Circular Economy最新文献_第3页

The SDG accelerator: Circular economy solutions through efficient sustainable consumption 可持续发展目标加速器：通过高效可持续消费实现循环经济解决方案

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2025.100140

Anupam Khajuria , Prabhat Verma , Atienza Vella , Daniela Zanini-Freitag , Hao Xin , Indu K. Murthy , Jatinder K. Arora , Kamani Sylva , Lakshmi Menon , Sushma Pardeshi , Ulrich Kral , Xiao Liu

The integration of sustainable consumption, education, and circular economy principles is essential for effective waste management and achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals (UN SDGs). This research approach, including applied project conclusions, examines the role of education in promoting sustainable consumption and circular economy practices, highlights key aspects of circular economy solutions and addresses the challenges of waste management in India, China, and the Philippines. This paper draws on sessions from the 18th and 19th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology, which focused on expanding waste management services and integrating quality education for sustainable practices. The findings underscore the importance of robust waste management policies, public awareness, and innovative recycling technologies to achieve sustainable consumption and production (SCP). Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the need for collaboration among policymakers, educational institutions, and industry stakeholders to foster a culture of sustainability and circularity. By leveraging education to drive systemic changes in consumption patterns and waste management, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how these elements collectively support the achievement of the UN SDGs, particularly SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production) and SDG 4 (quality education).

可持续消费、教育和循环经济原则的整合对于有效管理废物和实现联合国可持续发展目标（UN SDGs）至关重要。该研究方法，包括应用项目结论，考察了教育在促进可持续消费和循环经济实践中的作用，强调了循环经济解决方案的关键方面，并解决了印度、中国和菲律宾的废物管理挑战。本文借鉴了第18届和第19届国际废物管理与技术会议的会议内容，该会议的重点是扩大废物管理服务和整合可持续实践的优质教育。研究结果强调了强有力的废物管理政策、公众意识和创新的回收技术对实现可持续消费和生产（SCP）的重要性。此外，本文强调了决策者、教育机构和行业利益相关者之间合作的必要性，以培养可持续性和循环性的文化。通过利用教育推动消费模式和废物管理的系统性变革，本研究有助于更深入地了解这些要素如何共同支持实现联合国可持续发展目标，特别是可持续发展目标12（负责任的消费和生产）和可持续发展目标4（优质教育）。

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引用次数: 0

The road to “zero-waste” in coastal tourism cities—taking Sanya as an example 滨海旅游城市的 "零废弃 "之路--以三亚为例

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2025.100139

Jing Wu , Yawei Wang , Gaizhong Chen , Quanyin Tan , Lizhe Duan

As a famous coastal tourist city in China, Sanya is facing the dual challenges of solid waste management and resource utilization while tourism is booming. To realize efficient solid waste management and innovative circular economy models, Sanya actively explores and practices the construction path of a “zero-waste city”. In this study, Pearson correlation analysis and material flow analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Sanya and the changes in the effectiveness of MSW treatment in Sanya before the construction of the “zero-waste city” (2018) and five years later (2023). The results of the study show that the construction of a “zero-waste city” in Sanya, through the implementation of a series of policy measures, including the strengthening of strategic planning and leadership, the upgrading of capacity building, and the promotion of nationwide action participation, has effectively promoted the efficient synergistic treatment of MSW, thereby realizing both environmental benefits and economic benefits.

三亚作为中国著名的沿海旅游城市，在旅游业蓬勃发展的同时，也面临着固废管理和资源化利用的双重挑战。为实现固废高效管理，创新循环经济模式，三亚积极探索和实践“零垃圾城市”建设路径。本研究采用Pearson相关分析和物质流分析，分析了三亚市“零垃圾城市”建设前（2018年）和五年后（2023年）城市生活垃圾产生量的影响因素和城市生活垃圾处理效果的变化。研究结果表明，三亚市“零垃圾城市”建设通过加强战略规划和领导、提升能力建设、促进全民行动参与等一系列政策措施的实施，有效地促进了城市生活垃圾的高效协同处理，实现了环境效益和经济效益的双重效益。

引用次数: 0

The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines 在废葵花籽油制备的生物柴油中添加纳米颗粒对柴油机性能和排放的影响

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2025.100138

Qais Hussein Hassan , Nisreen Sabti Mohammed Ali , Hayder A. Alalwan , Alaa Hani Alminshid , Malik M. Mohammed

Although biodiesel has attracted much attention because of its ability to reduce engine emissions, its lower performance in diesel engines and the need to find renewable sources for its production limit its adoption. Thus, this work investigated the use of the trans-esterification method to convert waste sunflower oil to biodiesel (BD) and the impact of mixing it with TiO₂ and CuO nanoparticles on the performance and emissions of a four-stroke engine at three engine torques (2, 4, and 6 N·m) compared with petroleum diesel (PD). The fuel performance was evaluated by calculating the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and noise intensity of the engine. The exhaust emissions were measured to identify hydrocarbons (HC), CO, particulate matters (PM), CO₂, and NO_x emissions. The results show that BD reduces the BSFC, BSEC, and BTE up to 20.1%, 6.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. In contrast, when TiO₂ is used, the percentages are 11.8%, 0.77%, and 4.4%, and when CuO is used, the percentages are 15.7%, 3.9%, and 5.4%, respectively. In addition, the emission results show that BD reduces HC, CO, and PM up to 91.0%, while the use of TiO₂ reduces them up to 93.0%, and CuO reduces them up to 92.0%. However, this decrease is associated with increasing CO₂ and NO_x emissions by up to 42.9% and 82.9%, respectively, with the use of BD, while the use of TiO₂ increases them by up to 53.7% and 65.5%, and the use of CuO increases them by up to 51.5% and 60.6%, respectively.

尽管生物柴油因其减少发动机排放的能力而受到广泛关注，但其在柴油发动机中的较低性能以及需要寻找可再生能源来生产其限制了其采用。因此，本研究研究了使用反式酯化法将废葵花籽油转化为生物柴油（BD），并研究了将其与TiO2和CuO纳米颗粒混合对四冲程发动机在三种发动机扭矩（2、4和6 N·m）下与石油柴油（PD）相比的性能和排放的影响。通过计算发动机的制动比油耗（BSFC）、制动比能耗（BSEC）、制动热效率（BTE）和噪声强度对燃油性能进行评价。对尾气排放进行测量，以确定碳氢化合物（HC）、一氧化碳、颗粒物（PM）、二氧化碳和氮氧化物的排放。结果表明：BSFC、BSEC和BTE分别降低20.1%、6.1%和6.9%。TiO2为11.8%,0.77%,4.4%，CuO为15.7%,3.9%,5.4%。此外，排放结果表明，BD对HC、CO和PM的还原率高达91.0%，TiO2和CuO的还原率分别为93.0%和92.0%。然而，这种减少与使用BD分别增加42.9%和82.9%的CO2和NOx排放量相关，而使用TiO2分别增加53.7%和65.5%，使用CuO分别增加51.5%和60.6%。

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引用次数: 0

A review on the catalytic pyrolysis of lipids to produce alternative aromatic hydrocarbons: Synthesis of hierarchically porous zeolites and aromatization mechanism 脂质催化热解制备替代芳烃的研究进展：分级多孔沸石的合成及其芳构化机理

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2025.100128

Pengye Song , Shaojie Guo , Menghao Zuo , Xin Wang , Huiyu Qiu , Boxiong Shen

Catalytic pyrolysis of non-edible lipids to produce alternative aromatic hydrocarbons is an important strategy to reduce CO₂ emission in the petrochemical industry, which is hindered by coking and quick deactivation of zeolites. Hierarchically porous zeolites can mitigate this problem. In this review, the catalytic pyrolysis of non-edible lipids for aromatic hydrocarbons and the mechanism of aromatization are comprehensively summarized. First, the synthesis of hierarchically porous zeolite catalysts, including hard template methods, soft template methods, and postprocessing methods, which are necessary for further discussion of catalyst applications and aromatization mechanisms, is discussed. Hierarchically porous zeolite catalysts, which retain the excellent catalytic activity and selectivity of microporous zeolites, can essentially and substantially improve mass transfer and diffusion efficiency in zeolites to avoid fast deactivation of catalysts due to coking. Second, the application of hierarchically porous zeolites in aromatic hydrocarbon production is summarized. The loading of metal oxides in hierarchically porous zeolites can largely improve the deoxygenation performance of oxygen-containing lipid feedstocks. This review also discusses the aromatization mechanism used during catalytic pyrolysis to produce renewable liquid products. The formation of olefins or unsaturated groups and dehydrogenation are the critical steps for aromatization. Future research can prioritize the synergistic interaction between micropores and mesopores in hierarchically porous zeolite catalysts. Efforts can also be directed towards rational modification of the acidity of catalysts through methods such as surface modification and support optimization. This review provides necessary information about technologies for the sustainable transformation from fossil fuel-based aromatic hydrocarbons to bio-based aromatic hydrocarbons.

催化热解非食用脂类生产替代芳烃是石化行业减少二氧化碳排放的重要策略，但沸石的焦化和快速失活阻碍了这一策略的实现。分层多孔沸石可以缓解这个问题。本文综述了非食用脂类催化热解制备芳烃的研究进展及其芳构化机理。首先，讨论了层次多孔沸石催化剂的合成方法，包括硬模板法、软模板法和后处理法，这些方法是进一步讨论催化剂应用和芳构化机理所必需的。分级多孔沸石催化剂保留了微孔沸石优良的催化活性和选择性，可以从根本上大幅提高沸石中的传质和扩散效率，避免催化剂因焦化而快速失活。其次，综述了分级多孔沸石在芳烃生产中的应用。在分级多孔沸石中负载金属氧化物可大大提高含氧脂质原料的脱氧性能。综述了催化热解制备可再生液体产物的芳构化机理。烯烃或不饱和基团的形成和脱氢是芳构化的关键步骤。未来的研究应优先考虑微孔和介孔之间的协同作用。还可以通过表面改性和载体优化等方法对催化剂的酸度进行合理的改性。本文综述了以化石燃料为基础的芳烃向生物基芳烃可持续转化的相关技术。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological circular disposal of agricultural waste: Integrated production of gas, electricity, heat, and fertilizer for achieving synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction 农业废弃物生态循环处理：气、电、热、肥一体化生产，达到减污染、减碳的协同效应

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2025.100130

Zhihua Wang , Heng Wang , Mingru Zhao , Nana Zhao , Yanjiao Lyu , Xiandong Meng , Liangjun Wang , Pu Lyu

The comprehensive utilization of agricultural solids is a critical element in building a “Zero Waste City” and a vital measure for promoting the green and low-carbon development of agriculture and rural areas. Since the launch of the “Zero Waste City” initiative in Hengshui, China, the city has continuously promoted waste reduction at the source and resource utilization. Business models and institutional mechanisms for the utilization of various types of solid waste have been actively explored, and a model for reducing pollution and carbon emissions through the production of “gas, electricity, heat, and fertilizer” in the agricultural sector has been established. In this study, an analysis of pollution and carbon emission reduction in the Hengshui “Zero Waste City” construction is conducted on the basis of the “driving force–pressure–state–impact–response” (DPSIR) model, and the entropy weight-TOPSIS method is used to standardize the data from 2020 to 2023. In addition, this study uses the approved clean development mechanism (CDM) method (AMS.Ⅲ.D.ver.21) to analyze the greenhouse gas emission reduction effect of the comprehensive biogas project in Anping County, Hengshui City. The results revealed that the reduction in pollution and carbon emissions of the Hengshui “Zero Waste City” construction from 2020 to 2023 was significant. The core factor affecting the “Zero Waste City” construction in Hengshui is the development of social and economic activities; the increase in fixed asset investment in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries; the improvement in residents’ income; and the increase in the employment rate. Hengshui has driven the construction of a “Zero Waste City” through industrial development, forming a comprehensive utilization model of livestock manure that combines the production of gas, electricity, heat, and fertilizer. This is in line with the demand for the construction of a “Zero Waste City” in Hengshui. Moreover, the case project can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 87,208.5 tons of CO₂ equivalent per year, with a reduction rate of over 64%.

农业固体综合利用是建设“零废弃物城市”的重要内容，是推进农业农村绿色低碳发展的重要举措。自中国衡水市启动“零垃圾城市”行动以来，该市不断推进垃圾源头减量化和资源化利用。积极探索各类固体废物资源化利用的商业模式和体制机制，初步形成农业“气、电、热、肥”三产减排模式。本研究基于“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”（DPSIR）模型对衡水“零废城市”建设中的污染与碳减排进行了分析，并采用熵权topsis方法对2020 - 2023年的数据进行了标准化。此外，本研究采用已批准的清洁发展机制（CDM）方法（AMS.Ⅲ. d.v er21）对衡水市安平县沼气综合项目的温室气体减排效果进行了分析。结果表明，衡水“零废城市”建设在2020 - 2023年期间，污染和碳排放的减少是显著的。影响衡水“零废城市”建设的核心因素是社会经济活动的发展；农林牧渔业固定资产投资增加；居民收入的提高；以及就业率的提高。衡水通过产业发展带动了“零废城市”建设，形成了集气、电、热、肥于一体的畜禽粪便综合利用模式。这符合衡水建设“零废城”的需求。此外，案例项目每年可减少温室气体排放87,208.5吨CO2当量，减量率超过64%。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic review on the recycling of polyurethane products from offshore applications 对海上应用聚氨酯产品回收利用的系统性审查

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2025.100129

Ali Karrech, He Zhou

With the growing environmental awareness, more scrutiny is placed on the responsible handling of materials during the decommissioning of offshore facilities no longer in use. These facilities may contain polyurethane, renowned for its versatility, resilience, stability, buoyancy, and insulation (thermal, acoustic, and electrical). Recycling polyurethane (PU) from offshore facilities is both an opportunity and a challenge that has not been addressed thoroughly yet in the published literature. While recycling polyurethane from domestic and onshore industrial applications is relatively well-documented, literature reviews on recycling PU from offshore environments are scarce. To date, there are no comprehensive syntheses on offshore PU recycling approaches. The purpose of this review is to identify published articles that (1) describe the recycling of PU with a special focus on offshore oil and gas production and transport, (2) explore potential applications/consumers for recycled PU products, and (3) examine the economic/environmental viability of PU recycling in a typical offshore province, the North West Shelf of Australia.

A systematic search was conducted using three electronic databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) to source articles that describe the recycling of offshore polyurethane and its potential. Recycling methods were extracted and synthesised to identify their advantages, disadvantages, and possible gaps in the existing body of knowledge. By synthesising the literature on PU recycling, analysing the local market, and conducting a life cycle assessment of recycling methods, this study demonstrated that mechanical recycling is superior to its alternatives in terms of environmental impact and economic viability.

随着环保意识的增强，在不再使用的海上设施退役期间，对材料的负责任处理受到了更多的审查。这些设施可能含有聚氨酯，以其多功能性、弹性、稳定性、浮力和绝缘性（热、声、电）而闻名。从海上设施中回收聚氨酯（PU）既是机遇也是挑战，在已发表的文献中尚未得到彻底解决。虽然从国内和陆上工业应用中回收聚氨酯的文献记录相对较好，但从海上环境中回收PU的文献综述却很少。到目前为止，还没有关于海上PU回收方法的综合研究。本综述的目的是找出以下已发表的文章：(1)描述PU的回收利用，特别关注海上油气生产和运输；(2)探索回收PU产品的潜在应用/消费者；(3)在澳大利亚西北大陆架一个典型的海上省份研究PU回收利用的经济/环境可行性。通过三个电子数据库（Scopus， ScienceDirect和Web of Science）进行了系统的搜索，以获取描述海上聚氨酯回收及其潜力的文章。提取和综合回收方法，以确定其优点，缺点和现有知识体系中可能存在的差距。通过综合有关PU回收的文献，分析当地市场，并对回收方法进行生命周期评估，本研究表明，在环境影响和经济可行性方面，机械回收优于其替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Material flow analysis and modelling of the feedstock potential for recycling polystyrene 回收聚苯乙烯原料潜力的物料流分析与建模

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2025.100127

Malin zu Castell-Rüdenhausen

Global plastic production has recently experienced dramatic growth, which is expected to accelerate. To reduce the environmental impacts related to plastic production and consumption, European policies call for increased plastic recycling. Polystyrene is a main commodity plastic with good recyclability; however, today, recycling levels for polystyrene are lower than those for other commodity plastics. To promote plastic circularity and increase polystyrene recycling, this study investigates feedstock availability for polystyrene recycling, using Finland as a case study. Key waste streams containing polystyrene are explored: municipal solid waste, plastic packaging waste, construction and demolition waste, as well as waste from electrical and electronic equipment. A spreadsheet-based material flow model was developed to estimate the extraction of polystyrene from waste streams in different scenario simulations. Data entered into the model was collected via literature review supported by expert interviews. This model can be applied to other regions by tailoring the input data. The results show significant potential for polystyrene recycling by implementing collection schemes for polystyrene at construction sites and by extracting polystyrene from separately collected plastic packaging waste and waste electronics, as well as by introducing industrial post-sorting of residual municipal solid waste. The findings indicate the potential of more than 10 thousand tonnes of polystyrene as feedstock for recycling, of which up to 5.2 thousand tonnes originate from the construction sector, 2.6 thousand tonnes from separately collected plastic packaging waste, 1.8 thousand tonnes from waste from electrical and electronic equipment, and 3.2 thousand tonnes from residual municipal solid waste. It can be concluded that there is significant potential for polystyrene recycling in Finland, which is partly driven by European recycling targets. However, a major obstacle for plastic recycling is related to the lack of data related to plastic waste flows.

全球塑料生产最近经历了急剧增长，预计将加速增长。为了减少与塑料生产和消费相关的环境影响，欧洲的政策呼吁增加塑料回收。聚苯乙烯是一种主要的商品塑料，具有良好的可回收性；然而，今天，聚苯乙烯的回收水平低于其他商品塑料。为了促进塑料循环和增加聚苯乙烯的回收，本研究以芬兰为例，调查了聚苯乙烯回收的原料可用性。探讨了含有聚苯乙烯的主要废物流：城市固体废物，塑料包装废物，建筑和拆除废物，以及来自电气和电子设备的废物。建立了一个基于电子表格的物料流模型，用于在不同情景模拟中估计从废物流中提取聚苯乙烯的情况。输入模型的数据是通过文献综述和专家访谈收集的。通过定制输入数据，可以将该模型应用于其他地区。研究结果表明，通过在建筑工地实施聚苯乙烯收集计划，从单独收集的塑料包装废物和废弃电子产品中提取聚苯乙烯，以及对剩余的城市固体废物进行工业后分类，聚苯乙烯的回收潜力巨大。研究结果表明，有超过1万吨聚苯乙烯作为回收原料的潜力，其中高达52000吨来自建筑行业，2600吨来自单独收集的塑料包装废物，1800吨来自电气和电子设备废物，3200吨来自剩余的城市固体废物。可以得出结论，芬兰的聚苯乙烯回收潜力巨大，这在一定程度上是由欧洲回收目标推动的。然而，塑料回收的一个主要障碍与缺乏与塑料废物流动有关的数据有关。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking the potential of rice straw: Sustainable utilization strategies for Bangladesh 释放稻草的潜力：孟加拉国的可持续利用战略

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2025.100126

Bidhan Nath , Md Moudud Ahmmed , Subrata Paul , Md Durrul Huda , Mohammad Afzal Hossain , Sharmin Islam

Bangladesh annually produces vast amounts of rice straw. However, they have low utilization efficiency, with a significant portion being wasted, and are usually openly burned (cooking food/heating) by farmers, lost during collection, and discarded or directly burned in the field. Straw holds immense potential for conversion into valuable products beyond its raw form. In the 2021–2022 season alone, Bangladesh produced 52.25 million tons of rice straw, with an energy potential of 189.52 × 10⁹ MJ. This study provided tangible information on various aspects of rice straw, including its availability, distribution, energy potential, common uses, and causes and impact as waste. Moreover, it is a comparative analysis of traditional uses alongside recent innovation utilization of straw. Suggested management options incorporating multifaceted conversion strategies are explored to encourage alternative utilization, which requires policies and diverse initiatives with financial support. Innovative approaches, such as the conversion of straw to renewable energy, along with alternative application strategies, are highlighted as promising technologies that can enhance flexibility and efficiency in utilization. Moreover, a comparative analysis has been carried out on traditional straw uses alongside recent innovations in its utilization, such as biogas production, biofuel generation, biochar creation, and composting, alongside value-added applications such as papermaking and industrial materials. A strategic approach to overcoming challenges and leveraging opportunities in rice straw utilization through technological advancements is proposed, aiming for sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. The current study emphasizes the importance of further research, particularly in the exploration of industrial and commercial applications of rice straw, to maximize its potential as a valuable agricultural residue.

孟加拉国每年生产大量的稻草。但利用效率较低，有相当一部分被浪费，通常被农民公开焚烧（烹饪食物/加热），在收集过程中丢失，丢弃或直接在田间焚烧。秸秆具有巨大的潜力，可以将其转化为有价值的产品。仅在2021-2022年，孟加拉国就生产了5225万吨稻草，能源潜力为189.52 × 109兆焦耳。这项研究提供了关于稻草的各个方面的具体信息，包括稻草的可得性、分布、能源潜力、常见用途以及作为废物的原因和影响。此外，它是传统用途的比较分析与最近的创新利用秸秆。探讨了建议的管理办法，其中包括多方面的转换战略，以鼓励替代利用，这需要政策和有财政支助的各种倡议。将秸秆转化为可再生能源等创新方法以及其他应用战略被强调为有希望的技术，可以提高利用的灵活性和效率。此外，还对传统秸秆用途与最近的秸秆利用创新（如沼气生产、生物燃料生产、生物炭制造和堆肥）以及造纸和工业材料等增值应用进行了比较分析。提出了一种通过技术进步来克服挑战和利用机遇的战略方法，旨在实现可持续和环境友好的做法。目前的研究强调了进一步研究的重要性，特别是在探索水稻秸秆的工业和商业应用方面，以最大限度地发挥其作为有价值的农业残留物的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid kinetic analysis of FR-2 and FR-4 type printed circuit boards: A thermogravimetric analysis FR-2和FR-4型印刷电路板的混合动力学分析：热重分析

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2024.100125

Anuj Thukral , Adhithiya Venkatachalapati Thulasiraman , Arun K. Vuppaladadiyam , Savan Kumar Patel , Manoj Kumar Jena , Kalpit Shah , Neha Gupta , Rahul Saha , Anuushka Pal , Parveen Saini

This study investigated the non-isothermal (5, 10, and 20 °C/min) pyrolysis of non-metallic fractions (NMFs) of the FR-2 (phenolic resin reinforced with laminated paper) and FR-4 (epoxy resin reinforced with glass fiber) type waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), under an inert atmosphere of flowing nitrogen gas. Three iso-conversional kinetic models (Friedman, Flyn-Wall–Ozawa (FWO), and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) approaches) were employed to understand the kinetics of the pyrolysis process. Thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analysis revealed that FR-4 NMFs displayed a shift in mass loss above 287 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min and reached 95% conversion at 515 °C. In the case of the FR-2 NMFs, two distinct devolatilization zones were observed between 250–330 °C and 330–530 °C. The kinetic investigation revealed mean activation energy values of 264.38 kJ/mol for FR-2 and 221.99 kJ/mol for FR-4. The pyrolysis reaction mechanism for FR-2 NMFs displayed a decreasing trend for conversion (α), which was indicative of the simplified third-order model (F3) until α = 0.5 and shifted to second-order diffusion (D2) in the later part of the conversion. For FR-4 NMFs, the reaction function f(α) is between random nucleation with three nuclei on the individual particle (F3) and random nucleation with one nucleus on the individual particle (F1) over the selected range of conversion. For the FR-2 and FR-4 NMFs, the average ΔH values were 259.30 and 217.00 kJ/mol, and ΔG values were 161.03 and 176.92 kJ/mol, respectively.

研究了FR-2（层压纸增强酚醛树脂）和FR-4（玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂）废印刷电路板（wpcb）非金属组分在流动氮气惰性气氛下的非等温（5、10和20℃/min）热解。采用三种等转换动力学模型（Friedman、flynn - wall - ozawa （FWO）和Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)）来理解热解过程的动力学。热重-差热重（TG-DTG）分析表明，FR-4 NMFs在升温速率为10°C/min时，在287°C以上的质量损失发生了变化，在515°C时转化率达到95%。在FR-2 NMFs的情况下，在250-330°C和330-530°C之间观察到两个不同的脱挥发区。动力学研究表明FR-2的平均活化能为264.38 kJ/mol， FR-4的平均活化能为221.99 kJ/mol。FR-2 NMFs的热解反应机制表现为转化率（α）呈下降趋势，在α = 0.5之前为简化的三阶模型（F3），在转化率后期转为二阶扩散（D2）。对于FR-4 NMFs，反应函数f（α）在选择的转化范围内介于单个粒子上随机成核（F3）和单个粒子上随机成核（F1）之间。FR-2和FR-4 NMFs的平均ΔH分别为259.30和217.00 kJ/mol， ΔG分别为161.03和176.92 kJ/mol。

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引用次数: 0

Microalgae as potential agents for biochar production: Future of industrial wastewater treatment 微藻作为生物炭生产的潜在媒介：工业废水处理的未来

Circular Economy

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cec.2024.100117

Sayantani Ghosh , Sulagna Das , Avirup Panja , Alexei Solovchenko , Priyanka Jha

Diverse industries like breweries, textiles, paper & pulp, mining, chemical & nuclear, and food processing generate huge amounts of wastewater which can be toxic. This wastewater, rich in both organic compounds and inorganic salts, suspended solids, heavy metal ions and other pollutants should be properly treated before discharging into the environment. Recent studies demonstrated the efficiency of microalgae-based treatment. Microalgae are efficient in this regard since they produce photogenerated oxygen oxidizing the pollutants and toxin degrading enzymes, readily consume organics, and uptake/adsorb other pollutants. The current bottlenecks for microalgal bioremediation are high costs and low energy efficiency. The resulting biomass can be utilized for producing various forms of bioenergy via assorted traditional as well as modern techniques such as hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and torrefaction. One of the valuable outputs of these processes is biochar which is rich in nutrients and is capable of ion exchange. Therefore, it finds potential application in agriculture e.g., for revamping soil fertility and in wastewater treatment as adsorbent removing organic and inorganic pollutants. Here, we review novel processes designed for microalgae-based wastewater treatment with an emphasis on biochar production and utilization. Special attention is paid to the characterization of the physicochemical properties of biochar to maximize its targeted applications.

酿酒、纺织、造纸和纸浆、采矿、化学和核能以及食品加工等各种行业都会产生大量有毒废水。这些废水富含有机化合物、无机盐、悬浮固体、重金属离子和其他污染物，在排放到环境中之前应进行适当处理。最近的研究表明，基于微藻的处理方法非常有效。微藻在这方面非常有效，因为它们能产生氧化污染物的光生氧和降解毒素的酶，容易消耗有机物，并吸收/吸附其他污染物。目前，微藻生物修复的瓶颈在于成本高和能效低。由此产生的生物质可通过各种传统和现代技术用于生产各种形式的生物能源，如水热碳化、热解和高温分解。生物炭是这些工艺的宝贵产物之一，它富含营养物质，并能进行离子交换。因此，生物炭有可能应用于农业领域，如改善土壤肥力，以及在废水处理中作为吸附剂去除有机和无机污染物。在此，我们回顾了为基于微藻的废水处理而设计的新工艺，重点是生物炭的生产和利用。我们特别关注生物炭的物理化学特性，以最大限度地实现其目标应用。

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