Advances in Bamboo Science最新文献

The continued need to decarbonize buildings has led to a deeper exploration of the use of bamboo culms in building systems. For the design and use of full culm bamboo structures, the bending strength perpendicular-to-fibre has received little comprehensive study along the length of commercially produced bamboo poles. We intensively measured the bending strength perpendicular-to-the-fibre for both node and internode sections along the length of commercially purchased Tre Gai (Bambusa spinosa) culms. Eight culms, each four meters long, were sectioned to measure the bending strength terms including tension and compression strengths in both the N-S (top/bottom) and E/W (left/right) directions using ISO 22157 procedures. Digital scanning was used to measure the inner and outer diameter of each section. Node strength was approximately 2.64 times greater than the internode strength. The performances of perpendicular-to-fibre strength terms were related to the primary tissue strength rather than the bamboo fibre strength within the culm. Based upon observations and measurements, the f_mT,NS and f_mC,EW strengths had greater values with lower variability, and were less sensitive to changes in length. Implications of perpendicular-to-fibre strength design in building elements are discussed.

Endophytes are organisms that colonize the host plant without causing any apparent symptoms. Bambusicolous endophytes are microorganisms that inhabit healthy bamboo and establish a symbiotic relationship with the host. They primarily belong to the phylum Ascomycota under the class Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes. Bamboo harbours a plethora of fungal endophytes that are a major source of secondary metabolites and produce many enzymes that help in the growth promotion of the host. This systematic review mainly deals with the characterization, antimicrobial activity and importance of bambusicolous endophytic fungi along with their future aspects. The systematic review was based on five electronic databases yielding a total of 78 results/studies out of which 24 studies that met the inclusion criteria for a systematic review were selected, as per the PRISMA guidelines.

Drying round bamboo is important to ensure its dimensional stability, to protect it from biological agents and for making high quality products. Conventional kiln drying of bamboo requires extended drying periods. Microwave drying of bamboo has been studied recently and has been reported to be a very fast method of drying. Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult.f.) Backer is an important, large-sized bamboo, preferred for structural purposes and handicrafts manufacturing. However, it also shows a propensity to develop defects such as cracks during drying. In this study, eight culms of mature D. asper (about 3–3.5 years old) were felled and cut into two halves: upper half and lower half. Both parts were then cut into 900 mm long sections. Twenty sections each from the upper half were dried in a conventional kiln (CKD) at 50 °C and 70% RH; and another 20 sections from the upper half were subjected to microwave-vacuum drying (MWVD) at bamboo wall temperature 60–70 °C and 150 mbar pressure. Similarly, twenty sections each from the lower half bamboo sections were dried using CKD (50 °C, 70% RH), MWVD (bamboo wall at 60–80 °C, 150 mbar) and combination drying in which bamboo sections were first dried in CKD until the moisture content (MC%) dropped to below 30% (26%) and thereafter, further dried using MWVD. The time taken to dry the sections, MC% drop rate, defects, and energy consumption were analysed. MWVD took 12 h (upper half) to 20 h (bottom half) to dry the bamboo sections, whereas CKD took 12–15 days. Combination drying did not offer any major advantages. A lower number of defects were found in MWVD sections compared sections dried by CKD. On average, 3.78 units of electrical energy were consumed for the removal of 1 kg of water from bamboo during MWVD.

The bamboos are underutilized plants with incredible versatility showing amazing healing properties due to the presence of a myriad of phytochemicals including phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, glycosides, coumarin lactones, anthraquinones and more. Bamboo shoots and leaves have excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antibiotic and disinfectants properties that on consumption enhance the immunity against various viral, bacterial and fungal infections. Currently, bamboos have gained the particular attention of researchers because of their unique class of functional compounds that make them an ideal candidate for the formulation of silver or gold nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being utilized in every field of science and technology and are attracting research into their potential uses, primarily because of their very high surface to volume ratio. Phytochemicals from bamboo leaves and shoots have been used as potential agents for the formulation of silver nanoparticles. Recent research has shown their antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, catalytic and wound healing properties. Bamboo AgNPs are also used in packaging to prevent damage to food products by pathogens. The potential of different parts of bamboo in the synthesis of nanoparticles is yet to be fully explored. Nanoparticles have gained attention in the development of new pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, biosensor materials, composite fibres and electronic components. This paper presents an overview of the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using bamboo, and their potential biomedical applications.

This study investigated an integrated CO₂-hydrothermal carbonization (CO₂-HTC) and steam gasification of bamboo feedstock, an abundant biomass in Vietnam. Bamboo underwent CO₂-HTC at 240 °C under 100% CO₂ atmosphere with a biomass-to-water ratio of 1:4 and a residence time of 60 min. The resulting hydrochar served as feedstock for steam gasification at 900 °C under an atmosphere of 40% H₂O and 60% N₂. A parallel experiment using raw bamboo provided a basis for comparison. Results indicate notable enhancements in fixed carbon content, bulk density, and higher heating value of bamboo subsequent to CO₂-HTC. The CO₂-HTC bamboo displayed a higher maximum decomposition rate. Its char also showed quicker conversion, enhancing gasification efficiency. A syngas richer in both H₂ and CO by 2% was also produced with CO₂-HTC bamboo compared to the raw bamboo. The observed improvements in gasification performance suggest promising avenues for the more effective and sustainable utilization of bamboo in energy production.

Sustainable materials are becoming increasingly important due to environmental concerns and the energy crisis. Non-wood resources such as bamboo are being explored as alternatives to wood-based materials to reduce deforestation. However, the chemical properties of these resources determine their usability. This study analyzed the chemical composition and solubility of Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss, a type of bamboo. The effects of age and height position (top, middle, and bottom) on the chemical composition and solubility were also considered. The study followed the standards of TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) to analyze holocellulose, lignin, and extractive content, and water (hot and cold) and caustic soda (1% NaOH) solubility. The results showed that the chemical composition, i.e., holocellulose, lignin, and extractive, increased while solubility, i.e., cold water, hot water, and NaOH, decreased with the ageing of B. bambos. The average holocellulose, lignin, and extractive contents of three-year-old B. bambos were 70.49%, 27.55%, and 4.54%, respectively. These values were within the range of previous studies, indicating that B. bambos has potential applications in various purposes.

This study was conducted in four districts of Nepal, Sindhupalchok, Gorkha, West Rukum and Jajarkot. It analyzed the importance of bamboo in immediate earthquake response and recovery. A total of 464 respondents were sampled from four districts struck by earthquakes. 83% of the households had bamboos on their own land, as well as trees such as Pinus spp., Castanopsis spp. and Schima wallichii. 85% of the households used bamboo for pillars, poles, and other supporting materials to hold and adjust roofing and wall materials during the time of the disasters. Moreover, 96% households believed that bamboos were highly useful and thus significant during the time of disasters such as earthquakes. People were aware of the importance of bamboo for coping with disasters; however, they were lacking appropriate knowledge about the socio-economic and environmental significance of bamboo species due to limited knowledge and research.

Synthetic biocides used in wood preservation present significant environmental and human health risks. An environmentally responsible and efficient substitute for traditional pesticides is bamboo vinegar. However, the chemical component of vinegar, which varies depending on the bamboo species, affects how efficient it is as a preservative. This investigation identified the constituent chemicals and termiticidal properties of vinegar derived from Savannah bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A.Rich.) Munro) prepared at various temperatures. Savannah bamboo was pyrolyzed at 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C following established procedures to extract vinegar. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize the vinegar's ingredients. The British standard EN 252 was used to assess the vinegar's termiticidal efficacy. The greatest amount of vinegar (0.45 kg) was produced at 450 °C. The vinegar mostly comprised hexadecanoic, pentadecanoic, octadecanoic, and (3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylbut-1-enyl) benzene. The proportions of these primary constituents varied depending on the pyrolyzing temperature. With its highest content of fatty acids, the vinegar generated at 450°C had the strongest termiticidal activity. O. abyssinica vinegar could provide an eco-friendly substitute for artificial biocides. The manufacturing of vinegar from O. abyssinica could open up new markets for industries engaged in the production, processing, and product development of bamboo.

Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult.f.) Backer and Guadua angustifolia Kunth are cultivated in Costa Rica for their commercial benefits, and their application in different constructions projects. G. angustifolia has two varieties: the Caribe and the South varieties. Existing knowledge of the variation in culm properties of these two varieties and the differences between the two species is limited. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of G. angustifolia varieties and D. asper planted at various heights at the same site in the Atlantic Region of Costa Rica. Some properties exhibited statistical differences between species, but almost no properties of the two varieties of G. angustifolia differed significantly. D. asper exhibited the highest levels of moisture content, specific gravity, density, parameters of flexion test, tension stress, diameter, area and frequency of bundles specifically from base to 25% of height, although beyond this height, no significant differences were observed between species. Regarding the two varieties of G. angustifolia, external and internal diameters, wall thickness culm, moisture content, specific gravity, density, parameters of flexion test, tension stress, diameter, area, and frequency of bundles showed no statistical differences. These results indicate that the differences observed in the two varieties of G. angustifolia may be attributable to the adaptation of the species to distinct soil and climate conditions for growth. When the two varieties were planted at the same site, no differences were observed.