Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative最新文献

Background

Several methods are employed for overcoming pain and anxiety that are frequently experienced in the postoperative period. This study was planned to determine the effect of a breathing exercise on patient pain and anxiety after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Materials and methods

The sample determined using power analysis in this randomized, controlled, semi-experimental research performed in two hospitals in the west of Turkey between January and November 2019 consisted of 74 individuals (37 experimental and 37 controls). An information form involving descriptive characteristics, a visual analog scale (VAS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI I/II) were used for data collection. Descriptive statistical methods and parametric tests were employed in the data analysis.

Results

Pain and state and trait anxiety scores were significantly lower in the group receiving breathing exercises compared to the no exercise group (p < 0.05). No significant relationship was determined between pain and state anxiety levels (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The breathing exercise applied following surgical intervention in this study exerted a positive effect on pain and anxiety. This finding suggested that nurses should apply the exercise in a standard and effective manner among their independent duties.

Background

Modulation of inflammation has been proposed as a potentially important aspect of mind-body movement therapies (MBMTs). Research from the sports medicine has delineated the inflammatory cascade after conventional exercise; however, relatively less is known regarding modulation of inflammation after MBMTs.

Objective

To synthesize the available literature investigating the short- and long-term impact of MBMT interventions on systemic inflammatory mediators in healthy individuals.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of inflammatory mediators according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Guidelines. We sought RCTs in healthy individuals comparing MBMTs with passive or active controls that measured systemic inflammatory markers. We used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Hedges’s g and 95% CIs were computed across studies.

Results

Of 3122 studies identified, 23 were eligible for synthesis. Most common MBMTs studied were yoga(n = 11), qigong(n = 4), tai chi(n = 3), MBSR(n = 3), and dance therapy(n = 2). Frequency of practice (most commonly 3 times/week), intervention duration (3 short-term, single session and 20 long-term with repeated sessions for>1 week), and session length (most commonly 30–60 min) showed high heterogeneity between studies. Pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins were most commonly measured (n = 20 studies), followed by immune cells (n = 5), lipid mediators (n = 4), and humoral and complement factors (n = 2). Most showed no change or decrease in inflammatory mediators, with fewer showing increased levels. Meta-analyses suggested a significant decrease in systemic levels of CRP (Hedges’s g = −0.351; CI = −0.580, −0.123) and TNF-α (Hedges’s g = −0.366; CI = −0.669, −0.064), and a trend toward decreased IL-6 after long-term MBMTs (Hedges’s g = −0.394; CI = −0.819, 0.030).

Conclusion

While findings suggest inflammatory proteins, including CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 decrease with long-term MBMTs similar to conventional exercise, the overall trajectory of change in inflammatory mediators after MBMT may be more nuanced. Future carefully-controlled studies including precise intervention parameters evaluating pre-post changes will be required to understand both short- and long-term effects of MBMTs, as well as gauge how these changes relate to symptom relief when employed in patients with chronic conditions.PROSPERO ID CRD42022315399

Purpose

Aluminum exposure can lead to free radicals production and increased susceptibility to lipids peroxidation in the central nervous system. The was aimed at evaluating the role of acetone extract of A. digitata shell acetone extract (ASAE) on oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) level, and hippocampal histology of aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-treated rats.

Methods

Twenty-five rats were allotted into five groups (n = 5). The groups received distilled water, 250 mg/kg aluminum chloride, 250 mg/kg ASAE plus AlCl3, 500 mg/kg ASAE plus AlCl3, and 200 mg/kg Vitamin C plus AlCl3 respectively once daily for sixty days. Modified elevated plus maze (mEPM) and force swim test was conducted after 24 h. One half of the rat brain was homogenized and used to evaluate AChE level and oxidative stress biomarkers while the other half was processed for light microscopy.

Results

Pre-treatment with ASAE was shown to significantly decrease (p < .05) the first transfer latency of mEPM and immobility time of the force swim test relative to the AlCl3-treated rats. The brain AChE level was significantly increased (p < .05) in rats treated with AlCl3 relative to the control. ASAE was found to regulate the AChE level. ASAE was found to significantly elevate (p < .05) superoxide dismutase and catalase activity relative to the control and AlCl3-treated rats.

Conclusions

The findings of the current study revealed that ASAE could prevent AlCl3-induced cognitive impairment and depression. It also regulated brain AChE levels and enhanced antioxidant activity. These suggest that ASAE could serve as a natural product for preventing oxidative stress-related diseases.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain persists for longer than three months and is perceived to emerge from structures like bones, joints, and muscles. This condition interferes considerably in patients’ lives, leading to physical malfunction, psychological suffering, fatigue, social isolation, and job loss, resulting in a decrease in quality of life. Effective treatment remains a major challenge, highlighting the need for research to understand the complex underlying mechanisms. Recent studies have identified central neuroimmune activation and neuroinflammation as key contributors to the development of chronic pain, leading to central sensitization and reduced efficacy of opioid treatments. The number of clinical studies on the use of acupuncture for various types of pain has increased significantly in the last two decades showing a beneficial effect on pain relief and improving functional activities and psychological wellness. In our study, we decided to use a channel system and mathematical reasoning to resolve some chronic musculoskeletal pain. This method is grounded on an investigation of the historically described balancing systems, conducted by Schroeder et al. (2013) thus showing the extreme relevance of integrating psychoneuroimmunology and biopsychosocial details as necessary approaches to completely understand disease and illness. The results showed high efficiency and confirmed that the combination of more than two channels, somatotopic knowledge for the search for the right points on a balancing channel and the use of at least two types of needles helps preserve the balance of the treatment. More work should be done including studies in degenerative osteoarticular conditions.

Nervous and immune systems are devoted to threat identification and are essential for host survival (Fig. 1A). In this commentary, we shed light on papers that experimentally dissected the cross-talk between the nervous and the innate immune systems, using animal models and clinical trials. Next, we emphasize data showing how meditation can enable a control of the inflammatory status and provide some recent examples of high throughput genome-wide research that set the grounds for the elucidation of the immune/mind connections at the molecular level.

Mental health problems can be physically, emotionally and economically demanding, impacting patients, families, friends and society. Complementary techniques can help open up new possibilities for improving mental health worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyse the current evidence on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for mental health and to inform potential applications within western healthcare settings. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scielo databases to identify studies on TCM techniques for mental health. Meta-analyses on human subjects were included. Studies that examined mental health in other diseases were also included. Studies of low or moderate quality were excluded. Our literature search yielded 319 studies, 265 after removal of duplicates. After title and abstract screening, 40 studies were selected for retrieval. Full-text and quality assessment was performed on 38 studies, and 32 studies were included in the final analysis. The introduction of TCM into the health care system may have a positive impact on the treatment of certain mental illnesses and improve the quality of life of patients suffering from other diseases. TCM may also be useful for populations that do not have access to or receive conventional therapies. More studies are needed, and methodological quality needs to be improved. The protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Registry for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42021276118).

This study investigated mean differences in young adults’ rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and mood in different exercise modalities (exergaming aerobic dance vs. traditional aerobic dance). Forty young adults (20 females; M_age = 20.38) completed two separate 12-minute dance sessions: 1) non-stop exergaming aerobic dance (Xbox 360 Kinect Just Dance - Just Sweat around the World); and 2) traditional aerobic dance led by an experienced instructor. Participants’ RPE was assessed via the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (14-point Likert scale) every 4 min, and mood was measured by the Brunel Mood Scale (5-point Likert scale) following each session. MANOVA was used to detect mean differences in these outcomes between the two dance sessions. Results revealed significant differences between dance sessions for the overall model (p < 0.01). In detail, participants had significantly lower RPE toward exergaming dance compared to aerobic dance. In terms of mood, exergaming dance showed significantly lower confusion compared to aerobic dance (p < 0.05). Similarly, participants reported significantly lower fatigue in exergaming dance versus aerobic dance (p < 0.01). Findings suggest that exergaming dance may lead to less perceived RPE and fatigue among young adults compared to traditional aerobic dance.

This study was the first to test the feasibility of mind-body interventions with a randomised control research design in a sample that contains all ten types of personality disorders, and the first to provide a preliminary evaluation of responses using a combination of psychological, genomic, neural, and behavioural measures. Thirty prisoners with personality disorders were recruited within a clinical unit of a high security prison and assigned to a mindfulness intervention (n=10), a yoga intervention (n=10), or a wait-list control group (n=10). Both mindfulness and yoga interventions were held simultaneously and lasted three hours per day on five consecutive days. At baseline and after the intervention, we measured inflammation-related gene expression through venous blood; attention with a cognitive task; event-related potentials (ERPs) with EEG; and stress, emotion regulation and mindfulness with questionnaires. Here we show that recruitment and dropout rates were satisfactory, and data collection was successful despite its length and complexity. The only exception were blood samples where 60% of participants refused to give blood, but this was expected because 47% of recruited participants had a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. Unexpected difficulties occurred when participants did not fully adhere to randomisation procedures, and a riot took place during the final day of the interventions. This study was underpowered to detect changes on primary or secondary outcome measures, but despite that 80% of examined inflammation-related genes showed medium and large effect sizes suggesting this as an important outcome measure in future studies. Minor adjustments to the study design are necessary before a larger scale study can be conducted to precisely determine the effects of mindfulness and yoga as an additional treatment for prisoners with personality disorders.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate significant predictors for physical activity (PA) and cancer biomarkers of Chinese breast cancer survivors (BCS), as well as whether differences existed in PA adherence and body mass index (BMI).

Methods

One hundred sixty-eight BCS (mean age = 44.81 years old) participated in the study. Validated surveys discerned PA engagement and psychosocial beliefs. Other outcomes included lipid profiles, fasting serum glucose, cancer biomarkers (i.e., carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and cancer antigen15–3 [CA15–3]), and functional fitness.

Results

Results demonstrated that self-efficacy, friend support, lower-right body flexibility, and upper-left body flexibility were significant predictors of participants’ PA levels. CEA significantly associated with participants’ triglycerides, one-hour glucose, and upper-right body strength. For CA15–3, glucose and upper-right body flexibility were significant predictors. No significant overall differences in health outcomes were observed by PA adherence. However, participants’ outcomes differed significantly by BMI.

Conclusion

We found several meaningful predictors of BCS’ PA and cancer biomarkers, which would benefit healthier cancer survivorship. Taken together, the study is imperative for healthcare professionals to realize the importance of promoting a physically active lifestyle and reducing the prevalence of obesity in breast cancer survivors.