Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100187
Nisha S.A. , Santhoshkumar R.
In the present study the effects of various parameters, including age of the culm, different heights of the culm and positions across the culm wall on the fibre characteristics of Ochlandra wightii were examined. The variation in fibre length, fibre width, lumen diameter and fibre wall thickness were recorded. Biometric properties such as the Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio and shape factor were analysed. Younger bamboo culms (below 1 year to 1–3 years) are better suited for pulp and paper production because of their desirable fibre qualities. The fibres of mature bamboo (more than 3 years) were less pliable, thicker and stiffer, reducing their suitability for use in papermaking.
{"title":"Effect of growth parameters on fibre traits of Ochlandra wightii (Munro) C.E.C. Fisch.: Variation with age of culms, height of culms and wall layers of culms","authors":"Nisha S.A. , Santhoshkumar R.","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study the effects of various parameters, including age of the culm, different heights of the culm and positions across the culm wall on the fibre characteristics of <em>Ochlandra wightii</em> were examined. The variation in fibre length, fibre width, lumen diameter and fibre wall thickness were recorded. Biometric properties such as the Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio and shape factor were analysed. Younger bamboo culms (below 1 year to 1–3 years) are better suited for pulp and paper production because of their desirable fibre qualities. The fibres of mature bamboo (more than 3 years) were less pliable, thicker and stiffer, reducing their suitability for use in papermaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100195
Abraham Orianegbena Osezuah, Ifeyinwa Ijeoma Obianyo, Abdulganiyu Sanusi, Anthony Muoka, Assia Abuobakar Mahamat, Abubakar Dayyabu
The incidence and severity of climate-related problems such as flooding, erosion and extreme heat are increasing across the globe. Such problems are in part attributed to the construction industry’s dependency on high CO2-emission materials such as concrete and steel. Although there is a range of alternative materials, such as bamboo, which are in abundant supply, have low carbon footprints and are great thermal insulators, their use is quite low in Nigeria. We investigated how bamboo, specifically Bambusa vulgaris, from Abuja, Nigeria, could help meet the demands of building construction while being resilient to climate change. Laboratory tests were done to establish the physical, mechanical and durability properties of bamboo to evaluate its performance under different environmental conditions. Average water absorption percentages for fresh and dry bamboo samples were determined to be 16.0 % and 19.1 %, respectively, with moisture content averaging at 28.0 % and 17.7 %, respectively. The dry specimens had the greatest tensile strength, with a value of 84.8 MPa. The average compressive strengths were 13.7 MPa and 16.6 MPa for fresh and dry bamboo samples, respectively. We provide quantitative information on the physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa vulgaris, demonstrating its structural performance and environmental impact as well as its sustainability and potential ability to counteract the negative effects of climate change. Our research will assist in the formulation of building regulations and standards in addition to encouraging the use of bamboo in eco–friendly construction uses.
{"title":"Physical, mechanical and durability properties of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl.: implications for sustainable construction in Nigeria","authors":"Abraham Orianegbena Osezuah, Ifeyinwa Ijeoma Obianyo, Abdulganiyu Sanusi, Anthony Muoka, Assia Abuobakar Mahamat, Abubakar Dayyabu","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence and severity of climate-related problems such as flooding, erosion and extreme heat are increasing across the globe. Such problems are in part attributed to the construction industry’s dependency on high CO<sub>2</sub>-emission materials such as concrete and steel. Although there is a range of alternative materials, such as bamboo, which are in abundant supply, have low carbon footprints and are great thermal insulators, their use is quite low in Nigeria. We investigated how bamboo, specifically <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em>, from Abuja, Nigeria, could help meet the demands of building construction while being resilient to climate change. Laboratory tests were done to establish the physical, mechanical and durability properties of bamboo to evaluate its performance under different environmental conditions. Average water absorption percentages for fresh and dry bamboo samples were determined to be 16.0 % and 19.1 %, respectively, with moisture content averaging at 28.0 % and 17.7 %, respectively. The dry specimens had the greatest tensile strength, with a value of 84.8 MPa. The average compressive strengths were 13.7 MPa and 16.6 MPa for fresh and dry bamboo samples, respectively. We provide quantitative information on the physical and mechanical properties of <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em>, demonstrating its structural performance and environmental impact as well as its sustainability and potential ability to counteract the negative effects of climate change. Our research will assist in the formulation of building regulations and standards in addition to encouraging the use of bamboo in eco–friendly construction uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100193
Fabiano Ostapiv , Gabriel Ostapiv , João Francisco Santos Quadros , Mario Muniz Tagliari
The production of bamboo charcoal in minimum viable reactors, made from reused paint cans and placed inside wood-burning stoves, represents an innovative and frugal solution for carbon sequestration in the form of biochar. We explore the potential of this approach in Brazil, a country with a strong tradition of using wood-burning stoves for cooking, and then discuss the implications of domestic biochar production for mitigating global warming. We also examine the social, environmental and agricultural benefits of small-scale bamboo biochar production in wood-burning stoves, including the use of the biochar as a fertilizer for gardens and backyards through soil incorporation, aimed at enhancing fertility and storing carbon over long periods. Each batch produced an average of 80 g of bamboo biochar with a carbonization time of 30 min. Based on the projection of 14 million Brazilian households using wood stoves, if this simple yet efficient technology was adopted it could sequester more than 200,000 tonnes of carbon annually in the form of biochar.
{"title":"A minimum viable reactor for pyrolysis in wood-burning stoves: Bamboo biochar as a potential social alternative in Brazil for domestic fertilizer production and carbon sequestration","authors":"Fabiano Ostapiv , Gabriel Ostapiv , João Francisco Santos Quadros , Mario Muniz Tagliari","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of bamboo charcoal in minimum viable reactors, made from reused paint cans and placed inside wood-burning stoves, represents an innovative and frugal solution for carbon sequestration in the form of biochar. We explore the potential of this approach in Brazil, a country with a strong tradition of using wood-burning stoves for cooking, and then discuss the implications of domestic biochar production for mitigating global warming. We also examine the social, environmental and agricultural benefits of small-scale bamboo biochar production in wood-burning stoves, including the use of the biochar as a fertilizer for gardens and backyards through soil incorporation, aimed at enhancing fertility and storing carbon over long periods. Each batch produced an average of 80 g of bamboo biochar with a carbonization time of 30 min. Based on the projection of 14 million Brazilian households using wood stoves, if this simple yet efficient technology was adopted it could sequester more than 200,000 tonnes of carbon annually in the form of biochar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100194
Wenshuo Wang , Meng Zhang , Lei Gu , Chunyu Pan , Yichen Huang , Yun Shen , Guomo Zhou
Switching to bamboo cutlery in food delivery could reduce plastic pollution and associated carbon emissions in the life cycles. Current bamboo cutlery studies focus on comparing either disposable or reusable types with plastics but lack systematic comparisons of both types against plastics. This study fills that gap by using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to analyze and compare the carbon emissions of disposable and reusable bamboo cutlery versus plastic cutlery in food delivery scenarios. Under a single-use scenario, both disposable and some reusable bamboo cutlery items exhibited lower global warming potential (GWP) than plastic cutlery. Notably, reusable bamboo knives and forks reached break-even points with their plastic counterparts after only two uses. Sensitivity analysis showed that the GWP of disposable bamboo cutlery was most sensitive to energy consumption during processing (30.2 %), while for reusable bamboo cutlery, the use phase had the greatest impact (42.9 %). The emission reduction pathway scenario demonstrated that optimization of electricity supply during processing had a relatively limited effect due to constraints in China’s renewable energy share. In the context of food delivery, both disposable and reusable bamboo cutlery show strong potential as substitutes for plastic. For reusable products, ensuring sufficient frequency of use and improving recovery rates are key to maximizing environmental benefits. This study provides scientific evidence and data support for policymakers to enhance the “Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic” strategy and promote sustainable development in the food delivery industry.
{"title":"Potential climate benefits of using bamboo cutlery as a substitute for plastic in the food delivery service","authors":"Wenshuo Wang , Meng Zhang , Lei Gu , Chunyu Pan , Yichen Huang , Yun Shen , Guomo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Switching to bamboo cutlery in food delivery could reduce plastic pollution and associated carbon emissions in the life cycles. Current bamboo cutlery studies focus on comparing either disposable or reusable types with plastics but lack systematic comparisons of both types against plastics. This study fills that gap by using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to analyze and compare the carbon emissions of disposable and reusable bamboo cutlery versus plastic cutlery in food delivery scenarios. Under a single-use scenario, both disposable and some reusable bamboo cutlery items exhibited lower global warming potential (GWP) than plastic cutlery. Notably, reusable bamboo knives and forks reached break-even points with their plastic counterparts after only two uses. Sensitivity analysis showed that the GWP of disposable bamboo cutlery was most sensitive to energy consumption during processing (30.2 %), while for reusable bamboo cutlery, the use phase had the greatest impact (42.9 %). The emission reduction pathway scenario demonstrated that optimization of electricity supply during processing had a relatively limited effect due to constraints in China’s renewable energy share. In the context of food delivery, both disposable and reusable bamboo cutlery show strong potential as substitutes for plastic. For reusable products, ensuring sufficient frequency of use and improving recovery rates are key to maximizing environmental benefits. This study provides scientific evidence and data support for policymakers to enhance the “Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic” strategy and promote sustainable development in the food delivery industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100189
Haonan Ding , Xiaolong Li , Tiancheng Yuan , Yanjun Li
To ensure bamboo-based composites can withstand harsh environments, it is important to develop superhydrophobic and mildew-resistant coatings for the surfaces of the product. Achieving these functions on bamboo surfaces remains a challenging research problem. We applied a phytic acid (PA)-based hybrid coating to bamboo surfaces using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, and superhydrophobicity was further enhanced through modification with low surface energy substances. Scanning electron microscopy-Energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) mapping results initially confirmed the successful creation of a microscale structure with improved hierarchical roughness on the bamboo surface. Following modification with octadecylamine (OA), the polyethyleneimine (PEI)/PA-Fe3 + /OA/Bamboo demonstrated outstanding superhydrophobic performance, with a water contact angle reaching 151° and remaining above 150° without significant change over 2 min. Despite undergoing abrasion, scratch and tape peel tests, the PEI/PA-Fe3+/OA/Bamboo maintained high hydrophobicity, with a water contact angle remaining above 140°. Finally, phytic acid-based hybrid metal coordination complexes created a dense protective coating on the bamboo surface. This coating both prevented Aspergillus niger from accessing internal nutrients and inhibited its adhesion to the bamboo surface. Thus, the successful application of the superhydrophobic coating enhanced the mildew resistance of bamboo.
{"title":"Phytic acid-based superhydrophobic coating endows bamboo with excellent water and mildew repellent properties","authors":"Haonan Ding , Xiaolong Li , Tiancheng Yuan , Yanjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To ensure bamboo-based composites can withstand harsh environments, it is important to develop superhydrophobic and mildew-resistant coatings for the surfaces of the product. Achieving these functions on bamboo surfaces remains a challenging research problem. We applied a phytic acid (PA)-based hybrid coating to bamboo surfaces using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, and superhydrophobicity was further enhanced through modification with low surface energy substances. Scanning electron microscopy-Energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) mapping results initially confirmed the successful creation of a microscale structure with improved hierarchical roughness on the bamboo surface. Following modification with octadecylamine (OA), the polyethyleneimine (PEI)/PA-Fe<sup>3 +</sup> /OA/Bamboo demonstrated outstanding superhydrophobic performance, with a water contact angle reaching 151° and remaining above 150° without significant change over 2 min. Despite undergoing abrasion, scratch and tape peel tests, the PEI/PA-Fe<sup>3+</sup>/OA/Bamboo maintained high hydrophobicity, with a water contact angle remaining above 140°. Finally, phytic acid-based hybrid metal coordination complexes created a dense protective coating on the bamboo surface. This coating both prevented <em>Aspergillus niger</em> from accessing internal nutrients and inhibited its adhesion to the bamboo surface. Thus, the successful application of the superhydrophobic coating enhanced the mildew resistance of bamboo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100190
Pramod Ghimire, Uchita Lamichhane
Despite growing interest in bamboo’s role in climate mitigation, the influence of elevation on the carbon storage potential of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii in non-forest areas remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we estimated its biomass carbon stock across four elevation zones (200–400 m, 400–600 m, 600–800 m, and 800–1000 m) in areas outside the forest in the Chure region, Central Nepal. Altogether 44 square sample plots, each 100 m2 in area, were established. We utilized purposive sampling and non-destructive methods to measure bamboo culm diameters. Soil samples were taken from two soil depths: 0–5 cm and 16–30 cm using soil augers and core samplers. Findings showed a notable difference in average culm diameter, clump density and carbon sequestration potential across the elevation range. Clump density (418 ha−1) and culm diameter (6.02 ± 0.26 cm) were higher at the 400–600 m elevation range. The total average C stock in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii was higher (86.41 M gha−1) at the 400–600 m range, declining to 59.29 Mg ha−1 at the 800–1000 m range. This study showed a significant difference in both aboveground C stock (AGCS) and soil organic carbon (SOC) along different elevation ranges (p < 0.001). Thus the findings highlight the promising role of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees in C stock enhancement for climate mitigation in Nepal.
{"title":"Carbon storage potential of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees outside forest across different elevation ranges in central Nepal","authors":"Pramod Ghimire, Uchita Lamichhane","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite growing interest in bamboo’s role in climate mitigation, the influence of elevation on the carbon storage potential of <em>Dendrocalamus hamiltonii</em> in non-forest areas remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we estimated its biomass carbon stock across four elevation zones (200–400 m, 400–600 m, 600–800 m, and 800–1000 m) in areas outside the forest in the Chure region, Central Nepal. Altogether 44 square sample plots, each 100 m<sup>2</sup> in area, were established. We utilized purposive sampling and non-destructive methods to measure bamboo culm diameters. Soil samples were taken from two soil depths: 0–5 cm and 16–30 cm using soil augers and core samplers. Findings showed a notable difference in average culm diameter, clump density and carbon sequestration potential across the elevation range. Clump density (418 ha<sup>−1</sup>) and culm diameter (6.02 ± 0.26 cm) were higher at the 400–600 m elevation range. The total average C stock in <em>Dendrocalamus hamiltonii</em> was higher (86.41 M gha<sup>−1</sup>) at the 400–600 m range, declining to 59.29 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> at the 800–1000 m range. This study showed a significant difference in both aboveground C stock (AGCS) and soil organic carbon (SOC) along different elevation ranges (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Thus the findings highlight the promising role of <em>Dendrocalamus hamiltonii</em> Nees in C stock enhancement for climate mitigation in Nepal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100186
Yishan Chen , Huayu Tian , Tao Lin , Yipeng Liang , Enfu Wang , Wenzhu Li , Jingda Huang , Xiaolong Fang , Wenbiao Zhang
Bamboo-activated carbon prepared from low-ash prickly bamboo charcoal could promote the diversified development of the bamboo charcoal industry and realize the high value-added and high-level application of prickly bamboo material. In this study, the water vapor activation method was first used to investigate the effects of activation temperature, activation time and water vapor flux on the performance of bamboo activated carbon. Its optimal activation process parameters (activation reaction temperature of 875 ℃, activation reaction time of 2 h, and activation reaction water vapor flux of 0.50 L·h−1) were then determined. The effect of NaOH impregnation modification of activated carbon on its adsorption performance was also investigated to determine its optimal modification process (NaOH solution concentration of 5 mol·L−1, impregnation temperature of 55 ℃, impregnation time of 6 h). After modification, the adsorption performance of bamboo activated carbon was greatly improved. The following adsorption values were obtained: 1225.7 mg·g−1 for iodine, 365.6 mg·g−1 and 280.6 mg·g−1, respectively, for the dynamic and static adsorption of formaldehyde, 273.47 mg·g−1 and 361.79 mg·g−1 respectively for the dynamic and static adsorption of toluene and 298.19 mg·g−1 for VOCs. This study provides a theoretical basis and technological support for the use of prickly bamboo-activated carbon in the field of gas-phase adsorption.
{"title":"Study on the properties of activated carbon based on activation process and NaOH modification","authors":"Yishan Chen , Huayu Tian , Tao Lin , Yipeng Liang , Enfu Wang , Wenzhu Li , Jingda Huang , Xiaolong Fang , Wenbiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo-activated carbon prepared from low-ash prickly bamboo charcoal could promote the diversified development of the bamboo charcoal industry and realize the high value-added and high-level application of prickly bamboo material. In this study, the water vapor activation method was first used to investigate the effects of activation temperature, activation time and water vapor flux on the performance of bamboo activated carbon. Its optimal activation process parameters (activation reaction temperature of 875 ℃, activation reaction time of 2 h, and activation reaction water vapor flux of 0.50 L·h<sup>−1</sup>) were then determined. The effect of NaOH impregnation modification of activated carbon on its adsorption performance was also investigated to determine its optimal modification process (NaOH solution concentration of 5 mol·L<sup>−1</sup>, impregnation temperature of 55 ℃, impregnation time of 6 h). After modification, the adsorption performance of bamboo activated carbon was greatly improved. The following adsorption values were obtained: 1225.7 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> for iodine, 365.6 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> and 280.6 mg·g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, for the dynamic and static adsorption of formaldehyde, 273.47 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> and 361.79 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> respectively for the dynamic and static adsorption of toluene and 298.19 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> for VOCs. This study provides a theoretical basis and technological support for the use of prickly bamboo-activated carbon in the field of gas-phase adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100188
Meghna Thapa, Vipin Parkash, Ranjna Kaundal, Supriti Paul
Fungal endophytes are crucial in maintaining ecosystem balance and enhancing host plant growth. The roots, stems and leaves of hill bamboo (bamboo and ringal species) collected from four different sites of the Garhwal hills, Uttarakhand, were sampled for the presence of endophytic fungi. A total of 111 endophytic fungal strains representing 11 genera were isolated from 304 segments. The endophytes belonged to the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Ascomycota was the dominant group, representing 91.6 %, while Basidiomycota represented 8.3 %. Fusarium oxysporum was the dominant endophyte (18.7 %) among sites, while within the plant parts, Pochonia chlamydosporia dominated (26.6 %), followed by Nigrospora sphaerica (18.6 %). Among sites, the colonization frequency of F. oxysporum was higher (8.3 %) while Angiospora montagnei (1.94 %) had the least colonization frequency. The diversity and species richness of culturable endophytic fungi were found to be higher in the Haridwar site. Within the plant parts, the diversity and species richness were greater in the stems. Nigrospora sphaerica and Rhizoctonia solani species were isolated from three sites, while N. sphaerica was isolated from all the studied plant parts. The isolation of fungal endophytes from hill bamboo was carried out for the first time in India. Throughout their life cycles, fungal endophytes protect the host through parasitism, antibiosis and competition. They also act as a plant growth promoter by synthesizing phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins. Therefore, endophytes can be used as effective plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents, thus promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry practices.
{"title":"Diversity and distribution of endophytic fungi in hill bamboos of the Garhwal Hills, India","authors":"Meghna Thapa, Vipin Parkash, Ranjna Kaundal, Supriti Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal endophytes are crucial in maintaining ecosystem balance and enhancing host plant growth. The roots, stems and leaves of hill bamboo (bamboo and ringal species) collected from four different sites of the Garhwal hills, Uttarakhand, were sampled for the presence of endophytic fungi. A total of 111 endophytic fungal strains representing 11 genera were isolated from 304 segments. The endophytes belonged to the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Ascomycota was the dominant group, representing 91.6 %, while Basidiomycota represented 8.3 %. <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> was the dominant endophyte (18.7 %) among sites, while within the plant parts, <em>Pochonia chlamydosporia</em> dominated (26.6 %), followed by <em>Nigrospora sphaerica</em> (18.6 %). Among sites, the colonization frequency of <em>F. oxysporum</em> was higher (8.3 %) while <em>Angiospora montagnei</em> (1.94 %) had the least colonization frequency. The diversity and species richness of culturable endophytic fungi were found to be higher in the Haridwar site. Within the plant parts, the diversity and species richness were greater in the stems. <em>Nigrospora sphaerica</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> species were isolated from three sites, while <em>N. sphaerica</em> was isolated from all the studied plant parts. The isolation of fungal endophytes from hill bamboo was carried out for the first time in India. Throughout their life cycles, fungal endophytes protect the host through parasitism, antibiosis and competition. They also act as a plant growth promoter by synthesizing phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins. Therefore, endophytes can be used as effective plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents, thus promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied the effects of hybrid bamboo leaf particulate (BLp), alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) concentrations on structural, mechanical, physical and wear properties of Al-based biocomposites. BLp was subjected to alkali and thermal treatment to improve its surface morphology, distribution and interaction with the Al-based alloy. The composites were made using a double layer feeding stir casting method, with reinforcements added at 2 and 4 wt% concentrations and hybrid concentrations after carbonisation. The BLPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX). The corrosion study of Al-7Mg-3Si-1.5Ni/Al2O3/ZrO2/BLA biocomposites was conducted in a 1 M HCl solution, and the effects of solution temperature and immersion time were investigated using weight loss measurements at 303 K and immersion times of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h. FTIR spectroscopy revealed changes in BLp functional groups and molecular structure following treatment, whereas SEM and OM analysis revealed changes in particle distribution and elemental composition, indicating that the thermochemical treatment altered the crystallinity, distribution and orientation of particulate matter while improving particle surface roughness and mechanical interlocking matter. The mechanical properties of the biocomposites showed improvements in ultimate tensile strength, hardness, impact and wear resistance, with a maximum tensile strength of 235.17 MPa, hardness of 110.6 BHN, impact of 62.3 J, and a lower wear rate of 2.82 × 10−4 mm3/mm (64.08 % decrease). Density and porosity analysis revealed changes in biocomposites structure and compaction after treatment and reinforcement, with hybrid Al2O3/ZrO2/BLA reinforced Al-based biocomposites recording the highest density value of 2.80 g/cm3 due to increased wettability and their porous-free structure. The difference in theoretical and experimental density values indicates the presence of porosity, with % porosity values ranging from 0.4 to 1.11. Reinforcements improved particle dispersion in biocomposites, but their effect was further enhanced in hybrid and varied systems. The hybrid Al-7Mg-3Si-1.5Ni/Al2O3/ZrO2/BLA biocomposites outperformed single additions of Al2O3, ZrO2 and BLA. This suggests that using alkali-treated BLp and hybrid plant-based reinforcing with high-temperature metallic materials (Al2O3 and ZrO2) can significantly improve the mechanical, structural and wear properties of Al-based biocomposites.
{"title":"Enhancing mechanical, structural and wear properties of Al-Mg-Si-Ni-based biocomposites: Additives of hybrid high-temperature materials and bamboo leaf particulates","authors":"J.L. Chukwuneke , I.E. Digitemie , C.H. Achebe , C. Unegbu , H.C. Olisakwe , A.U. Madumere , T.O. Nwokeocha , O.K. Osazuwa","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied the effects of hybrid bamboo leaf particulate (BLp), alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and zirconia (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations on structural, mechanical, physical and wear properties of Al-based biocomposites. BLp was subjected to alkali and thermal treatment to improve its surface morphology, distribution and interaction with the Al-based alloy. The composites were made using a double layer feeding stir casting method, with reinforcements added at 2 and 4 wt% concentrations and hybrid concentrations after carbonisation. The BLPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX). The corrosion study of Al-7Mg-3Si-1.5Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub>/BLA biocomposites was conducted in a 1 M HCl solution, and the effects of solution temperature and immersion time were investigated using weight loss measurements at 303 K and immersion times of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h. FTIR spectroscopy revealed changes in BLp functional groups and molecular structure following treatment, whereas SEM and OM analysis revealed changes in particle distribution and elemental composition, indicating that the thermochemical treatment altered the crystallinity, distribution and orientation of particulate matter while improving particle surface roughness and mechanical interlocking matter. The mechanical properties of the biocomposites showed improvements in ultimate tensile strength, hardness, impact and wear resistance, with a maximum tensile strength of 235.17 MPa, hardness of 110.6 BHN, impact of 62.3 J, and a lower wear rate of 2.82 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/mm (64.08 % decrease). Density and porosity analysis revealed changes in biocomposites structure and compaction after treatment and reinforcement, with hybrid Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub>/BLA reinforced Al-based biocomposites recording the highest density value of 2.80 g/cm<sup>3</sup> due to increased wettability and their porous-free structure. The difference in theoretical and experimental density values indicates the presence of porosity, with % porosity values ranging from 0.4 to 1.11. Reinforcements improved particle dispersion in biocomposites, but their effect was further enhanced in hybrid and varied systems. The hybrid Al-7Mg-3Si-1.5Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub>/BLA biocomposites outperformed single additions of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub> and BLA. This suggests that using alkali-treated BLp and hybrid plant-based reinforcing with high-temperature metallic materials (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub>) can significantly improve the mechanical, structural and wear properties of Al-based biocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100184
Habtamu Achenef Tesema
I evaluated biomass variations of lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, under different mulching and soil composition treatments. A plantation was established in June 2017 using 162 seedlings arranged in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three blocks, six plots per block and nine seedlings per plot. Treatments included two mulching levels, mulched (W1) and non-mulched (WO), and three soil compositions: T1 (a 3:2:1 mix of local soil, animal manure, and sand), T2 (a 3:2 mix of local soil and animal manure) and T3 (a 6:2 mix of local soil and animal manure). Standard management practices were applied uniformly. Data collection was conducted in April 2022 on four-year-old bamboo stands. Growth parameters measured included culm height, number of culms per clump and diameter at breast height (DBH), recorded at 1.30 m above ground. Only culms older than three years were sampled, identified using a morphological technique developed by the author. Biomass was estimated using DBH and height through established allometric models. The results showed that soil composition had a significant effect on DBH and height, with T2 yielding the highest values. Mulching significantly improved DBH, although its effects on height and biomass were not statistically significant. Tukey’s HSD test confirmed significant differences among specific treatment combinations. Biomass accumulation was highest under T2 with mulch. These findings underscore the importance of organic matter inputs and proper soil management for improving bamboo growth. Mulching may further enhance performance, particularly in semi-arid environments such as eastern Ethiopia.
{"title":"Effects of soil composition and mulching treatments on biomass variations of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A.Rich.) Munro, eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Habtamu Achenef Tesema","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>I evaluated biomass variations of lowland bamboo (<em>Oxytenanthera abyssinica</em>) in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, under different mulching and soil composition treatments. A plantation was established in June 2017 using 162 seedlings arranged in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three blocks, six plots per block and nine seedlings per plot. Treatments included two mulching levels, mulched (W1) and non-mulched (WO), and three soil compositions: T1 (a 3:2:1 mix of local soil, animal manure, and sand), T2 (a 3:2 mix of local soil and animal manure) and T3 (a 6:2 mix of local soil and animal manure). Standard management practices were applied uniformly. Data collection was conducted in April 2022 on four-year-old bamboo stands. Growth parameters measured included culm height, number of culms per clump and diameter at breast height (DBH), recorded at 1.30 m above ground. Only culms older than three years were sampled, identified using a morphological technique developed by the author. Biomass was estimated using DBH and height through established allometric models. The results showed that soil composition had a significant effect on DBH and height, with T2 yielding the highest values. Mulching significantly improved DBH, although its effects on height and biomass were not statistically significant. Tukey’s HSD test confirmed significant differences among specific treatment combinations. Biomass accumulation was highest under T2 with mulch. These findings underscore the importance of organic matter inputs and proper soil management for improving bamboo growth. Mulching may further enhance performance, particularly in semi-arid environments such as eastern Ethiopia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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