Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00016
Minrui Gu;Zheng Wang;Ming Cheng;Weifeng Su;Linyue Shang;Po Liu
The dual three-phase PMSM (DTP-PMSM) drives have received wide attention at high-power high-efficiency applications due to their merits of high output current ability and copper-loss-free field excitation. Meanwhile, the DTP-PMSM drive provides higher fault-tolerant capability for high-reliability applications, e.g., pumps and actuators in aircraft. For high-power drives with limited switching frequencies and high-speed drives with large fundamental frequencies, the ratio of switching frequency to fundamental frequency, i.e., the carrier ratio, is usually below 15, which would significantly degrade the control performance. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent work on the modulation and control schemes for improving the operation performance of DTP-PMSM drives with low carrier ratios. Specifically, three categories of methods, i.e., the space vector modulation based control, the model predictive control (MPC), and the optimized pulse pattern (OPP) based control are reviewed with principles and performance. In addition, brief discussions regarding the comparison and future trends are presented for low-carrier-ratio (LCR) modulation and control schemes of DTP-PMSM drives.
{"title":"Review of Control Techniques for Dual Three-Phase PMSM Drives with Low Carrier Ratios","authors":"Minrui Gu;Zheng Wang;Ming Cheng;Weifeng Su;Linyue Shang;Po Liu","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00016","url":null,"abstract":"The dual three-phase PMSM (DTP-PMSM) drives have received wide attention at high-power high-efficiency applications due to their merits of high output current ability and copper-loss-free field excitation. Meanwhile, the DTP-PMSM drive provides higher fault-tolerant capability for high-reliability applications, e.g., pumps and actuators in aircraft. For high-power drives with limited switching frequencies and high-speed drives with large fundamental frequencies, the ratio of switching frequency to fundamental frequency, i.e., the carrier ratio, is usually below 15, which would significantly degrade the control performance. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent work on the modulation and control schemes for improving the operation performance of DTP-PMSM drives with low carrier ratios. Specifically, three categories of methods, i.e., the space vector modulation based control, the model predictive control (MPC), and the optimized pulse pattern (OPP) based control are reviewed with principles and performance. In addition, brief discussions regarding the comparison and future trends are presented for low-carrier-ratio (LCR) modulation and control schemes of DTP-PMSM drives.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11042885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00014
Kaiwei He;Wenxiang Zhao;Zhongze Wu;Jinghua Ji
High-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have recently been widely applied in various applications. However, due to the increased rotor speed and operating frequency increase, the winding AC losses rise substantially, posing risks to the safety operation. Accurate modeling of the AC losses has therefore become critical at the motor initial design stage. This paper reviews the main modeling methods for AC copper losses in PMSMs, including analytical methods, finite element methods, and hybrid modeling methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed in detail, and key issues in the modeling process are discussed. Finally, future research directions in AC copper loss modeling are explored, providing new insights for motor design and performance optimization.
{"title":"Modeling of AC Losses in High-Speed PMSM Windings: Methods, Challenges, and Prospects","authors":"Kaiwei He;Wenxiang Zhao;Zhongze Wu;Jinghua Ji","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00014","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have recently been widely applied in various applications. However, due to the increased rotor speed and operating frequency increase, the winding AC losses rise substantially, posing risks to the safety operation. Accurate modeling of the AC losses has therefore become critical at the motor initial design stage. This paper reviews the main modeling methods for AC copper losses in PMSMs, including analytical methods, finite element methods, and hybrid modeling methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed in detail, and key issues in the modeling process are discussed. Finally, future research directions in AC copper loss modeling are explored, providing new insights for motor design and performance optimization.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"163-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11042886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00017
A. Ghaheri;A. Zarghani;E. Afjei;H. Torkaman
The efficiency of energy conversion from mechanical to electrical in AC generators is not entirely optimal, as power losses are converted into heat. Accurate thermal modeling and temperature measurement of advanced electric machines with complex structures are mandatory to confirm their reliability and safe operation. In a unique axial transverse flux switching permanent magnet (ATFSPM) generator, due to its high power density, large stray loss from leakage flux, compact topology, and totally enclosed structure, thermal analysis is of paramount significance. In this paper, thermal modeling and analysis of ATFSPM are carried out in detail using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate the thermal condition for a precise performance improvement. To begin, all loss sources are accurately derived using 3-D FEA and analytical methods, taking into account the temperature dependence of material properties, and then losses are coupled to the thermal model as heat sources. Afterward, aiming for realistic thermal modelling, the convection heat transfer in the different regions of internal and external areas as well as thin layers of interface gaps between components are all considered. In addition, the prototype of ATFSPM is supplied to validate the accuracy of 3-D FEA temperature prediction. Furthermore, a novel technique is carried out to effectively improve thermal performance, enhance the efficiency, and limit hot-spot temperatures. The steady-state and transient temperature results demonstrate the high accuracy of the thermal modeling, enhance the secure operation of the ATFSPM, and facilitate increased loading utilizing the proposed technique.
{"title":"A Detailed Thermal Analysis for Performance Improvement of Axial Transverse-Flux-Switching PM Wind Turbine Generator","authors":"A. Ghaheri;A. Zarghani;E. Afjei;H. Torkaman","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00017","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of energy conversion from mechanical to electrical in AC generators is not entirely optimal, as power losses are converted into heat. Accurate thermal modeling and temperature measurement of advanced electric machines with complex structures are mandatory to confirm their reliability and safe operation. In a unique axial transverse flux switching permanent magnet (ATFSPM) generator, due to its high power density, large stray loss from leakage flux, compact topology, and totally enclosed structure, thermal analysis is of paramount significance. In this paper, thermal modeling and analysis of ATFSPM are carried out in detail using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate the thermal condition for a precise performance improvement. To begin, all loss sources are accurately derived using 3-D FEA and analytical methods, taking into account the temperature dependence of material properties, and then losses are coupled to the thermal model as heat sources. Afterward, aiming for realistic thermal modelling, the convection heat transfer in the different regions of internal and external areas as well as thin layers of interface gaps between components are all considered. In addition, the prototype of ATFSPM is supplied to validate the accuracy of 3-D FEA temperature prediction. Furthermore, a novel technique is carried out to effectively improve thermal performance, enhance the efficiency, and limit hot-spot temperatures. The steady-state and transient temperature results demonstrate the high accuracy of the thermal modeling, enhance the secure operation of the ATFSPM, and facilitate increased loading utilizing the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"212-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11042890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00020
Feng Liu;Xiuhe Wang;Lingling Sun;Hongye Wei
With the continuous upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and the rapid rise of emerging technology fields, the performance requirements for the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have become higher and higher. The importance of fast and accurate electromagnetic thermal coupling analysis of such motors becomes more and more prominent. In view of this, the surface-mounted PMSM (SPMSM) equipped with unequally thick magnetic poles is taken as the main object and its electromagnetic thermal coupling analytical model (ETcAM) is investigated. First, the electromagnetic analytical model (EAM) is studied based on the modified subdomain method. It realizes the fast calculation of key electromagnetic characteristics. Subsequently, the 3D thermal analytical model (TAM) is developed by combining the EAM, the lumped parameter thermal network method (LPTNM), and the partial differential equation of heat flux. It realizes the fast calculation of key thermal characteristics in 3D space. Further, the information transfer channel between EAM and TAM is built with reference to the intrinsic connection between electromagnetic field and temperature field. Thereby, the novel ETcAM is proposed to realize the fast and accurate prediction of electromagnetic and temperature fields. Besides, ETcAM has a lot to commend it. One is that it well accounts for the complex structure, saturation, and heat exchange behavior. Second, it saves a lot of computer resources. It offers boundless possibilities for initial design, scheme evaluation, and optimization of motors. Finally, the validity, accuracy, and practicality of this study are verified by simulation and experiment.
{"title":"Fast and Accurate Prediction of Electromagnetic and Temperature Fields for SPMSM Equipped with Unequally Thick Magnetic Poles","authors":"Feng Liu;Xiuhe Wang;Lingling Sun;Hongye Wei","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00020","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuous upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and the rapid rise of emerging technology fields, the performance requirements for the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have become higher and higher. The importance of fast and accurate electromagnetic thermal coupling analysis of such motors becomes more and more prominent. In view of this, the surface-mounted PMSM (SPMSM) equipped with unequally thick magnetic poles is taken as the main object and its electromagnetic thermal coupling analytical model (ETcAM) is investigated. First, the electromagnetic analytical model (EAM) is studied based on the modified subdomain method. It realizes the fast calculation of key electromagnetic characteristics. Subsequently, the 3D thermal analytical model (TAM) is developed by combining the EAM, the lumped parameter thermal network method (LPTNM), and the partial differential equation of heat flux. It realizes the fast calculation of key thermal characteristics in 3D space. Further, the information transfer channel between EAM and TAM is built with reference to the intrinsic connection between electromagnetic field and temperature field. Thereby, the novel ETcAM is proposed to realize the fast and accurate prediction of electromagnetic and temperature fields. Besides, ETcAM has a lot to commend it. One is that it well accounts for the complex structure, saturation, and heat exchange behavior. Second, it saves a lot of computer resources. It offers boundless possibilities for initial design, scheme evaluation, and optimization of motors. Finally, the validity, accuracy, and practicality of this study are verified by simulation and experiment.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"199-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11066211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00019
Yijia Huang;Wentao Huang;Tinglong Pan;Dezhi Xu
In this article, an inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault diagnosis and severity estimation method based on extended state observer (ESO) and convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The relationship between fault parameters and motor parameters is analyzed and the equivalent model of ITSC faults in the natural reference frame is accordingly derived. To achieve fault detection and location, the short-circuit turn ratio and short-circuit current are integrated as the fault diagnosis index. According to the model of the shortcircuit current, an ESO is designed for the estimation of the fault diagnosis index. Further, the sensitivity analysis among fault parameters is conducted to evaluate the short-circuit turn ratio and the short-circuit resistance. Subsequently, the postfault current, back electromotive force, electrical angular velocity, q1-axis current reference and the fault diagnosis index are selected as the input signals of CNN to estimate the short-circuit turn ratio. This approach not only resolves parameter coupling challenges but also provides a quantitative assessment of fault severity. Finally, simulations and experiments under different operating points validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Inter-Turn Short-Circuit Fault Diagnosis and Severity Estimation for Five-Phase PMSM","authors":"Yijia Huang;Wentao Huang;Tinglong Pan;Dezhi Xu","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00019","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault diagnosis and severity estimation method based on extended state observer (ESO) and convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The relationship between fault parameters and motor parameters is analyzed and the equivalent model of ITSC faults in the natural reference frame is accordingly derived. To achieve fault detection and location, the short-circuit turn ratio and short-circuit current are integrated as the fault diagnosis index. According to the model of the shortcircuit current, an ESO is designed for the estimation of the fault diagnosis index. Further, the sensitivity analysis among fault parameters is conducted to evaluate the short-circuit turn ratio and the short-circuit resistance. Subsequently, the postfault current, back electromotive force, electrical angular velocity, q<inf>1</inf>-axis current reference and the fault diagnosis index are selected as the input signals of CNN to estimate the short-circuit turn ratio. This approach not only resolves parameter coupling challenges but also provides a quantitative assessment of fault severity. Finally, simulations and experiments under different operating points validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"224-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11066212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Content","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11066185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The arc-linear motor (ALM) is a new type of special motor derived from the linear motor, which has the merits of high torque, compact structure and fast dynamic response. This kind of motor does not need a complex intermediate transmission device, it is used in some direct-drive applications for continuous rotation or limited angle motion. However, there is no systematic summary and generalization of the ALMs so far. Therefore, this paper systematically overviews the recent advances in ALMs for direct-drive systems. First, the evolution process and basic structure of the ALM are introduced. And then, various ALMs are reviewed with particular reference to motor topologies, working principle, motor performance, optimization design and control techniques. To heel, a comprehensive comparison of several typical ALMs is carried out. Finally, the application areas, main challenges and development trends of the ALMs are highlighted.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Arc-Linear Motors for Direct-Drive Applications: A Review","authors":"Zhenbao Pan;Jiwen Zhao;Shuhua Fang;Jinhao Cai;Qiangren Xu","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00018","url":null,"abstract":"The arc-linear motor (ALM) is a new type of special motor derived from the linear motor, which has the merits of high torque, compact structure and fast dynamic response. This kind of motor does not need a complex intermediate transmission device, it is used in some direct-drive applications for continuous rotation or limited angle motion. However, there is no systematic summary and generalization of the ALMs so far. Therefore, this paper systematically overviews the recent advances in ALMs for direct-drive systems. First, the evolution process and basic structure of the ALM are introduced. And then, various ALMs are reviewed with particular reference to motor topologies, working principle, motor performance, optimization design and control techniques. To heel, a comprehensive comparison of several typical ALMs is carried out. Finally, the application areas, main challenges and development trends of the ALMs are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"146-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11066188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-23DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00012
Guozheng Zhang;Menghui Li;Xin Gu;Wei Chen
With the increasing demand for high reliability and availability in power conversion equipment within power electronics systems, the fault diagnosis of neutral-point-clamped (NPC) three-level inverters has garnered widespread attention. To address the challenges of fault feature extraction, this article proposes an end-to-end diagnostic approach based on a wavelet kernel convolutional neural network (WKCNN), capable of extracting multi-scale features from current signals to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy. This method directly uses raw three-phase current signals as input, applying wavelet kernel convolution to automatically capture frequency-domain fault features, combined with a Softmax classifier optimized by the Adam algorithm to achieve fault diagnosis for NPC three-level inverters. Experimental results under various operating conditions demonstrate that this approach maintains robust diagnostic accuracy across multiple fault scenarios, with comparative analysis further confirming its advantages in diagnostic efficiency and performance over traditional machine learning and other deep learning methods.
{"title":"Fault Diagnosis Method for Open-Circuit Faults in NPC Three-Level Inverter Based on WKCNN","authors":"Guozheng Zhang;Menghui Li;Xin Gu;Wei Chen","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00012","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing demand for high reliability and availability in power conversion equipment within power electronics systems, the fault diagnosis of neutral-point-clamped (NPC) three-level inverters has garnered widespread attention. To address the challenges of fault feature extraction, this article proposes an end-to-end diagnostic approach based on a wavelet kernel convolutional neural network (WKCNN), capable of extracting multi-scale features from current signals to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy. This method directly uses raw three-phase current signals as input, applying wavelet kernel convolution to automatically capture frequency-domain fault features, combined with a Softmax classifier optimized by the Adam algorithm to achieve fault diagnosis for NPC three-level inverters. Experimental results under various operating conditions demonstrate that this approach maintains robust diagnostic accuracy across multiple fault scenarios, with comparative analysis further confirming its advantages in diagnostic efficiency and performance over traditional machine learning and other deep learning methods.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"234-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11014611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-23DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00015
Yang Chen;Dajun Tao;Baojun Ge
The coupling effect of dual-parallel rotor connected stator permanent magnet synchronous motor not only affects the magnetic field in the coupling area, but also generates an additional magnetic field in the uncoupled area. The characteristics of the additional magnetic field and its influence on electromagnetic torque are studied in this paper. The topology and parameters of motor are described briefly. The existence of additional magnetic field is proved by the simulation models under two boundary conditions, and its characteristics and source are analyzed. The analytical model is established, and the influence of key parameters on the additional magnetic field is discussed. On this basis, the influence of the additional magnetic field on the electromagnetic torque of the motor is studied, and the analytical expression of the additional torque is constructed. The fluctuation rule is analyzed, and the additional magnetic field separation model is proposed. The theoretical analysis and simulation results reveal and improve the internal mechanism of reducing motor torque ripple by optimizing the duty angle and coupling distance. Finally, a prototype test platform is built to verify the correctness of the proposed theory and the accuracy of the simulation model.
{"title":"Additional Magnetic Field of Dual-Parallel Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and its Influence on Electromagnetic Torque","authors":"Yang Chen;Dajun Tao;Baojun Ge","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00015","url":null,"abstract":"The coupling effect of dual-parallel rotor connected stator permanent magnet synchronous motor not only affects the magnetic field in the coupling area, but also generates an additional magnetic field in the uncoupled area. The characteristics of the additional magnetic field and its influence on electromagnetic torque are studied in this paper. The topology and parameters of motor are described briefly. The existence of additional magnetic field is proved by the simulation models under two boundary conditions, and its characteristics and source are analyzed. The analytical model is established, and the influence of key parameters on the additional magnetic field is discussed. On this basis, the influence of the additional magnetic field on the electromagnetic torque of the motor is studied, and the analytical expression of the additional torque is constructed. The fluctuation rule is analyzed, and the additional magnetic field separation model is proposed. The theoretical analysis and simulation results reveal and improve the internal mechanism of reducing motor torque ripple by optimizing the duty angle and coupling distance. Finally, a prototype test platform is built to verify the correctness of the proposed theory and the accuracy of the simulation model.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"189-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11014610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensorless control of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) often requires a hybrid mode combining low-speed pulse injection methods and high-speed model-based estimation. However, pulse injection causes unwanted audible noises and torque ripples. This article proposes an enhanced model-based sensorless approach to extend downwards the speed range in which sensorless control can work without injection. An inertial phase-locked loop (IPLL) based on a stator flux observer is introduced for position estimation. Compared to the conventional phase-locked loop scheme, the IPLL offers a more robust disturbance rejection capability and thus reduces the flux model errors at lower speeds. Experimental results substantiate the feasibility of the extended low-speed operation using the model-based sensorless control approach.
{"title":"Enhanced Sensorless Control of Switched Reluctance Motors Using Inertial Phase-Locked Loop for Extended Speed Range","authors":"Zifeng Chen;Xijian Lin;Huayu Ji;Zehua Li;Hang Zhao;Dianxun Xiao","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00013","url":null,"abstract":"Sensorless control of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) often requires a hybrid mode combining low-speed pulse injection methods and high-speed model-based estimation. However, pulse injection causes unwanted audible noises and torque ripples. This article proposes an enhanced model-based sensorless approach to extend downwards the speed range in which sensorless control can work without injection. An inertial phase-locked loop (IPLL) based on a stator flux observer is introduced for position estimation. Compared to the conventional phase-locked loop scheme, the IPLL offers a more robust disturbance rejection capability and thus reduces the flux model errors at lower speeds. Experimental results substantiate the feasibility of the extended low-speed operation using the model-based sensorless control approach.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 2","pages":"246-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11014605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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