Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100145
Mbuyu Ntunka , Brian Loveday
The demand for manganese dioxide is growing fast. A low-cost, green hydrometallurgical process is needed to make it from high- and low-grade manganese ores and secondary manganese resources. The use of high-grade manganese ores (<40%) for conventional pyrometallurgical processes or pyro-pretreatment (roasting) is becoming increasingly unsustainable because of the high carbon footprint and operational costs. Various hydrometallurgical processes have been studied and developed in recent years to recover manganese from other manganese sources (Zhang and Cheng, 2007). This paper proposes a new, energy-efficient method to produce electrolytic manganese dioxide. It eliminates the calcination step and dramatically cuts the use of scrap iron for purification. The proposed process leverages an innovative electrolytic cell design that regenerates iron (II) ions instead of generating hydrogen on the cathodes, enabling their reuse in the leaching stage. Hence, reducing the operating voltage for the electrolysis reduces power consumption. The process allows for the reduction of capital and operating costs, the optimization of resource use, and the reduction of environmental impact.
对二氧化锰的需求正在快速增长。从高、低品位锰矿石和二次锰资源中制备高锰矿石，需要一种低成本、绿色的湿法冶金工艺。由于高碳足迹和运营成本，使用高品位锰矿石（40%）进行传统的火法冶金工艺或火法预处理（焙烧）正变得越来越不可持续。近年来，研究和开发了各种湿法冶金工艺，以从其他锰源中回收锰（Zhang and Cheng, 2007）。本文提出了一种新的、节能的电解二氧化锰生产方法。它消除了煅烧步骤，并大大减少了废铁净化的使用。该工艺利用了一种创新的电解电池设计，可以再生铁（II）离子，而不是在阴极上产生氢，从而使其在浸出阶段能够重复使用。因此，降低电解的工作电压可以降低功耗。该过程可以降低资本和运营成本，优化资源利用，减少对环境的影响。
{"title":"Sustainable production of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD): A conceptual flowsheet","authors":"Mbuyu Ntunka , Brian Loveday","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for manganese dioxide is growing fast. A low-cost, green hydrometallurgical process is needed to make it from high- and low-grade manganese ores and secondary manganese resources. The use of high-grade manganese ores (<40%) for conventional pyrometallurgical processes or pyro-pretreatment (roasting) is becoming increasingly unsustainable because of the high carbon footprint and operational costs. Various hydrometallurgical processes have been studied and developed in recent years to recover manganese from other manganese sources (Zhang and Cheng, 2007). This paper proposes a new, energy-efficient method to produce electrolytic manganese dioxide. It eliminates the calcination step and dramatically cuts the use of scrap iron for purification. The proposed process leverages an innovative electrolytic cell design that regenerates iron (II) ions instead of generating hydrogen on the cathodes, enabling their reuse in the leaching stage. Hence, reducing the operating voltage for the electrolysis reduces power consumption. The process allows for the reduction of capital and operating costs, the optimization of resource use, and the reduction of environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-10DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100181
Swaprabha P. Patel, Ashish M. Gujarathi, Sara Al Khamisi
Natural gas (NG) is a fossil energy source and a crucial petrochemical feedstock. Raw NG contains impurities that must be removed before it can be commercially used. Carbon capture (CC) is considered a crucial step in the NG treatment process. The removal of acid gases like hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from NG is of great importance. Optimization of the industrial CC process is carried out using environment, process, and energy-based objectives, five decision variables, and two constraints. Six different optimization algorithms are utilized for each of the objective functions, and their detailed convergence-specific comparison is carried out using the corresponding objective and the decision variable's values. In a gradient optimization study, the minimum energy value of 13.35 MMBtu/h is achieved by the Interior Point-Central difference algorithm. In a weight-based study, as weight increases from 0 to 0.4, the CO2 in sweet NG decreases and remains nearly constant at an average of 8038 ppm, and the hydrocarbon recovery first decreases and remains constant at the value of 92.4 %. In a lexicographic optimization study, the total energy optimum value increases with an increase in compromise percentage, with a maximum of 8.1 % with 10 % compromise, whereas the CO2 content in sweet NG objective values decreases by up to 7 %. This optimization study gives insight into the complex natural gas CC process using traditional optimization algorithms.
{"title":"Optimization of industrial carbon capture process using gradient, weight-based, and lexicographic approach","authors":"Swaprabha P. Patel, Ashish M. Gujarathi, Sara Al Khamisi","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas (NG) is a fossil energy source and a crucial petrochemical feedstock. Raw NG contains impurities that must be removed before it can be commercially used. Carbon capture (CC) is considered a crucial step in the NG treatment process. The removal of acid gases like hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) from NG is of great importance. Optimization of the industrial CC process is carried out using environment, process, and energy-based objectives, five decision variables, and two constraints. Six different optimization algorithms are utilized for each of the objective functions, and their detailed convergence-specific comparison is carried out using the corresponding objective and the decision variable's values. In a gradient optimization study, the minimum energy value of 13.35 MMBtu/h is achieved by the Interior Point-Central difference algorithm. In a weight-based study, as weight increases from 0 to 0.4, the CO<sub>2</sub> in sweet NG decreases and remains nearly constant at an average of 8038 ppm, and the hydrocarbon recovery first decreases and remains constant at the value of 92.4 %. In a lexicographic optimization study, the total energy optimum value increases with an increase in compromise percentage, with a maximum of 8.1 % with 10 % compromise, whereas the CO<sub>2</sub> content in sweet NG objective values decreases by up to 7 %. This optimization study gives insight into the complex natural gas CC process using traditional optimization algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100184
Yanni Xi , Zheng Peng , Zhuang Zhang , Zhu Su , Yicai Huang , Xin Li , Xingzhong Yuan
This study examines the effects of biogenic sulfidation and chemical sulfidation on the reactivity of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) for the removal of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Biogenic sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (BS-nZVI) was synthesised by culturing nZVI with sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), while chemically synthesised sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (CS-nZVI) was produced using a Na2S solution. Characterisation results indicated that both BS-nZVI and CS-nZVI were coated with FeSx, with BS-nZVI additionally covered by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by the SRB. Both BS-nZVI and CS-nZVI exhibited significantly higher Cr(VI) removal efficiencies compared to nZVI, with values of 18.91 mg/g and 18.80 mg/g, respectively, versus 0.095 mg/g for nZVI. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced electron transfer properties of FeSx. In cyclic “sulfidation-Cr(VI) removal” experiments, biogenic sulfidation was found to be more effective than chemical sulfidation in enhancing and reactivating the Cr(VI) removal capacity of nZVI. The EPS associated with S-nZVI provided additional binding sites for co-precipitation of Cr(III)-Fe(III) during Cr(VI) removal, resulting in the formation of a loosely structured Cr(III)-Fe(III)-EPS co-precipitate. This co-precipitate mitigated the hindering caused by dense Cr(III)-Fe(III) passivation layers on electron transfer during Cr(VI) removal and cyclic sulfidation, in contrast to CS-nZVI. This study elucidates the synergistic effects of the coupled SRB-ZVI system for Cr(VI) remediation.
{"title":"Enhanced Cr(VI) removal by nanoscale zerovalent iron through biogenic sulfidation:Comparison against corresponding chemical sulfidation","authors":"Yanni Xi , Zheng Peng , Zhuang Zhang , Zhu Su , Yicai Huang , Xin Li , Xingzhong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effects of biogenic sulfidation and chemical sulfidation on the reactivity of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) for the removal of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Biogenic sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (BS-nZVI) was synthesised by culturing nZVI with sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), while chemically synthesised sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (CS-nZVI) was produced using a Na<sub>2</sub>S solution. Characterisation results indicated that both BS-nZVI and CS-nZVI were coated with FeS<sub>x</sub>, with BS-nZVI additionally covered by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by the SRB. Both BS-nZVI and CS-nZVI exhibited significantly higher Cr(VI) removal efficiencies compared to nZVI, with values of 18.91 mg/g and 18.80 mg/g, respectively, versus 0.095 mg/g for nZVI. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced electron transfer properties of FeS<sub>x</sub>. In cyclic “sulfidation-Cr(VI) removal” experiments, biogenic sulfidation was found to be more effective than chemical sulfidation in enhancing and reactivating the Cr(VI) removal capacity of nZVI. The EPS associated with S-nZVI provided additional binding sites for co-precipitation of Cr(III)-Fe(III) during Cr(VI) removal, resulting in the formation of a loosely structured Cr(III)-Fe(III)-EPS co-precipitate. This co-precipitate mitigated the hindering caused by dense Cr(III)-Fe(III) passivation layers on electron transfer during Cr(VI) removal and cyclic sulfidation, in contrast to CS-nZVI. This study elucidates the synergistic effects of the coupled SRB-ZVI system for Cr(VI) remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100139
Dr. Alberto Boretti
This narrative review explores recent advancements in turquoise hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis in molten metals, a promising approach for low-carbon hydrogen generation that addresses the environmental challenges of traditional steam methane reforming (SMR). This technology uses molten metals to decompose methane into hydrogen and solid carbon, offering a pathway with a favorable life cycle assessment (LCA) compared to SMR. By integrating renewable energy sources, utilizing biomethane, and managing solid carbon byproducts, molten metals methane pyrolysis has the potential to meet stringent environmental goals. However, the technology remains in an early stage, with considerable challenges related to scalability, material durability at high temperatures, and efficient heat management. Industrial viability depends on advancements in reactor design, corrosion-resistant materials, and monitoring systems. While molten metal methane pyrolysis shows environmental promise, it is too early to determine its suitability as the preferred technology for large-scale turquoise hydrogen production. Ongoing research in reactor optimization, carbon byproduct handling, and renewable integration will be critical to fully realizing the potential of this technology, especially for deployment in natural gas-rich regions.
{"title":"Advances in sustainable turquoise hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis in molten metals","authors":"Dr. Alberto Boretti","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This narrative review explores recent advancements in turquoise hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis in molten metals, a promising approach for low-carbon hydrogen generation that addresses the environmental challenges of traditional steam methane reforming (SMR). This technology uses molten metals to decompose methane into hydrogen and solid carbon, offering a pathway with a favorable life cycle assessment (LCA) compared to SMR. By integrating renewable energy sources, utilizing biomethane, and managing solid carbon byproducts, molten metals methane pyrolysis has the potential to meet stringent environmental goals. However, the technology remains in an early stage, with considerable challenges related to scalability, material durability at high temperatures, and efficient heat management. Industrial viability depends on advancements in reactor design, corrosion-resistant materials, and monitoring systems. While molten metal methane pyrolysis shows environmental promise, it is too early to determine its suitability as the preferred technology for large-scale turquoise hydrogen production. Ongoing research in reactor optimization, carbon byproduct handling, and renewable integration will be critical to fully realizing the potential of this technology, especially for deployment in natural gas-rich regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulp production is a very essential industrial process. This study employed response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design of experiment (CCD) to determine the best process conditions for kraft pulp production from plantain stems. The pulp pseudo-stem was physically pretreated by shredding, drying, grinding, and sieving. Kraft pulping was conducted using the CCD of the experiment and the process was optimized using RSM. The independent variables include the mass ratio of Sodium Hydroxide to Sodium Sulphide, temperature, and time, while the response is the pulp yield. The analysis of variance showed that the temperature, time, and ratio of NaOH to Na2S were significant. The obtained coefficient of determination (R²) value is 0.9125, which indicates a strong correlation is consistent with the adjusted (R²) value of 0.964. Optimum temperature, time, and NaOH: Na2S ratio values obtained at optimum were 110.50 C, 146.88 min, and 3.372. The yield of pulp obtained at this optimum process variable is 55.064 wt%. The mechanistic and thermodynamics results showed that at a higher model fit R2 value of 0.9977, rate constant of 6.3 × 10–3min-1, and lower activation energy value of 29.523 KJ/kg confirmed that the pseudo-first-order best described the kinetics of the pulp production process compared to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with activation energy value of 40.997 KJ/kg at R2 =0.9834. From this study, optimization of the process helps to maximize the Pulp yield while minimizing the resource consumption which in turn will also help to reduce the cost of production.
{"title":"Optimization, Kinetics and thermodynamic modeling of pulp production from plantain stem using the kraft process","authors":"Effi Evelyn, Akindele Oyetunde Okewale, Chiedu Ngozi Owabor","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulp production is a very essential industrial process. This study employed response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design of experiment (CCD) to determine the best process conditions for kraft pulp production from plantain stems. The pulp pseudo-stem was physically pretreated by shredding, drying, grinding, and sieving. Kraft pulping was conducted using the CCD of the experiment and the process was optimized using RSM. The independent variables include the mass ratio of Sodium Hydroxide to Sodium Sulphide, temperature, and time, while the response is the pulp yield. The analysis of variance showed that the temperature, time, and ratio of NaOH to Na2S were significant. The obtained coefficient of determination (R²) value is 0.9125, which indicates a strong correlation is consistent with the adjusted (R²) value of 0.964. Optimum temperature, time, and NaOH: Na2S ratio values obtained at optimum were 110.50 C, 146.88 min, and 3.372. The yield of pulp obtained at this optimum process variable is 55.064 wt%. The mechanistic and thermodynamics results showed that at a higher model fit R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.9977, rate constant of 6.3 × 10<sup>–3</sup>min<sup>-1</sup>, and lower activation energy value of 29.523 KJ/kg confirmed that the pseudo-first-order best described the kinetics of the pulp production process compared to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with activation energy value of 40.997 KJ/kg at R<sup>2</sup> =0.9834. From this study, optimization of the process helps to maximize the Pulp yield while minimizing the resource consumption which in turn will also help to reduce the cost of production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100175
Maikow Zago , Fernando H. Borba , Liziara Cabrera , Daiana Seibert , Nicoli Justen , Jonas J. Inticher , Camila F. Zorzo
Formaldehyde (CH2O) is an important preservative of anatomic pieces in laboratories; Solutions with high concentrations of CH2O are used to avoid the deterioration of anatomic pieces. Besides the high concentration of CH2O, organic content may leachate from the material stored in the tanks, increasing the complexity of the wastewater generated. The anatomy laboratory wastewater with high formaldehyde concentration (ALW-CFA) presents potential toxic effects to humans and the ecosystem in general, for this reason, proper treatment is demanded before its discharge. In the present work, the degradation of CH2O and reduction of toxicity levels of ALW-CFA samples were studied through the application of the process photo-electro-Fered-Fenton process (PEF-Fered). The suitable operational conditions of the process PEF-Fered such as initial solution pH, current intensity, and H2O2 initial concentration, were studied by the application of an RSM evaluating the reduction of concentrations of CH2O and TOC. Then, the increment of O3 to the PEF-Fered process was performed (PEF-Fered-O3), aiming to increase the oxidative potential of the system. However, it was observed that the use of many oxidative inputs at the same time (hybrid process) was not interesting for the ALW-CFA degradation, thus, the best treatment strategy which provided a lower toxicity level (LC50 %= 56.94) was the AO followed by H2O2 and O3, with a removal of 90 % of CH2O and 85 % of TOC, under the following operational conditions, solution pH 4.5; the current intensity of 2.4 and H2O2 concentration of 24,000 mg l-1. With the application of the advanced combined treatment, the pollution potential of this wastewater was reduced, evidencing the protection of human health and ecosystems in general.
{"title":"Clean environmental strategy applied to anatomy laboratory wastewater purification: a hybrid and integrated performance of a photo-electro-Fered-Fenton process","authors":"Maikow Zago , Fernando H. Borba , Liziara Cabrera , Daiana Seibert , Nicoli Justen , Jonas J. Inticher , Camila F. Zorzo","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O) is an important preservative of anatomic pieces in laboratories; Solutions with high concentrations of CH<sub>2</sub>O are used to avoid the deterioration of anatomic pieces. Besides the high concentration of CH<sub>2</sub>O, organic content may leachate from the material stored in the tanks, increasing the complexity of the wastewater generated. The anatomy laboratory wastewater with high formaldehyde concentration (ALW-CFA) presents potential toxic effects to humans and the ecosystem in general, for this reason, proper treatment is demanded before its discharge. In the present work, the degradation of CH<sub>2</sub>O and reduction of toxicity levels of ALW-CFA samples were studied through the application of the process photo-electro-Fered-Fenton process (PEF-Fered). The suitable operational conditions of the process PEF-Fered such as initial solution pH, current intensity, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> initial concentration, were studied by the application of an RSM evaluating the reduction of concentrations of CH<sub>2</sub>O and TOC. Then, the increment of O<sub>3</sub> to the PEF-Fered process was performed (PEF-Fered-O<sub>3</sub>), aiming to increase the oxidative potential of the system. However, it was observed that the use of many oxidative inputs at the same time (hybrid process) was not interesting for the ALW-CFA degradation, thus, the best treatment strategy which provided a lower toxicity level (LC<sub>50 %</sub>= 56.94) was the AO followed by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>, with a removal of 90 % of CH<sub>2</sub>O and 85 % of TOC, under the following operational conditions, solution pH 4.5; the current intensity of 2.4 and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration of 24,000 mg <span>l</span><sup>-1</sup>. With the application of the advanced combined treatment, the pollution potential of this wastewater was reduced, evidencing the protection of human health and ecosystems in general.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100155
Andrew K. Gillespie , Adam D. Smith , Sean Sweeny , Mark Sweeny , Zeke A. Piskulich , Ernest Knight , Matthew Prosniewski , Samantha M. Gillespie , David Stalla
Nanoporous activated carbon materials were prepared from biowaste (spent coffee grounds) as a renewable and practical system for enhanced hydrogen storage at room temperature. Chemical charring and activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) were performed to expand the pore network, increase the specific surface area, and improve the volumetric storage capacity. These materials were characterized using helium pycnometry, nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The activation procedure resulted in a bimodal pore size distribution and a large fraction of nanopores of 7 Å pore widths that are optimal for hydrogen storage. Specific surface areas of 2595 m2/g were achieved with a crystalline volumetric storage capacity of 9.84 g/L at room temperature and 100 bar. This corresponds to an energy density around 1.18 MJ/L, which is a 28% improvement over compressed gas alone. This biowaste-derived material has the same volumetric storage capacity as the commercially available, petroleum-derived adsorbent, Maxsorb (MSC-30) produced by Kansai Coke. This demonstrates that reversible, physical adsorption of hydrogen on materials produced from biowaste may be used as a more ecologically friendly improvement for renewable energy storage. A similar performance can be achieved by engineering a range of biowaste-based adsorbent materials that involve cleaner precursors compared to the petroleum-based adsorbent materials currently offered on the market.
{"title":"Biowaste-derived activated carbon from spent coffee grounds for volumetric hydrogen storage","authors":"Andrew K. Gillespie , Adam D. Smith , Sean Sweeny , Mark Sweeny , Zeke A. Piskulich , Ernest Knight , Matthew Prosniewski , Samantha M. Gillespie , David Stalla","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoporous activated carbon materials were prepared from biowaste (spent coffee grounds) as a renewable and practical system for enhanced hydrogen storage at room temperature. Chemical charring and activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) were performed to expand the pore network, increase the specific surface area, and improve the volumetric storage capacity. These materials were characterized using helium pycnometry, nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The activation procedure resulted in a bimodal pore size distribution and a large fraction of nanopores of 7 Å pore widths that are optimal for hydrogen storage. Specific surface areas of 2595 m<sup>2</sup>/g were achieved with a crystalline volumetric storage capacity of 9.84 g/L at room temperature and 100 bar. This corresponds to an energy density around 1.18 MJ/L, which is a 28% improvement over compressed gas alone. This biowaste-derived material has the same volumetric storage capacity as the commercially available, petroleum-derived adsorbent, Maxsorb (MSC-30) produced by Kansai Coke. This demonstrates that reversible, physical adsorption of hydrogen on materials produced from biowaste may be used as a more ecologically friendly improvement for renewable energy storage. A similar performance can be achieved by engineering a range of biowaste-based adsorbent materials that involve cleaner precursors compared to the petroleum-based adsorbent materials currently offered on the market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100202
Molla Rahman Shaibur , Abu Sayed Al Helal , Sabiha Sarwar , Md. Ashik Miah , Abu Bakar Siddique , Masum Howlader , Sharif Shahara Nova , Kulsuma Akter Priyanka
This study presents a novel and sustainable approach for removing iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and arsenic (As) from groundwater using biochar adsorbents derived from banana (Musa ornata) peel (BP) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel (PP). Unlike conventional chemical or synthetic adsorbents, these agro-waste-derived materials provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative. The structural characterization of the developed biochars revealed porous surfaces with irregular cavities and well-developed microstructures as observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of key functional groups (–OH, –COOH, and C=C) involved in metal binding. Groundwater analysis from Jaghati village, Jashore, Bangladesh, revealed elevated concentrations of Fe (4.14 mg L ¹), Mn (2.26 mg L⁻¹), and As (0.014 mg L⁻¹). Adsorption experiments demonstrated that BP charcoal achieved 96.31 % at 180 minutes with a 350 mg L-1 dose in pH 7.0, while PP charcoal achieved a maximum Fe removal efficiency of 98.97 % at 60 minutes with a 350 mg L-1 dose in pH 7.0. For Mn, BP charcoal showed a maximum removal of 83.12 % at pH 7.0 with a 250 mg L⁻¹ dose after 180 minutes. However, both adsorbents showed limited capacity for As removal, with maximum efficiencies of 11.67 % (BP charcoal) and 12.94 % (PP charcoal). The study highlights the promising potential of BP and PP charcoals for effectively removing Fe and Mn from groundwater, contributing to the development of low-cost, biodegradable treatment options for rural and resource-limited settings.
本研究提出了一种新的、可持续的方法，利用从香蕉（Musa ornata）皮（BP）和菠萝（Ananas comosus）皮（PP）中提取的生物炭吸附剂去除地下水中的铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）和砷（As）。与传统的化学或合成吸附剂不同，这些农业废物衍生材料提供了一种具有成本效益和环境友好的替代品。通过扫描电镜（SEM）对制备的生物炭进行了结构表征，发现其表面多孔，空腔不规则，微观结构发育良好，傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）证实其存在参与金属结合的关键官能团（-OH， -COOH和C=C）。孟加拉国j岸上Jaghati村的地下水分析显示，铁（4.14 mg L -¹）、锰（2.26 mg L -¹）和砷（0.014 mg L -¹）的浓度升高。吸附实验表明，在pH 7.0条件下，BP炭在350 mg L-1的剂量下，180分钟的铁去除率为96.31%；PP炭在pH 7.0条件下，在350 mg L-1的剂量下，60分钟的铁去除率最高为98.97%。对于Mn， BP木炭在pH 7.0时，用250 mg L - 1剂量，180分钟后，最大去除率为83.12%。然而，两种吸附剂对砷的去除能力有限，BP炭和PP炭的最高效率分别为11.67%和12.94%。该研究强调了BP和PP木炭在有效去除地下水中的铁和锰方面的巨大潜力，有助于在农村和资源有限的环境中开发低成本、可生物降解的处理方案。
{"title":"Removal of iron, manganese, and arsenic from groundwater by using banana and pineapple peel charcoal: evidence from sophisticated techniques","authors":"Molla Rahman Shaibur , Abu Sayed Al Helal , Sabiha Sarwar , Md. Ashik Miah , Abu Bakar Siddique , Masum Howlader , Sharif Shahara Nova , Kulsuma Akter Priyanka","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel and sustainable approach for removing iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and arsenic (As) from groundwater using biochar adsorbents derived from banana (<em>Musa ornata</em>) peel (BP) and pineapple (<em>Ananas comosus</em>) peel (PP). Unlike conventional chemical or synthetic adsorbents, these agro-waste-derived materials provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative. The structural characterization of the developed biochars revealed porous surfaces with irregular cavities and well-developed microstructures as observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of key functional groups (–OH, –COOH, and C=C) involved in metal binding. Groundwater analysis from Jaghati village, Jashore, Bangladesh, revealed elevated concentrations of Fe (4.14 mg L ¹), Mn (2.26 mg L⁻¹), and As (0.014 mg L⁻¹). Adsorption experiments demonstrated that BP charcoal achieved 96.31 % at 180 minutes with a 350 mg L<sup>-1</sup> dose in pH 7.0, while PP charcoal achieved a maximum Fe removal efficiency of 98.97 % at 60 minutes with a 350 mg L<sup>-1</sup> dose in pH 7.0. For Mn, BP charcoal showed a maximum removal of 83.12 % at pH 7.0 with a 250 mg L⁻¹ dose after 180 minutes. However, both adsorbents showed limited capacity for As removal, with maximum efficiencies of 11.67 % (BP charcoal) and 12.94 % (PP charcoal). The study highlights the promising potential of BP and PP charcoals for effectively removing Fe and Mn from groundwater, contributing to the development of low-cost, biodegradable treatment options for rural and resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Textile dyes are becoming major environmental pollutants worldwide. Generally, they are discharged from textile industries into aquatic systems, which serve as primary sources for entire ecosystems, ultimately affecting human health. Thus, it is crucial to know the potential adverse consequences of textile dye exposure on phytoplankton, fauna, terrestrial entities and humans in the environment. This study provides an assessment of the appropriate publications, from which it can be demonstrated that textile waste can affect the life cycle of living organisms by disrupting growth and reproduction. In particular, various aquatic bodies become targets of textile wastewater. The impact of these dyes and its intermediates on the development of diatoms and their behavior, and the oxidative approach. Humans consume textile dyes through their food web and the intake of contaminated water. The consumed dye is bio-converted into reactive intermediates and aromatic amines by enzymes of the cytochrome family in the human body. In sub-cellular moiety, textile dyes and their bio-converted products form DNA and protein adducts. These compounds act as catalysts to form free radicals and oncogene activation, and affect apoptotic cascades to produce lesions in multiple organs. Dyes and their bio-transformed products, have been shown to modulate epigenetic factors including DNA methylation, histone modifications, epigenetic enzymes leading to carcinogens. Various remediation processes including physical, physico-chemical, biological and some integrated systems are currently under investigation. However, further research is required to develop efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly techniques while identifying future directions to boost textile effluent treatment efficiency and address remaining challenges.
{"title":"A critical review on textile dye-containing wastewater: Ecotoxicity, health risks, and remediation strategies for environmental safety","authors":"Md. Mynul Islam , Allah Rakha Aidid , Jamshed Nawaj Mohshin , Himel Mondal , Sumon Ganguli , Ashok Kumar Chakraborty","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textile dyes are becoming major environmental pollutants worldwide. Generally, they are discharged from textile industries into aquatic systems, which serve as primary sources for entire ecosystems, ultimately affecting human health. Thus, it is crucial to know the potential adverse consequences of textile dye exposure on phytoplankton, fauna, terrestrial entities and humans in the environment. This study provides an assessment of the appropriate publications, from which it can be demonstrated that textile waste can affect the life cycle of living organisms by disrupting growth and reproduction. In particular, various aquatic bodies become targets of textile wastewater. The impact of these dyes and its intermediates on the development of diatoms and their behavior, and the oxidative approach. Humans consume textile dyes through their food web and the intake of contaminated water. The consumed dye is bio-converted into reactive intermediates and aromatic amines by enzymes of the cytochrome family in the human body. In sub-cellular moiety, textile dyes and their bio-converted products form DNA and protein adducts. These compounds act as catalysts to form free radicals and oncogene activation, and affect apoptotic cascades to produce lesions in multiple organs. Dyes and their bio-transformed products, have been shown to modulate epigenetic factors including DNA methylation, histone modifications, epigenetic enzymes leading to carcinogens. Various remediation processes including physical, physico-chemical, biological and some integrated systems are currently under investigation. However, further research is required to develop efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly techniques while identifying future directions to boost textile effluent treatment efficiency and address remaining challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100208
Banza Jean Claude, Linda L. Sibali, Vhahangwele Masindi
This leaching experiment optimises copper (II) leaching using sulfuric acid by integrating the shrinking core kinetic model with machine learning techniques, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and artificial neural networks (ANN), providing a hybrid computational framework that significantly enhances predictive accuracy and leaching efficiency compared to conventional empirical approaches. The factors in the leaching process, such as acid concentration, leaching time, temperature, soil-to-solution ratio, and stirring speed, were investigated for the removal of copper (II). Experimental and computational analyses revealed that leaching efficiency is governed by diffusion through insoluble sulfate/oxide layers, with agitation speed (reducing boundary layers) and acid concentration (enhancing H⁺ access) as key drivers. Under optimal conditions (pH 5.96, 0.88 M H₂SO₄, 274 rpm, 12.5 g/200 mL solid-liquid ratio), ANFIS predicted 99.8 % Cu(II) recovery, validated experimentally. Kinetic analysis confirmed product-layer diffusion control (R² > 0.99), supported by a low activation energy (17.96 kJ/mol) and rate suppression at high pH/solid ratios. The ANN (10 hidden layers, 4 inputs) outperformed ANFIS, achieving superior predictive accuracy (R² = 0.995 vs. 0.986) and lower error (RMSE: 0.061 vs. 0.129). Among the performance metrics, R² is the most critical, indicating that both models explain >98.6 % of variance in leaching behaviour well above the acceptable threshold (R² > 0.9) for reliable industrial prediction. The exceptionally low RMSE values (<0.13) further confirm minimal deviation between experimental and predicted results. This hybrid framework bridges mechanistic insight with AI-driven optimisation, offering a 15–20 % efficiency gain over conventional methods while diagnosing rate-limiting steps for scalable applications.
该浸出实验通过将收缩核动力学模型与机器学习技术、自适应神经模糊推理系统（ANFIS）和人工神经网络（ANN）相结合，优化了硫酸铜（II）浸出，提供了一个混合计算框架，与传统的经验方法相比，显著提高了预测精度和浸出效率。考察了浸出过程中酸浓度、浸出时间、温度、土液比、搅拌速度等因素对铜（II）的去除效果。实验和计算分析表明，H +的浸出效率受不溶性硫酸盐/氧化物层的扩散控制，搅拌速度（减少边界层）和酸浓度（增强H +的获取）是关键驱动因素。在最佳条件（pH 5.96, 0.88 M H₂SO₄，274 rpm， 12.5 g/200 mL料液比）下，ANFIS预测Cu（II）回收率为99.8%，实验验证。动力学分析证实产物层扩散控制（R²> 0.99），支持低活化能（17.96 kJ/mol）和高pH/固比下的速率抑制。人工神经网络（10个隐藏层，4个输入）优于ANFIS，实现了更高的预测精度（R²= 0.995 vs. 0.986）和更低的误差（RMSE: 0.061 vs. 0.129）。在性能指标中，R²是最关键的，这表明两个模型都能解释98.6%的浸出行为差异，远高于可靠的工业预测的可接受阈值（R²> 0.9）。异常低的RMSE值（<0.13）进一步证实了实验结果与预测结果之间的最小偏差。这种混合框架将机械洞察力与人工智能驱动的优化相结合，在为可扩展应用程序诊断限速步骤的同时，比传统方法提供15 - 20%的效率提升。
{"title":"Application of shrinking core and soft computing models (ANFIS and ANN) for the leaching of copper (II) from artificially contaminated soil","authors":"Banza Jean Claude, Linda L. Sibali, Vhahangwele Masindi","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This leaching experiment optimises copper (II) leaching using sulfuric acid by integrating the shrinking core kinetic model with machine learning techniques, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and artificial neural networks (ANN), providing a hybrid computational framework that significantly enhances predictive accuracy and leaching efficiency compared to conventional empirical approaches. The factors in the leaching process, such as acid concentration, leaching time, temperature, soil-to-solution ratio, and stirring speed, were investigated for the removal of copper (II). Experimental and computational analyses revealed that leaching efficiency is governed by diffusion through insoluble sulfate/oxide layers, with agitation speed (reducing boundary layers) and acid concentration (enhancing H⁺ access) as key drivers. Under optimal conditions (pH 5.96, 0.88 M H₂SO₄, 274 rpm, 12.5 g/200 mL solid-liquid ratio), ANFIS predicted 99.8 % Cu(II) recovery, validated experimentally. Kinetic analysis confirmed product-layer diffusion control (R² > 0.99), supported by a low activation energy (17.96 kJ/mol) and rate suppression at high pH/solid ratios. The ANN (10 hidden layers, 4 inputs) outperformed ANFIS, achieving superior predictive accuracy (R² = 0.995 vs. 0.986) and lower error (RMSE: 0.061 vs. 0.129). Among the performance metrics, R² is the most critical, indicating that both models explain >98.6 % of variance in leaching behaviour well above the acceptable threshold (R² > 0.9) for reliable industrial prediction. The exceptionally low RMSE values (<0.13) further confirm minimal deviation between experimental and predicted results. This hybrid framework bridges mechanistic insight with AI-driven optimisation, offering a 15–20 % efficiency gain over conventional methods while diagnosing rate-limiting steps for scalable applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号