Architecture, Structures and Construction最新文献

This study explores the potential of employing AI, particularly text-to-image generators, in the architectural design process. It addresses three main research questions: (1) How do designers utilize text-to-image generative models in architectural design practices? (2) From a designer's perspective, what are the most significant limitations and potential threats associated with using text-to-image generative models? (3) What is the role of text-to-image generative models in enriching the design process? Using a qualitative research method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen experienced architectural designers who had recently incorporated text-to-image generative models into their practice and toolkits. The findings reveal that these models have the potential to enhance creativity, visualization, and imagination, particularly in the early design stages. However, participants also identified difficulties, limitations, and potential threats, emphasizing the need to improve the tools further to fit the architectural design field. The results of this study are demonstrated as a matrix that illustrates the different tools used by architects and designers during the design process and the addition of text-to-image models to these tools. Moreover, the research findings are summarized using a SWOT analysis, outlining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with incorporating text-to-image generative models in architectural design. This study will help designers in the architectural design field, including professionals, academics, and students, to boost their creative process when designing projects and empower them to be more productive in their specializations by facilitating the augmentation, exploration, and experimentation of new ideas.

With the tremendous increase of automobiles nowadays, the disposal of waste tire rubber has become a prime environmental concern, presenting a vast ecological hazard in all parts of the world. One of the potential solutions is using waste tire rubber into concrete/mortar to replace fine aggregate, which reduces the consumption of raw materials, resulting in increased economic efficiency and long-term growth in the construction industry. Based on previous research, this paper reviews and summarizes waste rubber's fresh properties, mechanical properties, durability, and electrical resistivity as the partial fine aggregate substitution in mortar/concrete. The results indicate that concrete containing crumb rubber (CR) reduces workability and fresh density. However, it can be improved by adding large sizes of rubber particles. Concrete's mechanical properties tend to decrease as the CR concentration rises. Therefore, treated CR particles, fibers, and additional binders can increase the mechanical properties of concrete materials. Moreover, the proper CR concentration exhibits high freeze–thaw resistance, water absorption and permeability, concrete shrinkage, electrical resistance, abrasion resistance, carbonation, chloride ion resistance, and resistance to acid and sulphate attack. Additionally, the chemical treatment of rubber aggregates has proved to be an effective and practical means of compensating for the loss of durability and mechanical strength of concrete containing rubber.

The search for efficient and elegant geometric forms is always the center of structural design. With advances in parametric modeling, countless geometric forms can be generated for architects and engineers. This powerful digital tool is applicable to the design of many structural systems, in particular modular structures. This technical note develops and implements a general framework of the design, parametric modeling, and manufacturing for modular structures based on the modification of a classic Miura origami pattern. Guided by the geometric analysis, we compared three modified Miura origami units and tessellations. A representative origami-based canopy with varying angles in the Hcircumferential direction was designed through the proposed framework and numerically simulated to evaluate the kinematic and structural behavior. Finally, a meter-scale canopy prototype was constructed with digitally fabricated modular thick panels and assembled rapidly on the site. We envision that the proposed framework using parametric modeling can enable diverse designs and applications of origami-inspired deployable structures that can be later integrated into the development of adaptive and responsive structures in the future.

This research paper aims to investigate the environmental sustainability of high-rise buildings through off-site construction practices. The paper begins with a literature review of climate change, carbon emissions, and construction practices, followed by a detailed analysis of off-site construction and its potential to reduce embodied carbon emissions. The research methodology involves case studies of both experimental and real on-site investigated projects and academic research studies, and a survey questionnaire. The case studies are examined intensively in terms of environmental sustainability, with a focus on embodied carbon emissions. The same as for the quantitative survey. The findings of this research paper will contribute to the development of sustainable construction practices and provide solutions for sustainable construction projects. The research motivation is established by the projected global population increase to 9 billion by 2050, coupled with climate change goals, which emphasized the need to address environmental sustainability and energy efficiency in construction. The construction industry is recognized as a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and their consequences. The research aims to address knowledge gaps in the field of sustainable construction. These gaps include a lack of standardized measurements and calculations for embodied carbon in construction projects, particularly in comparison to operational carbon. Uncertainties related to transportation and storage, especially in off-site methods, have not been thoroughly explored, leading to increased emissions in certain areas like reinforced concrete, despite the use of prefabrication. The research seeks to narrow down and fill these gaps and uncertainties, adapting them to different project types and materials. Additionally, the overlap between the optimization process and sustainability is examined, as they are sometimes considered the same and other times in conflict. The mission of the research is to identify these knowledge gaps, explore existing solutions, and analyse the findings. The findings suggest that off-site construction can contribute to the reduction of embodied carbon emissions in the construction industry. The paper also highlights the need for a balanced approach that considers environmental, social, and economic factors in the design stage of high-rise buildings. Overall, the paper contributes to the development of sustainable construction practices and provides solutions for sustainable construction projects.

Construction Automation and Robotics is the anticipated technology to overcome productivity issues and work accidents. This research aims to analyze the implementation of Construction Automation and Robotics at Indonesian Construction SOEs from the perspective of real project implementation based on project life cycle, comparison with best practices, and potential uses, through the qualitative-comparative analysis of the literature as well as questionnaires and in-depth interviews. It attempts to report how this technology is implemented in Indonesia as a comparison tool for other countries. This research identifies that seven Indonesian Construction SOEs have been using Construction Automation and Robotics technology, where Drones, Virtual Reality, and Prefabrication and Modularization are the most popular and mostly implemented in the construction phase. Compared to best practices, those implementations are still in the adoption stage. It has not reached its full potential through the development stage due to insufficient collaboration between contractors, technology companies, and universities. Although the construction market in Indonesia has not directly demanded in-project applications, this technology is potentially considered to improve the completion of construction projects, especially the interaction prospects of Digital Twin and BIM. This study provides complete positional information on Construction Automation and Robotics type in the project life cycle in theory and practice as a benchmark for construction technology research. This study fills the research gap and pioneers Indonesia’s Construction Automation and Robotics implementation research in international journals by providing the latest and comprehensive overview and comparing it to good practices from the USA and China.

India is one of the countries with the strongest agricultural production, hence leading to accumulation of the wastes and therefore leading pollution to the environment. Researchers are using different methods for using this agricultural and industrial waste by-products for construction purposes to safeguard natural sources like limestone, and river sand. By utilizing these materials in the construction sector, the material cost can be brought down to some extent and it also helps the environment to be free from pollution. This research paper object to the usage of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) (Agricultural Waste) and Quarry Dust (Q.D) (Industrial Waste) as a partial substitution for cement and sand respectively to reduce the scarcity of the limestone and river sand. SCBA was replaced with cement in different levels of replacements 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% respectively. The different tests were done to find out the performance of the concrete and the results were compared with the conventional mix. SEM analysis was done to find out the particle dimensions and composition of the materials. The compressive strength of the specimens was increased upto the level of 35% and then it was noticed that the strength got decreased. The content of SCBA got decreased beyond 35% due to the material characterization and relatively more voids in the preparation of concrete specimens, resulting in the reduction of density of concrete. So that the test results are proven that the SCBA can be replaced by 35% (Optimum level).

Despite widespread enthusiasm, there is little research on the performance of students, especially architecture students, in courses offered with open educational resources (OERs). The objective of this research is to develop and adopt an open educational resource (i.e., an open web-based multimedia platform) for teaching an architecture course and assess the effects of the open educational resource on improving the performance of architecture students. The building information modeling (BIM) course, taught to architecture, engineering, and construction students at the University of Texas at Arlington, was selected as the testbed. This study aimed to comparatively examine the performance of architecture, engineering, and construction students in the BIM course before and after adopting the open educational resource. Hypothesis tests were performed to compare the averages of students’ project and overall grades in two semesters that the BIM course was offered with and without the open educational resource. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) tests were used to assess the potential main and interaction effects of the open educational resource and control variables (i.e., GPA, major, employment status, family background, field experience, effort level, and past BIM experience) on the students’ overall or project grades. The averages of project and overall grades were improved in the semester that the open educational resource was provided. The results of t-tests show that these improvements in the average project and overall grades have been statistically significant. The results of ANOVA and ANCOVA tests show that the open educational resource was a significant factor in improving average overall and project grades even after considering the effects of the control variables. It is expected that the open educational resource helps architecture students succeed in the Building Information Modeling course, which is an essential component of a modern architecture curriculum.