Advanced Sensor and Energy Materials最新文献

Nanomaterials have become an important research topic in recent years due to the advantages they provide. Nanoparticles, which can be especially applied in many areas of industry, also come to the fore as sensor materials. Potentiometry-based devices offer significant advantages including wide concentration range, short response time, low cost, low detection limit, high selectivity and sensitivity. These important advantages allow potentiometric devices to be successfully applied in many fields such as food, environmental monitoring, medicine, pharmacy, industry and agriculture. In this mini review, we present a perspective on sensor and biosensor devices prepared with the unique properties of nanoparticles and potentiometry technique.

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for rapid detection methods, leading to the proliferation of biosensors, particularly electrochemical biosensors, which have garnered substantial attention from researchers. The fusion of biosensors with advanced electrochemical sensing technology has given rise to a diverse array of electrochemical biosensors characterized by their rapid detection capabilities and heightened sensitivity. Consequently, an imperative exists to comprehensively recapitulate recent advances in electrochemical biosensors, especially within the realm of clinical medicine. This review aims to elucidate the applications of electrochemical biosensors and delineate future development prospects, facilitating a more profound comprehension and further progression of this field. Specifically, we will examine the utilization of electrochemical biosensors in clinical medicine, encompassing their roles in point-of-care testing, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Moreover, we will spotlight emerging trends and prospective innovations, such as the evolution of nanostructured sensors and portable devices. By providing a comprehensive overview of the advances and potential applications of electrochemical biosensors in clinical medicine, this review will significantly contribute to the advancement of this field and serve as a catalyst for further research into innovative detection tools.

MXenes, a two-dimensional transition metal carbide, nitride, and carbonitride family, have received a lot of interest in recent years due to their unique properties and diverse applications. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the applications and electrochemical characteristics of MXenes, providing a nuanced viewpoint on their potential impact in various fields. MXenes have a large surface area, high electrical conductivity, and variable surface chemistry, making them appealing candidates for energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and electronic device applications. The electrochemical characteristics of MXenes are fully investigated, including charge storage capacity and ion diffusion kinetics, highlighting their usefulness for supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and other energy storage devices. Furthermore, this study digs into the interactions of MXenes with various electrolytes, offering insight into the obstacles and potential related to their practical application. The review also discusses the strategies employed to modify MXene properties and enhance their performance in surface chemistries across various energy storage devices and bio/sensor and clarify the correlations between their electrochemical properties and the required functions. Ultimately, this work provides a comprehensive outlook on the current state of MXene research, emphasizing the potentially transformative role of these materials in advancing technology across various domains.

Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) are nanocomposites that can be synthesized by the hydrothermal method. In this work, N-CQDs with the size of 3.2 ± 1.7 nm was prepared from 1 g citric acid and 2 g urea precursor in 10 mL water. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the prepared N-CQDs with K₂S₂O₈ as a coreactant was found to reach a high ECL efficiency up to 109% relative to that of the Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/K₂S₂O₈, coreactant system, revealing their great potential for electroanalysis. It is probably because that N elements were doped well in this N-CQDs and increased presence of surface states per mass of N-CQDs. From the spooling ECL spectroscopy, it can be found that the ECL spectra exhibited both a red shift compared with their photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and a wavelength shift during the potentiodynamic scan in the ECL evolution and devolution processes, due to various emissive excited states of N-CQDs leading to higher ECL efficiency. This work gives an insight into development of high ECL efficiency N-CQDs for bioanalytical and light emitting applications.

Highly contagious COVID-19 disease is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which poses a serious threat to global public health. Therefore, the development of a fast and reliable method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is an urgent research need. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂–Au is enriched with a variety of functional groups, which can be used to fabricate a sensitive electrochemical biosensor by biofunctionalization with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Accordingly, we developed a novel electrochemical sensor by chemically modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with Fe₃O₄@SiO₂–Au nanocomposites (hereafter Fe₃O₄@SiO₂–Au/GCE) for the rapid detection of S-protein spiked SARS-CoV-2 by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The new electrochemical sensor has a low limit detection (viz., 4.78 pg/mL) and a wide linear dynamic range (viz., 0.1 ng/mL to 10 μg/mL) for detecting the EIS response signal of S-protein. The robust Fe₃O₄@SiO₂–Au/GCE biosensor has high selectivity, stability, and reproducibility for the detection of S-protein with good recovery of saliva samples.

Among the semiconductor photocatalytic materials, zinc oxide (ZnO)-based composites show promising research prospects in the field of environmental and biomedical materials due to their simple preparation, low cost, high photocatalytic performance, excellent physical stability and biocompatibility. Therefore, this review summarizes the preparation and application of ZnO-based composites with high catalytic performance. Firstly, the modification strategies of ZnO by researchers in recent years are reviewed, including non-metal doping, metal doping, noble metal deposition, compounding with semiconductors and other surface modification methods. Subsequently, the applications of photocatalytic ZnO-based composites in biomedicine (antibacterial, anticancer, biosensing, etc.), environmental pollution and other fields in the last five years are presented. Finally, the challenges faced by the future development of ZnO-based composites in various fields are discussed. We hope that this review will provide ideas for the design and development of efficient photocatalysts based on ZnO-based composites in further applications.

The carbon dioxide electroreduction reaction (CO₂RR) represents a sustainable way to store intermittent renewable energy in a manner that generates virtually zero net emissions, yet the energy efficiency remains a significant bottleneck due to its sluggish kinetics and complex reaction pathways. There is a strong demand for highly efficient electrocatalysts that can achieve high energy and Faradaic efficiency, as well as rapid conversion. Among various developed CO₂RR catalysts, nickel-based materials have garnered increasing attention due to their outstanding performance and low cost. In this review, the relevant CO₂RR mechanisms are firstly discussed in detail. Following this, several typical Ni-based catalysts including Ni-based complexes catalysts, nanoparticles and alloys, Ni-based compounds, and atomically dispersed Ni catalysts are summarized. The preparation strategies for industrial level electrocatalysts are also highlighted in this review. Finally, the opportunities, challenges and future outlooks of CO₂RR technology are summarized. This review introduces the recent advances and frontiers of nickel-based CO₂RR catalysts, which enlightens the path for further exploration of highly efficient CO₂RR electrocatalysts.

A conductive polymer-supported electrocatalyst in the form of fibrous mat has been developed that can be employed as a polymer-based electrode for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) with promoting effects to the state-of-the art Pd based catalysts. A series of conductive polyaniline (PANI)-containing polymer fibres-supported Pd electrocatalytic electrodes were successfully prepared and tested for the ethanol electro-oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline medium. The polymer support was a robust fibrous mat, where the fibres possessed a core-shell configuration. The core part was produced via electrospinning using a mixture of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIm]Cl ionic liquid (IL). The shell was a PANI layer deposited via the chemical polymerisation of aniline monomer. Pd was then electrodeposited on the fibres and the catalysts were tested for the EOR via cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a half-cell configuration and in a temperature range between 25 and 60 °C. The activity of the catalysts tested was measured in terms of activation energy and forward peak current density in the CV and compared to that of glassy carbon (GC)-supported Pd/PANI/PAN/IL fibrous catalysts. The polymer fibre-catalyst samples showed a higher active surface area and significantly lower activation energy than the GC-based ones. Even though the GC-supported catalysts showed a higher activity in terms of current, the Pd/(PAN/IL)-core/PANI-shell fibrous mats were active as well and, in some cases, demonstrated a promoting effect of PANI on Pd for EOR and a much better stability and robustness compared to the former. Furthermore, a series of promoting metals were investigated for these mats, such as Ag, Bi and Cu, with Ag and Bi demonstrating promoting effects compared to monometallic Pd/(PAN/IL)-core/PANI-shell mats in terms of both activation energy and peak current density. This work demonstrates a promising strategy in the arena of development of polymeric mats as anode electrodes for DEFCs, exploiting the benefits of PANI in terms of ease of synthesis, catalyst poisoning prevention, cost and promoting effects.