Columnar-shaped bamboo activated carbon (CAC) has the advantages of wide availability, low cost and environmental friendliness. In this study, the steam physical activation method was used to prepare CAC with bamboo tar as the adhesive and bamboo charcoal powder as the raw material. The effects of activation temperature, activation time and water vapour intake on the properties of CAC and the optimal activation process parameters were investigated (activation temperature was 850 ℃, activation reaction time was 2.5 h and activation reaction water vapour intake was 10 mL/min). MnO2/Ag load modification was performed on the CAC to enhance its adsorption performance. When the MnO2 load was 9 % and the Ag load was 3 %, the modified CAC had good pore structure (specific surface area of 914.037 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.450 cm3/g, micropore volume of 0.368 cm3/g) and excellent adsorption and degradation properties (the dynamic adsorption capacity of formaldehyde and toluene were 313 mg/g and 286 mg/g respectively, and the degradation rate of formaldehyde reached 94 %). This paper provides a theoretical basis for the production of high quality, high adsorption CAC capable of degrading formaldehyde and other harmful gases.
{"title":"Activation process optimization and MnO2/Ag modification results of bamboo-based columnar-shaped activated carbon","authors":"Suzhen Zhang , Huan Liu , Yipeng Liang, Zhongqing Ma, Jingda Huang, Wenbiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Columnar-shaped bamboo activated carbon (CAC) has the advantages of wide availability, low cost and environmental friendliness. In this study, the steam physical activation method was used to prepare CAC with bamboo tar as the adhesive and bamboo charcoal powder as the raw material. The effects of activation temperature, activation time and water vapour intake on the properties of CAC and the optimal activation process parameters were investigated (activation temperature was 850 ℃, activation reaction time was 2.5 h and activation reaction water vapour intake was 10 mL/min). MnO<sub>2</sub>/Ag load modification was performed on the CAC to enhance its adsorption performance. When the MnO<sub>2</sub> load was 9 % and the Ag load was 3 %, the modified CAC had good pore structure (specific surface area of 914.037 m<sup>2</sup>/g, total pore volume of 0.450 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, micropore volume of 0.368 cm<sup>3</sup>/g) and excellent adsorption and degradation properties (the dynamic adsorption capacity of formaldehyde and toluene were 313 mg/g and 286 mg/g respectively, and the degradation rate of formaldehyde reached 94 %). This paper provides a theoretical basis for the production of high quality, high adsorption CAC capable of degrading formaldehyde and other harmful gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100162
Yeni Rahayu , Rodiyati Azrianingsih , Goh Wei Lim , Estri L. Arumingtyas
Schizostachyum caudatum is a Sumatran native bamboo that has a solid culm. This species is rarely utilized and considered sacred by the locals, although it has great commercial value. It merits a lot more research. Research data on this species dates back 30 years, with no updates since then. We performed rediscoveries of this species and built a distribution map. Field research revealed four records of its presence in a population size of one clump each, except for the population in Umbul Limau, Sukarame Village, which has ten clumps. The clump density is approximately one per square meter. However, the clump density can reach 0.3 per square meter in Umbul Limau, Sukarame Village. Two records of this species are new cultivations, and their location has never been previously reported. We assessed the environmental parameters of the native habitat of S. caudatum based on the attribute data layers, such as rocks, topography, and rainfall. The habitat preference of this species is an area with volcanic substratum, high humidity, and annual rainfall of around 3000 mm. The topography ranges from hilly to mountainous areas, with an 850–1100 m above sea level. Understanding the distribution patterns of this endemic and vulnerable species is important when determining suitable locations for ex-situ conservation and implementation.
{"title":"Rediscovery of Schizostachyum caudatum Backer ex Heyne (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and predicting its habitat preference using geospatial analysis","authors":"Yeni Rahayu , Rodiyati Azrianingsih , Goh Wei Lim , Estri L. Arumingtyas","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Schizostachyum caudatum</em> is a Sumatran native bamboo that has a solid culm. This species is rarely utilized and considered sacred by the locals, although it has great commercial value. It merits a lot more research. Research data on this species dates back 30 years, with no updates since then. We performed rediscoveries of this species and built a distribution map. Field research revealed four records of its presence in a population size of one clump each, except for the population in Umbul Limau, Sukarame Village, which has ten clumps. The clump density is approximately one per square meter. However, the clump density can reach 0.3 per square meter in Umbul Limau, Sukarame Village. Two records of this species are new cultivations, and their location has never been previously reported. We assessed the environmental parameters of the native habitat of <em>S. caudatum</em> based on the attribute data layers, such as rocks, topography, and rainfall. The habitat preference of this species is an area with volcanic substratum, high humidity, and annual rainfall of around 3000 mm. The topography ranges from hilly to mountainous areas, with an 850–1100 m above sea level. Understanding the distribution patterns of this endemic and vulnerable species is important when determining suitable locations for ex-situ conservation and implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100159
Norhafizah Saari , Sitti Fatimah Mhd Ramle , Nur Salsabilla Zahidan , Nur Ayuni Ahmad , Zubaidah Aimi Abdul Hamid , Abdul Fattah Nongman , Nurul Fazita Mohamad Rawi
Cellulose bio-foam (CBF) was developed using bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.) cellulose with varying fibre content concentrations (0 %, 10 % and 20 %) incorporated with starch and glycerol through the evaporative drying method. The morphology and microstructure of the CBF were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and optical light microscopy. Results revealed that CBF with 0 % cellulose fibre content exhibited a smoother surface compared to the rougher textures observed in 10 % and 20 % fibre content. The addition of cellulose fibres increased both the average and mean cell sizes, with pore sizes ranging from 0.93 mm to 2.69 mm for 10 % and from 0.94 mm to 3.27 mm for 20 %. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of cellulose microfibrils through the detection of carbon and oxygen elements. Thermogravimetric analysis further demonstrated that the accumulation of glycerol on the surface of microfibrils at 20 % cellulose fibre content enhanced the thermal stability of the CBF by increasing its degradation temperature. Notably, the addition of cellulose fibres significantly improved the mechanical properties of the CBF. Among the samples, CBF with 10 % cellulose content exhibited the highest mechanical strength, with a Young’s modulus of 78.74 N/m², compared to 6.91 N/m² for 0 % and 59.71 N/m² for 20 %. These findings highlight the optimal performance of CBF with 10 % cellulose content in terms of mechanical strength and overall material properties.
{"title":"Extraction of cellulose from bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.) for bio-foam applications","authors":"Norhafizah Saari , Sitti Fatimah Mhd Ramle , Nur Salsabilla Zahidan , Nur Ayuni Ahmad , Zubaidah Aimi Abdul Hamid , Abdul Fattah Nongman , Nurul Fazita Mohamad Rawi","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose bio-foam (CBF) was developed using bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris <u>Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.</u>) cellulose with varying fibre content concentrations (0 %, 10 % and 20 %) incorporated with starch and glycerol through the evaporative drying method. The morphology and microstructure of the CBF were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and optical light microscopy. Results revealed that CBF with 0 % cellulose fibre content exhibited a smoother surface compared to the rougher textures observed in 10 % and 20 % fibre content. The addition of cellulose fibres increased both the average and mean cell sizes, with pore sizes ranging from 0.93 mm to 2.69 mm for 10 % and from 0.94 mm to 3.27 mm for 20 %. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of cellulose microfibrils through the detection of carbon and oxygen elements. Thermogravimetric analysis further demonstrated that the accumulation of glycerol on the surface of microfibrils at 20 % cellulose fibre content enhanced the thermal stability of the CBF by increasing its degradation temperature. Notably, the addition of cellulose fibres significantly improved the mechanical properties of the CBF. Among the samples, CBF with 10 % cellulose content exhibited the highest mechanical strength, with a Young’s modulus of 78.74 N/m², compared to 6.91 N/m² for 0 % and 59.71 N/m² for 20 %. These findings highlight the optimal performance of CBF with 10 % cellulose content in terms of mechanical strength and overall material properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sugarcane leaves, a vast but under-utilized agricultural residue in Thailand, hold significant potential for biofuel production. However, challenges such as high organic ash content and low calorific value limit their effectiveness as biomass pellet fuel. This study aims to overcome these limitations by combining sugarcane leaves with bamboo at various ratios (5:0, 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, 0:5) to improve fuel properties. The resulting pellets were tested against ISO 17225–6:2021 standards. Findings indicate that blending sugarcane leaves with bamboo enhances key physical properties, including length, bulk density, dust content and durability. For combustion properties, sugarcane-bamboo ratios of 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4 yielded calorific values above 14,500 J/g, meeting essential biomass fuel standards. Additionally, inorganic ash content was reduced to below 10 % in pellets with sugarcane to bamboo ratios of 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4, aligning with ISO specifications. These results suggest that a sugarcane to bamboo ratio above 3:2 produces pellets that meet ISO standards, demonstrating that biomass blending is an effective approach to optimize solid fuel properties.
{"title":"Optimizing biomass pellet quality from sugarcane leaves and bamboo for sustainable biofuel production","authors":"Rachata Tobias Baur , Sarun Tuedic , Jirath Promploy , Keerati Kirasamutranon","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugarcane leaves, a vast but under-utilized agricultural residue in Thailand, hold significant potential for biofuel production. However, challenges such as high organic ash content and low calorific value limit their effectiveness as biomass pellet fuel. This study aims to overcome these limitations by combining sugarcane leaves with bamboo at various ratios (5:0, 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, 0:5) to improve fuel properties. The resulting pellets were tested against ISO 17225–6:2021 standards. Findings indicate that blending sugarcane leaves with bamboo enhances key physical properties, including length, bulk density, dust content and durability. For combustion properties, sugarcane-bamboo ratios of 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4 yielded calorific values above 14,500 J/g, meeting essential biomass fuel standards. Additionally, inorganic ash content was reduced to below 10 % in pellets with sugarcane to bamboo ratios of 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4, aligning with ISO specifications. These results suggest that a sugarcane to bamboo ratio above 3:2 produces pellets that meet ISO standards, demonstrating that biomass blending is an effective approach to optimize solid fuel properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100158
Chris Johnniel France Rana, Aralyn L. Quintos-Cortiguerra, Alexis B. Dorado, Juanito P. Jimenez, Jr
Bamboo processing wastes from small to medium-sized factories are generated in substantial quantities. To maximize its utilization, this study explored the conversion of bamboo wastes into bamboo waste particleboard (BWPB) and the effects of a lacquer sanding sealer (LSS) soaking on its properties. BWPB samples were soaked in LSS for 5, 15 and 30 minutes, and their physico-mechanical properties, namely thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB) strength, moisture content (MC) and board density (BD), were evaluated based on PNS/ISO 16893:2017 and related literature. Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were conducted to assess the penetration and effectiveness of the LSS treatment. Both the control (unsoaked) and the LSS-soaked BWPB were classified as medium-density. The MC of the LSS-soaked samples was significantly lower than that of the unsoaked boards. LSS-soaked BWPB also increased in weight, with longer soaking times resulting in greater weight gain. The LSS treatment significantly improved mechanical properties, reducing TS and WA while enhancing MOR, MOE and IB strength. Microscopy and FTIR confirmed greater LSS absorption with extended soaking times. These findings indicate that LSS-soaked BWPB met P-GP MR2 standards in the PNS/ISO 16893:2017, making it suitable for general-purpose applications. Additionally, bio-inspired product prototypes were developed to demonstrate the enhanced particleboard’s aesthetic and functional potential.
{"title":"Influence of lacquer sanding sealer treatment on the properties of bamboo waste particleboards for sustainable handicrafts","authors":"Chris Johnniel France Rana, Aralyn L. Quintos-Cortiguerra, Alexis B. Dorado, Juanito P. Jimenez, Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo processing wastes from small to medium-sized factories are generated in substantial quantities. To maximize its utilization, this study explored the conversion of bamboo wastes into bamboo waste particleboard (BWPB) and the effects of a lacquer sanding sealer (LSS) soaking on its properties. BWPB samples were soaked in LSS for 5, 15 and 30 minutes, and their physico-mechanical properties, namely thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB) strength, moisture content (MC) and board density (BD), were evaluated based on PNS/ISO 16893:2017 and related literature. Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were conducted to assess the penetration and effectiveness of the LSS treatment. Both the control (unsoaked) and the LSS-soaked BWPB were classified as medium-density. The MC of the LSS-soaked samples was significantly lower than that of the unsoaked boards. LSS-soaked BWPB also increased in weight, with longer soaking times resulting in greater weight gain. The LSS treatment significantly improved mechanical properties, reducing TS and WA while enhancing MOR, MOE and IB strength. Microscopy and FTIR confirmed greater LSS absorption with extended soaking times. These findings indicate that LSS-soaked BWPB met P-GP MR2 standards in the PNS/ISO 16893:2017, making it suitable for general-purpose applications. Additionally, bio-inspired product prototypes were developed to demonstrate the enhanced particleboard’s aesthetic and functional potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100157
Asita Elengoe , Chun Hoe Tan , Sandeep Poddar
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide health concern that requires immediate attention. The abundance of bioactive phytochemicals with a variety of structures found in natural products has made them a promising source for drug discovery. Large numbers of bioactive phytochemicals associated with antimicrobial activity have been found in the common bamboo, Bambusa vulgaris, such as phenolic acid, polyphenols, flavonoids and sterols. Although there have been some reports about the antimicrobial activity of B. vulgaris and its bioactive phytochemicals, there is currently a lack of research regarding the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of these phytochemicals. Determining the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the phytochemicals is crucial to ensure safety, minimize the toxicity, identify the bioavailability, and support clinical research and regulatory approval of B. vulgaris as a source of antimicrobial agents. Here, computational analyses were performed on 17 phytochemicals that were isolated from B. vulgaris and taken from the scientific literature. The findings demonstrate that 12 of the 17 phytochemicals complied with Veber's rule and Lipinski's rule of five, indicating their good oral bioavailability and drug-likeness. Only half of the filtered phytochemicals, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and vanillic acid, were found to be non-toxic after further testing for potential toxicity. Molecular docking simulations were then performed, and it is evident that these six phytochemicals may thermodynamically bind to selected microbial proteins, with hydrophobic interactions predominating. p-coumaric acid had the strongest affinity for binding to all three microbial proteins: S. aureus DNA gyrase A (PDB: 2XCT), S. aureus DNA gyrase B (PDB: 3G75), and secreted aspartic protease (PDB ID: 1ZAP).
{"title":"Computational analysis of antimicrobial phytochemicals from Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl.: Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and molecular docking","authors":"Asita Elengoe , Chun Hoe Tan , Sandeep Poddar","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide health concern that requires immediate attention. The abundance of bioactive phytochemicals with a variety of structures found in natural products has made them a promising source for drug discovery. Large numbers of bioactive phytochemicals associated with antimicrobial activity have been found in the common bamboo, <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em>, such as phenolic acid, polyphenols, flavonoids and sterols. Although there have been some reports about the antimicrobial activity of <em>B. vulgaris</em> and its bioactive phytochemicals, there is currently a lack of research regarding the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of these phytochemicals. Determining the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the phytochemicals is crucial to ensure safety, minimize the toxicity, identify the bioavailability, and support clinical research and regulatory approval of <em>B. vulgaris</em> as a source of antimicrobial agents. Here, computational analyses were performed on 17 phytochemicals that were isolated from <em>B. vulgaris</em> and taken from the scientific literature. The findings demonstrate that 12 of the 17 phytochemicals complied with Veber's rule and Lipinski's rule of five, indicating their good oral bioavailability and drug-likeness. Only half of the filtered phytochemicals, <em>p</em>-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and vanillic acid, were found to be non-toxic after further testing for potential toxicity. Molecular docking simulations were then performed, and it is evident that these six phytochemicals may thermodynamically bind to selected microbial proteins, with hydrophobic interactions predominating. <em>p</em>-coumaric acid had the strongest affinity for binding to all three microbial proteins: <em>S. aureus</em> DNA gyrase A (PDB: 2XCT), <em>S. aureus</em> DNA gyrase B (PDB: 3G75), and secreted aspartic protease (PDB ID: 1ZAP).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bamboo culms are a renewable natural resource widely used in housing construction. The structural characteristics of bamboo culms vary depending on their maturity state and the influence of aging on maturation, particularly regarding strength properties. This case study focuses on evaluating the state of maturity of bamboo material (strips/slats) from the species Dendrocalamus asper. The objective was to determine its maturity state and establish a reliable criterion for its classification and use in construction. To assess culm maturity, mature culms were identified as those where the cells near the vascular bundles were completely filled with fibers, as indicated by a reddish colouration when stained with safranin, with no blank spaces remaining. Anatomical sections of D. asper culm samples were prepared using a microtome and stained with safranin. Our results showed that 60 % of the analyzed material exhibited an immature condition. This case study provides a methodology for verifying bamboo material for use in construction, which can be applied in other cases where the maturity of bamboo is uncertain.
{"title":"Anatomy of the culm of Dendrocalamus asper (Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) to determine its mature status: Case study of its use in construction","authors":"Tania Cerrón-Oyague , Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez , Gonzalo Torres-Zules , Rolando Montenegro-Muro , Manuel Chavesta-Custodio , Farut Varón-Virguez","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo culms are a renewable natural resource widely used in housing construction. The structural characteristics of bamboo culms vary depending on their maturity state and the influence of aging on maturation, particularly regarding strength properties. This case study focuses on evaluating the state of maturity of bamboo material (strips/slats) from the species <em>Dendrocalamus asper</em>. The objective was to determine its maturity state and establish a reliable criterion for its classification and use in construction. To assess culm maturity, mature culms were identified as those where the cells near the vascular bundles were completely filled with fibers, as indicated by a reddish colouration when stained with safranin, with no blank spaces remaining. Anatomical sections of <em>D. asper</em> culm samples were prepared using a microtome and stained with safranin. Our results showed that 60 % of the analyzed material exhibited an immature condition. This case study provides a methodology for verifying bamboo material for use in construction, which can be applied in other cases where the maturity of bamboo is uncertain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dendrocalamus strictus, commonly known as lathi baans on the Indian subcontinent, holds significant potential as a sustainable raw material for diverse industrial applications, including bioenergy, pulp and paper production, and biodegradable composites. Despite its potential, a comprehensive understanding of its chemical composition, particularly across different growth stages, remains scarce. This gap in knowledge limits its efficient utilization in various industries. Hence, we determined the effect of age and height on the chemical characteristics of two different genotypes of D. strictus. The top part of three-year-old culms was recorded with the highest holocellulose (DS01: 71.9 %, DS02: 72.6 %) and alpha cellulose (DS01: 51.5 %, DS02: 52.8 %) content, while their base showed the highest value of klason lignin (DS01: 26.0 %, DS02: 24.2 %), alcohol-benzene soluble extractives (DS01: 3.3 %, DS02: 2.57 %), and ash content (DS01: 3.93 %, DS02: 4.0 %). The bottom portion of one-year-old culms showed the highest values of cold-water (DS01: 7.02 %, DS02: 7.42 %), hot-water (DS01: 10.6 %, DS02: 11.0 %), and 1 % NaOH solubility (DS01: 26.0 %, DS02: 25.3 %). The effect of age and genotype was significant (p < 0.05) for all chemical characteristics, while the influence of height section was only observed for holocellulose, alpha cellulose and klason lignin content. In contrast to DS01, DS02 exhibited ideal chemical properties for industrial end uses. However, selection of material from an appropriate height in the culm in DS01 may enhance its value for industrial application. These insights are pivotal in determining the ideal harvest age and position, ensuring maximum yield and efficiency in the sustainable utilization of D. strictus resources.
{"title":"Age and height as determinants of the chemical properties of two morphometrically superior genotypes of Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees: Prospects for advances in industrial applications","authors":"Shivani Rohilla , Vikas Rana , Harish S. Ginwal , Unnati Chaudhary , Neeraj Prajapati , Shuank Malik , Santan Barthwal","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Dendrocalamus strictus,</em> commonly known as <em>lathi baans</em> on the Indian subcontinent, holds significant potential as a sustainable raw material for diverse industrial applications, including bioenergy, pulp and paper production, and biodegradable composites. Despite its potential, a comprehensive understanding of its chemical composition, particularly across different growth stages, remains scarce. This gap in knowledge limits its efficient utilization in various industries. Hence, we determined the effect of age and height on the chemical characteristics of two different genotypes of <em>D. strictus</em>. The top part of three-year-old culms was recorded with the highest holocellulose (DS01: 71.9 %, DS02: 72.6 %) and alpha cellulose (DS01: 51.5 %, DS02: 52.8 %) content, while their base showed the highest value of klason lignin (DS01: 26.0 %, DS02: 24.2 %), alcohol-benzene soluble extractives (DS01: 3.3 %, DS02: 2.57 %), and ash content (DS01: 3.93 %, DS02: 4.0 %). The bottom portion of one-year-old culms showed the highest values of cold-water (DS01: 7.02 %, DS02: 7.42 %), hot-water (DS01: 10.6 %, DS02: 11.0 %), and 1 % NaOH solubility (DS01: 26.0 %, DS02: 25.3 %). The effect of age and genotype was significant (p < 0.05) for all chemical characteristics, while the influence of height section was only observed for holocellulose, alpha cellulose and klason lignin content. In contrast to DS01, DS02 exhibited ideal chemical properties for industrial end uses. However, selection of material from an appropriate height in the culm in DS01 may enhance its value for industrial application. These insights are pivotal in determining the ideal harvest age and position, ensuring maximum yield and efficiency in the sustainable utilization of <em>D. strictus</em> resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100154
Zhen Yu , Sijia Cai , Xueyun Xuan , Shiying Su , Jiaqi Tan , Zhijun Zhang
Moso bamboo is an important fast-growing forest species. The rapid growth of its shoots and its ability to respond to environmental stresses, such as drought and low temperatures, directly influence its shoot yield and quality. The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) family comprises a group of regulatory proteins involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism, which are essential for plant growth, development and stress responses. In this study, we identified a total of 18 VDAC gene family members from the Moso bamboo genome-wide data using bioinformatics methods and systematically analyzed their physicochemical properties, collinearity, chromosomal localization, conserved structural domains and motifs, cis-acting elements and evolutionary relationships. By mining transcriptome data, we characterized the expression patterns of the VDAC gene family during the rapid developmental stages of Moso bamboo shoots, as well as under different hormonal and abiotic stresses, including high salt and drought. The results suggest that the VDAC gene family may promote the rapid development of bamboo shoots and enhance plant responsiveness to hormonal and abiotic stresses. Additionally, we predicted the transcription factors that regulate VDAC-related transcripts, performed protein interaction analysis and initially constructed a VDAC-related regulatory and interaction network. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the functions of VDACs in bamboo plants and screening candidate genes related to rapid growth and stress tolerance.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression pattern analysis of the VDAC gene family reveals likely roles in rapid shoot growth and abiotic stress in Moso bamboo ((Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz.)","authors":"Zhen Yu , Sijia Cai , Xueyun Xuan , Shiying Su , Jiaqi Tan , Zhijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moso bamboo is an important fast-growing forest species. The rapid growth of its shoots and its ability to respond to environmental stresses, such as drought and low temperatures, directly influence its shoot yield and quality. The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) family comprises a group of regulatory proteins involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism, which are essential for plant growth, development and stress responses. In this study, we identified a total of 18 <em>VDAC</em> gene family members from the Moso bamboo genome-wide data using bioinformatics methods and systematically analyzed their physicochemical properties, collinearity, chromosomal localization, conserved structural domains and motifs, <em>cis</em>-acting elements and evolutionary relationships. By mining transcriptome data, we characterized the expression patterns of the <em>VDAC</em> gene family during the rapid developmental stages of Moso bamboo shoots, as well as under different hormonal and abiotic stresses, including high salt and drought. The results suggest that the <em>VDAC</em> gene family may promote the rapid development of bamboo shoots and enhance plant responsiveness to hormonal and abiotic stresses. Additionally, we predicted the transcription factors that regulate <em>VDAC</em>-related transcripts, performed protein interaction analysis and initially constructed a <em>VDAC</em>-related regulatory and interaction network. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the functions of <em>VDACs</em> in bamboo plants and screening candidate genes related to rapid growth and stress tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100144
Hong Nam Nguyen , Thanh Phong Bui , Thi Thu Huong Tran , Thi Hong Hanh Nguyen , Phuong Thu Le
The increasing presence of oxytetracycline (OTC) in water sources due to its extensive use in aquaculture and livestock rearing necessitates effective removal techniques. We evaluated the adsorption performance of two forms of bamboo-derived biochar, one produced through CO2 activation (B1) and the other produced through steam activation (B2), in both batch and continuous systems. The results showed that bamboo-derived biochar exhibited low ash content and high fixed carbon, with the biochar produced by steam activation (B2) demonstrating better porosity, as evidenced by lower bulk density and bee-hive structures observed in the SEM images. Batch experiments showed that B2 exhibited a higher maximum adsorption capacity (34.3 mg/g) compared to B1 (21.5 mg/g) under optimized conditions. Continuous column experiments revealed that B2 achieved superior performance, with a breakthrough time of 50 h and a maximum adsorption capacity of 100 mg/g, significantly higher than B1's breakthrough time of 20 h and capacity of 44 mg/g. Under re-used conditions, B2 out-performed B1 with Ce/C0 stabilizing at ∼0.1, compared to ∼0.4 for B1, highlighting the enhanced efficiency of B2 over repeated cycles. However, after regeneration using distilled water, both materials exhibited a significant decline in adsorption performance, with Ce/C0 values exceeding 0.8, indicating the ineffectiveness of the regeneration method. These results emphasize the structural advantages of B2, contributing to its superior adsorption performance in both batch and continuous systems. Despite these strengths, the limited reusability of both materials underscores the need for optimized regeneration protocols.
{"title":"Bamboo-derived biochar as an efficient adsorbent for oxytetracycline removal from water","authors":"Hong Nam Nguyen , Thanh Phong Bui , Thi Thu Huong Tran , Thi Hong Hanh Nguyen , Phuong Thu Le","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2025.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing presence of oxytetracycline (OTC) in water sources due to its extensive use in aquaculture and livestock rearing necessitates effective removal techniques. We evaluated the adsorption performance of two forms of bamboo-derived biochar, one produced through CO<sub>2</sub> activation (B1) and the other produced through steam activation (B2), in both batch and continuous systems. The results showed that bamboo-derived biochar exhibited low ash content and high fixed carbon, with the biochar produced by steam activation (B2) demonstrating better porosity, as evidenced by lower bulk density and bee-hive structures observed in the SEM images. Batch experiments showed that B2 exhibited a higher maximum adsorption capacity (34.3 mg/g) compared to B1 (21.5 mg/g) under optimized conditions. Continuous column experiments revealed that B2 achieved superior performance, with a breakthrough time of 50 h and a maximum adsorption capacity of 100 mg/g, significantly higher than B1's breakthrough time of 20 h and capacity of 44 mg/g. Under re-used conditions, B2 out-performed B1 with Ce/C<sub>0</sub> stabilizing at ∼0.1, compared to ∼0.4 for B1, highlighting the enhanced efficiency of B2 over repeated cycles. However, after regeneration using distilled water, both materials exhibited a significant decline in adsorption performance, with Ce/C<sub>0</sub> values exceeding 0.8, indicating the ineffectiveness of the regeneration method. These results emphasize the structural advantages of B2, contributing to its superior adsorption performance in both batch and continuous systems. Despite these strengths, the limited reusability of both materials underscores the need for optimized regeneration protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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