Animal - Open Space最新文献

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Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

Influence of the breed and litter breed composition on the growth, survival, and health of rabbits 品种和窝种组成对家兔生长、生存和健康的影响

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100083

A. Bigot, D. Savietto, S. Combes, L. Fortun-Lamothe, M. Gunia

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the breed and the litter breed composition on the growth, survival, and health of rabbits. Two genetic types were compared: purebred INRA 1777 (INRA) and crossbreed ¾ Fauve-de-Bourgogne × ¼ INRA 1777 (Crossbreed). To study the effect of the litter breed composition, two cross-fostering strategies were used for suckled rabbits at birth: within-genetic type and between-genetic type, where the dam raised kits of the same or different genetic types. Litter composition was maintained after weaning. A total of 1 670 growing rabbits were monitored from birth to weaning (at 35 days of age), and then 1 030 rabbits were monitored from weaning to 64 days of age. Four cohorts were raised from September 2019 to April 2020. Health was evaluated using visual health scores and white blood cell counts. Crossbred rabbits had a higher survival rate in the preweaning period (+14.9% points; P < 0.001), and a higher percentage of healthy individuals at 64 days of age (+13.9% points; P < 0.001) than purebred rabbits, even though the survival rate was equivalent (92%) between the two genetic types in the postweaning period. Crossbred rabbits were lighter than INRA rabbits (−128 g at 64 days of age; P < 0.001). The between-genetic type cross-fostering strategy had a positive effect on survival in the preweaning period (+4.6% points for INRA and +13.3% points for Crossbreed; P < 0.001) compared to the within-genetic type cross-fostering strategy. No lasting effects of the litter breed composition on postweaning survival or health were observed. Mixing kits of different genetic types within litters may be a strategy to improve the overall herd health and help reduce the use of antibiotics in rabbit farming.

本研究旨在探讨品种和窝种组成对家兔生长、生存和健康的影响。比较了两种遗传类型：纯种INRA 1777 （INRA）和杂交品种¾Fauve-de-Bourgogne ×¼INRA 1777（杂种）。为了研究产仔品种组成的影响，在乳兔出生时采用遗传内型和遗传间型两种交叉饲养策略，饲养相同或不同遗传类型的幼兔。断奶后保持凋落物组成。从出生至断奶（35日龄）监测1 670只生长兔，然后从断奶至64日龄监测1 030只。从2019年9月到2020年4月，增加了四个队列。使用视觉健康评分和白细胞计数来评估健康状况。杂交兔断奶前成活率较高(+14.9%；P & lt;0.001)， 64日龄健康个体的百分比更高(+13.9%；P & lt;0.001)，尽管两种基因型在断奶后的存活率相当（92%）。杂交兔比INRA兔轻(64日龄- 128 g；P & lt;0.001)。遗传型间交叉饲养策略对断奶前成活率有积极影响（INRA +4.6%, Crossbreed +13.3%）；P & lt;0.001)，与遗传型内交叉培养策略相比。没有观察到窝产仔品种组成对断奶后生存或健康的持久影响。在窝中混合不同基因类型的试剂盒可能是一种策略，可以改善整个群体的健康状况，并有助于减少兔养殖中抗生素的使用。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of age on D20, D40 and live foal rates in the Clydesdale mare 年龄对克莱德代母马D20、D40和活胎率的影响

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100082

J.B. Thomas , M.C.G. Davies Morel , B. Lancaster

Reproductive performance is an important aspect of the equine industry. Breeders ideally want to increase the number of successful or valuable horses, whether these horses are racehorses, eventers, or show horses. This is especially important for breeds like the Clydesdale given the significant decline in breed numbers over the last century from over 20 000 registered horses in the 1920 s to less than 5 000 worldwide today. Mare age is a factor which has been shown to influence reproductive success in Thoroughbreds. However, limited work has been done on other breeds to investigate whether a similar association exists. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of mare age on (1) Day 20 pregnancy rates, (2) Day 40 pregnancy rates, and (3) live foal rates. Breeding records (n = 441) for 135 Clydesdale mares (aged 3–22) were reviewed. Generalised linear mixed models were used to determine the Day 20, Day 40, and live foal rates. Rates for country and farm were determined for live foal rates only. Mare was added as a random effect in all models to account for the fact that mares had multiple pregnancies. Mare age was categorised into four age groups: 3–6 years, 7–10 years, 11–14 years, >14 years and included as a fixed effect to look for differences across the age groups. Of the 441 pregnancies, 26 involved the use of hormone treatment. As a result, all models were re-run excluding any pregnancies where hormones were used to ensure consistency of results. The overall foaling rate (mean ± ) was 71% (66–76%). There was considerable variation in overall foal rate across farms (35% (13–65%) to 87% (66–96%)) but there was no significant difference (P = 0.177). Country was significant (P = 0.029). Mare age had a significant (P = 0.021) effect on live foaling rates. Mares aged over 14 years had a decrease of 65% in the odds of having a successful pregnancy compared to a horse 3–6 years of age. In conclusion, age was a significant factor for reproductive success in Clydesdales, with mares 14 years of age or younger having the highest reproductive success.

繁殖性能是马业的一个重要方面。育种者的理想目标是增加成功或有价值马匹的数量，无论这些马匹是赛马、赛事用马还是表演用马。这对于像克莱德代尔这样的品种尤为重要，因为在上个世纪，该品种的数量大幅减少，从 20 世纪 20 年代的 20,000 多匹注册马减少到现在的全球不足 5,000 匹。母马年龄是影响纯血马繁殖成功率的一个因素。然而，对其他马种是否存在类似关联的研究还很有限。本研究旨在确定母马年龄对（1）第 20 天妊娠率、（2）第 40 天妊娠率和（3）活驹率的影响。研究回顾了 135 头克莱德代尔母马（年龄在 3-22 岁之间）的繁殖记录（n = 441）。采用广义线性混合模型确定第 20 天、第 40 天和活胎率。国家和农场的比率仅用于确定活胎率。在所有模型中，母马作为随机效应被加入，以考虑母马多次怀孕的情况。母马年龄分为四个年龄组：3-6 岁、7-10 岁、11-14 岁和 14 岁，并将其作为固定效应，以寻找不同年龄组之间的差异。在 441 例妊娠中，有 26 例使用了激素治疗。因此，为了确保结果的一致性，我们重新运行了所有模型，排除了所有使用激素的妊娠。总体受胎率（平均值 ± ）为 71% （66-76%）。各牧场的总体受胎率差异很大（35%（13-65%）至 87%（66-96%）），但无显著差异（P = 0.177）。国家差异显著（P = 0.029）。母马年龄对活胎率有显著影响（P = 0.021）。与 3-6 岁的马相比，14 岁以上的母马成功怀孕的几率降低了 65%。总之，年龄是影响克莱德雌马繁殖成功率的一个重要因素，14 岁或以下的母马繁殖成功率最高。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of the amount of milk replacer offers to Holstein dairy heifers on pre- and postweaning growth 向荷斯坦奶牛小母牛提供的代乳品量对断奶前和断奶后生长的影响

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100081

J. Philion , L. Laflamme-Michaud , D.E. Santschi , É.R. Paquet , É. Charbonneau

The whole milk or milk replacer (MR) intake by dairy heifers during their preweaning period is known to have an impact on their early and long-term development, growth, and productivity. The objective of this study was to assess whether providing ad libitum access to MR in comparison to the Canadian milk feeding recommendation would impact growth performance during the preweaning period, and if those impacts would be maintained in the postweaning period, near puberty at around 11 months of age. On a commercial farm located in Quebec, Canada, 179 Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to two treatments where they were offered (1) ad libitum access to MR (AdLib, n = 93) or (2) a maximum amount of MR corresponding to 20% of their birth weights as currently recommended by the Canadian Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Dairy Cattle (ReCan, n = 86). Weaning started at 52 and 64 d of age for AdLib and ReCan, respectively, and was completed at 76 d of age for both treatments. Milk replacer (28% CP, 16% fat, 15% DM) was offered using an automated feeding system, and the amount of MR was gradually reduced at weaning, over 24 and 12 d for AdLib and ReCan, respectively, with an identical program for the last 12 d. Data were collected for individual heifers to obtain live BW, heart girth circumference, withers height, hip height, and hip width during the preweaning (55 d) period and around puberty (around 11 mo). Mean MR intake at peak consumption between 46 d and 52 d was 11.8 L/d for AdLib vs 8.3 L/d for ReCan. Our results show that heifers on the AdLib treatment had significantly higher BW at 55 d of age and around puberty compared to heifers on the ReCan treatment. At weaning, no significant differences were observed for heart girth circumference, withers height, hip width, or average daily gain (ADG). Near puberty, the BW and hip height are significantly higher for the AdLib heifers and, when considering only heifers consuming a minimal amount of 7.5 L/d at the peak of consumption for the analysis, heart girth circumference, and ADG are significantly higher as well. Our results indicate that preweaning body conformation gains associated with an AdLib feeding program are maintained until puberty and this is even when compared to the current Canadian milk feeding recommendation of 20% of live weight in MR.

众所周知，奶牛小母牛在断奶前的全脂奶或代乳粉（MR）摄入量会对其早期和长期发育、生长和生产性能产生影响。本研究的目的是评估与加拿大牛奶饲喂建议相比，自由摄入 MR 是否会影响断奶前的生长性能，以及这些影响是否会在断奶后接近 11 月龄青春期时持续。在加拿大魁北克省的一个商业农场中，179 头荷斯坦小母牛被随机分配到两种处理中：(1) 自由摄入 MR（AdLib，n = 93）或 (2) 按照《加拿大奶牛饲养和处理操作规范》（ReCan，n = 86）目前的建议，摄入相当于出生体重 20% 的最大 MR 量。AdLib 和 ReCan 分别于 52 和 64 日龄开始断奶，两种处理均于 76 日龄完成断奶。使用自动饲喂系统提供代乳粉（28% CP、16% 脂肪、15% DM），在断奶时逐渐减少 MR 的用量，AdLib 和 ReCan 分别在 24 天和 12 天内减少 MR 的用量，最后 12 天采用相同的程序。在断奶前（55 天）和青春期前后（约 11 个月）收集母牛个体的数据，以获得活体体重、心围、肩高、臀高和臀宽。在 46 日龄至 52 日龄期间，AdLib 和 ReCan 在高峰期的平均 MR 采食量分别为 11.8 升/日和 8.3 升/日。我们的结果表明，与使用 ReCan 处理的母牛相比，使用 AdLib 处理的母牛在 55 日龄和青春期前后的体重明显较高。断奶时，心围、肩高、臀宽和平均日增重（ADG）均无明显差异。在接近青春期时，AdLib 母牛的体重和臀高明显高于其他母牛，而且，如果只考虑分析母牛在消耗高峰期的最低消耗量 7.5 升/天，则心周长和平均日增重也明显高于其他母牛。我们的研究结果表明，与 AdLib 饲喂计划相关的断奶前体形增重可保持到青春期，即使与目前加拿大推荐的 20% 的活重（MR）牛奶饲喂量相比也是如此。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “The role of anti-E. coli antibody from maternal colostrum on the colonization of newborn dairy calves gut with Escherichia coli and the development of clinical diarrhea” [Animal Open Space 2 (2023) 100037] 来自母体初乳的抗大肠杆菌抗体对新生乳牛肠道大肠杆菌定植和临床腹泻发生的作用》[动物开放空间 2 (2023) 100037]更正

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100080

V. Gomes , B.P. Barros , D.I. Castro-Tardón , C.C. Martin , F.C.R. Santos , T. Knöbl , B.P. Santarosa , L.M. Padilha , D.J. Hurley

引用次数: 0

Method: Body composition assessment of sows using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 方法：方法：使用双能 X 射线吸收测定法评估母猪的身体成分

Animal - Open Space

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anopes.2024.100079

J. Heurtault , G. Maïkoff , M.P. Létourneau-Montminy , P. Schlegel

For about 30 years, the introduction of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanners in swine research has enabled the non-invasive study of body composition kinetics in animals. So far, the use of DXA technology in swine was focused on piglets, growing pigs up to about 140 kg of BW, as well as carcasses. Due to their size and weight, measuring a sow’s body composition is beyond the technical limits of the device. Furthermore, the chemical composition derived from DXA values is based on equations developed for pigs weighing between 20 and 100 kg. The present aim was to focus on the sow to (1) present a standard operation procedure to obtain the body composition of sows by DXA, and (2) assess the ability of available equations to predict a sow’s chemical body composition. For (1), a study investigated the effect of the animal’s position on DXA body composition. A total of 58 DXA acquisitions of sows were obtained on the standard ventral position (front and back legs extended) and on the lateral position (on left flank with right legs placed inward and left legs placed outward). The predicted BW, lean tissue mass, fat tissue mass, bone mineral content, bone area, and bone mineral density of the standard ventral position from the obtained lateral position resulted in root mean square prediction errors expressed as a percentage of the observed mean value of 0.5, 1.9, 5.0, 2.7, 3.1 and 3.5%, respectively. For (2), 3 sows were scanned alive and then slaughtered to measure chemical composition, then, these results were compared with equations based on growing pig data. The chemical composition of the carcass was predicted more accurately than that of the empty body. Regarding minerals, the Ca and P contents of the empty body were overestimated (12 and 3% respectively), as with the Ca content of the carcass (6%), while the P content of the carcass was underestimated (5%). In conclusion, the proposed material and operation procedure enables the scanning of sows which exceed the maximal specification of a DXA device. Furthermore, before concluding the accuracy of the chemical body composition prediction equations based on DXA data for pigs weighing between 20 and 100 kg, additional data are required to determine their applicability to sows.

大约 30 年来，双 X 射线吸收仪（DXA）扫描仪在猪研究中的应用使得对动物体成分动力学的无创研究成为可能。迄今为止，DXA 技术在猪身上的应用主要集中在仔猪、体重不超过 140 千克的生长猪以及胴体上。由于母猪的体型和体重，测量母猪的身体成分超出了设备的技术极限。此外，根据 DXA 值得出的化学成分是基于为体重在 20 至 100 公斤之间的猪开发的方程。目前的目标是以母猪为重点，(1) 提出通过 DXA 获取母猪身体成分的标准操作程序，(2) 评估现有公式预测母猪身体化学成分的能力。对于(1)，一项研究调查了动物位置对 DXA 体成分的影响。在标准腹位（前腿和后腿伸直）和侧位（左侧腹，右腿向内，左腿向外）上共采集了 58 头母猪的 DXA 图像。根据侧卧位对标准腹位的体重、瘦肉组织质量、脂肪组织质量、骨矿物质含量、骨面积和骨矿物质密度进行预测，得出的均方根预测误差（以占观测平均值的百分比表示）分别为 0.5%、1.9%、5.0%、2.7%、3.1% 和 3.5%。对于 (2)，对 3 头母猪进行活体扫描，然后宰杀以测量化学成分，然后将这些结果与基于生长猪数据的方程进行比较。对胴体化学成分的预测比对空体化学成分的预测更准确。在矿物质方面，空体的钙和磷含量被高估了（分别为 12% 和 3%），胴体的钙含量被高估了（6%），而胴体的磷含量被低估了（5%）。总之，所建议的材料和操作程序可对超过 DXA 设备最大规格的母猪进行扫描。此外，在对基于 DXA 数据的体重在 20 至 100 公斤之间的猪的化学体成分预测方程的准确性得出结论之前，还需要更多数据来确定其对母猪的适用性。

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