Advances in Bamboo Science最新文献

Engineered bamboo has been getting recognition as a forerunner in terms of desirable mechanical properties and a sustainable construction material. One of the most widespread variants is bamboo scrimber, also known as Parallel Bamboo Strand Lumber (PBSL). This paper presents a holistic investigation into the uniaxial compressive capacity of short bamboo scrimber columns in terms of failure mode, size effect, aspect ratio and failure strain. The studies in focus have been collated from published articles in literature. Furthermore, intermediately slender to long columns have been investigated with respect to the most common international timber standards and, elastic and inelastic theories. It is shown that the dominant failure mode affects the ultimate strength, especially a failure mode called kinking/local buckling. A size effect was observed and discussed with respect to the failure modes. In addition, a tangent modulus theory was proposed from a constitutive model called the Full-range Ramberg Osgood model that could better predict the critical buckling stress of intermediate-long columns over the conventional theory. Moreover, a modified AS1720 design approach was proposed to accommodate the inherent column behaviour of bamboo scrimber. Finally, a modified Newlin-Gahagan approach was proposed which produced consistent predictions for the experimental buckling stress for columns with varying slenderness across four different studies.

Sap stain fungi causes discolouration in bamboo, which reduces the aesthetic value of bambooproducts and renders them unfit for any specific use in which appearance is a crucial factor in determining its value besides its durability. The efficacy of Pongamia pinnata seed oil (PSO) as a fumigant was tested against sapstain (Alternaria alternata) and mould (Aspergillus niger) fungi with a petri plate bioassay, observing growth inhibition by different concentrations of PSO. Growth inhibition ( %) was recorded as 65.8 % for 0.3 % PSO and 88.5 % for 0.5 % PSO.A 1.0 % PSO concentration showed almost complete (i.e. 98.8 %) growth inhibition in A. alternata. Growth inhibition of A. niger was 62.3 % for 0.3 % PSO, 92.6 % for 0.5 % PSO and 98.7 % for 1 % PSO compared to control samples. Surface coverage test by sapstain and mould fungi on 3 different bamboo species B tulda, Bambusa balcooa and Dendrocalamus strictus was also studied. Fumigation with PSO was effective in inhibiting the growth of sap stain and mould fungi in reducing surface infestation on all 3 bamboo species. Our results show that growth inhibition increased gradually with increasing PSO concentration and that complete inhibition in the growth of A. alternata and A. niger was observed in all bamboo species fumigated with a 15 % concentration of PSO.

In recent years the demand for sustainable materials in all technical fields has become increasingly urgent. This trend also applies to the building industry, which is striving for climate-friendly construction. Hence, the renewable and fast-growing material bamboo is a very promising solution. To bring bamboo closer to a potential application, a key interest is to teach the next generation of architects and civil engineers about the material, its properties and its behavior. Students from the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences in Wiesbaden, Germany, were invited to join lectures teaching them from conceptualization to the completion of a building made of bamboo. The aim was to create awareness and familiarity with this sustainable material for subsequent applications. Additionally, the students were given the chance to work with bamboo practically. For several months, trial investigations of the basic mechanical properties of bamboo culms were undertaken with the students. The experimental research included measurement of the moisture content, compression tests, and fractography. Knowledge about material properties and their determination should be brought to the students who are mostly unfamiliar with material testing. Based on the values measured during mechanical testing, the students should be able to do exemplary load-bearing calculations for the bamboo material.

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carriere) Matsum.), a member of the bamboo subfamily within the Gramineae family, is a globally significant economic forest resource, notable for its swift growth. JAZ proteins, crucial in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, play essential roles in plant growth, development, and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. This study identifies 22 JAZ genes in moso bamboo using bioinformatics. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of their physicochemical properties, gene structure, chromosomal localization, conserved structural domains and motifs, cis-acting regulatory elements, and evolutionary relationships. Furthermore, by mining transcriptome data, we delineated the expression patterns of the JAZ gene family during the rapid shoot development phase in moso bamboo. This analysis suggests a significant role for the JAZ genes in the growth and development of moso bamboo. Additionally, we predicted transcription factors that regulate JAZ and analyzed protein interactions to construct an initial JAZ-related regulatory network. This study provides a crucial foundation for understanding the functions of the JAZ gene family and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning the rapid shoot development in moso bamboo.

The introduction of bamboo species is one of the strategies used to enrich edible fresh bamboo shoots resources across diverse regions. However, there is a lack of investigation on the adaptability of bamboo species and the nutritional profiles of their shoots post-introduction. In this study, the nutritional components of bamboo shoots from six bamboo species that have been successfully introduced were compared and evaluated. These six bamboo species possess shoots rich in soluble sugar, soluble protein, and crude fibre. Furthermore, the shoots exhibit significant concentrations of potassium and iron, along with an abundance of amino acids. Notably, the amino acid content is highest in the apical region of the bamboo shoot, followed by the middle section, with the base having the lowest levels. When evaluated through several assessment systems, the shoots exhibited varying scores and rankings. A comprehensive evaluation approach was then utilized to assign final scores and rankings to all six species. Recommendations are provided for the selection of high-quality nutrient-dense bamboo shoots grown in the same field following successful introduction.

Guadua comprises 35 described species, seven of which are distributed in Mexico. Since 1976, a specimen corresponding to the genus Guadua was collected, which could not be correctly assigned to any described taxon. In the present study, a new species of Guadua endemic to the state of Jalisco is described based on vegetative characters. Herbarium specimens were reviewed, field collections made, and specialist literature consulted. A comparison with similar specimens was conducted. The degree of threat was determined following the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Guadua guzmanii, endemic to the El Tamarindo peninsula, municipality of La Huerta, Jalisco, is described. We include a morphological key for the species of the genus Guadua in Mexico, an illustration, photographs, and a distribution map. According to the IUCN criteria, the species is classified as Critically Endangered due to its restricted geographical distribution. With the description of Guadua guzmanii, the number of native Guadua species in Mexico increases to eight. Additionally, the number of woody bamboos in Mexico increases to 60, with 43 species endemic to Mexico and four endemic to Jalisco, included: Chusquea contrerasii, Chusquea guzmanii, Rhipidocladum singuliflorum, and Guadua guzmanii.

Various thermal modification (TM) treatments using different media have been commercialized, including the commonly practiced TM via steam and hot oil using vegetable or mineral oils. To expand the range of oil treatment mediums, this study explored the use of spent cooking oil (used oil from food frying in restaurants), which was centrally collected by a certified hauler and treater of this waste liquid. The effects on the dimensional stability and mechanical strength of giant bamboo [Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Backer] poles subjected to 175°C and 200°C for 30 min and 60 min in steam and oil, respectively were determined. The data were analyzed using a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with TM treatments, temperature, duration, and presence of nodes as factors.

Results revealed significantly improved dimensional stability in modified bamboo as indicated by reduced moisture content, dimensional shrinkage/swelling, and water loss/absorption at higher temperatures. While treatment duration moderately affected dimensional stability, oil-treated samples exhibited greater enhancement.

In terms of mechanical strength, bamboo treated at 175°C exhibited enhanced flexural (modulus of rupture or MOR, and modulus of elasticity or MOE) and compressive strength (CS). However, treatments at 200°C led to marked reductions in these properties. Node presence generally weakened bamboo, except for CS. Oil-treated samples demonstrated superior mechanical strength, although there was a slight reduction in MOR with extended exposure.

In conclusion, steam and oil-based TM improve the dimensional stability and mechanical strength of giant bamboo at 175°C. For optimal properties, a 30-min treatment is recommended. This research underscores the viability of spent cooking oil in enhancing bamboo's physico-mechanical attributes, contributing to sustainable applications.

Bamboo is gaining more and more attention in the field of building materials thanks to its unique characteristics, such as resistance, lightness, sustainability, and flexibility. However, the widespread adoption of bamboo as a building material presents some challenges, especially in relation to the durability of the material. In fact, being a natural material, it requires protection from atmospheric agents, such as rain and sun, as well as from attacks by insects and animals. Ensuring the longevity of bamboo involves implementing tailored treatments, precise precautions, and regular structural inspections to detect any potential degradation over time. In this context, the article focused on the monitoring of a structure made of bamboo and on the testing of an innovative system to identify the structural critical issues present, in the context of a FISR project which envisaged a cultural exchange between China and Italy. Starting from the survey of the structure carried out with a drone, a 3D model was then built using a commercial software. For the monitoring phase of the structure, an innovative system was used that exploits the YOLO v5s6 algorithm to identify structural critical issues, supported by a Virtual/Augmented/Mixed reality app developed by the authors. This app is useful not only during the monitoring phase, but also in the subsequent phase of disseminating information relating to the potential of the use of bamboo in the field of structural engineering. The tested and proposed methodologies have proven to be particularly useful and high-performance, especially regarding the monitoring of bamboo structures, in relation to the resolution of problems linked to their possible fragility and limitations in certain application areas. The contribution provided in this paper by Geomatics methodologies is evident to better highlight the potential of this eco-friendly material for its desirable ever-increasing use in the construction sector by becoming aware of its potential.

There is a growing demand within the Gunungkidul region of Indonesia for bamboo, particularly Gigantochloa apus (Schult.f.) Kurz ex Munro, which is used in handicrafts. This study examined ways to enhance the productivity of bamboo to meet the specific requirements of the craft industry in the region. It assessed the impact of three levels of thinning intensity and three types of fertilizer application on the productivity and quality of G. apus. The type of fertilizer application significantly influenced the diameter of the sixth internode and the overall height of the bamboo while having an insignificant effect on the number of bamboo shoots, internode diameter at one meter or internode length. Thinning intensity significantly affected several aspects, including the number of shoots, the diameter of the sixth internode and the overall height of the bamboo. Clump thinning intensity increased the diameter of the remaining bamboo clump but reduced the number of shoots, as well as internode length and overall height. The interaction between thinning intensity and fertilizer application significantly impacted the diameter of bamboo, the diameter of the sixth internode, and the overall height of bamboo, without significant effects on the number of shoots or the internode length.

To enhance the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots, the Response Surface Methodology was utilized to optimize the protein extraction process of Chimonobambusa purpurea Hsueh f. & T.P.Yi (syn. Chimonobambusa neopurpurea T.P.Yi) bamboo shoots. Choline chloride and proline were utilized as hydrogen bond acceptors in a total of eight deep eutectic solvents, whereas glucose, sucrose, glycerol, ethylene glycol, acetylpropionic acid, malic acid, and lactic acid were used as hydrogen bond donors. This work examined the protein extraction from bamboo shoots using deep eutectic solvents. Single-factor experiments were conducted to determine the optimal composition of the deep eutectic solvents, along with the ideal gradients of material-liquid ratio gradients, water content, extraction time, and water bath temperature. The impact and interplay of various variables on the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots were examined using the Box-Behnken Design and Response Surface Methodology. Both the water bath temperature and the extraction time significantly influenced the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots. Notably, the interaction between extraction time and water bath temperature had the most substantial effect on the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots. The quadratic response surface regression equation for the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots relative to the actual values of each factor was obtained as follows: Protein extraction rate = −193.3275 + 3.8395 A - 18.7075 B + 6.3285 C + 0.2125 AB - 0.0089 AC + 0.024 BC - 0.02885 A² + 0.685 B² - 0.06455 C². Finally, this work predicted optimum extraction parameters for bamboo shoots with choline chloride-sucrose (molar ratio 1:2), a material-liquid ratio of 1:50, a water content of 74 %, an extraction time of 4 h, and a water bath temperature of 44 ℃. Under the optimal conditions, the protein extraction yield was 59.39±0.45 %, which aligned with the predicted value from the response surface fitting equation. This indicated that the optimised regression equation may have practical significance. Compared with conventional extraction using a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, deep eutectic solvents extraction of bamboo shoots is more environmentally friendly, non-toxic and harmless. It provides a theoretical and experimental reference for industrial extraction and offers a reference for deep eutectic solvent development in bamboo shoot resource utilization.

Key message:

To enhance the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots, the Response Surface Methodology was utilized to optimize the protein extraction process of bamboo shoots.