Animal - Open Space最新文献_第3页

Erratum to “A workflow to study the microbiota profile of piglet’s umbilical cord blood: from sampling to data analysis” [Animal Open Space 2 (2023) 100031] “研究仔猪脐带血微生物群的工作流程：从采样到数据分析”[动物开放空间2(2023)100031]的勘误

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100102

Francesco Palumbo , Marion Girard , Federico Correa , Giuseppe Bee , Paolo Trevisi

引用次数: 0

Erratum to “Method: Standard operating procedure for the administration of swallowable devices to study pig’s gut content in a non-invasive way” [Animal Open Space 3 (2024) 100076] “方法：以无创方式使用可吞咽装置研究猪肠道内容物的标准操作程序”的勘误[动物开放空间3 (2024)100076]

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100101

I. García Viñado , G. Bee , P. Trevisi , C. Ollagnier

引用次数: 0

Data paper: Pig body composition during growth determined non-destructively or through dissection and intramuscular fat content in different anatomical locations 资料论文：通过非破坏性或解剖和不同解剖部位肌内脂肪含量测定生长期猪体组成

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100100

M. Font-i-Furnols, A. Brun

Data from the body composition of 90 pigs from three crossbreeds (Duroc × (Landrace × Large White), Pietrain × (Landrace × Large White) and Landrace × Large White) obtained at four different moments during growth (30, 70, 100 and 120 kg BW) are presented. Moreover, a subsample of pigs at 30, 70 and 100 kg as well as all those of 120 kg were slaughtered. All left carcasses were cut following the EU reference cutting and some of them dissected, either through a simplified dissection (four main cuts) or a full dissection (all the cuts except head and front and hind feet). At each target BW, live pigs were scanned by computed tomography (CT), providing the volume associated with each Hounsfield value. In addition, several measures (area, thickness, etc.) were obtained from CT images at specific anatomical locations, in order to characterise the body composition. Carcass characteristics (fat and muscle thickness) were also obtained directly from the carcass after slaughter and the weight and intramuscular fat content of three ham muscles and three loin locations were determined. This information can be used to develop growth curves for different tissues and cuts and to understand tissue deposition at various growth stages, either globally across all animals or to compare genotypes. Also, it provides a valuable database for exploring the relationship between whole carcass composition and that of the individual cuts, since it provides both the weight of all the cuts and the different tissue weights from dissections. Moreover, differences between full and simplified dissection can be studied from the database. Intramuscular fat is an important quality trait that affects consumer acceptance of meat, both visually and in terms of eating quality. Usually, intramuscular fat is measured in one muscle, but the database provides information from six different muscle/locations in the pig carcass, allowing a deeper analysis of this attribute. All these data have been used in several publications, but it can be reused and reanalysed using alternative methodologies and for different purposes.

本文介绍了90头杂交品种（杜×长×大）、皮特兰×长×大和长×大)在生长期间4个不同时刻（30、70、100和120 kg体重）的体成分数据。此外，屠宰了30、70和100公斤的猪子样本以及所有120公斤的猪。所有剩下的尸体都是按照欧盟的参考切割方法切割的，其中一些是通过简化的切割（四个主要切割）或完整的切割（除了头部和前后脚的所有切割）进行解剖的。在每个目标体重处，通过计算机断层扫描（CT）对生猪进行扫描，获得与每个Hounsfield值相关的体积。此外，从特定解剖位置的CT图像中获得一些测量（面积，厚度等），以表征身体组成。屠宰后直接从胴体中获得胴体特征（脂肪和肌肉厚度），并测定了3块火腿肌肉和3个腰部部位的重量和肌内脂肪含量。这些信息可用于绘制不同组织和切口的生长曲线，并了解所有动物在全球范围内或比较基因型的不同生长阶段的组织沉积。此外，它还提供了一个有价值的数据库，用于探索整个胴体组成与单个切肉组成之间的关系，因为它既提供了所有切肉的重量，也提供了来自解剖的不同组织重量。此外，还可以从数据库中研究完整解剖和简化解剖的差异。肌内脂肪是影响消费者对肉类接受度的重要品质特征，无论是视觉上还是食用质量上。通常，肌内脂肪是在一块肌肉中测量的，但数据库提供了猪胴体中六个不同肌肉/位置的信息，允许对这一属性进行更深入的分析。所有这些数据已在若干出版物中使用，但可以使用其他方法并为不同目的重新使用和重新分析。

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引用次数: 0

Erratum to “Processing weights of chickens determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: 1. Weight changes due to fasting, bleeding, and chilling” [Animal Open Space 1 (2022) 100024] “用双能x射线吸收仪测定鸡的加工重量”的勘误：1。由于禁食、出血和寒冷导致的体重变化”[动物开放空间1 (2022)100024]

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100103

D.A. Martinez, N. Suesuttajit, J.T. Weil, P. Maharjan , A. Beitia , K. Hilton , C. Umberson, A. Scott, C.N. Coon

引用次数: 0

Method: Using a commercial precision livestock farming activity collar to automatically record and classify dairy cow activity at pasture 方法：采用商品化的精准畜牧活动项圈对牧场奶牛活动进行自动记录和分类

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100099

M. Bouchon , H. Chanel , L. Rouchez , B. Martin , M. Coppa

Precision livestock farming technologies are increasingly being implemented on farms to enhance the management of key processes such as reproduction and feeding. Accelerometer technologies are the most spread and are able to provide a large quantity of data on animal activity. However, these data need to be validated against gold standards before being used further in research. We aim at validating the output from Axel Medria® device, a three-axis accelerometer sensor that automatically processes the raw data and classifies the main activity by 5−min epoch, for which the manufacturer does not disclose the classification algorithm. Two groups of six cows were observed during 30 h each, grazing on pasture, during two trials. The objective was to compare the agreement between sensor data and visual observations at different time windows. We used a confusion matrix analysis to assess the correspondence between visual observation and the output of the Medria algorithm and linear regressions associated along with a Bland-Altman analysis to compare the time budgets retrieved from the two sources. We focused on three activities (grazing, ruminating and resting) and on the posture of the animal (standing/lying). Sensitivity was >73.5% for all activities except for resting (48.8%). Specificity reached 87.6–91.9% for all activities but posture showed a poorer result (67.0%). Nevertheless, accuracy was above 80% for the three activities and the posture and precision were more variable, the best results being obtained for posture (88.3%) and for grazing (93.6%). Linear regressions showed slopes between 0.73 and 0.99 for all activities and of 0.81 for posture, but differences between observers across the two trials have been observed for resting. R² were more variable, ranging from 0.30 (for resting in second year) to 0.84 for grazing. The Bland-Altman analysis showed good results despite significant bias for grazing, rumination and resting (only the first year). Due to the technology embedded in Axel Medria ® sensors, their performances were slightly lower than that of other devices which technologies are more precise for estimating specific behaviour (e.g. recording jaw movements is more precise to detect rumination). Nevertheless, Axel Medria ® sensors can provide indicators on different activities and over longer periods of time. The tested device, largely applied on commercial farms, showed good agreement with visual observation. Data can thus be used as a proxy to study dairy cow behaviour at pasture, on large cow groups over a long time, in experimental or commercial farms.

养殖场越来越多地采用精密畜牧业技术，以加强对繁殖和饲养等关键过程的管理。加速度计技术是最广泛的，能够提供大量的动物活动数据。然而，在进一步用于研究之前，这些数据需要根据金标准进行验证。我们的目标是验证Axel mediia®设备的输出，该设备是一种三轴加速度计传感器，可自动处理原始数据并按5 - min epoch对主要活动进行分类，制造商未透露分类算法。在两次试验中，观察两组奶牛，每组6头，在牧场上放牧30 h。目的是比较不同时间窗下传感器数据和视觉观测之间的一致性。我们使用混淆矩阵分析来评估视觉观察与media算法输出之间的对应关系，并使用线性回归与Bland-Altman分析来比较从两种来源检索到的时间预算。我们专注于三种活动（放牧，反刍和休息）和动物的姿势（站立/躺着）。除休息（48.8%）外，所有活动的敏感性为73.5%。所有活动的特异性达到87.6-91.9%，但姿势的特异性较差（67.0%）。3种活动的精度均在80%以上，姿态和精度变化较大，姿态和放牧的精度分别为88.3%和93.6%。线性回归显示，所有活动的斜率在0.73和0.99之间，姿势的斜率为0.81，但在两项试验中观察到休息时观察者之间的差异。R2变化较大，从0.30（第二年休息）到0.84（放牧）。Bland-Altman的分析显示了良好的结果，尽管放牧、反刍和休息（只有第一年）有明显的偏差。由于Axel mediia®传感器中嵌入的技术，它们的性能略低于其他技术更精确地估计特定行为的设备（例如，记录下巴运动更精确地检测反刍）。尽管如此，Axel mediia®传感器可以提供不同活动和更长时间的指标。该试验装置已广泛应用于商业农场，与目测结果吻合良好。因此，数据可以作为一个代理来研究牧场上奶牛的行为，在实验或商业农场的大型奶牛群体中，在很长一段时间。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of a product of the solid-state fermentation of Aspergillus niger on the in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of rations fed to dairy cattle 黑曲霉固态发酵产物对奶牛饲粮体外瘤胃发酵动力学的影响

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100098

S.E. Yerby , J. Huntington , H. Warren , N.N. Jonsson

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of incubating different doses of Synergen® (0, 0.5, 2, 5 mg/g substrate), a product of the solid-state fermentation of Aspergillus niger (ANP) containing residual enzyme activities, with two total mixed rations (TMR) formulated for dairy cattle, on the kinetics and end products of in vitro rumen fermentation. The inclusion of fungal fermentation products in cattle rations has improved digestibility measures and production performance and, may offer an avenue to improve the sustainability of ruminant production. In this study, a dose-responsive effect was observed for gas production from a high starch TMR over a 72-h incubation; doses of 2 and 5 mg ANP/g substrate significantly increased gas production by 33 ml (P = 0.024) and 32.9 ml (P = 0.025), respectively, compared to controls. However, no effect of treatment was observed on volatile fatty acid composition at the end of incubations. ANP treatment had no effect on the fermentation kinetics of a low starch TMR, suggesting that the dominant effect of treatment was amylolytic. Further research into the effects of ANP in cattle models is required to explore the utility of the product on farm.

本研究的目的是确定不同剂量的含有残余酶活性的黑曲霉（ANP）固态发酵产物Synergen®（0、0.5、2、5 mg/g底物）与两种奶牛全混合日粮（TMR）共同培养对体外瘤胃发酵动力学和最终产物的影响。在牛口粮中添加真菌发酵产物改善了消化率指标和生产性能，并可能为提高反刍动物生产的可持续性提供一条途径。在这项研究中，在72小时的孵育过程中，观察到高淀粉TMR对产气的剂量响应效应；与对照组相比，2和5 mg ANP/g底物的剂量分别显著增加了33 ml （P = 0.024）和32.9 ml （P = 0.025）的产气量。然而，在孵育结束时，未观察到处理对挥发性脂肪酸组成的影响。ANP处理对低淀粉TMR发酵动力学没有影响，表明处理的主要作用是淀粉水解。需要进一步研究ANP对牛模型的影响，以探索该产品在农场上的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Energy, protein, dry matter, and water gap analysis in dairy cows kept under cut and carry fodder-based feeding systems 在以割和携带饲料为基础的饲养系统中奶牛的能量、蛋白质、干物质和水分缺口分析

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100097

O. Umunezero , C.K. Gachuiri , M. Mutimura

A study was conducted to determine the DM, water, protein, and energy intake of lactating dairy cows and compared with their requirements for potential milk production under a cut-and-carry fodder-based feeding system in Rwanda’s lowland and highland regions. Ninety-six dairy cows from 96 smallholder farms were purposively included in the data collection process. Data on feed characterisation were computed using the Farm DESIGN models while data on cows’ production requirements were calculated using LIGAPS dairy models. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a GLM with univariate analysis in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results on feed characteristics showed that the mean nutritive value of the served fodder was 25% DM, 58.5% NDF, 9.8% CP, and 6 MJ of metabolisable energy (ME) per kg DM. Results showed the mean daily DM intake was 9 kg, daily water intake 35 L, 898 g of CP, and 55 MJ of ME, resulting in a mean daily milk production of 8.8L across both regions. However, the calculated average requirement for maintaining a dairy cow with a BW of 430 kg and potential milk production of 16.5 L/day was 15 kg of DM, 57 L of water, 1 907 g of CP, and 137 MJ of ME. This resulted in daily deficits of 6 kg DM, 21.6 L of water, 1 094 g of CP, and 83.7 MJ of ME. Available fodder was low in quantity and quality for the provision of nutrients for maintenance and production to express the genetic potential of lactating cows in smallholder farms.

在卢旺达低地和高地地区进行了一项研究，以确定哺乳奶牛的干物质、水、蛋白质和能量摄入量，并与它们在收割和搬运饲料喂养系统下的潜在产奶量需求进行比较。来自96个小农场的96头奶牛被有意纳入数据收集过程。饲料特性数据使用Farm DESIGN模型计算，奶牛生产需求数据使用LIGAPS乳制品模型计算。使用社会科学统计软件包中的描述性统计和单变量分析GLM对数据进行分析。结果表明，所喂饲料的平均营养价值为：干物质25%、非蛋白质58.5%、粗蛋白质9.8%、代谢能6 MJ / kg干物质。结果表明，平均日干物质采食量为9 kg，日采水量为35 L，粗蛋白质898 g，代谢能55 MJ，两个地区的平均日产奶量为8.8L。然而，维持一头体重为430 kg、潜在产奶量为16.5 L/d的奶牛的平均需水量为：DM 15 kg、水分57 L、CP 1 907 g和ME 137 MJ。这导致了每日6千克DM、21.6升水、1 094克CP和83.7 MJ ME的不足。在小农农场中，可获得的饲料质量和数量都很低，无法提供维持和生产所需的营养，以表达泌乳奶牛的遗传潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Method: An alternative tool for heart rate data processing in grazing cattle 方法：放牧牛心率数据处理的替代工具

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100094

F. Marín , M. Carriquiry , H. Naya

Heart rate (HR) has proven to be a non-invasive method to assess animal welfare and stress as well as a valuable tool to evaluate several animal traits related to metabolism. Remote sensors have provided the opportunity to monitor this trait individually; nevertheless, this continuous monitoring is prone to measurement errors and thus must be subjected to corrections. Nonetheless, it has proven difficult to establish a general correction method that does not involve a visual examination or does not depend on commercial software related to the measuring sensor. In this sense, this study aimed to develop a simple protocol using R software scripting that could objectively remove erroneous registers from individual 4-day grazing Hereford cattle recordings based on Polar sensors’ data. Using this method, we successfully decreased spurious variation of HR individual records and used this method on other cattle breeds. Nonetheless, calibration could be necessary if the conditions (i.e., other breeds, different physiological states) vary from the ones described in this study.

心率（HR）已被证明是一种评估动物福利和压力的非侵入性方法，也是评估动物代谢相关特征的有价值的工具。遥感器提供了单独监测这一特征的机会；然而，这种连续监测容易产生测量误差，因此必须进行修正。尽管如此，事实证明很难建立一种不涉及视觉检查或不依赖于与测量传感器相关的商业软件的通用校正方法。从这个意义上讲，本研究旨在使用R软件脚本开发一个简单的协议，该协议可以客观地从基于Polar传感器数据的赫里福德牛4天放牧记录中删除错误记录。利用该方法，我们成功地减少了HR个体记录的虚假变异，并将该方法应用于其他牛品种。尽管如此，如果条件（即，其他品种，不同的生理状态）与本研究中描述的不同，则可能需要校准。

引用次数: 0

Apparent zinc absorption in Ayrshire and Holstein lactating cows 埃尔郡和荷尔斯坦泌乳奶牛锌的表观吸收

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100096

M. Duplessis , F. Hassanat , C. Côrtes , C. Benchaar

There is a lack of data about potential differences in trace mineral absorption within dairy cow breeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate if apparent zinc absorption between Ayrshire and Holstein lactating cows differs. A total of 12 multiparous cows (six Ayrshire and six Holstein) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with periods of 35-day duration (26 days of diet adaptation followed by data collection). Daily intake and total fecal collection were performed on 7 consecutive days. Daily samples of total mixed ration, refusals, and feces were composited by week and analysed for zinc concentration by atomic absorption spectrometry. Apparent absorption was calculated as daily dietary intake minus excretion in feces over dietary intake. The percentage of inclusion of the mineral and vitamin supplement was 1.56 and 1.47% for Ayrshire and Holstein cows, respectively, accounting for different milk production, BW, and DM intake between the two breeds. Dry matter intake of Ayrshire cows averaged 20.5 (standard error (SE): 0.8) kg/day and 25.8 (SE: 0.8) kg/day for Holstein cows resulting in a tendency for Holstein cows to ingest greater quantity of zinc. Zinc excretion was significantly greater for Holstein compared to Ayrshire cows but this was not translated into different apparent absorption. Averaged apparent zinc absorption did not differ between breeds and was 21 and 16% for Ayrshire and Holstein, respectively, with a range from −15–31%, regardless of the breed. In summary, averaged apparent zinc absorption was similar between breeds and was in line with the values reported in the literature. However, under the current experimental conditions, the technique using dietary intake minus fecal output to measure apparent zinc absorption led to an important variation between animals.

关于奶牛品种之间微量矿物质吸收的潜在差异，缺乏数据。本研究的目的是评价埃尔郡和荷尔斯坦泌乳奶牛对锌的表观吸收是否不同。试验选用12头多产奶牛（6头艾尔郡奶牛和6头荷斯坦奶牛），采用3 × 3拉丁方重复试验设计，试验期35 d （26 d的日粮适应期和数据收集期）。连续7天进行日摄入量和总粪便收集。每日总混合日粮、粪便和垃圾样品按周合成，用原子吸收光谱法测定锌浓度。表观吸收量计算为每日膳食摄入量减去粪便排出量除以膳食摄入量。艾尔郡奶牛和荷斯坦奶牛添加矿物质和维生素的比例分别为1.56%和1.47%，这两个品种的产奶量、体重和干物质摄入量存在差异。艾尔郡奶牛的干物质采食量平均为20.5（标准误差（SE）： 0.8） kg/d，荷斯坦奶牛的干物质采食量平均为25.8 (SE: 0.8) kg/d，因此荷斯坦奶牛有摄入更多锌的趋势。与艾尔郡奶牛相比，荷尔斯坦奶牛的锌排泄量明显更高，但这并没有转化为不同的表观吸收。品种之间的平均表观锌吸收率没有差异，艾尔郡和荷尔斯坦的平均表观锌吸收率分别为21%和16%，无论品种如何，其范围都在- 15-31%之间。总之，品种之间的平均表观锌吸收量相似，与文献中报道的值一致。然而，在目前的实验条件下，用饲粮摄入量减去粪便排出量来测量表观锌吸收的技术导致动物之间的重要差异。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of benchmarking on management practices and equid welfare on Prince Edward Island, Canada 基准管理对加拿大爱德华王子岛管理实践和马科动物福利的影响

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100093

M. Mills , K. Proudfoot , I. Elsohaby , J. Burns , M. Ross , S. McKenna , C. Ritter , K. MacMillan

There are challenges with assessing the welfare of equines due to their diverse uses and management practices. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the prevalence of animal-based welfare outcomes and compliance with Canada’s National Farm Animal Care Council Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Equines on equine farms in Prince Edward Island, Canada, and (2) determine the effect of benchmarking on compliance and awareness of the Code of Practice, as well as any changes in practices and animal-based welfare outcomes on these farms. Sixty farms were enrolled and were visited for an initial equine welfare assessment; all farms were then provided a benchmarking report that compared data collected from their equids to the other farms and the Code of Practice. Of these, 50 farms were re-visited the following year for a second assessment. The prevalence of animal-based outcomes in both years is presented descriptively, and differences between years were analyzed using paired t-tests and Chi-squared tests. On the second visit, 54% (n = 27) of farms showed more awareness of the Code of Practice and 48% (n = 24) of farms showed an improvement in at least one category of Code of Practice requirements. Of the animal-based measures, there was a significant reduction in the prevalence of unhealthy body condition score (−17.72, P < 0.001), integument lesions (−6.22, P = 0.020), and hoof abnormalities (−4.541, P = 0.026) from the first to the second visit. Although it is not clear if these changes occurred solely due to the benchmarking report, the results suggest that horse and donkey owners may be motivated to improve equid care and management using this approach. This study adds to the existing knowledge of equid welfare by providing a practical framework for the development of animal welfare assessments and the potential role of benchmarking in improving the welfare of horses and donkeys on Prince Edward Island and abroad.

由于马的不同用途和管理实践，评估马的福利存在挑战。本研究的目的是：(1)描述动物福利结果的普遍程度，以及加拿大爱德华王子岛马场对加拿大国家农场动物护理委员会护理和处理马的实践守则的遵守情况；(2)确定基准测试对遵守和认识实践守则的影响，以及这些农场在实践和动物福利结果方面的任何变化。对60个农场进行了登记，并进行了初步的马福利评估；然后向所有农场提供一份基准报告，将从他们的马群收集的数据与其他农场和行为准则进行比较。其中，50个农场在第二年进行了第二次评估。描述性地呈现了两年中基于动物的结局的患病率，并使用配对t检验和卡方检验分析了年份之间的差异。在第二次访问中，54% （n = 27）的农场对《工作守则》的认识有所提高，48% （n = 24）的农场在至少一项《工作守则》要求方面有所改善。在以动物为基础的测量中，不健康身体状况评分的患病率显著降低(- 17.72,P <；从第一次到第二次就诊的患者中，被皮病变（- 6.22,P = 0.020）和蹄异常（- 4.541,P = 0.026）。虽然目前尚不清楚这些变化是否仅仅是由于基准报告，但结果表明，马和驴的主人可能有动力通过这种方法改善马的护理和管理。这项研究为动物福利评估的发展提供了一个实用的框架，并为改善爱德华王子岛和国外马和驴的福利提供了基准测试的潜在作用，从而增加了对马科动物福利的现有知识。

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引用次数: 0