Objective To investigate and compare the clinical characteristics of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the frequent exacerbation (FE) and non frequent exacerbation (NFE) groups from the several Third class and Grade-A hospitals of Shanghai area, and analyze their clinical significance. Methods The clinical symptoms score, pulmonary lung function results, serum markers and the distribution of comorbidities of 113 patients diagnosed of stable COPD from October 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed and summarized in a retrospective, multicenter and cross-sectional survey.The patients were divided into FE group(n=60) and NFE group (n=53) and compared the differences between the two groups. Results (1)General characteristics: The mean age was (67.84±8.66) years old.There was no significant difference in age, course of disease and smoking exposure between the two groups.BMI in FE group was lower than that of in NFE group [(22.49±3.32) kg/m2 vs (24.07±3.58) kg/m2, t=2.431, P=0.017]. The CAT score[(17.30±7.59) vs (11.38±6.38), t=-4.458, P<0.001], SGRQ score[(37.29±14.82) vs (23.18±12.57), t=-5.288, P<0.001], BODE index[(3.96±1.97) vs (3.05±2.25), t=-2.061, P<0.042], HAMA score[14(12) vs 9(8), Z=-2.183, P=0.029], and the morbidity of GOLD3-4 patients (63.6% vs 43.1%, χ2=4.473, P=0.034) in FE group were all higher than those of in NFE group, there were significant differences in those results.(2)Pulmonary function: The results of FEV1, FEV1%pred, FVC%pred, FEF25-75, FEF25-75% pred, FEF50, FEF50% pred, DLCO%pred before bronchodilator inhalation in FE group were lower than those of NFE group[(1.14±0.47) L vs (1.39±0.64) L, t=2.314, P=0.023; (43.82±16.50)% vs (53.13±20.88)%, t=2.534, P=0.013; (69.06±17.85)% vs (76.65±19.14)%, t=2.110, P=0.037; (0.49±0.29) L vs (0.66±0.40) L, t=2.569, P=0.012; (16.50±8.69)% vs (21.81±12.58)%, t=2.723, P=0.008; (0.60±0.41) L vs (0.84±0.58) L, t=2.374, P=0.020; (15.97±9.72)% vs (22.14±13.91)%, t=2.652, P=0.009; and (54.35±21.90)% vs (65.20±25.67)%, t=2.133, P=0.036 respectivly]. The results of FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FEV1%pred, FEF25-75, FEF50%pred after bronchodilator inhalation in FE group were all lower than those of NFE group[(49.38±12.16)% vs (55.57±11.71)%, t=2.508, P=0.014; (1.32±0.52) L vs (1.57±0.65) L, t=2.059, P=0.042; (50.12±17.18)% vs (60.22±20.57)%, t=2.591, P=0.011; (0.59±0.37) L vs (0.75±0.42)L, t=2.026, P=0.046; and (19.99±12.12)% vs (26.23±14.81)%, t=2.242, P=0.027 respectivly], there were statistically significant difference in above results.(3) Serum markers: the results of hemoglobin concentration (HGB) in FE group was lower than that of in NFE group[142(21) g/L vs 148(18) g/L, Z=-2.159, P=0.031], and the result of serum total IgE was higher than that in NFE group[166 (339) U/ml vs 71 (141) U/ml, Z=-2.041, P=0.041], the difference was statistically significant.(4)Distribution characteristics of comorbidities: There were 33 kinds of comorbidities in the 113 patients, and the propo
目的调查比较上海地区几家三甲医院稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)频繁加重(FE)组和非频繁加重(NFE)组患者的临床特点，并分析其临床意义。方法采用回顾性、多中心、横断面调查的方法，对2018年10月至2019年6月诊断为稳定期COPD的113例患者的临床症状评分、肺功能、血清指标及合并症分布进行分析总结。将患者分为FE组(n=60)和NFE组(n=53)，比较两组间的差异。结果(1)一般特征:平均年龄(67.84±8.66)岁。两组在年龄、病程和吸烟暴露方面无显著差异。FE组BMI低于NFE组[(22.49±3.32)kg/m2 vs(24.07±3.58)kg/m2, t=2.431, P=0.017]。FE组的CAT评分[(17.30±7.59)vs(11.38±6.38)，t=-4.458, P<0.001]、SGRQ评分[(37.29±14.82)vs(23.18±12.57)，t=-5.288, P<0.001]、BODE指数[(3.96±1.97)vs(3.05±2.25)，t=-2.061, P<0.042]、HAMA评分[14(12)vs 9(8)， Z=-2.183, P=0.029]、GOLD3-4患者的发病率(63.6% vs 43.1%， χ2=4.473, P=0.034)均高于NFE组，差异均有统计学意义。FE组吸入支气管扩张剂前FEV1、FEV1%pred、FVC%pred、FEF25-75、FEF25-75% pred、FEF50、FEF50% pred、DLCO%pred均低于NFE组[(1.14±0.47)L vs(1.39±0.64)L, t=2.314, P=0.023;(43.82±16.50)% vs(53.13±20.88)%,t = 2.534, P = 0.013;(69.06±17.85)% vs(76.65±19.14)%,t = 2.110, P = 0.037;(0.49±0.29)和(0.66±0.40)L、t = 2.569, P = 0.012;(16.50±8.69)% vs(21.81±12.58)%,t = 2.723, P = 0.008;(0.60±0.41)和(0.84±0.58)L、t = 2.374, P = 0.020;(15.97±9.72)% vs(22.14±13.91)%,t = 2.652, P = 0.009;(54.35±21.90)% vs(65.20±25.67)%，t=2.133, P=0.036]。FE组吸入支气管扩张剂后FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FEV1%pred、FEF25-75、FEF50%pred均低于NFE组[(49.38±12.16)% vs(55.57±11.71)%，t=2.508, P=0.014;(1.32±0.52)和(1.57±0.65)L、t = 2.059, P = 0.042;(50.12±17.18)% vs(60.22±20.57)%,t = 2.591, P = 0.011;(0.59±0.37)L vs(0.75±0.42)L, t=2.026, P=0.046;(19.99±12.12)% vs(26.23±14.81)%，t=2.242, P=0.027]，以上结果差异有统计学意义。(3)血清标志物:FE组血红蛋白浓度(HGB)结果低于NFE组[142(21)g/L vs 148(18) g/L, Z=-2.159, P=0.031]，血清总IgE结果高于NFE组[166 (339)U/ml vs 71 (141) U/ml, Z=-2.041, P=0.041]，差异有统计学意义。(4)共病分布特征:113例患者共病33种，合并COPD患者比例为87.6%(n=99)。合并症的前三位分别是心血管系统疾病(52.2%)、过敏性疾病(48.7%)和代谢性疾病(24.8%)。恶性肿瘤发生率FE组低于NFE组(11.7% vs 30.2%， χ2=5.955, P=0.015)，差异有统计学意义。结论FE组COPD患者营养状况差，临床症状严重，BODE指数高，总IgE值高，肺功能损害更严重。关键词:肺部疾病;慢性阻塞性肺疾病;急性加重;肺功能;异位性;伴随疾病
{"title":"Clinical characteristics and significance of COPD patients with frequent and non-frequent exacerbations in stable stage in Third class and Grade-A hospitals of Shanghai area","authors":"Xiumin Feng, H. Ge, Xiahui Ge, Jingxi Zhang, Chong Bai, Huili Zhu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate and compare the clinical characteristics of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the frequent exacerbation (FE) and non frequent exacerbation (NFE) groups from the several Third class and Grade-A hospitals of Shanghai area, and analyze their clinical significance. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The clinical symptoms score, pulmonary lung function results, serum markers and the distribution of comorbidities of 113 patients diagnosed of stable COPD from October 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed and summarized in a retrospective, multicenter and cross-sectional survey.The patients were divided into FE group(n=60) and NFE group (n=53) and compared the differences between the two groups. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000(1)General characteristics: The mean age was (67.84±8.66) years old.There was no significant difference in age, course of disease and smoking exposure between the two groups.BMI in FE group was lower than that of in NFE group [(22.49±3.32) kg/m2 vs (24.07±3.58) kg/m2, t=2.431, P=0.017]. The CAT score[(17.30±7.59) vs (11.38±6.38), t=-4.458, P<0.001], SGRQ score[(37.29±14.82) vs (23.18±12.57), t=-5.288, P<0.001], BODE index[(3.96±1.97) vs (3.05±2.25), t=-2.061, P<0.042], HAMA score[14(12) vs 9(8), Z=-2.183, P=0.029], and the morbidity of GOLD3-4 patients (63.6% vs 43.1%, χ2=4.473, P=0.034) in FE group were all higher than those of in NFE group, there were significant differences in those results.(2)Pulmonary function: The results of FEV1, FEV1%pred, FVC%pred, FEF25-75, FEF25-75% pred, FEF50, FEF50% pred, DLCO%pred before bronchodilator inhalation in FE group were lower than those of NFE group[(1.14±0.47) L vs (1.39±0.64) L, t=2.314, P=0.023; (43.82±16.50)% vs (53.13±20.88)%, t=2.534, P=0.013; (69.06±17.85)% vs (76.65±19.14)%, t=2.110, P=0.037; (0.49±0.29) L vs (0.66±0.40) L, t=2.569, P=0.012; (16.50±8.69)% vs (21.81±12.58)%, t=2.723, P=0.008; (0.60±0.41) L vs (0.84±0.58) L, t=2.374, P=0.020; (15.97±9.72)% vs (22.14±13.91)%, t=2.652, P=0.009; and (54.35±21.90)% vs (65.20±25.67)%, t=2.133, P=0.036 respectivly]. The results of FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FEV1%pred, FEF25-75, FEF50%pred after bronchodilator inhalation in FE group were all lower than those of NFE group[(49.38±12.16)% vs (55.57±11.71)%, t=2.508, P=0.014; (1.32±0.52) L vs (1.57±0.65) L, t=2.059, P=0.042; (50.12±17.18)% vs (60.22±20.57)%, t=2.591, P=0.011; (0.59±0.37) L vs (0.75±0.42)L, t=2.026, P=0.046; and (19.99±12.12)% vs (26.23±14.81)%, t=2.242, P=0.027 respectivly], there were statistically significant difference in above results.(3) Serum markers: the results of hemoglobin concentration (HGB) in FE group was lower than that of in NFE group[142(21) g/L vs 148(18) g/L, Z=-2.159, P=0.031], and the result of serum total IgE was higher than that in NFE group[166 (339) U/ml vs 71 (141) U/ml, Z=-2.041, P=0.041], the difference was statistically significant.(4)Distribution characteristics of comorbidities: There were 33 kinds of comorbidities in the 113 patients, and the propo","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86565173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-05DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.05.003
Ling-Qun Hu, Tian Yu, Hua Guo, Xiao-Feng Zheng
Objective To observe the clinical effect of bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with respiratory failure. Methods A total of 120 patients with COPD and respiratory failure who were treated in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Sixth People′s Hospital of Chengdu from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into 2 groups, and the control group (n=60) was given conventional medication Nasal catheter low-flow oxygen inhalation therapy, the experimental group (n=60) was given conventional medication+ BiPAP combined with NIV treatment; the heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), pH value, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen in artery (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1%pred, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scoring system (APACHE Ⅱ), blood gas improvement time hospital stay, complications before the statistical test group and control group patients were observed. Results The experimental group and the control group patients before treatment of HR, RR, pH and PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2, FVC, FEV1, FEV1%pred, APACHE Ⅱ there were no statistically significant difference comparing (t=1.306, 1.041, 1.058, 1.140, 1.026, 1.260, 1.021, 1.274, 1.165, 1.529, all P>0.05), but after treatment group comparison between HR, RR, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2, FVC, FEV1, FEV1%pred, APACHE Ⅱ each index difference were statistically significant (t=3.254, 3.985, 3.052, 4.162, 3.262, 5.124, 3.544, 3.127, 5.251, 3.184, all P<0.05). There were significant differences in blood gas improvement time, hospitalization time and complication rate between the experimental group and the control group (t=3.658, 5.187, χ2=26.359, both P<0.05). Conclusions BiPAP NIV can effectively treat COPD complicated with respiratory failure, but attention should be paid to strengthen targeted nursing intervention to reduce the risk of related complications. Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Respiratory insufficiency; Bi-level positive airway pressure; Non-invasive ventilation; Clinical curative effect
{"title":"Clinical analysis of double level positive airway pressure in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure","authors":"Ling-Qun Hu, Tian Yu, Hua Guo, Xiao-Feng Zheng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To observe the clinical effect of bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with respiratory failure. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A total of 120 patients with COPD and respiratory failure who were treated in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Sixth People′s Hospital of Chengdu from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into 2 groups, and the control group (n=60) was given conventional medication Nasal catheter low-flow oxygen inhalation therapy, the experimental group (n=60) was given conventional medication+ BiPAP combined with NIV treatment; the heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), pH value, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen in artery (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1%pred, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scoring system (APACHE Ⅱ), blood gas improvement time hospital stay, complications before the statistical test group and control group patients were observed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The experimental group and the control group patients before treatment of HR, RR, pH and PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2, FVC, FEV1, FEV1%pred, APACHE Ⅱ there were no statistically significant difference comparing (t=1.306, 1.041, 1.058, 1.140, 1.026, 1.260, 1.021, 1.274, 1.165, 1.529, all P>0.05), but after treatment group comparison between HR, RR, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2, FVC, FEV1, FEV1%pred, APACHE Ⅱ each index difference were statistically significant (t=3.254, 3.985, 3.052, 4.162, 3.262, 5.124, 3.544, 3.127, 5.251, 3.184, all P<0.05). There were significant differences in blood gas improvement time, hospitalization time and complication rate between the experimental group and the control group (t=3.658, 5.187, χ2=26.359, both P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000BiPAP NIV can effectively treat COPD complicated with respiratory failure, but attention should be paid to strengthen targeted nursing intervention to reduce the risk of related complications. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Respiratory insufficiency; Bi-level positive airway pressure; Non-invasive ventilation; Clinical curative effect","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84839762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-26DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.CN131368-20200222-00077
Xixin Yan, Jia-Te Wei
The Spring Festival in 2020 has an unusual beginning. Novel coronavirus pneumonia has become the focus of attention in the whole country. Since mid-December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia has experienced three stages: local outbreak, community transmission and wide spread over the world.The source of infection is more hidden, the route of transmission is more cunning, and the clinical manifestations are more diverse, resulting in faster and much more widespread outbreak than SARS . It has constituted a public health emergency of international concern.Up to now, there is no special drug for the novel coronavirus. Some of the drugs that have been initially selected with potential anti-coronavirus effects are also being tested for efficacy. Although the epidemic situation is still severe, the people of the whole country are working together to win the epidemic. Key words: Novel coronavirus; Novel coronavirus pneumonia; Antiviral drugs
{"title":"An unusual beginning of the rat year: Corona Virus Disease 2019","authors":"Xixin Yan, Jia-Te Wei","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.CN131368-20200222-00077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.CN131368-20200222-00077","url":null,"abstract":"The Spring Festival in 2020 has an unusual beginning. Novel coronavirus pneumonia has become the focus of attention in the whole country. Since mid-December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia has experienced three stages: local outbreak, community transmission and wide spread over the world.The source of infection is more hidden, the route of transmission is more cunning, and the clinical manifestations are more diverse, resulting in faster and much more widespread outbreak than SARS . It has constituted a public health emergency of international concern.Up to now, there is no special drug for the novel coronavirus. Some of the drugs that have been initially selected with potential anti-coronavirus effects are also being tested for efficacy. Although the epidemic situation is still severe, the people of the whole country are working together to win the epidemic. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Novel coronavirus; Novel coronavirus pneumonia; Antiviral drugs","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73800563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.012
Jiangwen Yin
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a technique for providing temporary extracorporeal respiratory circulation support in patients with respiratory failure who are difficult to treat with conventional therapy (mechanical ventilation). During extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, blood exits from the patient′s venous system, and then enters the artificial membrane lung for oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal, and finally returned to the patient.In order to avoid the loss of normal lung function, mechanical ventilation is still necessary in the process of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but there is no clear guidance on how to set mechanical ventilation parameters during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Therefore, this article will briefly describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of gas exchange during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and summarize the mechanical ventilation strategies in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation process with available evidence and literature. Key words: Respiration, artificial; Tidal volume; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Driving pressure
{"title":"Mechanical ventilation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","authors":"Jiangwen Yin","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a technique for providing temporary extracorporeal respiratory circulation support in patients with respiratory failure who are difficult to treat with conventional therapy (mechanical ventilation). During extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, blood exits from the patient′s venous system, and then enters the artificial membrane lung for oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal, and finally returned to the patient.In order to avoid the loss of normal lung function, mechanical ventilation is still necessary in the process of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but there is no clear guidance on how to set mechanical ventilation parameters during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Therefore, this article will briefly describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of gas exchange during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and summarize the mechanical ventilation strategies in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation process with available evidence and literature. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Respiration, artificial; Tidal volume; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Driving pressure","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72828667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.009
Jianwei Gao, Hui Xiao
Mucin-1 (MUC1) is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein that is expressed on the surface of most epithelial cells and maintains homeostasis in epithelial barriers.MUC1 is over-expressed and abnormally glycosylated in various malignant tumors and can promote tumorigenesis and metastasis.Aberrant glycosylation and expression of tumor-associated MUC1 result in the generation of cancer-specific epitopes, providing opportunities for vaccine design.Currently, MUC1-targeted vaccines have been extensively tested in human clinical trials and can be classified into four categories: peptide-conjugate, glycan, viral vector and dendritic cell vaccines.TG4010, a viral vector vaccine, has revealed significant clinical efficacy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in combination with chemotherapy.This review summarized the current clinical trails of MUC1-targeted tumor vaccines. Key words: Cancer vaccines; Immunotherapy; Mucin-1; TG4010
{"title":"Advances in research of cancer vaccines targeting Mucin-1","authors":"Jianwei Gao, Hui Xiao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"Mucin-1 (MUC1) is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein that is expressed on the surface of most epithelial cells and maintains homeostasis in epithelial barriers.MUC1 is over-expressed and abnormally glycosylated in various malignant tumors and can promote tumorigenesis and metastasis.Aberrant glycosylation and expression of tumor-associated MUC1 result in the generation of cancer-specific epitopes, providing opportunities for vaccine design.Currently, MUC1-targeted vaccines have been extensively tested in human clinical trials and can be classified into four categories: peptide-conjugate, glycan, viral vector and dendritic cell vaccines.TG4010, a viral vector vaccine, has revealed significant clinical efficacy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in combination with chemotherapy.This review summarized the current clinical trails of MUC1-targeted tumor vaccines. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Cancer vaccines; Immunotherapy; Mucin-1; TG4010","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85156746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.007
Yanyan Ding, Yongxiang Zhang, Ruimin Li, Lei Xue
Objective To study the effect of external diaphragmatic pacing on lung function and exercise endurance in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Methods There were 120 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to Daxing Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2017 to May 2018 selected as study subjects, and divided into observation group and control group by random number table method, with 60 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were given conventional treatment, and patients in the observation group were treated with extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacing on the basis of the control group.The indexes of forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity, forcad vital capacity, partical pressure of oxygen in artery, arterial oxygen saturation, partical pressure of carbon dioxide in artery, myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase before and after treatment in the two groups were compared.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test and modified British medical research council (mMRC) scores before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the levels of forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity and maximum ventilation per minute in the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). The levels of partical pressure of oxygen in artery and arterial oxygen saturation in the observation group after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). Partical pressure of carbon dioxide in artery in the observation group was significantly lower than that before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of cough, sputum, chest tightness, climbing, housework, confidence in outdoor activities, sleep and spirit in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mMRC grade between the two groups before treatment (Z=0.283, P=0.963). After treatment, the mMRC grade of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (Z=9.318, P=0.025). Conclusions Extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacing for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can improve the patient′s lung function, relieve the patient′s clinical symptoms, improve exercise endurance, worthy of clinical application. Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Respiratory fu
{"title":"Effects of extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacing on pulmonary function and exercise endurance in patients with chronic respiratory failure","authors":"Yanyan Ding, Yongxiang Zhang, Ruimin Li, Lei Xue","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To study the effect of external diaphragmatic pacing on lung function and exercise endurance in patients with chronic respiratory failure. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000There were 120 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to Daxing Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2017 to May 2018 selected as study subjects, and divided into observation group and control group by random number table method, with 60 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were given conventional treatment, and patients in the observation group were treated with extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacing on the basis of the control group.The indexes of forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity, forcad vital capacity, partical pressure of oxygen in artery, arterial oxygen saturation, partical pressure of carbon dioxide in artery, myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase before and after treatment in the two groups were compared.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test and modified British medical research council (mMRC) scores before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000After treatment, the levels of forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity and maximum ventilation per minute in the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). The levels of partical pressure of oxygen in artery and arterial oxygen saturation in the observation group after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). Partical pressure of carbon dioxide in artery in the observation group was significantly lower than that before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of cough, sputum, chest tightness, climbing, housework, confidence in outdoor activities, sleep and spirit in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mMRC grade between the two groups before treatment (Z=0.283, P=0.963). After treatment, the mMRC grade of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (Z=9.318, P=0.025). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacing for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can improve the patient′s lung function, relieve the patient′s clinical symptoms, improve exercise endurance, worthy of clinical application. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Respiratory fu","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79023485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.002
Yu-da Zhao, Nan Zhang, Hongming Ma, L. Luo
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of cryoablation and bronchial artery embolization combined with epithelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma after drug resistance progression. Methods The study retrospectively analyzed 32 patients with sensitive EGFR mutations and showed a clinical benefit from initial EGFR-TKI and then advanced in Emergency General Hospital from March 2012 to December 2018.These patients (T790M negative) received cryoablation and continued on the same EGFR-TKI.Then calculated PFS1: from initial EGFR TKIs to first disease progression, PFS2: from cryoablation to second progression, OS: overall survival, OS1: the overall survival after cryoablation. Results The mean PFS1 of 32 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma was (12.4±8.6) months.Among them, 14 patients were treated with bronchial artery embolization before cryoablation, and a total of 38 lesions were ablated.The mean PFS2 time was (6.7±2.9) months.The mean OS time was (31.5±13.5) months, in which OS1 was (15.5±7.6) months.Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between PFS1 and PFS2 with OS, and the time from cryoablation after the progress of targeted therapy was correlated with OS.A few of complications after bronchial artery embolization combined with cryoablation were pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage, the symptoms could be gradually relieved after treatment. Conclusions This study shows that cryoablation combined with EGFR-TKIs can prolong the survival of patients after drug resistance progression and with less complications, and achieve clinical benefits. Key words: Adenocarcinoma; Cryosurgery; Epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors; Bronchial artery embolization; Progress
{"title":"Local therapy with continued EGFR-TKIs as a treatment in lung adenocarcinomas which have acquired drug resistance","authors":"Yu-da Zhao, Nan Zhang, Hongming Ma, L. Luo","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the clinical efficacy of cryoablation and bronchial artery embolization combined with epithelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma after drug resistance progression. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The study retrospectively analyzed 32 patients with sensitive EGFR mutations and showed a clinical benefit from initial EGFR-TKI and then advanced in Emergency General Hospital from March 2012 to December 2018.These patients (T790M negative) received cryoablation and continued on the same EGFR-TKI.Then calculated PFS1: from initial EGFR TKIs to first disease progression, PFS2: from cryoablation to second progression, OS: overall survival, OS1: the overall survival after cryoablation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The mean PFS1 of 32 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma was (12.4±8.6) months.Among them, 14 patients were treated with bronchial artery embolization before cryoablation, and a total of 38 lesions were ablated.The mean PFS2 time was (6.7±2.9) months.The mean OS time was (31.5±13.5) months, in which OS1 was (15.5±7.6) months.Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between PFS1 and PFS2 with OS, and the time from cryoablation after the progress of targeted therapy was correlated with OS.A few of complications after bronchial artery embolization combined with cryoablation were pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage, the symptoms could be gradually relieved after treatment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000This study shows that cryoablation combined with EGFR-TKIs can prolong the survival of patients after drug resistance progression and with less complications, and achieve clinical benefits. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Adenocarcinoma; Cryosurgery; Epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors; Bronchial artery embolization; Progress","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89365343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.008
Yuxiu Wang
The ubiquitin-proteinasome system (UPS) is a complex control system responsible for the degradation of 80%-90% of proteins and is the key to regulating cellular function and maintaining protein homology.Studies have shown that it plays an important role in the development of a variety of tumors.Therefore, the component of UPS has attracted extensive attention as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in recent years.This article reviews the research status of UPS in non-small cell lung cancer and its potential mechanism in the development of non-small cell lung cancer. Key words: Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; Ubquitin-proteinasome system; Mechanism
{"title":"The potential mechanism of ubiquitin-proteasome system in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Yuxiu Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitin-proteinasome system (UPS) is a complex control system responsible for the degradation of 80%-90% of proteins and is the key to regulating cellular function and maintaining protein homology.Studies have shown that it plays an important role in the development of a variety of tumors.Therefore, the component of UPS has attracted extensive attention as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in recent years.This article reviews the research status of UPS in non-small cell lung cancer and its potential mechanism in the development of non-small cell lung cancer. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; Ubquitin-proteinasome system; Mechanism","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83360419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.004
Yanfeng Fang, Yansheng Liu, Y. Nan, Wei Liu, Hongjun Zhang, Yani Sun, F. Jin
Objective To study the part of clinical characteristics of trachea or bronchi adenoid cystic carcinoma and clinical value of the bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy about it. Methods This study summarized total 50 patients of tracheal or bronchus adenoid cystic carcinoma who are diagnosed, treated and carefully followed in Tangdu hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University from January 2010 to July 2018.They were divided into bronchoscope intervention group (24 cases) and operation group (26 cases) And a retrospective analysis was then performed with their part of clinical characteristics and the comparison of therapeutic effect between the bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy and the surgery. Results There were 30 females and 20 males and the median age was 49.62 years old.The main symptoms of all 50 cases were cough, expectoration and shortness of breath and some of them also accompany with hemoptysis and chest pain.Among 50 cases, 23 cases of carcinoma occurred in middle-to-lower bronchial segments, which is the largest part of all cases.8 cases scored grade Ⅰ at Borg index, 18 cases scored grade Ⅱ, 11 cases scored grade Ⅲ, and 13 cases scored grade Ⅳ.26 patients accepted surgery for the first time, and the other 24 patients accepted more than two kinds of bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy for the first time.And the trachea or bronchi stenosis remission rate between two groups had no statistically difference (χ2=6.019, P=0.111). The Borg index after the bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy (Z=-4.622, P<0.001) and the surgery (Z=-5.553, P<0.001) were both improved, and the difference was statistically significant.There was one case accepted the bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy had a bad hemorrhage during the therapy. Conclusions Shortness of breath, unoperated patients with symptoms of bronchoscopy intervention can reduce the shortness of breath index, relieve shortness of breath, and the degree of stenosis of the humen is high.It is worthy of chlinical promotion. Key words: Thoracic surgical procedures; Adenoid cystic carcinoma of trachea; Electronic bronchoscope
{"title":"Clinical experience of 50 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of trachea and bronchi","authors":"Yanfeng Fang, Yansheng Liu, Y. Nan, Wei Liu, Hongjun Zhang, Yani Sun, F. Jin","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To study the part of clinical characteristics of trachea or bronchi adenoid cystic carcinoma and clinical value of the bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy about it. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000This study summarized total 50 patients of tracheal or bronchus adenoid cystic carcinoma who are diagnosed, treated and carefully followed in Tangdu hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University from January 2010 to July 2018.They were divided into bronchoscope intervention group (24 cases) and operation group (26 cases) And a retrospective analysis was then performed with their part of clinical characteristics and the comparison of therapeutic effect between the bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy and the surgery. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000There were 30 females and 20 males and the median age was 49.62 years old.The main symptoms of all 50 cases were cough, expectoration and shortness of breath and some of them also accompany with hemoptysis and chest pain.Among 50 cases, 23 cases of carcinoma occurred in middle-to-lower bronchial segments, which is the largest part of all cases.8 cases scored grade Ⅰ at Borg index, 18 cases scored grade Ⅱ, 11 cases scored grade Ⅲ, and 13 cases scored grade Ⅳ.26 patients accepted surgery for the first time, and the other 24 patients accepted more than two kinds of bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy for the first time.And the trachea or bronchi stenosis remission rate between two groups had no statistically difference (χ2=6.019, P=0.111). The Borg index after the bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy (Z=-4.622, P<0.001) and the surgery (Z=-5.553, P<0.001) were both improved, and the difference was statistically significant.There was one case accepted the bronchoscopy cavity interventional therapy had a bad hemorrhage during the therapy. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Shortness of breath, unoperated patients with symptoms of bronchoscopy intervention can reduce the shortness of breath index, relieve shortness of breath, and the degree of stenosis of the humen is high.It is worthy of chlinical promotion. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Thoracic surgical procedures; Adenoid cystic carcinoma of trachea; Electronic bronchoscope","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78355627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.006
Xiaohua Zhang
Objective To explore the mechanism of catechin regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in improving allergic airway inflammation in young rats. Methods There were 50 SPF-class BALB/c mice randomly divided into model group, normal group, positive control group, low dose catechin group and high dose catechin group each group.In addition to the normal group, all other groups of mice prepared an allergic asthma model.After successful modeling, the positive control group mice were given a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone solution, a low dose of catechin and catechin.The high-dose group was intragastrically dosed with 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg catechin solution.The model group and the normal group were intragastrically administered with normal saline once daily.The cells, total cell count, interleukin-13 (IL-13), IL-5 and IL-4 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice were observed, p-p38MAPK, ERK, p-ERK, p38MAPK protein expression and p38MAPK, ERK mRNA expression in lung tissue of mice were detected. Results Compared with the normal group, the levels of IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4 in BALF of the model group were increased.Compared with the model group, the positive control group, the low dose group of catechin and the high dose group of catechin were small.The levels of IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4 in BALF were decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with normal group, p-p38MAPK and p-ERK in lung tissue of model group mice.The protein expression was increased.Compared with the model group, the expression of p-p38MAPK and p-ERK protein in the lung tissue of the positive control group, the low-dose catechin group and the high-dose catechin group were decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05); Compared with the normal group, the expression of p38MAPK and ERK mRNA in the lung tissue of the model group increased; Compared group, positive control group, the lung tissue catechins catechin low dose group and high dose group mice p38MAPK, ERK mRNA was decreased, there was significant difference (all P<0.05). Conclusions Catechin can effectively improve the airway inflammation in allergic asthma mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ERK/MAPK signal pathway activation. Key words: Allergic asthma; Airway inflammation; Catechin
{"title":"Mechanism of catechin regulating MAPK pathway in improving allergic airway inflammation in young rats","authors":"Xiaohua Zhang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-436X.2020.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To explore the mechanism of catechin regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in improving allergic airway inflammation in young rats. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000There were 50 SPF-class BALB/c mice randomly divided into model group, normal group, positive control group, low dose catechin group and high dose catechin group each group.In addition to the normal group, all other groups of mice prepared an allergic asthma model.After successful modeling, the positive control group mice were given a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone solution, a low dose of catechin and catechin.The high-dose group was intragastrically dosed with 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg catechin solution.The model group and the normal group were intragastrically administered with normal saline once daily.The cells, total cell count, interleukin-13 (IL-13), IL-5 and IL-4 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice were observed, p-p38MAPK, ERK, p-ERK, p38MAPK protein expression and p38MAPK, ERK mRNA expression in lung tissue of mice were detected. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Compared with the normal group, the levels of IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4 in BALF of the model group were increased.Compared with the model group, the positive control group, the low dose group of catechin and the high dose group of catechin were small.The levels of IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4 in BALF were decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with normal group, p-p38MAPK and p-ERK in lung tissue of model group mice.The protein expression was increased.Compared with the model group, the expression of p-p38MAPK and p-ERK protein in the lung tissue of the positive control group, the low-dose catechin group and the high-dose catechin group were decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05); Compared with the normal group, the expression of p38MAPK and ERK mRNA in the lung tissue of the model group increased; Compared group, positive control group, the lung tissue catechins catechin low dose group and high dose group mice p38MAPK, ERK mRNA was decreased, there was significant difference (all P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Catechin can effectively improve the airway inflammation in allergic asthma mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ERK/MAPK signal pathway activation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Allergic asthma; Airway inflammation; Catechin","PeriodicalId":10004,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Asthma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86588345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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