Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100097
O. Umunezero , C.K. Gachuiri , M. Mutimura
A study was conducted to determine the DM, water, protein, and energy intake of lactating dairy cows and compared with their requirements for potential milk production under a cut-and-carry fodder-based feeding system in Rwanda’s lowland and highland regions. Ninety-six dairy cows from 96 smallholder farms were purposively included in the data collection process. Data on feed characterisation were computed using the Farm DESIGN models while data on cows’ production requirements were calculated using LIGAPS dairy models. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a GLM with univariate analysis in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results on feed characteristics showed that the mean nutritive value of the served fodder was 25% DM, 58.5% NDF, 9.8% CP, and 6 MJ of metabolisable energy (ME) per kg DM. Results showed the mean daily DM intake was 9 kg, daily water intake 35 L, 898 g of CP, and 55 MJ of ME, resulting in a mean daily milk production of 8.8L across both regions. However, the calculated average requirement for maintaining a dairy cow with a BW of 430 kg and potential milk production of 16.5 L/day was 15 kg of DM, 57 L of water, 1 907 g of CP, and 137 MJ of ME. This resulted in daily deficits of 6 kg DM, 21.6 L of water, 1 094 g of CP, and 83.7 MJ of ME. Available fodder was low in quantity and quality for the provision of nutrients for maintenance and production to express the genetic potential of lactating cows in smallholder farms.
{"title":"Energy, protein, dry matter, and water gap analysis in dairy cows kept under cut and carry fodder-based feeding systems","authors":"O. Umunezero , C.K. Gachuiri , M. Mutimura","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A study was conducted to determine the DM, water, protein, and energy intake of lactating dairy cows and compared with their requirements for potential milk production under a cut-and-carry fodder-based feeding system in Rwanda’s lowland and highland regions. Ninety-six dairy cows from 96 smallholder farms were purposively included in the data collection process. Data on feed characterisation were computed using the Farm DESIGN models while data on cows’ production requirements were calculated using LIGAPS dairy models. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a GLM with univariate analysis in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results on feed characteristics showed that the mean nutritive value of the served fodder was 25% DM, 58.5% NDF, 9.8% CP, and 6 MJ of metabolisable energy (<strong>ME</strong>) per kg DM. Results showed the mean daily DM intake was 9 kg, daily water intake 35 L, 898 g of CP, and 55 MJ of ME, resulting in a mean daily milk production of 8.8L across both regions. However, the calculated average requirement for maintaining a dairy cow with a BW of 430 kg and potential milk production of 16.5 L/day was 15 kg of DM, 57 L of water, 1 907 g of CP, and 137 MJ of ME. This resulted in daily deficits of 6 kg DM, 21.6 L of water, 1 094 g of CP, and 83.7 MJ of ME. Available fodder was low in quantity and quality for the provision of nutrients for maintenance and production to express the genetic potential of lactating cows in smallholder farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100094
F. Marín , M. Carriquiry , H. Naya
Heart rate (HR) has proven to be a non-invasive method to assess animal welfare and stress as well as a valuable tool to evaluate several animal traits related to metabolism. Remote sensors have provided the opportunity to monitor this trait individually; nevertheless, this continuous monitoring is prone to measurement errors and thus must be subjected to corrections. Nonetheless, it has proven difficult to establish a general correction method that does not involve a visual examination or does not depend on commercial software related to the measuring sensor. In this sense, this study aimed to develop a simple protocol using R software scripting that could objectively remove erroneous registers from individual 4-day grazing Hereford cattle recordings based on Polar sensors’ data. Using this method, we successfully decreased spurious variation of HR individual records and used this method on other cattle breeds. Nonetheless, calibration could be necessary if the conditions (i.e., other breeds, different physiological states) vary from the ones described in this study.
{"title":"Method: An alternative tool for heart rate data processing in grazing cattle","authors":"F. Marín , M. Carriquiry , H. Naya","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart rate (<strong>HR</strong>) has proven to be a non-invasive method to assess animal welfare and stress as well as a valuable tool to evaluate several animal traits related to metabolism. Remote sensors have provided the opportunity to monitor this trait individually; nevertheless, this continuous monitoring is prone to measurement errors and thus must be subjected to corrections. Nonetheless, it has proven difficult to establish a general correction method that does not involve a visual examination or does not depend on commercial software related to the measuring sensor. In this sense, this study aimed to develop a simple protocol using R software scripting that could objectively remove erroneous registers from individual 4-day grazing Hereford cattle recordings based on Polar sensors’ data. Using this method, we successfully decreased spurious variation of HR individual records and used this method on other cattle breeds. Nonetheless, calibration could be necessary if the conditions (i.e., other breeds, different physiological states) vary from the ones described in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100105
C. Ribas , A. Blanc , M. Simon , J. Thomas , N. Quiniou , C. Gaillard
This database was created to better understand the long-term impact of precision feeding (PF, i.e. delivery of an individualised mix of different diets to meet estimated individual requirements) on the performances of gestating sows, compared to sows fed a conventional feeding strategy (i.e., delivery of a single diet throughout gestation). Two experiments were carried out with feed supplies to PF sows adjusted individually and daily when they were grouped, based on energy and amino acids requirements (trial 1) and additionally on minerals during the last month of gestation (trial 2). Sows were group-housed from day 3 (trial 1) or day 25 (trial 2) to day 108 of gestation. Data were collected from sows over one to three successive gestations cumulating 58 (trial 1) or 77 (trial 2) gestations. The gestation pens were equipped with electronic feeder and water dispensers to characterise the feeding and drinking behaviours, with an automated scale to characterise the BW and with cameras to characterise the behaviour and location of sows, on a daily and individual basis. An automatic video analysis software analysed sows’ physical activity at the group scale, on three different stages of gestation. Physical activity was also recorded individually with accelerometers for a few numbers of sows. Social interactions, activities, and pen location were characterised at the individual level on specific periods from video manual analysis. Backfat thickness (BT) was measured manually with an ultrasound portable device. Cleanliness, scratches and lameness were recorded weekly during gestation. Each gestation room was equipped with devices which enable to follow ambient temperature, relative humidity, and other parameters such as noise or methane concentration. At farrowing, litter size and birthweight were measured. Data were used to analyse the effect of feeding strategies on feeding behaviour, variation of BW and BT during gestation, health status, social interactions when sows were group-housed, and litter characteristics at farrowing. The database contains a large amount of data including feed composition and intakes, behaviours, ambient parameters, and sow performances of group-housed gestating sows enabling to use unsupervised data mining approaches. Longitudinal database may be used to correlate feeding behaviour with physical activity or ambient parameters. Common phenotypes (BW, BT) collected at different key stages of gestation may be used to extend the existing dataset to have a greater statistical power.
{"title":"Data paper: Behavioural and production data of sows fed tailored diets over three consecutive gestations","authors":"C. Ribas , A. Blanc , M. Simon , J. Thomas , N. Quiniou , C. Gaillard","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This database was created to better understand the long-term impact of precision feeding (<strong>PF</strong>, i.e. delivery of an individualised mix of different diets to meet estimated individual requirements) on the performances of gestating sows, compared to sows fed a conventional feeding strategy (i.e., delivery of a single diet throughout gestation). Two experiments were carried out with feed supplies to PF sows adjusted individually and daily when they were grouped, based on energy and amino acids requirements (trial 1) and additionally on minerals during the last month of gestation (trial 2). Sows were group-housed from day 3 (trial 1) or day 25 (trial 2) to day 108 of gestation. Data were collected from sows over one to three successive gestations cumulating 58 (trial 1) or 77 (trial 2) gestations. The gestation pens were equipped with electronic feeder and water dispensers to characterise the feeding and drinking behaviours, with an automated scale to characterise the BW and with cameras to characterise the behaviour and location of sows, on a daily and individual basis. An automatic video analysis software analysed sows’ physical activity at the group scale, on three different stages of gestation. Physical activity was also recorded individually with accelerometers for a few numbers of sows. Social interactions, activities, and pen location were characterised at the individual level on specific periods from video manual analysis. Backfat thickness (<strong>BT</strong>) was measured manually with an ultrasound portable device. Cleanliness, scratches and lameness were recorded weekly during gestation. Each gestation room was equipped with devices which enable to follow ambient temperature, relative humidity, and other parameters such as noise or methane concentration. At farrowing, litter size and birthweight were measured. Data were used to analyse the effect of feeding strategies on feeding behaviour, variation of BW and BT during gestation, health status, social interactions when sows were group-housed, and litter characteristics at farrowing. The database contains a large amount of data including feed composition and intakes, behaviours, ambient parameters, and sow performances of group-housed gestating sows enabling to use unsupervised data mining approaches. Longitudinal database may be used to correlate feeding behaviour with physical activity or ambient parameters. Common phenotypes (BW, BT) collected at different key stages of gestation may be used to extend the existing dataset to have a greater statistical power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100110
J.R. Vinyard , R.R. Lobo , E. Sarmikasoglou , L.F. Roesch , Z. Yuting , K.C. Jeong , A.P. Faciola
Most in vitro assays used to evaluate ruminal fermentation are carried out using clear glass vessels that allow light penetration, unlike the rumen. Some bacterial species are light-sensitive, and any light stimuli may cause chemical reactions within the microbial cell that impact their survival, growth, and proliferation. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate light’s effects on ruminal fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture. Using four fermenters and three experimental periods, the ruminal fluid of three lactating dairy cows was collected, pooled, and incubated for 10 days. Laboratory lights (234 ± 15 lux) were turned on 24 h per day for the entire experiment duration. Two of the fermenters were covered with aluminum foil to avoid light penetration within the jar. All fermenters were fed 106 g/day split into two feedings of the same diet that had 16% CP; 35% neutral detergent fiber; 31% starch, DM basis. After 7 days of adaptation, samples were collected for 3 days of each period for analyses of ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradation, and microbial analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with the MIXED procedure of SAS and the vegan and phyloseq packages of R. Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies at 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. There was no effect of treatment on ruminal fermentation or nutrient degradation in vitro. However, light exposure decreased species richness and diversity, decreased abundances of Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes in the liquid fraction and Actinobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Planctomycetes, and Syngergistetes in the solid fraction. Light exposure increased Synergistetes in the liquid fraction and tended to increase Proteobacteria in the solid fraction. In summary, this pilot study demonstrated that light affects ruminal microbiota. Factors such as light intensity, exposure duration, and affected populations should be further investigated. Those results indicate that some ruminal microorganisms may be light-sensitive, and whenever possible, darker conditions should be practiced.
{"title":"Method: Effect of light on microbial fermentation in an in vitro system using rumen fluid from lactating dairy cows","authors":"J.R. Vinyard , R.R. Lobo , E. Sarmikasoglou , L.F. Roesch , Z. Yuting , K.C. Jeong , A.P. Faciola","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most <em>in vitro</em> assays used to evaluate ruminal fermentation are carried out using clear glass vessels that allow light penetration, unlike the rumen. Some bacterial species are light-sensitive, and any light stimuli may cause chemical reactions within the microbial cell that impact their survival, growth, and proliferation. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate light’s effects on ruminal fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture. Using four fermenters and three experimental periods, the ruminal fluid of three lactating dairy cows was collected, pooled, and incubated for 10 days. Laboratory lights (234 ± 15 lux) were turned on 24 h per day for the entire experiment duration. Two of the fermenters were covered with aluminum foil to avoid light penetration within the jar. All fermenters were fed 106 g/day split into two feedings of the same diet that had 16% CP; 35% neutral detergent fiber; 31% starch, DM basis. After 7 days of adaptation, samples were collected for 3 days of each period for analyses of ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradation, and microbial analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with the MIXED procedure of SAS and the vegan and phyloseq packages of R. Significance was declared at <em>P</em> ≤ 0.05 and tendencies at 0.05 < <em>P</em> ≤ 0.10. There was no effect of treatment on ruminal fermentation or nutrient degradation <em>in vitro</em>. However, light exposure decreased species richness and diversity, decreased abundances of Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes in the liquid fraction and Actinobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Planctomycetes, and Syngergistetes in the solid fraction. Light exposure increased Synergistetes in the liquid fraction and tended to increase Proteobacteria in the solid fraction. In summary, this pilot study demonstrated that light affects ruminal microbiota. Factors such as light intensity, exposure duration, and affected populations should be further investigated. Those results indicate that some ruminal microorganisms may be light-sensitive, and whenever possible, darker conditions should be practiced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100100
M. Font-i-Furnols, A. Brun
Data from the body composition of 90 pigs from three crossbreeds (Duroc × (Landrace × Large White), Pietrain × (Landrace × Large White) and Landrace × Large White) obtained at four different moments during growth (30, 70, 100 and 120 kg BW) are presented. Moreover, a subsample of pigs at 30, 70 and 100 kg as well as all those of 120 kg were slaughtered. All left carcasses were cut following the EU reference cutting and some of them dissected, either through a simplified dissection (four main cuts) or a full dissection (all the cuts except head and front and hind feet). At each target BW, live pigs were scanned by computed tomography (CT), providing the volume associated with each Hounsfield value. In addition, several measures (area, thickness, etc.) were obtained from CT images at specific anatomical locations, in order to characterise the body composition. Carcass characteristics (fat and muscle thickness) were also obtained directly from the carcass after slaughter and the weight and intramuscular fat content of three ham muscles and three loin locations were determined. This information can be used to develop growth curves for different tissues and cuts and to understand tissue deposition at various growth stages, either globally across all animals or to compare genotypes. Also, it provides a valuable database for exploring the relationship between whole carcass composition and that of the individual cuts, since it provides both the weight of all the cuts and the different tissue weights from dissections. Moreover, differences between full and simplified dissection can be studied from the database. Intramuscular fat is an important quality trait that affects consumer acceptance of meat, both visually and in terms of eating quality. Usually, intramuscular fat is measured in one muscle, but the database provides information from six different muscle/locations in the pig carcass, allowing a deeper analysis of this attribute. All these data have been used in several publications, but it can be reused and reanalysed using alternative methodologies and for different purposes.
{"title":"Data paper: Pig body composition during growth determined non-destructively or through dissection and intramuscular fat content in different anatomical locations","authors":"M. Font-i-Furnols, A. Brun","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2025.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data from the body composition of 90 pigs from three crossbreeds (Duroc × (Landrace × Large White), Pietrain × (Landrace × Large White) and Landrace × Large White) obtained at four different moments during growth (30, 70, 100 and 120 kg BW) are presented. Moreover, a subsample of pigs at 30, 70 and 100 kg as well as all those of 120 kg were slaughtered. All left carcasses were cut following the EU reference cutting and some of them dissected, either through a simplified dissection (four main cuts) or a full dissection (all the cuts except head and front and hind feet). At each target BW, live pigs were scanned by computed tomography (<strong>CT</strong>), providing the volume associated with each Hounsfield value. In addition, several measures (area, thickness, etc.) were obtained from CT images at specific anatomical locations, in order to characterise the body composition. Carcass characteristics (fat and muscle thickness) were also obtained directly from the carcass after slaughter and the weight and intramuscular fat content of three ham muscles and three loin locations were determined. This information can be used to develop growth curves for different tissues and cuts and to understand tissue deposition at various growth stages, either globally across all animals or to compare genotypes. Also, it provides a valuable database for exploring the relationship between whole carcass composition and that of the individual cuts, since it provides both the weight of all the cuts and the different tissue weights from dissections. Moreover, differences between full and simplified dissection can be studied from the database. Intramuscular fat is an important quality trait that affects consumer acceptance of meat, both visually and in terms of eating quality. Usually, intramuscular fat is measured in one muscle, but the database provides information from six different muscle/locations in the pig carcass, allowing a deeper analysis of this attribute. All these data have been used in several publications, but it can be reused and reanalysed using alternative methodologies and for different purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100087
Xianming Wei , Jun Teng , Shixi Zhang , Changheng Zhao , Guilin Chen , Zhi Cao , Yan Chen , Jianbin Li , Chao Ning , Qin Zhang
In this study, we applied random regression test-day model for genomic prediction in the Holstein population in Shandong Province of China with respect to different reference populations, using either 150 k chip genotypes or imputed sequence genotypes. Three different reference populations were considered, i.e., the Shandong (SD) reference population consisting of 1 688 Holstein cows from Shandong Province, the Non-SD reference population consisting of 5 299 Holstein cows from other parts of China, and the combined population of the two. The SD reference resulted in higher prediction accuracy than the Non-SD reference, although the former was much smaller than the latter. The combined reference further increased the accuracy. These results indicate that the accuracy of genomic prediction cross-population within breed is low, even though the reference population is large. Using imputed sequence data may not significantly improve the cross-population prediction ability. However, the inclusion of data from other populations into the reference population can improve the accuracy of genomic selection.
{"title":"Genomic selection based on random regression test-day model in dairy cattle with respect to different reference populations","authors":"Xianming Wei , Jun Teng , Shixi Zhang , Changheng Zhao , Guilin Chen , Zhi Cao , Yan Chen , Jianbin Li , Chao Ning , Qin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we applied random regression test-day model for genomic prediction in the Holstein population in Shandong Province of China with respect to different reference populations, using either 150 k chip genotypes or imputed sequence genotypes. Three different reference populations were considered, i.e., the Shandong (<strong>SD</strong>) reference population consisting of 1 688 Holstein cows from Shandong Province, the Non-SD reference population consisting of 5 299 Holstein cows from other parts of China, and the combined population of the two. The SD reference resulted in higher prediction accuracy than the Non-SD reference, although the former was much smaller than the latter. The combined reference further increased the accuracy. These results indicate that the accuracy of genomic prediction cross-population within breed is low, even though the reference population is large. Using imputed sequence data may not significantly improve the cross-population prediction ability. However, the inclusion of data from other populations into the reference population can improve the accuracy of genomic selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of organic Zn sources has been claimed to reduce the environmental impact of poultry production and improve broiler performance and the quality of products. This study investigated the effects of three organic Zn supplementation strategies (i.e., TRE, total replacement; PRE, partial replacement; OTS, on-top supplementation) on tibia and blood biochemistry characteristics of broilers at high altitudes. Male Cobb 500 chicks were distributed in 54 floor pens (22 birds each) and assigned to nine experimental treatments. Birds were fed mash diets under three feeding phases until 42 days and following the standard Ecuadorian high-altitude production standard practices. The treatments were a basal diet supplemented with three inclusion rates of ZnSO4 and the same diets including or not Zn from one of two organic Zn sources (i.e., ZPR, Zn proteinate; ZAC, Zn amino acid complex). Basal diets were analyzed for Zn concentration. Tibia ash and Zn concentrations and serum biochemistry variables were determined at 21 and 42 days. The strategies to supplement organic Zn were compared with the reference treatment containing 100 ppm Zn as ZnSO4 (the standard practice; STD) using mixed models, being the block (i.e., the replication) as a random factor. The interaction of the strategy with the organic Zn source was assessed with the ANOVA and multiple comparisons. The organic Zn sources were compared considering the feed intake a random factor, and their interaction with the dietary Zn level was assessed using multiple regression. No overall effect of the Zn supplementation strategy was observed other than the reduced Zn concentration at 21 days in TRE birds. At 21 days, PRE and TRE increased the serum protein and phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At that age, TRE also increased insulin concentration, but only in the ZAC-fed birds. However, TRE produced the opposite effect on serum protein at 42 days. At the same age, ZAC-fed birds showed lower serum phosphorus concentration than ZPR-fed ones regardless of the dietary Zn supplementation level or the Zn intake. Also, ZAC under TRE produced no effect on tibia Zn concentration compared to STD, but ZPR increased it. The ZPR increased the tibia Zn concentration when fed under PRE or TRE, but not under OTS. In conclusion, the results showed no adverse effect of PRE or TRE strategies on tibia characteristics. The data indicate likely different effects of PRE and TRE on protein metabolism and a possible negative interaction of the organic Zn with a high Zn content as ZnSO4.
据称，使用有机锌源可减少家禽生产对环境的影响，提高肉鸡的生产性能和产品质量。本研究调查了三种有机锌补充策略（即：TRE，完全替代；PRE，部分替代；OTS，顶部补充）对高海拔地区肉鸡胫骨和血液生化特性的影响。雄性柯布500雏鸡被分配到54个地面鸡栏（每个鸡栏22只），并被分配到9个实验处理中。按照厄瓜多尔高海拔地区的标准生产规范，在三个饲养阶段喂食醪糟日粮，直至 42 天。处理为添加了三种硫酸锌添加量的基础日粮，以及添加或不添加两种有机锌源（即 ZPR，蛋白酸锌；ZAC，氨基酸锌复合物）之一的锌的相同日粮。对基础日粮进行了锌浓度分析。在 21 天和 42 天时测定胫骨灰分和锌浓度以及血清生化变量。采用混合模型将补充有机锌的策略与含有 100 ppm Zn（以 ZnSO4 计）的参考处理（标准做法；STD）进行比较，并将区组（即重复）作为随机因素。方差分析和多重比较评估了策略与有机锌源的交互作用。将采食量作为随机因素对有机锌源进行了比较，并通过多元回归评估了它们与日粮锌水平的交互作用。除了 TRE 禽群在 21 天时锌浓度降低外，未观察到补锌策略的总体影响。21 天时，PRE 和 TRE 分别提高了血清蛋白和磷的浓度。在该日龄，TRE 还能提高胰岛素浓度，但仅适用于 ZAC 饲喂的鸟类。然而，在 42 天时，TRE 对血清蛋白产生了相反的影响。在同一日龄，无论日粮中锌的补充水平或锌的摄入量如何，ZAC 饲喂的禽类的血清磷浓度均低于 ZPR 饲喂的禽类。此外，与 STD 相比，TRE 下的 ZAC 对胫骨锌浓度没有影响，但 ZPR 会增加胫骨锌浓度。在 PRE 或 TRE 条件下，ZPR 会增加胫骨锌浓度，但在 OTS 条件下则不会。总之，结果表明 PRE 或 TRE 策略对胫骨特征没有不利影响。这些数据表明，PRE 和 TRE 对蛋白质代谢的影响可能不同，有机锌与高锌含量的 ZnSO4 可能会产生负作用。
{"title":"Organic zinc sources in broiler production at high altitude under on-top supplementation or total or partial replacement: 2. Effects on tibia and blood characteristics","authors":"R. Riboty , J.L. Gaibor , C.L. Ponce-de-Leon , D.A. Martinez","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of organic Zn sources has been claimed to reduce the environmental impact of poultry production and improve broiler performance and the quality of products. This study investigated the effects of three organic Zn supplementation strategies (i.e., <strong>TRE</strong>, total replacement; <strong>PRE</strong>, partial replacement; <strong>OTS</strong>, on-top supplementation) on tibia and blood biochemistry characteristics of broilers at high altitudes. Male Cobb 500 chicks were distributed in 54 floor pens (22 birds each) and assigned to nine experimental treatments. Birds were fed mash diets under three feeding phases until 42 days and following the standard Ecuadorian high-altitude production standard practices. The treatments were a basal diet supplemented with three inclusion rates of ZnSO<sub>4</sub> and the same diets including or not Zn from one of two organic Zn sources (i.e., <strong>ZPR</strong>, Zn proteinate; <strong>ZAC</strong>, Zn amino acid complex). Basal diets were analyzed for Zn concentration. Tibia ash and Zn concentrations and serum biochemistry variables were determined at 21 and 42 days. The strategies to supplement organic Zn were compared with the reference treatment containing 100 ppm Zn as ZnSO<sub>4</sub> (the standard practice; <strong>STD</strong>) using mixed models, being the block (i.e., the replication) as a random factor. The interaction of the strategy with the organic Zn source was assessed with the ANOVA and multiple comparisons. The organic Zn sources were compared considering the feed intake a random factor, and their interaction with the dietary Zn level was assessed using multiple regression. No overall effect of the Zn supplementation strategy was observed other than the reduced Zn concentration at 21 days in TRE birds. At 21 days, PRE and TRE increased the serum protein and phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At that age, TRE also increased insulin concentration, but only in the ZAC-fed birds. However, TRE produced the opposite effect on serum protein at 42 days. At the same age, ZAC-fed birds showed lower serum phosphorus concentration than ZPR-fed ones regardless of the dietary Zn supplementation level or the Zn intake. Also, ZAC under TRE produced no effect on tibia Zn concentration compared to STD, but ZPR increased it. The ZPR increased the tibia Zn concentration when fed under PRE or TRE, but not under OTS. In conclusion, the results showed no adverse effect of PRE or TRE strategies on tibia characteristics. The data indicate likely different effects of PRE and TRE on protein metabolism and a possible negative interaction of the organic Zn with a high Zn content as ZnSO<sub>4</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772694024000025/pdfft?md5=6bd2c4e18207e6c21a60f5fe083c6c0a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772694024000025-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100063
M. Silberberg , M.M. Mialon , B. Meunier, I. Veissier
High-energy diets increase the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in ruminants. Ruminants with SARA show behavioural modifications. However, behavioural changes due to high-energy diet are often confounded with the behavioural changes due to SARA per se. Here, we aimed to disentangle diet-induced effects from SARA-induced effects on cow behaviour. We fed Holstein cows with either a low-starch diet (10.5% starch) or a high-starch diet (31.5% starch) while monitoring their SARA status. Control cows (n = 14) received the low-starch diet for 60 days. Challenge cows (n = 14) received the same low-starch diet except for 10 days when they were gradually switched from the low- to the high-starch diet and the next 14 days when they were fed the high-starch diet only. The eCow rumen bolus and the CowView activity-collar sensors were used to track the rumen pH and cows’ activities. DM intake (DMI) and milk yield of each cow were assessed on a daily basis. SARA status was defined based on a relative decrease in ruminal pH and pH variability. The high-starch diet induced SARA more often than the low-starch diet (SARA on 81% of days when receiving high-starch diet vs 8% of days when receiving low-starch diet). Cows on the high-starch diet also showed decreased milk yield and spent less time eating but ate more quickly (Challenge vs Control cows during the challenge period: milk yield 20.0 vs 18.2 L/d; % time spent eating, 22.5 vs 27.6; eating rate, 77.1 vs 69.6 g DMI/min; P (diet × period) <0.001 in all cases). Cows experiencing SARA during transition or challenge periods also tended to show lower milk yield, less time spent eating, and an increase in eating rate regardless of diet (Challenge vs Control cows: milk yield, −0.5 and −0.3 L/d, P (SARA) = 0.03; % time spent eating, −1.4 and −0.84, P(SARA) = 0.02; eating rate, +4.9 and +3.2 g DMI/min, P(SARA) = 0.06; P (diet × SARA) > 0.50). Based on these findings, an increase in eating rate, especially when combined with a decrease in milk yield, should alert farmers to the risk of ruminal acidosis.
{"title":"Sensor-captured modifications in cow behaviour under subacute ruminal acidosis","authors":"M. Silberberg , M.M. Mialon , B. Meunier, I. Veissier","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-energy diets increase the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (<strong>SARA</strong>) in ruminants. Ruminants with SARA show behavioural modifications. However, behavioural changes due to high-energy diet are often confounded with the behavioural changes due to SARA per se. Here, we aimed to disentangle diet-induced effects from SARA-induced effects on cow behaviour. We fed Holstein cows with either a low-starch diet (10.5% starch) or a high-starch diet (31.5% starch) while monitoring their SARA status. Control cows (n = 14) received the low-starch diet for 60 days. Challenge cows (n = 14) received the same low-starch diet except for 10 days when they were gradually switched from the low- to the high-starch diet and the next 14 days when they were fed the high-starch diet only. The eCow rumen bolus and the CowView activity-collar sensors were used to track the rumen pH and cows’ activities. DM intake (<strong>DMI</strong>) and milk yield of each cow were assessed on a daily basis. SARA status was defined based on a relative decrease in ruminal pH and pH variability. The high-starch diet induced SARA more often than the low-starch diet (SARA on 81% of days when receiving high-starch diet vs 8% of days when receiving low-starch diet). Cows on the high-starch diet also showed decreased milk yield and spent less time eating but ate more quickly (Challenge vs Control cows during the challenge period: milk yield 20.0 vs 18.2 L/d; % time spent eating, 22.5 vs 27.6; eating rate, 77.1 vs 69.6 g DMI/min; P (diet × period) <0.001 in all cases). Cows experiencing SARA during transition or challenge periods also tended to show lower milk yield, less time spent eating, and an increase in eating rate regardless of diet (Challenge vs Control cows: milk yield, −0.5 and −0.3 L/d, P (SARA) = 0.03; % time spent eating, −1.4 and −0.84, P(SARA) = 0.02; eating rate, +4.9 and +3.2 g DMI/min, P(SARA) = 0.06; P (diet × SARA) > 0.50). Based on these findings, an increase in eating rate, especially when combined with a decrease in milk yield, should alert farmers to the risk of ruminal acidosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772694024000037/pdfft?md5=ac5aa82effc5d149ee6fd52cb1dc5ee9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772694024000037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2023.100057
Bianca de Oliveira Müller , Ferenc Istvan Bánkuti , Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos , João Augusto Rossi Borges , Tiago Teixeira da Silva Siqueira , Julio Cesar Damasceno
Family succession is one of the most challenging problems of governance in agricultural systems in Brazil and worldwide. Dairy systems require particular attention in this regard, given their economic and social importance. Family succession necessitates a transfer plan for passing leadership over the dairy farm, usually from parents to their children. In this study, we sought to identify the influence of sociopsychological constructs of the theory of planned behavior on dairy farmers' intention to adopt succession planning. Questionnaires were administered to 160 dairy farmers in Paraná State, Brazil. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that social pressure – subjective norms was the construct that most influenced farmers' intention to adopt succession planning, followed by attitude toward the adoption of succession planning. Farmers' perceptions of their ability to carry out succession planning – perceived behavioral control did not influence their intention to adopt this strategy. There was a significant positive correlation of farm size and number of lactating cows with intention to adopt succession planning, indicating that large-scale farmers have a higher probability of practicing succession planning.
{"title":"Sociopsychological factors underlying dairy farmers' intention to adopt succession planning","authors":"Bianca de Oliveira Müller , Ferenc Istvan Bánkuti , Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos , João Augusto Rossi Borges , Tiago Teixeira da Silva Siqueira , Julio Cesar Damasceno","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2023.100057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2023.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Family succession is one of the most challenging problems of governance in agricultural systems in Brazil and worldwide. Dairy systems require particular attention in this regard, given their economic and social importance. Family succession necessitates a transfer plan for passing leadership over the dairy farm, usually from parents to their children. In this study, we sought to identify the influence of sociopsychological constructs of the theory of planned behavior on dairy farmers' intention to adopt succession planning. Questionnaires were administered to 160 dairy farmers in Paraná State, Brazil. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that social pressure – subjective norms was the construct that most influenced farmers' intention to adopt succession planning, followed by attitude toward the adoption of succession planning. Farmers' perceptions of their ability to carry out succession planning – perceived behavioral control did not influence their intention to adopt this strategy. There was a significant positive correlation of farm size and number of lactating cows with intention to adopt succession planning, indicating that large-scale farmers have a higher probability of practicing succession planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772694023000213/pdfft?md5=01759d82a7e68577d2d4273e2b305cf3&pid=1-s2.0-S2772694023000213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100070
A. Doyon , G.F. Tremblay , R. Gervais , P.Y. Chouinard
The objective of the current trial was to evaluate the effect of feeding four different forage species on milk yield and composition, including protein and fatty acid profiles, in dairy goats. Two grasses (Timothy; mown at early heading, and Italian ryegrass; mown at 25 cm height) and two legumes (Alfalfa and White clover; both mown at 10% bloom) were harvested and conserved as silage. Twelve dairy goats of three different breeds (4 Alpine, 4 Toggenburg, and 4 Saanen) in late lactation were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Goats were offered ad libitum access to the tested forages supplemented with 180 g/d of concentrates based on rolled barley and heat-treated soybean meal. DM intake was lower with timothy, intermediate with ryegrass and white clover, and greater with alfalfa. Milk yield was lower with timothy as compared with the other three silages. Milk fat yield was similar among treatments. Milk CP yield was lower with timothy as compared with the other three silages. Milk N efficiency (N secreted/N intake) was greater with timothy, intermediate with ryegrass, and lower with the two legume silages. The proportion of true protein as a percentage of CP was lower in milk from goats fed legume as compared with grass silages. Proportions of casein and whey protein expressed as percentages of true protein were greater with timothy, intermediate with ryegrass and white clover, and lower with alfalfa. Among grass silages, intake and milk secretion of cis-9, cis-12 cis-15 18:3 was greater with ryegrass than with timothy. As a result, the transfer efficiency from dietary intake to secretion in milk was not different between these two treatments. Fewer differences were observed regarding legume forages, as cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3 intake and milk secretion were similar with alfalfa and white clover. However, the transfer of cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3 from diet to milk was highest when feeding alfalfa. In conclusion, forage species fed to dairy goats influence milk composition in terms of fatty acids and protein fractions, which can potentially impact the nutritive value and technological properties of milk.
{"title":"Production performance and milk composition of late lactation dairy goats fed diets based on silages of four different forage species","authors":"A. Doyon , G.F. Tremblay , R. Gervais , P.Y. Chouinard","doi":"10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of the current trial was to evaluate the effect of feeding four different forage species on milk yield and composition, including protein and fatty acid profiles, in dairy goats. Two grasses (Timothy; mown at early heading, and Italian ryegrass; mown at 25 cm height) and two legumes (Alfalfa and White clover; both mown at 10% bloom) were harvested and conserved as silage. Twelve dairy goats of three different breeds (4 Alpine, 4 Toggenburg, and 4 Saanen) in late lactation were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Goats were offered ad libitum access to the tested forages supplemented with 180 g/d of concentrates based on rolled barley and heat-treated soybean meal. DM intake was lower with timothy, intermediate with ryegrass and white clover, and greater with alfalfa. Milk yield was lower with timothy as compared with the other three silages. Milk fat yield was similar among treatments. Milk CP yield was lower with timothy as compared with the other three silages. Milk N efficiency (N secreted/N intake) was greater with timothy, intermediate with ryegrass, and lower with the two legume silages. The proportion of true protein as a percentage of CP was lower in milk from goats fed legume as compared with grass silages. Proportions of casein and whey protein expressed as percentages of true protein were greater with timothy, intermediate with ryegrass and white clover, and lower with alfalfa. Among grass silages, intake and milk secretion of <em>cis</em>-9, <em>cis</em>-12 <em>cis</em>-15 18:3 was greater with ryegrass than with timothy. As a result, the transfer efficiency from dietary intake to secretion in milk was not different between these two treatments. Fewer differences were observed regarding legume forages, as <em>cis</em>-9, <em>cis</em>-12, <em>cis</em>-15 18:3 intake and milk secretion were similar with alfalfa and white clover. However, the transfer of <em>cis</em>-9, <em>cis</em>-12, <em>cis</em>-15 18:3 from diet to milk was highest when feeding alfalfa. In conclusion, forage species fed to dairy goats influence milk composition in terms of fatty acids and protein fractions, which can potentially impact the nutritive value and technological properties of milk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100083,"journal":{"name":"Animal - Open Space","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772694024000104/pdfft?md5=dcf6555ec66f99477fddb8a7d36ba67c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772694024000104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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