Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00032
Yukun Lin;Ronggang Ni;Shengming Yang;Qingwen Deng
Position sensors are indispensable in robotic joint servo systems for acquiring mechanical positions, yet their installation inevitably occupies an axial space and increases system complexity, limiting their applicability in compact robot design where spatial constraints and integration efficiency are critical. Sensorless control reduces mechanical and circuit complexity through hardware simplification, but inherently estimates only the electrical instead of mechanical rotor position information, thus remaining constrained in robot joint control applications. Based on the previously proposed dual-gap dual-pole composite machine (DDCM), this paper systematically analyzes the causes of mechanical position estimation errors and proposes a correction method that utilizes a correction coefficient to reduce these errors and enhance estimation accuracy. Furthermore, this paper derives the applicability constraints of the proposed scheme, demonstrating that its requirements for electrical angle position errors are not stringent, thus enabling wide applicability in conventional sensorless control scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by conducting experiments on a 0.75 kW prototype.
{"title":"High Precision Sensorless Control of Rotor Mechanical Position Based on Cross Correction of Dual Air Gap Information","authors":"Yukun Lin;Ronggang Ni;Shengming Yang;Qingwen Deng","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00032","url":null,"abstract":"Position sensors are indispensable in robotic joint servo systems for acquiring mechanical positions, yet their installation inevitably occupies an axial space and increases system complexity, limiting their applicability in compact robot design where spatial constraints and integration efficiency are critical. Sensorless control reduces mechanical and circuit complexity through hardware simplification, but inherently estimates only the electrical instead of mechanical rotor position information, thus remaining constrained in robot joint control applications. Based on the previously proposed dual-gap dual-pole composite machine (DDCM), this paper systematically analyzes the causes of mechanical position estimation errors and proposes a correction method that utilizes a correction coefficient to reduce these errors and enhance estimation accuracy. Furthermore, this paper derives the applicability constraints of the proposed scheme, demonstrating that its requirements for electrical angle position errors are not stringent, thus enabling wide applicability in conventional sensorless control scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by conducting experiments on a 0.75 kW prototype.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"445-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives, temperature information is critical to achieve reliable and high-performance control. The popular model-based estimation methods are based on extracting temperature dependent terms from the voltages using the machine model. The estimation accuracy under low speed or load can be greatly affected by the model uncertainty and noise due to low signal-to-noise ratio. This paper presents a high frequency (HF) position offset injection-based winding and permanent magnet (PM) temperature decoupled estimation approach for PMSMs to achieve accurate and robust temperature estimation among a wide speed range especially under low-speed conditions. In the proposed approach, a small HF position offset is injected into the machine to construct a decoupled winding and PM temperature estimation model, in which the winding and PM temperatures are independently estimated from HF excitations. The temperature estimation is independent from the fundamental model and parameter variation, and it achieves high signal-to-noise ratio under low-speed conditions. Moreover, the temperature estimation is also not affected by magnetic saturation and inverter distortion, which can improve the accuracy and robustness of temperature estimation. The proposed approach is validated with experiments and comparisons on a laboratory machine under various operating conditions.
{"title":"High Frequency Position Offset Injection Based PMSM Winding and Magnet Temperature Decoupled Estimation with Wide Speed Range","authors":"Chengtao Shi;Yuting Lu;Kaide Huang;Chunyan Lai;Beichen Ding;Guodong Feng","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00035","url":null,"abstract":"In permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives, temperature information is critical to achieve reliable and high-performance control. The popular model-based estimation methods are based on extracting temperature dependent terms from the voltages using the machine model. The estimation accuracy under low speed or load can be greatly affected by the model uncertainty and noise due to low signal-to-noise ratio. This paper presents a high frequency (HF) position offset injection-based winding and permanent magnet (PM) temperature decoupled estimation approach for PMSMs to achieve accurate and robust temperature estimation among a wide speed range especially under low-speed conditions. In the proposed approach, a small HF position offset is injected into the machine to construct a decoupled winding and PM temperature estimation model, in which the winding and PM temperatures are independently estimated from HF excitations. The temperature estimation is independent from the fundamental model and parameter variation, and it achieves high signal-to-noise ratio under low-speed conditions. Moreover, the temperature estimation is also not affected by magnetic saturation and inverter distortion, which can improve the accuracy and robustness of temperature estimation. The proposed approach is validated with experiments and comparisons on a laboratory machine under various operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"473-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00029
Peng Wang;Z. Q. Zhu;N. M. A. Freire;Ziad Azar;Ximeng Wu;Dawei Liang
Under sensorless control, the position estimation error in interior permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines will lead to parameter identification errors and a rank-deficiency issue. This paper proposes a parameter identification model that is independent of position error by combining the dq-axis voltage equations. Then, a novel dual signal alternate injection method is proposed to address the rank-deficiency issue, i.e., during one injection period, a zero, positive, and negative d-axis current injection together with a rotor position offset injection, to simultaneously identify the multi-parameters, including stator resistance, dq-axis inductances, and PM flux linkage. The proposed method is verified by experiments at different dq-axis current conditions.
{"title":"Online Simultaneous Identification of Multi-Parameters for Interior PMSMs Under Sensorless Control","authors":"Peng Wang;Z. Q. Zhu;N. M. A. Freire;Ziad Azar;Ximeng Wu;Dawei Liang","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00029","url":null,"abstract":"Under sensorless control, the position estimation error in interior permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines will lead to parameter identification errors and a rank-deficiency issue. This paper proposes a parameter identification model that is independent of position error by combining the dq-axis voltage equations. Then, a novel dual signal alternate injection method is proposed to address the rank-deficiency issue, i.e., during one injection period, a zero, positive, and negative d-axis current injection together with a rotor position offset injection, to simultaneously identify the multi-parameters, including stator resistance, dq-axis inductances, and PM flux linkage. The proposed method is verified by experiments at different dq-axis current conditions.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"422-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00038
Baolu Wei;Wenliang Zhao;Haibo Ding;Haisen Zhao
The internal hotspot temperature rise prediction in nanocrystalline high-frequency transformers (nanoHFTs) is essential to ensure reliable operation. This paper presents a three-dimensional thermal network (3DTN) model for epoxy resin encapsulated nanoHFTs, which aims to precisely predict the temperature distribution inside the transformer in combination with the finite element method (FEM). A magnetothermal bidirectional coupling 3DTN model is established by analyzing the thermal conduction between the core, windings, and epoxy resin, while also considering the convection and radiation heat transfer mechanisms on the surface of the epoxy resin. The model considers the impact of loss distribution in the core and windings on the temperature field and adopts a simplified 1/2 thermal network model to reduce computational complexity. Furthermore, the results of FEM are compared with experimental results to verify the accuracy of the 3DTN model in predicting the temperature rise of nanoHFT. The results show that the 3DTN model reduces errors by an average of 5.25% over the traditional two-dimensional thermal network (2DTN) model, particularly for temperature distributions in the windings and core. This paper provides a temperature rise prediction method for the thermal design and offers a theoretical basis and engineering guidance for the optimization of their thermal management systems.
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Thermal Network Modeling and Temperature Rise Prediction of Nanocrystalline High-Frequency Transformer","authors":"Baolu Wei;Wenliang Zhao;Haibo Ding;Haisen Zhao","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00038","url":null,"abstract":"The internal hotspot temperature rise prediction in nanocrystalline high-frequency transformers (nanoHFTs) is essential to ensure reliable operation. This paper presents a three-dimensional thermal network (3DTN) model for epoxy resin encapsulated nanoHFTs, which aims to precisely predict the temperature distribution inside the transformer in combination with the finite element method (FEM). A magnetothermal bidirectional coupling 3DTN model is established by analyzing the thermal conduction between the core, windings, and epoxy resin, while also considering the convection and radiation heat transfer mechanisms on the surface of the epoxy resin. The model considers the impact of loss distribution in the core and windings on the temperature field and adopts a simplified 1/2 thermal network model to reduce computational complexity. Furthermore, the results of FEM are compared with experimental results to verify the accuracy of the 3DTN model in predicting the temperature rise of nanoHFT. The results show that the 3DTN model reduces errors by an average of 5.25% over the traditional two-dimensional thermal network (2DTN) model, particularly for temperature distributions in the windings and core. This paper provides a temperature rise prediction method for the thermal design and offers a theoretical basis and engineering guidance for the optimization of their thermal management systems.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"378-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), owing to the features of low maintenance costs, great efficiency, and high power density, are extensively utilized in applications such as rail transportation, industrial robots, and new energy electric vehicles. However, the application of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) results in the motor phase current exhibiting clustered harmonic distributions at the integer multiples of the switching frequency, leading to motor noise and vibration issues. To address the issues, this paper proposes a three-random SVPWM (TRPWM) strategy based on a three-state Markov chain, integrating random pulse position, random switching frequency, and random small vector dwell time. By adhering to the principle of voltage-second balance, this strategy spreads the concentrated high-frequency harmonics over a wider frequency range, significantly reducing the magnitude of the concentrated harmonics in the phase current. Comparative experiments with conventional SVPWM, conventional dual-random SVPWM, and conventional three-random SVPWM strategies demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves the expansion of harmonics at integer multiples of the switching frequency in the phase current, effectively suppressing high-frequency vibrations in PMSMs.
{"title":"Three-Random SVPWM Strategy Based on Markov Chain for NPC Three-Level Inverter","authors":"Xuefeng Jin;Kunyang Wu;Xin Gu;Guozheng Zhang;Huimin Wang;Wei Chen","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00031","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), owing to the features of low maintenance costs, great efficiency, and high power density, are extensively utilized in applications such as rail transportation, industrial robots, and new energy electric vehicles. However, the application of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) results in the motor phase current exhibiting clustered harmonic distributions at the integer multiples of the switching frequency, leading to motor noise and vibration issues. To address the issues, this paper proposes a three-random SVPWM (TRPWM) strategy based on a three-state Markov chain, integrating random pulse position, random switching frequency, and random small vector dwell time. By adhering to the principle of voltage-second balance, this strategy spreads the concentrated high-frequency harmonics over a wider frequency range, significantly reducing the magnitude of the concentrated harmonics in the phase current. Comparative experiments with conventional SVPWM, conventional dual-random SVPWM, and conventional three-random SVPWM strategies demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves the expansion of harmonics at integer multiples of the switching frequency in the phase current, effectively suppressing high-frequency vibrations in PMSMs.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"483-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00040
Hui Qu;Li Quan;Xiaoyong Zhu;Zixuan Xiang;Teng Liu;Jiamin Bai
To address the issue of increased electromagnetic vibration in permanent magnet (PM) motors for electric vehicles under flux-weakening speed extension operation, this paper proposes a low-vibration design method for PM motors from the perspective of saliency ratio. First, by establishing a theoretical model for vibration analysis under flux-weakening operation, it reveals the vibration mechanism whereby high-order armature magnetomotive force (ARM-MMF) harmonics under flux-weakening operation leads to enhanced radial electromagnetic force (REF). Second, an in-depth investigation into the intrinsic relationship between saliency ratio and ARM-MMF is conducted. This study proposes a novel methodology to design key ARM-MMF harmonics that induce significant electromagnetic vibration from the perspective of the saliency ratio. An innovative rotor topology featuring elliptical-arc composite flux barriers is developed to implement this approach. Furthermore, and synergistic optimization is performed with the saliency ratio and torque as optimization objectives to balance vibration suppression and torque output performance. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and tested. Both theoretical and experimental analyses validated the effectiveness of the motor and the proposed design method.
{"title":"Low Vibration Design and Investigation of an Interior Permanent Magnet Motor in the Perspective of the Saliency Ratio","authors":"Hui Qu;Li Quan;Xiaoyong Zhu;Zixuan Xiang;Teng Liu;Jiamin Bai","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00040","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issue of increased electromagnetic vibration in permanent magnet (PM) motors for electric vehicles under flux-weakening speed extension operation, this paper proposes a low-vibration design method for PM motors from the perspective of saliency ratio. First, by establishing a theoretical model for vibration analysis under flux-weakening operation, it reveals the vibration mechanism whereby high-order armature magnetomotive force (ARM-MMF) harmonics under flux-weakening operation leads to enhanced radial electromagnetic force (REF). Second, an in-depth investigation into the intrinsic relationship between saliency ratio and ARM-MMF is conducted. This study proposes a novel methodology to design key ARM-MMF harmonics that induce significant electromagnetic vibration from the perspective of the saliency ratio. An innovative rotor topology featuring elliptical-arc composite flux barriers is developed to implement this approach. Furthermore, and synergistic optimization is performed with the saliency ratio and torque as optimization objectives to balance vibration suppression and torque output performance. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and tested. Both theoretical and experimental analyses validated the effectiveness of the motor and the proposed design method.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"434-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00037
Songze Zhao;Puqi Ning;Tao Fan;Xiaoshuang Hui;Qibiao Shi
High-density permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used in electric drive systems. However, they are susceptible to temperature influences under complex operating conditions, and prolonged operation at high temperatures can first damage the stator winding insulation, which in turn will damage the windings themselves and cause faults. Therefore, stator temperature monitoring is of crucial importance. This paper summarizes the existing temperature monitoring technologies for stator windings of permanent magnet motors, compares the advantages and disadvantages of various methods to help researchers understand this technology, and analyzes its opportunities and challenges, followed by an outlook.
{"title":"A Review of Research Methods for Stator Temperature Monitoring in PMSM","authors":"Songze Zhao;Puqi Ning;Tao Fan;Xiaoshuang Hui;Qibiao Shi","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00037","url":null,"abstract":"High-density permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used in electric drive systems. However, they are susceptible to temperature influences under complex operating conditions, and prolonged operation at high temperatures can first damage the stator winding insulation, which in turn will damage the windings themselves and cause faults. Therefore, stator temperature monitoring is of crucial importance. This paper summarizes the existing temperature monitoring technologies for stator windings of permanent magnet motors, compares the advantages and disadvantages of various methods to help researchers understand this technology, and analyzes its opportunities and challenges, followed by an outlook.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"407-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00030
Shaofeng Jia;Yuchen Xu;Jun Lin;Deliang Liang;Ronghai Qu;Jinjun Liu
With the continued advancement of deep electrification across various industries, the demand for higher power density in electric machines is steadily increasing. However, realizing high power density remains a significant technical challenge and has become a major bottleneck in machine development. The design of such machines is inherently constrained by the strong coupling among electromagnetic (EM), thermal, and mechanical domains, while systematic analyses of these challenges remain insufficient. This paper clarifies the interdependent relationships among these domains during the machine design process. It reviews key enabling strategies, including machine design based on advanced electromagnetic theory, innovative thermal management techniques, cutting-edge material advancements, and state-of-the-art manufacturing technologies, that collectively enhance the performance and feasibility of high power density machines (HPDMs). The insights provided aim to support the development of next-generation machine systems with higher power density, compact size, and robust, sustainable performance across a wide range of industrial and technological applications.
{"title":"Overview of High Power Density Machines","authors":"Shaofeng Jia;Yuchen Xu;Jun Lin;Deliang Liang;Ronghai Qu;Jinjun Liu","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00030","url":null,"abstract":"With the continued advancement of deep electrification across various industries, the demand for higher power density in electric machines is steadily increasing. However, realizing high power density remains a significant technical challenge and has become a major bottleneck in machine development. The design of such machines is inherently constrained by the strong coupling among electromagnetic (EM), thermal, and mechanical domains, while systematic analyses of these challenges remain insufficient. This paper clarifies the interdependent relationships among these domains during the machine design process. It reviews key enabling strategies, including machine design based on advanced electromagnetic theory, innovative thermal management techniques, cutting-edge material advancements, and state-of-the-art manufacturing technologies, that collectively enhance the performance and feasibility of high power density machines (HPDMs). The insights provided aim to support the development of next-generation machine systems with higher power density, compact size, and robust, sustainable performance across a wide range of industrial and technological applications.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"390-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00034
Haitham Kanakri;Euzeli Cipriano Dos Santos;Maher Rizkalla
Reliability is a persistent challenge in power electronics, with component failures significantly compromising system performance. Capacitors, widely used in power converters for filtering, contribute to approximately 30% of failures, predominantly due to electrochemical corrosion leading to capacitance degradation and catastrophic breakdowns. This paper presents a novel capacitor-free solid-state power filter (SSPF) for three-phase inverters, offering a transformative approach to mitigate reliability issues associated with conventional inductor-capacitor (LC) and active output filters (AOFs). Unlike AOFs, which depend on compact LC structures, the SSPF eliminates capacitors entirely, circumventing their inherent failure modes. Leveraging advanced solid-state devices and transformer technology, the SSPF achieves superior filtering performance, enhances system reliability, and significantly reduces component count, utilizing half the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) switches required by AOFs. This design not only lowers costs but also improves efficiency. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the SSPF's capability to deliver a sinusoidal output voltage at the fundamental frequency. These attributes position the SSPF as a robust, cost-effective, and innovative solution for modern power electronics applications.
{"title":"Capacitorless Three-Phase Solid-State Power Filter (SSPF) for DC-AC Inverter Applications","authors":"Haitham Kanakri;Euzeli Cipriano Dos Santos;Maher Rizkalla","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00034","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability is a persistent challenge in power electronics, with component failures significantly compromising system performance. Capacitors, widely used in power converters for filtering, contribute to approximately 30% of failures, predominantly due to electrochemical corrosion leading to capacitance degradation and catastrophic breakdowns. This paper presents a novel capacitor-free solid-state power filter (SSPF) for three-phase inverters, offering a transformative approach to mitigate reliability issues associated with conventional inductor-capacitor (LC) and active output filters (AOFs). Unlike AOFs, which depend on compact LC structures, the SSPF eliminates capacitors entirely, circumventing their inherent failure modes. Leveraging advanced solid-state devices and transformer technology, the SSPF achieves superior filtering performance, enhances system reliability, and significantly reduces component count, utilizing half the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) switches required by AOFs. This design not only lowers costs but also improves efficiency. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the SSPF's capability to deliver a sinusoidal output voltage at the fundamental frequency. These attributes position the SSPF as a robust, cost-effective, and innovative solution for modern power electronics applications.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"495-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00039
Kaimeng Shi;Dianhai Zhang;Xuanzhe Zhao;Ziyan Ren
Magnetic integration technology can reduce the printed circuit board (PCB) size of inductor-inductor-capacitor (LLC) converters. However, conventional methods for adjusting leakage inductance by modifying the transformer's air gap exhibit low sensitivity and limited output power capability. This paper proposes a novel magnetically integrated transformer structure that employs nanocrystalline soft magnetic composite (SMC) lamination to separate primary and secondary cores. Using SMC for the leakage core allows for more precise control of the magnetic flux division, enabling accurate leakage inductance tuning. Furthermore, this design achieves a higher magnetizing inductance per turn. Experimental results show that the proposed GU30 magnetically integrated transformer handles a primary input active power of 206.9 W, outperforming conventional designs while maintaining a full-load efficiency above 95%. This technology has the potential to further enhance the power density of power conversion products.
{"title":"Design of LLC Magnetically Integrated Transformer Based on Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Composite Leakage Core","authors":"Kaimeng Shi;Dianhai Zhang;Xuanzhe Zhao;Ziyan Ren","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2025.00039","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic integration technology can reduce the printed circuit board (PCB) size of inductor-inductor-capacitor (LLC) converters. However, conventional methods for adjusting leakage inductance by modifying the transformer's air gap exhibit low sensitivity and limited output power capability. This paper proposes a novel magnetically integrated transformer structure that employs nanocrystalline soft magnetic composite (SMC) lamination to separate primary and secondary cores. Using SMC for the leakage core allows for more precise control of the magnetic flux division, enabling accurate leakage inductance tuning. Furthermore, this design achieves a higher magnetizing inductance per turn. Experimental results show that the proposed GU30 magnetically integrated transformer handles a primary input active power of 206.9 W, outperforming conventional designs while maintaining a full-load efficiency above 95%. This technology has the potential to further enhance the power density of power conversion products.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":"454-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11322844","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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