Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition最新文献

Nine caffeic and gallic acids derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and for their antiherpes activity against HSV-1. All compounds displayed higher antioxidant activities than α-tocopherol. The most active antioxidant was compound 8 (IC₅₀ = 177 μM). Five compounds (7, 10, 11, 12 and 14) were found to possess anti-HSV-1 activity with selectivity indices values ranging from 7.0 to 27.1. The most active was compound 10 (IC₅₀ = 15.2 μM; SI = 27.1).

Bone homeostasis is maintained through a balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Aging induces bone loss due to decreased osteoblastic bone formation and increased osteoclastic bone resorption. Osteoporosis with its accompanying decrease in bone mass is widely recognized as a major public health problem. It is undoubted that pharmacological and nutritional factors are involved in the prevention of age-related bone loss. In the search for the appropriate treatment of osteoporosis, there is an interesting area of marine organisms and phytopharmacology. Extracts of marine algae and other marine derived compounds have a favorable effect on bone metabolism. This review discusses the current pharmacological therapies for osteoporosis and bioactive natural products from marine for the anti-osteoporotic research.

The use of food and food products as medicine has been in practice over centuries in many civilizations. The extracts from the family Cucurbitaceae have been used in the preparation of medicines for a variety of diseases in Ayurveda and ancient Chinese medicine. The article focuses on medicinal properties of extracts derived from different vegetative parts of three Cucurbitaceae species viz. ash gourd (Benincasa hispida), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). The competency of extracts derived from these plants using different extraction solutions and techniques were tested against various diseases. These plants were found to possess antioxidant activity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, central nervous system activity, antihyperglycemic and antidiabetics, anti-hyperlipidemic activity, antimicrobial activity and anthelmintic activity, cytotoxic and anticancer activity, immunomodulatory effect, cardioprotective effects, hepatoprotective activity, bronchospasm protective activity, antidiarrheal activity, and diuretic activity.

The quest for wholesome nutraceutical sources is all-time high as acute and chronic ailments threaten human health. In this regard, a Malvaceae family member Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) holds plentiful potential. This plant with worldwide distribution is a powerhouse of phytochemicals viz. polyphenolics, especially anthocyanins. The nutritional abundance imparts it antioxidant, hypocholesterolaemic, antiobesity, hypotensive, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, renoprotective, diuretic and anti-urolithiatic properties. Though this plant has a long history of use across cultures, the recent scientific validations have augmented its status as a nutrition resource. Food industries have started incorporating their calyces into various products. In the near future, the elaboration of more fortified foods is expected. This review is expected to be contributory in its popularization by kindling consumer as well as research interest.

The aim of the study was to develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of a poorly water soluble drug, pioglitazone. Approximately 40% of new drug candidates have poor water solubility and the oral delivery of such drugs is frequently associated with implications of low bioavailability, high intra- and intersubject variability and lack of dose proportionality. Hydrophobic drugs can often be dissolved in microemulsion allowing them to be encapsulated in the form of fine globules, so that drug remains undissolved in the gut avoiding the dissolution step, which frequently limit the rate of absorption of hydrophobic drugs. Phase solubility studies were conducted for the maximum solubility of pioglitazone. Highest was found in Tween 80 (surfactant) polyethylene glycol 400 (cosurfactant) and cottonseed oil. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to evaluate microemulsion regions. FTIR analysis was done for investigating the drug–excipient interactions. The mean globule size of SMEDDS was observed to be below 200 nm for the optimized formulations and the zeta potential was negative. The dissolution of emulsion formulations was compared with commercial tablets; the results indicated that the rate of dissolution of developed formulations containing pioglitazone was 2 to 3 folds increased compared with that of commercial tablets. SEM studies were done for the shape and morphology of the globules. Thus, SMEDDS can be regarded as novel and commercially feasible alternative to the current pioglitazone formulations.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radical scavenging, and biomolecule protective property of Lactuca sativa, an important and commonly used leafy vegetable known for its medicinal properties. The hydro-alcohol extract of Lactuca sativa exhibited strong scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and nitric oxide, protection against DNA and protein damage. IC ₅₀ values of radical scavenging activity were found to be 162.8 μg/mL for super oxide, 492 μg/mL for nitric oxide radical, 558 μg/mL for metal chelating, and 1236.7 μg/mL for hydroxyl radical. DNA and protein oxidation was prevented dose-dependently and the tail length of DNA as observed in COMET assay was decreased by Lactuca sativa treatment. These results suggest that the extract of Lactuca sativa has potent activity against free radicals and oxidative damage to major biomolecules.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of diosgenin on the human mammary carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and to investigate its therapeutic potential against NMU-induced experimental breast cancer. Mammary carcinoma cells were treated with different concentrations of diosgenin and its cytotoxicity effect was measured by MTT method, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and by estimating GSH assays. N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) is a highly reliable carcinogen, mutagen and teratogen used in the present study to promote breast carcinogenesis in experimental rats. In in vitro studies, diosgenin significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner and the depletion of GSH and an increase of LDH activity were observed in MCF-7 cells due to cytotoxic nature of the drug. Elevated lipid peroxidation in NMU-induced breast cancer-bearing animals were drim down (P < 0.05) due to management with steroidal diosgenin. The altered lysosomal enzymes were neutralised by diosgenin and also, it protects macromolecular damage from oxidative stress and free fadicals production due to its antioxidant activity. From the results of our present analysis, it gives an idea about that diosgenin may be used as a chemoprotective agent against human mammary carcinoma.

Isatins are endogenous molecules present in human and mammals which exhibits diverse pharmacological profiles including anticancer activity. Similarly, chalcones, which are common substructures in numerous natural products belonging to the flavonoid family, show potent anticancer properties. A novel series of 3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)indolin-2-ones incorporating pharmacophoric elements of isatins and chalcones were designed and synthesized. The compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity against three breast cancer cell lines. Most of the compounds showed promising anticancer activity (< 20 μM) against the studied cell lines. Compound 2c, bearing a 5-chloro substituent in the benzo ring of the isatin moiety and 3,4-dimethoxy substitutions in the phenyl ring, was found to be the most active in the series with GI₅₀ values of 8.54, 4.76 and 3.59 against MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468 and MCF7 cells, respectively. Overall, the findings of the study highlight 3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)indolin-2-one as a potential new lead in the search of drugs for the treatment of breast cancer.