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Wireless Power Supply Based on MNG-MNZ Metamaterial for Cardiac Pacemakers 基于 MNG-MNZ 超材料的心脏起搏器无线供电系统
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00011
Weihua Chen;Jingtao Jia;Xiaoheng Yan;Yuhang Song;Jiayi Li
To solve the low power transfer efficiency and magnetic field leakage problems of cardiac pacemaker wireless powering, we proposed a wireless power supply system suitable for implanted cardiac pacemaker based on mu-negative (MNG) and mu-near-zero (MNZ) metamaterials. First, a hybrid metamaterial consisted of central MNG unit for magnetic field concentration and surrounding MNZ units for magnetic leakage shielding was established by theoretical calculation. Afterwards, the magnetic field distribution of wireless power supply system with MNG-MNZ metamaterial slab was acquired via finite element simulation and verified to be better than the distribution with conventional MNG slab deployed. Finally, an experimental platform of wireless power supply system was established with which power transfer experiment and system temperature rise experiment were conducted. Simulation and experimental results showed that the power transfer efficiency was improved from 44.44%, 19.42%, 8.63% and 6.19% to 55.77%, 62.39%, 20.81% and 14.52% at 9.6 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm, respectively. The maximum SAR acquired by SAR simulation under human body environment was -7.14 dbm and maximum reduction of the magnetic field strength around the receiving coil was 2.82 A/m. The maximum temperature rise during 30min charging test was 3.85°C, and the safety requirements of human bodies were met.
为了解决心脏起搏器无线供电的低功率传输效率和磁场泄漏问题,我们提出了一种基于μ负(MNG)和μ近零(MNZ)超材料的适用于植入式心脏起搏器的无线供电系统。首先,我们通过理论计算建立了一种混合超材料,它由用于集中磁场的中心 MNG 单元和用于屏蔽漏磁的周围 MNZ 单元组成。随后,通过有限元仿真获得了使用 MNG-MNZ 超材料板的无线供电系统的磁场分布,并验证了其优于传统 MNG 板的磁场分布。最后,建立了无线供电系统的实验平台,进行了功率传输实验和系统温升实验。仿真和实验结果表明,在 9.6 毫米、20 毫米、30 毫米和 50 毫米处,功率传输效率分别从 44.44%、19.42%、8.63% 和 6.19% 提高到 55.77%、62.39%、20.81% 和 14.52%。在人体环境下,通过 SAR 模拟获得的最大 SAR 为 -7.14 dbm,接收线圈周围磁场强度的最大减幅为 2.82 A/m。30 分钟充电测试期间的最大温升为 3.85°C,符合人体安全要求。
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引用次数: 0
Permanent Magnet Temperature Estimation for PMSMs Using Virtual Position-Offset Injection 利用虚拟位置偏移注入估算 PMSM 的永磁体温度
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00008
Beichen Ding;Yuting Lu;Kaide Huang;Guodong Feng;Chunyan Lai
This paper proposes a virtual position-offset injection based permanent magnet temperature estimation approach for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). The concept of virtual position-offset injection is mathematically transforming the machine model to a virtual frame with a position-offset. The virtual frame temperature estimation model is derived to calculate the permanent magnet temperature (PMT) directly from the measurements with computation efficiency. The estimation model involves a combined inductance term, which can simplify the establishment of saturation compensation model with less measurements. Moreover, resistance and inverter distorted terms are cancelled in the estimation model, which can improve the robustness to the winding temperature rise and inverter distortion. The proposed approach can achieve simplified computation in temperature estimation and reduced memory usage in saturation compensation. While existing model-based approaches could be affected by either the need of resistance and inverter information or complex saturation compensation. Experiments are conducted on the test machine to verify the proposed approach under various operating conditions.
本文针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)提出了一种基于虚拟位置偏移注入的永磁温度估算方法。虚拟位置偏移注入的概念是通过数学方法将机器模型转换为具有位置偏移的虚拟框架。虚拟框架温度估算模型可直接从测量结果中计算出永磁温度(PMT),计算效率高。该估算模型包含一个组合电感项,可简化饱和补偿模型的建立,减少测量次数。此外,估算模型中取消了电阻项和逆变器失真项,从而提高了对绕组温升和逆变器失真的鲁棒性。建议的方法可以简化温度估计的计算,减少饱和补偿的内存使用。而现有的基于模型的方法可能会因为需要电阻和逆变器信息或复杂的饱和补偿而受到影响。我们在测试机上进行了实验,在各种工作条件下验证了所提出的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Vibration Suppression for Active Magnetic Bearings Using Adaptive Filter with Iterative Search Algorithm 采用迭代搜索算法的自适应滤波器抑制有源磁轴承的振动
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00007
Jin-Hui Ye;Dan Shi;Yue-Sheng Qi;Jin-Hui Gao;Jian-Xin Shen
Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) is a kind of electromagnetic support that makes the rotor movement frictionless and can suppress rotor vibration by controlling the magnetic force. The most common approach to restrain the rotor vibration in AMBs is to adopt a notch filter or adaptive filter in the AMB controller. However, these methods cannot obtain the precise amplitude and phase of the compensation current. Thus, they are not so effective in terms of suppressing the vibrations of the fundamental and other harmonic orders over the whole speed range. To improve the vibration suppression performance of AMBs, an adaptive filter based on Least Mean Square (LMS) is applied to extract the vibration signals from the rotor displacement signal. An Iterative Search Algorithm (ISA) is proposed in this paper to obtain the corresponding relationship between the compensation current and vibration signals. The ISA is responsible for searching the compensating amplitude and shifting phase online for the LMS filter, enabling the AMB controller to generate the corresponding compensation force for vibration suppression. The results of ISA are recorded to suppress vibration using the Look-Up Table (LUT) in variable speed range. Comprehensive simulations and experimental validations are carried out in fixed and variable speed range, and the results demonstrate that by employing the ISA, vibrations of the fundamental and other harmonic orders are suppressed effectively.
有源磁悬浮轴承(AMB)是一种通过控制磁力使转子运动无摩擦并能抑制转子振动的电磁支撑装置。抑制 AMB 转子振动最常用的方法是在 AMB 控制器中采用陷波滤波器或自适应滤波器。然而,这些方法无法获得补偿电流的精确幅值和相位。因此,它们在抑制整个转速范围内的基阶和其他谐阶振动方面效果不佳。为了提高 AMB 的振动抑制性能,采用了基于最小均方(LMS)的自适应滤波器,从转子位移信号中提取振动信号。本文提出了一种迭代搜索算法(ISA),以获得补偿电流与振动信号之间的对应关系。ISA 负责在线搜索 LMS 滤波器的补偿幅值和移相,使 AMB 控制器能够产生相应的补偿力来抑制振动。ISA 的结果被记录下来,以便在变速范围内使用查找表(LUT)抑制振动。在固定和变速范围内进行了全面的模拟和实验验证,结果表明,通过采用 ISA,基阶和其他谐阶的振动得到了有效抑制。
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引用次数: 0
Content 内容
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引用次数: 0
Harmonics in the Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Analytic Calculation Part III: Influence on the Torque-speed Characteristic 鼠笼式感应电机谐波分析计算第三部分:对转矩-速度特性的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00006
G. Kovács
The harmonics that appear in the squirrel cage asynchronous machine have been discussed in great detail in the literature for a long time. However, the systematization of the phenomenon is still pending, so we made an attempt to fill this gap in the previous parts of our study by elaborating formulas for calculation of parasitic torques. It was a general demand among those who work in this field towards the author to verify his formulas with measurements. In the literature, it seems, only one detailed, purposeful series of measurements has been published so far, the purpose of which was to investigate the effect of the number of rotor slots on the torque-speed characteristic curve of the machine. The main goal of this study is to verify the correctness of the formulas by comparing them with the referred series of measurements. Relying on this, the expected synchronous parasitic torques were developed for the frequently used rotor slot numbers - as a design guide for the engineer. Thus, together with our complete table for radial magnetic pull published in our previous work, the designer has all the principles, data and formulas available for the right number of rotor slots for his given machine and for the drive system. This brings this series of papers to an end.
关于鼠笼式异步机中出现的谐波,文献中早已有详细论述。因此,我们在前几部分的研究中试图通过阐述寄生转矩的计算公式来填补这一空白。在这一领域工作的人普遍要求作者用测量结果来验证他的公式。在文献中,迄今为止似乎只发表过一系列详细的、有针对性的测量结果,其目的是研究转子槽数对机器扭矩-速度特性曲线的影响。本研究的主要目的是通过将公式与一系列测量结果进行比较,验证公式的正确性。在此基础上,为常用的转子槽数制定了预期的同步寄生转矩,作为工程师的设计指南。这样,再加上我们在以前的工作中发布的完整径向磁拉力表,设计人员就可以利用所有原理、数据和公式,为其指定的机器和驱动系统选择合适的转子槽数。本系列论文到此结束。
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引用次数: 0
Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of Variable Flux Memory Machines with Series-magnetic-circuit and Different Rotor Topologies 采用串联磁路和不同转子拓扑结构的变磁通量记忆机的电磁性能分析
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00012
Qiang Wei;Z.Q. Zhu;Yan Jia;Jianghua Feng;Shuying Guo;Yifeng Li;Shouzhi Feng
In this paper, the electromagnetic performance of variable flux memory (VFM) machines with series-magnetic-circuit is investigated and compared for different rotor topologies. Based on a V-type VFM machine, five topologies with different interior permanent magnet (IPM) arrangements are evolved and optimized under same constrains. Based on two-dimensional (2-D) finite element (FE) method, their electromagnetic performance at magnetization and demagnetization states is evaluated. It reveals that the iron bridge and rotor lamination region between constant PM (CPM) and variable PM (VPM) play an important role in torque density and flux regulation (FR) capabilities. Besides, the global efficiency can be improved in VFM machines by adjusting magnetization state (MS) under different operating conditions.
本文研究并比较了不同转子拓扑结构的串联磁路可变磁通记忆(VFM)机器的电磁性能。以 V 型变磁通量记忆机为基础,在相同的约束条件下演化并优化了五种具有不同内部永磁体 (IPM) 布置的拓扑结构。基于二维(2-D)有限元(FE)方法,对它们在磁化和退磁状态下的电磁性能进行了评估。结果表明,恒定永磁发电机(CPM)和可变永磁发电机(VPM)之间的铁桥和转子叠片区域对转矩密度和磁通调节(FR)能力起着重要作用。此外,在不同的运行条件下,通过调整磁化状态(MS),可提高变频调速器的整体效率。
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引用次数: 0
Utility and Application of a Versatile Analytical Method for MMF Calculation in AC Machines 交流电机 MMF 计算多功能分析方法的实用性与应用
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00005
Ze-Zheng Wu;Robert Nilssen;Jian-Xin Shen
A versatile analytical method (VAM) for calculating the harmonic components of the magneto-motive force (MMF) generated by diverse armature windings in AC machines has been proposed, and the versatility of this method has been established in early literature. However, its practical applications and significance in advancing the analysis of AC machines need further elaboration. This paper aims to complement VAM by augmenting its theory, offering additional insights into its conclusions, as well as demonstrating its utility in assessing armature windings and its application of calculating torque for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM). This work contributes to advancing the analysis of AC machines and underscores the potential for improved design and performance optimization.
有人提出了一种通用分析方法 (VAM),用于计算交流电机中不同电枢绕组产生的磁动力 (MMF) 谐波分量,该方法的通用性已在早期文献中得到证实。然而,其实际应用和对交流电机分析的推动意义还需要进一步阐述。本文旨在通过增强 VAM 的理论、提供对其结论的更多见解,以及展示其在评估电枢绕组和计算永磁同步电机 (PMSM) 扭矩方面的应用,对其进行补充。这项工作有助于推进交流机器的分析,并强调了改进设计和性能优化的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Multiple DBC-staked units Package to Parallel More Chips for SiC Power Module 一种新颖的多 DBC-staked 单元封装,可并联更多 SiC 功率模块芯片
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00010
Xiaoshuang Hui;Puqi Ning;Tao Fan;Yuhui Kang;Kai Wang;Yunhui Mei;Guangyin Lei
Silicon carbide (SiC) power modules play an essential role in the electric vehicle drive system. To improve their performance, reduce their size, and increase production efficiency, this paper proposes a multiple staked direct bonded copper (DBC) unit based power module packaging method to parallel more chips. This method utilizes mutual inductance cancellation effect to reduce parasitic inductance. Because the conduction area in the new package is doubled, the overall area of power module can be reduced. Entire power module is divided into smaller units to enhance manufacture yield, and improve design freedom. This paper provides a detailed design, analysis and fabrication procedure for the proposed package structure. Additionally, this paper offers several feasible solutions for the connection between power terminals and DBC untis. With the structure, 18 dies were paralleled for each phase-leg in a econodual size power module. Both simulation and double pulse test results demonstrate that, compared to conventional layouts, the proposed package method has 74.8% smaller parasitic inductance and 34.9% lower footprint.
碳化硅(SiC)功率模块在电动汽车驱动系统中发挥着重要作用。为了提高其性能、减小其尺寸并提高生产效率,本文提出了一种基于多片直接键合铜(DBC)单元的功率模块封装方法,以并联更多芯片。这种方法利用互感抵消效应来减少寄生电感。由于新封装中的传导面积增加了一倍,因此功率模块的整体面积可以减小。整个功率模块被分割成更小的单元,从而提高了生产良率,并改善了设计自由度。本文提供了拟议封装结构的详细设计、分析和制造程序。此外,本文还为电源端子和 DBC untis 之间的连接提供了几种可行的解决方案。利用这种结构,在一个经济型功率模块中,每个相脚可并联 18 个芯片。仿真和双脉冲测试结果表明,与传统布局相比,拟议的封装方法寄生电感降低了 74.8%,占地面积减少了 34.9%。
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引用次数: 0
Message from Editors 编辑致辞
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00000
IN recent years, the electrical machines and systems have grown so rapidly with more and more applications in emerging civilian industries as well as cutting-edge areas. A group of novel and exciting technologies have been developed every year. First, the research of motors in new and extreme fields have constantly brought amazing progress to achieve better performance through new technologies such as digitalization, etc. Meanwhile, the fast development of power electronics in recent decades has also changed the overall system to be more flexible, and widely extent our boundary of research area. What is more, the advancing technologies such as information technology, new energy technology, artificial intelligence technology, etc., have shown their potential roles in this area, bringing more opportunities but more technique challenges as well. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. At this point, we would like to share these most insightful ideas and progress to our peers. For this reason, CES TEMS promoted this new column Frontier.
近年来,电机和系统发展迅速,在新兴民用工业和尖端领域的应用越来越多。每年都有一批令人振奋的新技术被开发出来。首先,电机在新领域和极端领域的研究不断取得惊人进展,通过数字化等新技术实现了更好的性能。同时,近几十年来电力电子技术的飞速发展也使整个系统变得更加灵活,并广泛拓展了我们的研究领域。更重要的是,信息技术、新能源技术、人工智能技术等不断进步的技术在这一领域显示出了其潜在的作用,在带来更多机遇的同时也带来了更多技术上的挑战。这是一个最好的时代,也是一个最坏的时代。此时此刻,我们希望与同行分享这些最有见地的想法和进展。为此,CES TEMS 推出了这一新栏目《前沿》。
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引用次数: 0
Airgap-Harmonic-Oriented Partitioned Design Method of PMV Motor with Improved Torque Performances 改善扭矩性能的永磁发电机气隙-谐波导向分区设计方法
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00002
Zhaopeng Wu;Li Quan;Zixuan Xiang;Deyang Fan;Tengguang Wang;Xiaoyong Zhu
Here, we introduce a partitioned design method that is oriented toward airgap harmonic for permanent magnet vernier (PMV) motors. The method proposes the utilization of airgap flux harmonics as an effective bridge between the torque design region and the torque performances. To illustrate the efficacy of this method, a partitioned design PMV motor is presented and compared with the initial design. Firstly, the torque design region of the rotor is artfully divided into the torque enhancement region and ripple reduction region. Meanwhile, the main harmonics that generate output torque are chosen and enhanced, optimization. Moreover, the harmonics that generate torque ripple are selected and reduced based on torque harmonics optimization. Finally, the functions of the partitioned PMV motor torque are assessed based on the finite element method. By the purposeful design of these two regions, the output torque is strengthened while torque ripple is inhibited effectively, verifying the effectiveness and reasonability of the proposed design method.
在此,我们介绍一种面向永磁游标(PMV)电机气隙谐波的分区设计方法。该方法建议利用气隙磁通谐波作为转矩设计区域和转矩性能之间的有效桥梁。为了说明该方法的有效性,介绍了一个分区设计的永磁游标电机,并与初始设计进行了比较。首先,转子的转矩设计区域被巧妙地划分为转矩增强区域和纹波减小区域。同时,选择并优化了产生输出转矩的主要谐波。此外,在转矩谐波优化的基础上,选择并降低产生转矩纹波的谐波。最后,基于有限元法对分区 PMV 电机转矩的功能进行评估。通过对这两个区域进行有针对性的设计,输出转矩得到了增强,转矩纹波得到了有效抑制,验证了所提设计方法的有效性和合理性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems
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