optimal weather conditions illustrate that the compass attains a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.0269° while independently orienting the dynamic heading angle, with an output frequency of 2 Hz. In practical applications, the compass proves capable of providing relatively accurate heading angle information, thus contributing to the advancement of mechanical rotating polarized imaging sensors in the field of polarized navigation.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"37809-37821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3470995
Yuan Yuan;Tianyao Zhang;Zhaohui Zhang;Xiaoyan Zhao;Xianhao Wu;Shaowen Zheng;Liang Liang;Can Cao
By enhancing light-matter interaction, terahertz (THz) metasurface can significantly improve the performance of THz spectroscopic sensing. Despite their theoretical promise, a robust and practical characterization method for THz metasurface remains urgently needed. This article presents a novel characterization approach for THz metasurface that is resilient to environmental water vapor, enabling ultrahigh frequency selectivity and polarization sensitivity. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using a series of lithography-fabricated split-ring metasurface, theoretically designed to be evenly separated over the 0.6–1.0 THz range. A continuous wave THz frequency-domain spectroscopy system was employed for experimental characterization. Following sophisticated raw photocurrent data processing, ultrahigh frequency resolution (0.05 GHz) spectral characterization was achieved within the frequency range of 0.05 to 1.4 THz. The measured data exhibit linear correlation with the theoretical simulation results, and deviations of the resonance frequencies are less than 0.02 THz. By presenting the characterization results with and without water vapor exhibited in the THz pathway, we demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method in the ambient environment. Furthermore, we incorporated a sample rotating frame into the THz optical path to achieve polarization-sensitive measurements. As the era of 6G integrated sensing and communication approaches, our research significantly advances the practicality of metasurface enhanced THz sensing.
{"title":"Robust Characterization of Terahertz Metasurface Sensor With Ultrahigh Frequency Selectivity and Polarization Sensitivity","authors":"Yuan Yuan;Tianyao Zhang;Zhaohui Zhang;Xiaoyan Zhao;Xianhao Wu;Shaowen Zheng;Liang Liang;Can Cao","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3470995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3470995","url":null,"abstract":"By enhancing light-matter interaction, terahertz (THz) metasurface can significantly improve the performance of THz spectroscopic sensing. Despite their theoretical promise, a robust and practical characterization method for THz metasurface remains urgently needed. This article presents a novel characterization approach for THz metasurface that is resilient to environmental water vapor, enabling ultrahigh frequency selectivity and polarization sensitivity. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using a series of lithography-fabricated split-ring metasurface, theoretically designed to be evenly separated over the 0.6–1.0 THz range. A continuous wave THz frequency-domain spectroscopy system was employed for experimental characterization. Following sophisticated raw photocurrent data processing, ultrahigh frequency resolution (0.05 GHz) spectral characterization was achieved within the frequency range of 0.05 to 1.4 THz. The measured data exhibit linear correlation with the theoretical simulation results, and deviations of the resonance frequencies are less than 0.02 THz. By presenting the characterization results with and without water vapor exhibited in the THz pathway, we demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method in the ambient environment. Furthermore, we incorporated a sample rotating frame into the THz optical path to achieve polarization-sensitive measurements. As the era of 6G integrated sensing and communication approaches, our research significantly advances the practicality of metasurface enhanced THz sensing.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"36706-36713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3452114
Chu Wu;Xu Li;Dong Kong;Yue Hu;Peizhou Ni
Due to the homogeneity of the ground in outdoor scenes, i.e., self-similar textures, it is prone to cause inaccurate or even incorrect match of ground features. This mismatch inevitably introduces additional errors when calculating reprojection function, which in turn degrades the accuracy of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). In this article, we propose a ground-aware decoupled optimized SLAM, called GDO-SLAM, which is essentially a pruning semantics-guided SLAM where a custom ground decoupling optimization module is introduced in the tracking and local mapping threads based on ORB-SLAM2. Essentially, the optimization module is a decoupling constraint that adds the weights of vertical observations of ground features and reduces the weights of horizontal observations in the reprojection error function. Specifically, we design a novel ground segmentation network that achieves an optimal balance between accuracy and real-time performance, and verify its ground category IoU of 98.6% on the urban landscape dataset. Extensive experiments on both the public KITTI dataset and our self-collected dataset demonstrate that our proposed ground-aware decoupling optimized SLAM (GDO-SLAM) outperforms the representative baseline ORB-SLAM2 in terms of translation and rotation accuracy by 7.5% and 8.3%, respectively.
{"title":"GDO-SLAM: Visual-Based Ground-Aware Decoupling Optimized SLAM for UGV in Outdoor Environments","authors":"Chu Wu;Xu Li;Dong Kong;Yue Hu;Peizhou Ni","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3452114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3452114","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the homogeneity of the ground in outdoor scenes, i.e., self-similar textures, it is prone to cause inaccurate or even incorrect match of ground features. This mismatch inevitably introduces additional errors when calculating reprojection function, which in turn degrades the accuracy of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). In this article, we propose a ground-aware decoupled optimized SLAM, called GDO-SLAM, which is essentially a pruning semantics-guided SLAM where a custom ground decoupling optimization module is introduced in the tracking and local mapping threads based on ORB-SLAM2. Essentially, the optimization module is a decoupling constraint that adds the weights of vertical observations of ground features and reduces the weights of horizontal observations in the reprojection error function. Specifically, we design a novel ground segmentation network that achieves an optimal balance between accuracy and real-time performance, and verify its ground category IoU of 98.6% on the urban landscape dataset. Extensive experiments on both the public KITTI dataset and our self-collected dataset demonstrate that our proposed ground-aware decoupling optimized SLAM (GDO-SLAM) outperforms the representative baseline ORB-SLAM2 in terms of translation and rotation accuracy by 7.5% and 8.3%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"37218-37228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the driving performance of vehicles, it is of great significance to study the changes in the driver’s brain cognition during driving and to establish an intelligent driving computational framework based on the cognitive process. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an effective means to study driver cognition because of its low cost, high temporal resolution, and different cognitive state information. The application of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology based on EEG signals to driver assistance systems has the potential to transform the way humans interact with vehicles. It can also help intelligent vehicles to understand and predict driver’s behavior and to enhance the cognitive ability of vehicles. This article reviews the research on theorizing and modeling driver cognitive processes based on cognitive architectures (e.g., adaptive control for thoughtful rationality (ACT-R), queuing network (QN), and Soar) and proposes an EEG-based driver cognitive architecture. Then, according to the relationship between the modules of this proposed driver cognitive architecture, the driver’s perception of stationary and hazardous scenarios in the driving environment, the understanding of the driver’s intention to control the longitudinal and lateral movements of the vehicle, and the influence of driver’s working memory as well as human factors, such as fatigue, distraction, and emotion on driving performance based on EEG signals, are reviewed. The integration of EEG signals with cognitive modeling has the potential to improve the accuracy of driver perception, intention, and cognitive state prediction, thereby enhancing vehicle safety.
{"title":"Driver Cognitive Architecture Based on EEG Signals: A Review","authors":"Peiwen Mi;Lirong Yan;Yu Cheng;Yan Liu;Jun Wang;Muhammad Usman Shoukat;Fuwu Yan;Guofeng Qin;Peng Han;Yikang Zhai","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471699","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the driving performance of vehicles, it is of great significance to study the changes in the driver’s brain cognition during driving and to establish an intelligent driving computational framework based on the cognitive process. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an effective means to study driver cognition because of its low cost, high temporal resolution, and different cognitive state information. The application of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology based on EEG signals to driver assistance systems has the potential to transform the way humans interact with vehicles. It can also help intelligent vehicles to understand and predict driver’s behavior and to enhance the cognitive ability of vehicles. This article reviews the research on theorizing and modeling driver cognitive processes based on cognitive architectures (e.g., adaptive control for thoughtful rationality (ACT-R), queuing network (QN), and Soar) and proposes an EEG-based driver cognitive architecture. Then, according to the relationship between the modules of this proposed driver cognitive architecture, the driver’s perception of stationary and hazardous scenarios in the driving environment, the understanding of the driver’s intention to control the longitudinal and lateral movements of the vehicle, and the influence of driver’s working memory as well as human factors, such as fatigue, distraction, and emotion on driving performance based on EEG signals, are reviewed. The integration of EEG signals with cognitive modeling has the potential to improve the accuracy of driver perception, intention, and cognitive state prediction, thereby enhancing vehicle safety.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"36261-36286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A successful automatic control was developed using Arduino and ESP32 microcontrollers to operate a low-cost prototype bioreactor, which resulted in the effective production of biobutanol. The system maintained a temperature of 30.70 °C, an average pH of 6.61, and effectively reduced oxygen levels to 0% v/v within 130 s. The highest cell concentration was $1.26 times 10^{{8}}$ CFU/mL, and GC-FID analysis showed acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) concentrations of 0.3925, 0.05304, and 1.1184 g/L, respectively. In addition, a sample collector was designed to collect samples with a precision of $10 ; pm ; 1$ mL and a time deviation of $2 ; pm ; 13$ s. In terms of the cloud system, NETPIE was used for device management. It can effectively display real-time conditions and control equipment as required. Google Sheets collected 43 200 data points for each parameter for data analysis and observation. Moreover, the Line application was applied for message notification when a sample was collected. The cost of the automated prototype bioreactor was U.S. ${$}$ 1093.61 for a 10-L production volume, and the automated sample was U.S. ${$}$ 210.99 for 24 tubes, with a maximum volume capacity of 15 mL. Therefore, both the automated bioreactor and the sample collector system were effective for control and monitoring, contributing to improve the biobutanol production process.
{"title":"Effective IoT-Based Arduino Design for Automated Bioreactor Control and Sample Collection in Biobutanol Production","authors":"Eakkachai Klaithin;Vissavakawn Matimapa-Kay;Wachira Daosud;Yanisa Laoonguthai","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3469273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3469273","url":null,"abstract":"A successful automatic control was developed using Arduino and ESP32 microcontrollers to operate a low-cost prototype bioreactor, which resulted in the effective production of biobutanol. The system maintained a temperature of 30.70 °C, an average pH of 6.61, and effectively reduced oxygen levels to 0% v/v within 130 s. The highest cell concentration was \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.26 times 10^{{8}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 CFU/mL, and GC-FID analysis showed acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) concentrations of 0.3925, 0.05304, and 1.1184 g/L, respectively. In addition, a sample collector was designed to collect samples with a precision of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$10 ; pm ; 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mL and a time deviation of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2 ; pm ; 13$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 s. In terms of the cloud system, NETPIE was used for device management. It can effectively display real-time conditions and control equipment as required. Google Sheets collected 43 200 data points for each parameter for data analysis and observation. Moreover, the Line application was applied for message notification when a sample was collected. The cost of the automated prototype bioreactor was U.S. \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${$}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00001093.61 for a 10-L production volume, and the automated sample was U.S. \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${$}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000210.99 for 24 tubes, with a maximum volume capacity of 15 mL. Therefore, both the automated bioreactor and the sample collector system were effective for control and monitoring, contributing to improve the biobutanol production process.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"37997-38004"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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