Architecture, Structures and Construction最新文献

The BIM (Building Information Modeling) approach represents a systemic and holistic transformation in the development and management of construction projects, requiring significant changes in processes, behaviors and use of related technologies. Behavioral adaptation is a challenge, as there is a human tendency to resist change. However, BIM technology facilitates integration and collaboration between teams and significantly increases control over project development. This article presents a natural and artificial lighting simulation interface for complete projects developed using information models (BIM), promoting interoperability and involving multidisciplinary teams and users. The interface uses game engines, software with high graphics power for architectural and lighting simulations. Its distinctions from existing simulators are in the technical accuracy of its information from projects developed in BIM and in the efficiency of photorealistic rendering in real time in the simulated environment. The application’s initial development focuses on simulating lighting with georeferencing and bioclimatic data, but in the future it may evolve and cover ventilation, air conditioning and people flow. The goal is to promote behavioral changes (both among designers and users), optimizing the use of the BIM platform using game engines and virtual reality to improve understanding, analysis, collaboration and communication, resulting in more efficient and well-functioning projects and works.

Several people moving towards major cities due to the modern urbanization and also having several opportunities have led to the expansion of cities, the expansion of cities along the horizontal direction is restricted, hence all cities were developed vertically with high rise structures. In order to support the heavy loads acting on the structure, the members tend to become bulkier and heavier inturn reducing the carpet area, Therefore innovative solutions to overcome these problems are studied all across the globe, CFDST columns being one of its kinds, the load taking ability of CFDST sections is dependent on the concrete strength, confinement strength given by the tubes Therefore the prime focus of this investigation will be in understanding the performance of short concrete filled double steel tubular columns (CFDST) under axial compression forces and determining the influence of exterior steel tubes on the behaviour of CFDST columns. The results indicate that there is a direct correlation between the wall thickness of the external tube and column compression capacity, where an increase in the exterior tube thickness yields a proportional increase in the column compression capacity by providing better confinement to the concrete.

Space layout planning (SLP) is the process of identifying the dimensions and arrangement of physical spaces to enhance functionality and efficiency. It is considered a cornerstone of design optimization to control and improve a building’s lifecycle behaviour from different perspectives. It is, therefore, essential to understand the SLP factors that influence the building’s architectural design, particularly in residential buildings, because of the diversity and relationships between required spaces. The space layout optimization literature, however, has mostly focused on construction cost and operational energy usage as minimization functions, overlooking a comparison between design alternatives based on their lifecycle impacts. Despite the growing research in life cycle assessment (LCA) of building construction methods, there is a significant area of opportunity in the literature regarding specific SLP factors that influence the LCA of modular buildings. In response to this gap, the paper aims to identify the SLP parameters that significantly affect the LCA of modular buildings for potential SLP alternatives. To achieve this goal, the research methodology starts with a comprehensive literature analysis to identify relevant SLP parameters, focusing on architectural considerations. These parameters are further examined through a critical review of LCA literature to determine their impact on the lifecycle behaviour of modular buildings. The identified parameters are filtered based on their nature and influence on the LCA process. The key design factors influencing the LCA of various modular building layouts are validated through an expert survey method. By synthesizing findings from previous research, the study confirms the relevance and impact of selected parameters on the environmental performance of modular buildings. This approach allows designers to focus solely on the parameters they can genuinely influence—those factors that significantly impact the LCA of various layout options—while setting aside elements outside their control. By narrowing the focus in this manner, future research can better support sustainable design choices. Ultimately, the findings of this study assist designers and decision-makers in the early stages of modular building projects to concentrate their efforts on the most meaningful sustainability decisions.

This study outlines recent photovoltaic developments and notable architectural features conducive to enhanced photovoltaic integration into buildings. The inherent qualities of these features are pinpointed together with new photovoltaic attributes that enhance their quality. Recent advancements in photovoltaic technology are described, namely enhanced efficiencies, half-cells, bifacial cells, transparent cells, and tiling ribbons, with their potential for enhanced building integration. The investigation is grounded in principles of building physics and architectural systems analysis. Photovoltaic modules naturally integrate with well-established architectural features, such as atria, curtain walling, multi-skin facades, and solar chimneys. Architectural systems integration serves as the cornerstone for advanced photovoltaic integration and, consequently, the realisation of sustainable architecture. Finally, designers need more information regarding the physical and environmental properties of photovoltaics to better integrate them within architectural fabrics. Thus, enabling critical qualities of energy efficiency in building fabrics to ensure the long-term sustainability of buildings. The article provides a concise overview of new features of BIPV and its potential effects. However, it does not explore specific technologies or architectural solutions in depth. This limitation should be acknowledged, as the study primarily offers a broad perspective rather than detailed technical analysis.

Since its opening back in 2017, the new Hellenic National Opera House and National Library Complex has become one of Hellas’s most iconic 21st century cultural landmarks. The entire cultural complex incorporates a variety of performing art venues such as, the main opera-concert hall (1400 seats), a multipurpose hall (400 seats), choir and orchestra rehearsal rooms, warm up rooms for individual musicians, as well as various ballet and dance rehearsing areas. Due to the topnotch acoustic specifications and the demanding completion schedule the resolution of the acoustic design required proficient, yet realistic, construction methods that could be implemented efficiently in practice. In the present paper the authors provide a detailed description about their pivotal design and construction decisions, which shaped the acoustic outcome as experienced today. The narrative initiates back in 2007 when the authors firm commenced their work with the noise mapping of the -at the time- future building site (upon which the soundproofing of the entire complex was based). The discussion continues with the acoustical challenges faced including also a practical guide, related to acoustics, for developing engineers. The work culminates by emphasizing the crucial role of a qualified acoustic professional, with architectural and engineering expertise, both characteristics required, in order to effectively orchestrate and supervise the construction of such projects. The discourse engages experiences both from the authors 50-years portfolio in similar acoustic projects, as well as from the development of the new cultural complex and their productive collaboration with JV Impregilo-Terna, that brought this magnificent project meticulously into life.

The construction sector faces the daunting task of meeting growing construction demand with a 'zero-emission resource pool'—materials that are compatible with a near-future zero-emissions economy. Most decarbonisation roadmaps and scenario analyses for the sector depend heavily on high-risk technologies such as carbon storage that have not yet been deployed at significant scale, or favour recycling whilst overlooking likely constraints from limited supplies of zero-emissions electricity. This paper therefore provides a first critical review of options to supply construction materials in the UK with realistic expectations about the availability of carbon storage, zero-emissions electricity and zero-emissions transport. The paper focuses on nine key construction materials—concrete, steel, aluminium, structural glass, timber, earth, stone, lime and straw. We conclude that the zero-emissions resource pool includes virgin bio-based materials, limited by the availability of productive land, virgin earth and stone, limited by local geology and transportation, recycled materials, limited by the availability of scrap and emission-free electricity, and reused components, limited by availability and refurbishment potential. This points to the need for a revision to the national construction strategy and a range of entrepreneurial opportunities in delivering the services of construction within a reduced material budget.

Manufacturing Portland cement, the second most widely used material after water, is a highly energy-intensive process that contributes to 8–10% of global CO2 emissions. With the rising demand for construction materials, the search for sustainable alternatives has become imperative. This study examines rice husk ash (RHA)-based concrete as a promising alternative to Portland cement, highlighting its significantly lower carbon footprint and improved mechanical properties. Utilizing agricultural by-products such as rice husk, this research investigates the effects of various factors, including concrete age, superplasticizer dosage (ranging from 6.2 to 7.36 kg/m³), fine aggregate content (1819 to 1859 kg/m³), and RHA (55 to 100 kg/m³), on the compressive strength of RHA-based concrete across 186 different mix designs. Five modeling techniques Linear Regression, Non-Linear Regression, Multi-Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and M5P-Tree were employed to predict compressive strength, ranging from 16 to 104.1 MPa. Model performance was evaluated using metrics including correlation coefficient, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Scatter Index (SI), and Objective Function (OBJ). The results indicated that the ANN model outperformed all other techniques, exhibiting superior predictive accuracy and minimal residual error. Sensitivity analysis revealed that age, superplasticizer, fine aggregate, and RHA content were the most influential factors on compressive strength. This research underscores the significant potential of RHA-based sustainable concrete as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional Portland cement, paving the way for more sustainable construction practices.

This study presents a predictive framework for estimating the compressive strength of preplaced aggregate concrete (PAC) using a comprehensive dataset and advanced statistical modeling. A total of 261 concrete mix samples were compiled, each incorporating various combinations of materials such as cement, fly ash, silica fume, GGBS, sand, gravel, water, superplasticizer, and expanding admixtures. Key mix design parameters like the water-to-binder (W/B) and sand-to-binder (S/B) ratios were systematically varied to reflect realistic construction practices. To identify the most influential components and improve model performance, data normalization and sensitivity analysis were performed. The analysis revealed that the W/B ratio was the most critical factor, contributing approximately 31.5% to compressive strength variation. The independent variable ranges in the dataset are as follows: cement (176–873 kg/m3), fly ash (0–262 kg/m3), silica fume (0–57 kg/m3), GGBS (0–228 kg/m3), sand (0–873 kg/m3), water (100–431 kg/m3), gravel (1.5–2001 kg/m3), water to cement ration (W/B) ranged between 0.3–0.85, S/B (0–2), superplasticizer (0–10.9 kg/m3), and expanding admixture (0–58.6 kg/m3). Compressive strength, the dependent variable, ranged from 5.7 MPa to 58.6 MPa. Sensitivity analysis identified W/B as the most influential variable, showing a sensitivity of 31.5% across samples. After testing multiple models, the Full Quadratic (FQ) model emerged as the most accurate based on RMSE, MAE, and OBJ performance criteria. The strength values ranged from 5.7 MPa to 58.6 MPa, encompassing low- to high-strength concrete applications. Among several tested models, the Full Quadratic (FQ) model demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy based on key evaluation metrics (RMSE, MAE, and objective function). This model offers a reliable tool for engineers to estimate compressive strength and optimize mix design without extensive laboratory testing. The proposed approach contributes to reducing construction costs, enhancing design efficiency, and supporting data-driven decision-making in sustainable concrete development.

This study was devoted towards an experimental investigation to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly proposed strengthening technique for flexure deficient RC beam. In the proposed technique, the beam was strengthened using readily available mild steel (MS) flat bar and royal bolt to make the process quick and economic. The effects of various important factors viz., the number of bolt and its diameter, thickness and size of flat bar and their location were investigated using four-point bending test. Test results revealed that the proposed strengthening technique is effective enough to enhance the load carrying capacity of the control beam in flexure. The yield and ultimate strengths increased by as much as 45% compared to the control beam in one of the strengthened cases. It was found that the size and thickness of MS flat bar and its location have noticeable influence on the flexure capacity of the strengthened beam. The anchorage failure of royal bolt was the dominant mode of failure, and the effectiveness of the method mainly depends on the performance of the royal bolt anchorage. The royal bolt failure could be avoided by providing enough number of royal bolts to utilize the full tensile capacity of the MS flat bar and improve the flexure behavior of the strengthened beam.

The absence of clear standards in the design of public buildings has resulted in structures that are deficient in both visual appeal and cultural relevance, which has lead to the customisation of public buildings. However, there are several factors responsible for the nature of cosmetic customization that individual building owners or tenants initiate in the building. This paper, therefore, aims to examine the factors responsible for cosmetic customization in public buildings to determine if there is any significant relationship between the nature of the building and the factors responsible for the modification. A mixed-method approach was adopted for this study with the use of a questionnaire and observation checklist. A total of 330 respondents were selected from the 11 categories of public buildings, and the data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics from SPSS. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the nature of the public building and the factors responsible for the modification undertaken on the building. Based on these findings, the paper concludes that the customization of public buildings plays a crucial role in enhancing their functionality, user experience, and overall effectiveness. To effectively address the needs and expectations of users, it is imperative to consider the nature of the service provided within the building.