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Message from Editors 编辑致辞
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.10051
As with the continuous advancement of the low-carbon energy development, the wind power generation experiences fast growth with 441.3 GW installed capacity by Dec. 2023. The high penetration of renewable energy, together with high penetration of power electronic equipment (namely, “double high”), has been altering the steady-state and transient characteristics of wind power generation in a profound way, resulting in the different risk of instability. These stability issues will seriously affect the consumption of renewable energy and threaten the safe supply of electricity. Along with rapid deployment of wind power generation, together with the solar photovoltaic generation, it is expected to be over 1200 GW by 2030.
随着低碳能源发展的不断推进,风力发电快速增长,到 2023 年 12 月,风力发电装机容量将达到 441.3 千兆瓦。可再生能源的高渗透率,加上电力电子设备的高渗透率(即 "双高"),深刻改变了风力发电的稳态和暂态特性,导致不同的不稳定风险。这些稳定性问题将严重影响可再生能源的消纳,威胁电力的安全供应。随着风力发电的快速部署,加上太阳能光伏发电,预计到 2030 年,风力发电将超过 1200 千兆瓦。
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引用次数: 0
Transient Damping of Virtual Synchronous Generator for Enhancing Synchronization Stability During Voltage Dips 虚拟同步发电机的瞬态阻尼以增强电压骤降期间的同步稳定性
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00021
Shitao Sun;Yu Lei;Guowen Hao;Yi Lu;Jindong Liu;Zhaoxin Song;Jie Zhang
Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) are widely introduced to the renewable power generation, the variable-speed pumped storage units, and so on, as a promising grid-forming solution. It is noted that VSGs can provide virtual inertia for frequency support, but the larger inertia would worsen the synchronization stability, referring to keeping synchronization with the grid during voltage dips. Thus, this paper presents a transient damping method of VSGs for enhancing the synchronization stability during voltage dips. It is revealed that the loss of synchronization (LOS) of VSGs always accompanies with the positive frequency deviation and the damping is the key factor to remove LOS when the equilibrium point exists. In order to enhance synchronization stability during voltage dips, the transient damping is proposed, which is generated by the frequency deviation in active power loop. Additionally, the proposed method can realize seamless switching between normal state and grid fault. Moreover, detailed control design for transient damping gain is given to ensure the synchronization stability under different inertia requirements during voltage dips. Finally, the experimental results are presented to validate the analysis and the effectiveness of the improved transient damping method.
虚拟同步发电机(VSG)作为一种有前途的电网形成解决方案,被广泛引入可再生能源发电、变速抽水蓄能机组等领域。人们注意到,VSGs 可以为频率支持提供虚拟惯性,但较大的惯性会恶化同步稳定性,即在电压骤降时与电网保持同步。因此,本文提出了一种 VSG 瞬态阻尼方法,以增强电压暂降期间的同步稳定性。研究表明,VSG 的同步损失(LOS)总是伴随着正频率偏差,而当平衡点存在时,阻尼是消除 LOS 的关键因素。为了增强电压骤降期间的同步稳定性,提出了由有功功率环路频率偏差产生的瞬态阻尼。此外,所提出的方法还能实现正常状态和电网故障之间的无缝切换。此外,还给出了暂态阻尼增益的详细控制设计,以确保电压暂降期间不同惯性要求下的同步稳定性。最后,介绍了实验结果,以验证分析结果和改进的暂态阻尼方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Design Optimization of a Self-Circulated Hydrogen Cooling System for a PM Wind Generator Based on Taguchi Method 基于田口方法的永磁风力发电机自循环氢气冷却系统优化设计
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00024
Gaojia Zhu;Yunhao Li;Longnv Li
With the continuous improvement of permanent magnet (PM) wind generators' capacity and power density, the design of reasonable and efficient cooling structures has become a focus. This paper proposes a fully enclosed self-circulating hydrogen cooling structure for a originally forced-air-cooled direct-drive PM wind generator. The proposed hydrogen cooling system uses the rotor panel supports that hold the rotor core as the radial blades, and the hydrogen flow is driven by the rotating plates to flow through the axial and radial vents to realize the efficient cooling of the generator. According to the structural parameters of the cooling system, the Taguchi method is used to decouple the structural variables. The influence of the size of each cooling structure on the heat dissipation characteristic is analyzed, and the appropriate cooling structure scheme is determined.
随着永磁风力发电机容量和功率密度的不断提高,设计合理高效的冷却结构已成为焦点。本文针对原强制风冷直驱永磁风力发电机提出了一种全封闭自循环氢冷却结构。所提出的氢气冷却系统以固定转子铁芯的转子板支撑作为径向叶片,通过转子板带动氢气流流经轴向和径向通风口,实现发电机的高效冷却。根据冷却系统的结构参数,采用田口方法对结构变量进行解耦。分析了各冷却结构尺寸对散热特性的影响,确定了合适的冷却结构方案。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical Model and Topology Optimization of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator 双馈感应发电机的分析模型和拓扑优化
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00022
Lu Sun;Haoyu Kang;Jin Wang;Zequan Li;Jianjun Liu;Yiming Ma;Libing Zhou
As the core component of energy conversion for large wind turbines, the output performance of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) plays a decisive role in the power quality of wind turbines. To realize the fast and accurate design optimization of DFIGs, this paper proposes a novel hybrid-driven surrogate-assisted optimization method. It firstly establishes an accurate subdomain model of DFIGs to analytically predict performance indexes. Furthermore, taking the inexpensive analytical dataset produced by the subdomain model as the source domain and the expensive finite element analysis dataset as the target domain, a high-precision surrogate model is trained in a transfer learning way and used for the subsequent multi-objective optimization process. Based on this model, taking the total harmonic distortion of electromotive force, cogging torque, and iron loss as objectives, and the slot and inner/outer diameters as parameters for optimizing the topology, achieve a rapid and accurate electromagnetic design for DFIGs. Finally, experiments are carried out on a 3MW DFIG to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
作为大型风力涡轮机能量转换的核心部件,双馈异步发电机(DFIG)的输出性能对风力涡轮机的电能质量起着决定性作用。为实现 DFIG 快速、准确的优化设计,本文提出了一种新颖的混合驱动代用辅助优化方法。它首先建立了精确的双馈变流器子域模型,通过分析预测性能指标。此外,以子域模型产生的廉价分析数据集为源域,以昂贵的有限元分析数据集为目标域,以迁移学习的方式训练出高精度的代用模型,并用于后续的多目标优化过程。基于该模型,以电动势总谐波畸变、齿槽转矩和铁损为目标,以槽孔和内外直径为参数优化拓扑结构,实现了快速、精确的双馈变流器电磁设计。最后,在 3MW DFIG 上进行了实验,验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Review of the Analysis and Suppression for High-Frequency Oscillations of the Grid-Connected Wind Power Generation System 并网风力发电系统高频振荡分析与抑制综述
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00025
Bo Pang;Qi Si;Pan Jiang;Kai Liao;Xiaojuan Zhu;Jianwei Yang;Zhengyou He
High-frequency oscillation (HFO) of grid-connected wind power generation systems (WPGS) is one of the most critical issues in recent years that threaten the safe access of WPGS to the grid. Ensuring the WPGS can damp HFO is becoming more and more vital for the development of wind power. The HFO phenomenon of wind turbines under different scenarios usually has different mechanisms. Hence, engineers need to acquire the working mechanisms of the different HFO damping technologies and select the appropriate one to ensure the effective implementation of oscillation damping in practical engineering. This paper introduces the general assumptions of WPGS when analyzing HFO, systematically summarizes the reasons for the occurrence of HFO in different scenarios, deeply analyses the key points and difficulties of HFO damping under different scenarios, and then compares the technical performances of various types of HFO suppression methods to provide adequate references for engineers in the application of technology. Finally, this paper discusses possible future research difficulties in the problem of HFO, as well as the possible future trends in the demand for HFO damping.
并网风力发电系统(WPGS)的高频振荡(HFO)是近年来威胁并网风力发电系统安全接入电网的最关键问题之一。确保并网风力发电系统能够抑制 HFO 对风力发电的发展越来越重要。不同情况下风力发电机的 HFO 现象通常具有不同的机理。因此,工程师需要掌握不同 HFO 阻尼技术的工作机理,并选择合适的技术,以确保振荡阻尼在实际工程中的有效实施。本文介绍了 WPGS 在分析 HFO 时的一般假设,系统总结了不同场景下 HFO 发生的原因,深入分析了不同场景下 HFO 阻尼的重点和难点,进而对比了各类 HFO 抑制方法的技术性能,为工程师在技术应用中提供充分的参考。最后,本文探讨了 HFO 问题未来可能的研究难点,以及 HFO 阻尼需求未来可能的发展趋势。
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引用次数: 0
A Loss-Model-Based Efficiency Optimization Control Method for Induction Traction System of High-Speed Train Under Emergency Self-Propelled Mode 基于损耗模型的紧急自推进模式下高速列车感应牵引系统效率优化控制方法
Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00017
Yutong Zhu;Yaohua Li
Increasing attention has been paid to the efficiency improvement of the induction traction system of high-speed trains due to the high demand for energy saving. In emergency self-propelled mode, however, the dc-link voltage and the traction power of the motor are significantly reduced, resulting in decreased traction efficiency due to the low load and low speed operations. Aiming to tackle this problem, a novel efficiency improved control method is introduced to the emergency mode of high-speed train traction system in this paper. In the proposed method, a total loss model of induction motor considering the behaviors of both iron and copper loss is established. An improved iterative algorithm with decreased computational burden is then introduced, resulting in a fast solving of the optimal flux reference for loss minimization at each control period. In addition, considering the parameter variation problem due to the low load and low speed operations, a parameter estimation method is integrated to improve the controller's robustness. The effectiveness of the proposed method on efficiency improvement at low voltage and low load conditions is demonstrated by simulated and experimental results.
由于对节能的高要求,人们越来越重视提高高速列车感应牵引系统的效率。然而,在紧急自走模式下,由于低负载和低速运行,直流链路电压和电机牵引功率大幅降低,导致牵引效率下降。针对这一问题,本文针对高速列车牵引系统的应急模式提出了一种新的效率改进控制方法。在所提出的方法中,建立了一个考虑到铁损和铜损行为的感应电机总损耗模型。然后引入了一种计算负担更轻的改进迭代算法,从而快速求解出每个控制周期的最优磁通参考值,以实现损耗最小化。此外,考虑到低负载和低速运行导致的参数变化问题,还集成了一种参数估计方法,以提高控制器的鲁棒性。模拟和实验结果证明了所提方法在低电压和低负载条件下提高效率的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Comments and Corrections 评论与更正
Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00801
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引用次数: 0
Investigation on the Novel High-performance Copper/Graphene Composite Conductor for High Power Density Motor 用于高功率密度电机的新型高性能铜/石墨烯复合导体研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00009
Jiaxiao Wang;Tingting Zuo;Jiangli Xue;Yadong Ru;Yue Wu;Zhuang Xu;Yongsheng Liu;Zhaoshun Gao;Puqi Ning;Tao Fan;Xuhui Wen;Li Han;Liye Xiao
High-performance Cu/Graphene composite wire synergistically strengthened by nano Cr3C2 phase was directly synthesized via hot press sintering followed by severe cold plastic deformation, using liquid paraffin and CuCr alloy powder as the raw materials. Since graphene is in situ formed under the catalysis of copper powder during the sintering process, the problem that graphene is easy to agglomerate and difficult to disperse uniformly in the copper matrix has been solved. The nano Cr3C2-particles nailed at the interface favor to improve the interface bonding. The Cu/Graphene composite possesses high electrical conductivity, hardness, and plasticity. The composite wire exhibits high electrical conductivity of 96.93% IACS, great tensile strength of 488 MPa, and excellent resistance to softening. Even after annealing at 400°C for 1 h, the tensile strength can still reach 268 MPa with a conductivity of about 99.14% IACS. The wire's temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) is largely reduced to 0.0035/°C due to the complex structure, which leads the wire to present low resistivity at higher temperatures. Such Cu/Graphene composite wire with excellent comprehensive performance has a good application prospect in high-power density motors.
以液态石蜡和铜铬合金粉为原料,通过热压烧结和剧烈冷塑性变形直接合成了纳米Cr3C2相协同强化的高性能铜/石墨烯复合材料线材。由于石墨烯是在烧结过程中在铜粉的催化作用下原位形成的,因此解决了石墨烯在铜基体中易团聚而难以均匀分散的问题。钉在界面上的纳米 Cr3C2 颗粒有利于改善界面结合。铜/石墨烯复合材料具有很高的导电性、硬度和可塑性。复合金属丝的导电率高达 96.93% IACS,抗拉强度高达 488 兆帕,并且具有优异的抗软化性能。即使在 400°C 退火 1 小时后,抗拉强度仍可达 268 兆帕,导电率约为 99.14% IACS。由于结构复杂,该金属丝的电阻温度系数(TCR)大大降低至 0.0035/°C,从而使其在较高温度下具有较低的电阻率。这种综合性能优异的铜/石墨烯复合导线在高功率密度电机中具有良好的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Role of End-Ring Configuration in Shaping IE4 Induction Motor Performance 端环配置在影响 IE4 感应电机性能方面的作用
Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00014
Tayfun Gundogdu;Sinan Suli
The performance characteristics, particularly the starting performance of direct line-fed induction motors, which are mainly influenced by the design of the rotor, are crucial considerations for end-users. It is quite a challenging issue for motor manufacturers to enhance the starting performance of existing mass-produced motors with minimal modifications and expenses. In this paper, a simple and cost-effective method to improve the starting performance of a commercial squirrel-cage induction motor (SCIM) is proposed. The influence of geometric parameters of the end-ring on the performance characteristics, including starting (locked rotor) torque, pull-up and break down torque, starting current, rotor electric parameters, current density, power losses, and efficiency have been comprehensively investigated. It has been revealed that among the other end-ring design parameters, the ring thickness has a significant effect on the performance characteristics. An optimal end-ring thickness is determined, and its performance characteristics have been compared to those of its initial counterpart. Numeric and parametric analyses have been conducted using a 2D time-stepping finite element method (FEM). The FEM results were validated using experimental measurements obtained from an 11 kW SCIM prototype.
直接线路供电感应电机的性能特点,尤其是启动性能,主要受转子设计的影响,是最终用户需要考虑的关键因素。对于电机制造商来说,如何以最小的改动和成本提高现有批量生产电机的启动性能是一个颇具挑战性的问题。本文提出了一种简单而经济有效的方法来提高商用鼠笼式感应电机(SCIM)的启动性能。本文全面研究了端环几何参数对起动(锁定转子)转矩、上拉和断开转矩、起动电流、转子电气参数、电流密度、功率损耗和效率等性能特性的影响。结果表明,在其他端环设计参数中,端环厚度对性能特征有显著影响。研究确定了最佳端环厚度,并将其性能特征与初始端环的性能特征进行了比较。使用二维时间步进有限元法(FEM)进行了数值和参数分析。有限元分析的结果通过 11 千瓦 SCIM 原型的实验测量结果进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory Implementation of Direct Torque Controller based Speed Loop Pseudo Derivative Feedforward Controller for PMSM Drive 基于 PMSM 驱动器速度环伪偏差前馈控制器的直接转矩控制器的实验室实现
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00004
Prabhakaran Koothu Kesavan;Umashankar Subramaniam;Dhafer J. Almakhles
This paper, evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed speed loop pseudo derivative feedforward (PDFF) controller-based direct torque controller (DTC) for a PMSM drive against the performance of existing PI speed controller-based DTC and hysteresis current controller (HCC). The proposed PDFF-based speed regulator effectively reduces oscillation and overshoot associated with rotor angular speed, electromagnetic torque, and stator current. Two case studies, one using forward-to-reverse motoring operation and the other involving reverse-to-forward braking operation, has been validated to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The proposed controller's superior performance is demonstrated through experimental verification utilizing an FPGA controller for a 1.5 kW PMSM drive laboratory prototype.
本文评估了基于速度环伪导数前馈(PDFF)控制器的 PMSM 驱动器直接转矩控制器(DTC)与现有基于 PI 速度控制器的直接转矩控制器和磁滞电流控制器(HCC)的性能对比效果。所提出的基于 PDFF 的速度调节器可有效减少与转子角速度、电磁转矩和定子电流相关的振荡和过冲。两个案例研究(一个是正转反转电机运行,另一个是反转正转制动运行)经过验证,显示了所提控制策略的有效性。通过使用 FPGA 控制器对 1.5 kW PMSM 驱动器实验室原型进行实验验证,证明了所提出的控制器性能优越。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems
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