Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献_第4页

Physicochemical insight of phosphonium-based ionic liquid with carbocyclic sugar-based inositol derivative 磷基离子液体与碳环糖基肌醇衍生物的物理化学性质

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100179

Bhupendra Singh Banjare , Manoj Kumar Banjare , Nitai Sarkar , Kamalakanta Behera , Dolly Baghel , Benvikram Barman , Swati Chandrawanshi , Roman Kumar Aneshwari , Indrapal Karbhal , Manmohan Lal Satnami , Kallol Kumar Ghosh

Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely utilized as solubilizers, transporters, and agents for enhancing the efficacy of various components. In this study, the phosphonium-based ionic liquid (PIL) trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate ([P666(14)][TMPP]) was investigated for its synergic interaction with synthesized carbocyclic sugar-based inositol derivative 4-O-Tosyl-6-O-benzyl-myo-inositol-1,3,5-orthoformate (referred to as the tosyl derivative). These interactions were explored using a range of techniques including FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), surface tension, conductivity, colorimetry, and viscometry at 299.0 ± 0.5 K temperature. Key parameters in physicochemical insight, such as the zeta potential, particle size distribution, critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and various thermodynamic parameters (Δ_G^°_ads, Δ_G^°_trans, ∆G^s_min, Δ_G^°_m, Δ_G^°_m,tail) and interfacial parameters (Г_max, A_min, π_CMC, pC₂₀, γ_CMC) were calculated. A significant reduction in CMC values of the PIL was observed with increasing concentrations (mM) of the tosyl derivative. The findings of the interfacial parameters indicated that when the concentration of tosyl derivative increased, the values of A_min, π_CMC, and pC₂₀ enhanced while the values of γ_CMC, Γ_max, and CPP undergo reduction. Further, conductometric and colorimetric studies give similar results for CMC value. The higher negative values of Δ_G^°_m and Δ_G^°_ads have been shown the micellization and adsorption properties became more spontaneous. The rheological characteristics of PIL, such as reducing, intrinsic, and relative viscosities, are more significantly impacted by higher concentrations of the tosyl derivative. The FTIR spectral response confirmed shifts in different stretching and bending modes indicating strong intermolecular interactions. DLS data further indicated that the polar nature of the tosyl derivative promotes the formation of significantly larger micelles in the PIL–tosyl derivative system (particularly at 2.0 mM) compared to the pure due to the tosyl derivative showing co-solvent character. These findings suggest potential applications for such synergistic systems in household products, pharmaceutical sciences, cosmetics, and drug delivery.

离子液体被广泛用作增溶剂、转运剂和增强各种组分效能的试剂。本研究研究了磷基离子液体（PIL）三己基十四烷基磷二（2,4,4-三甲基戊基）膦酸盐（[P666(14)][TMPP]）与合成的碳环糖基肌醇衍生物4- o- tosyl -6- o-苄基肌醇-1,3,5-原甲酸酯（简称tosyl衍生物）的协同作用。在299.0±0.5 K温度下，使用FTIR光谱、动态光散射（DLS）、表面张力、电导率、比色法和粘度等一系列技术对这些相互作用进行了研究。计算了zeta电位、粒径分布、临界胶束浓度（CMC）、各种热力学参数（ΔG°ads、ΔG°trans、∆Gsmin、ΔG°m、ΔG°m、tail）和界面参数（Гmax、Amin、πCMC、pC20、γCMC）等物理化学洞察中的关键参数。随着tosyl衍生物浓度（mM）的增加，观察到PIL的CMC值显著降低。界面参数的研究结果表明，随着toyl衍生物浓度的增加，Amin、πCMC和pC20的值增加，而γCMC、Γmax和CPP的值降低。此外，电导法和比色法的研究对CMC值给出了类似的结果。负的ΔG°m和ΔG°ads越高，胶束和吸附性能越自发。PIL的流变特性，如还原性、固有粘度和相对粘度，受到更高浓度的tosyl衍生物的更显著影响。FTIR光谱响应证实了不同拉伸和弯曲模式的位移，表明分子间相互作用很强。DLS数据进一步表明，由于tosyl衍生物具有共溶剂特性，因此与纯品相比，tosyl衍生物的极性性质促进了PIL-tosyl衍生物体系中形成更大的胶束（特别是在2.0 mM处）。这些发现表明这种协同系统在家用产品、制药科学、化妆品和药物输送方面的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Calcium oxide nanoparticles from eggshell waste: A green nanotechnological strategy for microwave-assisted environmental clean up 蛋壳废弃物中的氧化钙纳米颗粒：微波辅助环境清理的绿色纳米技术策略

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100182

Jannatun Zia , Amit Kumar Shringi , Ufana Riaz

This study presents a sustainable and innovative strategy for waste reutilization and environmental remediation through the green synthesis of calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles (NPs) derived from waste eggshells, predominantly composed of calcium carbonate. The CaO NPs were synthesized via a straight forward calcination process and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). XRD confirmed high crystallinity with an average crystallite size of 32 nm, while TEM revealed cubic nanoparticles in the range of 30–50 nm. TGA analysis demonstrated notable thermal stability up to 800 °C.The catalytic performance of the synthesized CaO NPs was evaluated via microwave-assisted degradation of Malachite Green (MG), a model organic pollutant. Under microwave irradiation, CaO NPs achieved 86 % degradation within 30 min, significantly outperforming raw eggshells (72 %). The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Optimization studies revealed enhanced degradation efficiency (up to 93.40 %) at 900 W microwave powers and 94.59 % efficiency with a catalyst dose of 250 mg/L. However, increasing MG concentration from 20 to 50 mg/L resulted in a decline in degradation efficiency from 86 % to 60.2 %. Recyclability assessments showed 77 % degradation efficiency after four consecutive cycles, indicating the catalyst’s stability and reusability. Scavenger experiments identified the involvement of reactive species, including hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide anions (•O₂⁻), and photo-generated holes (h⁺), in the degradation mechanism. Furthermore, LC-MS analysis proposed a plausible degradation pathway based on intermediate m/z values. Compared to conventional thermal or chemical degradation methods, the microwave-assisted catalytic process using CaO NPs demonstrated superior efficiency, rapid reaction kinetics, and reduced energy consumption. This work highlights the potential of converting bio-waste into high-value nanomaterials for scalable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective wastewater treatment applications.

本研究提出了一种可持续和创新的废物再利用和环境修复策略，即通过从废蛋壳中提取主要由碳酸钙组成的氧化钙纳米颗粒（NPs）的绿色合成。通过直接煅烧工艺合成了CaO NPs，并使用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDX）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）和uv -可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）对其进行了表征。XRD证实了高结晶度，平均晶粒尺寸为32 nm，而TEM显示了30-50 nm范围内的立方纳米颗粒。TGA分析表明，高达800°C的热稳定性显著。通过微波辅助降解孔雀石绿（Malachite Green， MG）这一典型有机污染物，考察了合成的CaO NPs的催化性能。在微波照射下，CaO NPs在30分钟内降解率达到86%，明显优于生蛋壳（72%）。降解遵循准一级动力学。优化研究表明，当微波功率为900 W时，降解效率可达93.40%，催化剂剂量为250 mg/L时，降解效率可达94.59%。当MG浓度从20 MG /L增加到50 MG /L时，降解率从86%下降到60.2%。可回收性评估表明，连续4次循环后，催化剂的降解效率为77%，表明催化剂的稳定性和可重复使用性。清道夫实验确定了活性物质，包括羟基自由基（•OH）、超氧阴离子（•O₂⁻）和光生空穴（h⁺）在降解机制中的作用。此外，LC-MS分析提出了基于中间m/z值的合理降解途径。与传统的热降解或化学降解方法相比，使用CaO NPs的微波辅助催化工艺表现出更高的效率、快速的反应动力学和更低的能耗。这项工作强调了将生物废物转化为高价值纳米材料的潜力，可用于可扩展、环保和经济有效的废水处理应用。

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引用次数: 0

Uncertainty impact of isotherm models on liquid-phase adsorption thermodynamics: A bayesian inference perspective 等温线模型对液相吸附热力学的不确定性影响：贝叶斯推理的视角

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100146

Thiago Reschützegger, Nina Paula Gonçalves Salau

Liquid-phase adsorption, a fundamental process where molecules in a liquid medium adhere to a solid surface, plays a crucial role in various chemical engineering applications such as wastewater decontamination and solvent recovery. These phenomena can be described by equilibrium models, which offer insight into adsorption capacity and thermodynamic properties, such as enthalpy and entropy variations, yet parameter uncertainty often undermines their accuracy. This study applies a Bayesian approach to assess uncertainties within adsorption models quantitatively and qualitatively. Through Bayesian analysis, substantial parameter variability was identified in the Sips model, with posterior distributions for thermodynamic parameters revealing broad uncertainty regions and a high likelihood of exothermic enthalpy values (i.e.

P (Δ H^{\circ} < 0) > 0.5

), which often deviate from established thermodynamic expectations across different systems. Despite achieving good fit statistics (e.g., R² ≈ 0.99), this flexibility in the Sips model does not consistently translate into reliable thermodynamic interpretations. In contrast, the Langmuir model yields more stable estimates, offering narrower and thermodynamically consistent probability distributions for equilibrium constants (e.g., ΔH° > 0 and ΔS° > 0) and Gibbs free energy changes across temperature variations, albeit with slightly lower fit statistics (e.g., R² ≈ 0.97). These findings highlight the need for uncertainty analysis in model selection and advise caution in attributing physical significance to isotherm-derived parameters. This study advocates for a balanced approach to model choice, incorporating uncertainty quantification to enhance the reliability of adsorption predictions in both research and industrial applications.

液相吸附是液体介质中的分子附着在固体表面的基本过程，在废水净化和溶剂回收等各种化学工程应用中起着至关重要的作用。这些现象可以通过平衡模型来描述，平衡模型提供了对吸附能力和热力学性质（如焓和熵变化）的深入了解，但参数的不确定性往往会破坏其准确性。本研究应用贝叶斯方法定量和定性地评估吸附模型中的不确定性。通过贝叶斯分析，在Sips模型中发现了大量的参数可变性，热力学参数的后验分布揭示了广泛的不确定性区域和放热焓值（即P（ΔH°<0）>0.5）的高可能性，这些值在不同系统中经常偏离既定的热力学期望。尽管获得了良好的拟合统计（例如，R²≈0.99），但Sips模型中的这种灵活性并不能始终转化为可靠的热力学解释。相比之下，Langmuir模型产生了更稳定的估计，为平衡常数提供了更窄的和热力学一致的概率分布(例如ΔH°>；0和ΔS°>；0)和吉布斯自由能随温度变化而变化，尽管拟合统计量略低（例如，R²≈0.97）。这些发现强调了在模型选择中需要进行不确定性分析，并建议在将物理意义归因于等温线衍生参数时要谨慎。本研究提倡采用一种平衡的方法来选择模型，结合不确定性量化来提高研究和工业应用中吸附预测的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Phenomenological kinetic model for biosorption of cesium (Cs) by poly-γ-glutamic acid sodium salt (γ-PGANa) 聚γ-谷氨酸钠盐（γ- pga）吸附铯（Cs）的动力学模型

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100150

Misaki Hisada, Shigeki Sakamoto, Kenta Sugiyama, Yoshinori Kawase

A phenomenological biosorption kinetic model was developed for cesium (Cs) biosorption from radioactive wastewaters by poly-γ-glutamic acid sodium salt (γ-PGANa). The biosorption by non-living biosorbent γ-PGANa is controlled by the ion-exchange mechanism and the proposed kinetic model is based on the ion-exchange mechanism, which is disassembled in two steps, i.e., Step 1 in which Na⁺ from the functional group (–COONa) in γ-PGANa is released and Step 2 in which Cs⁺ and H⁺ are competitively adsorbed on negatively charged functional group −COO⁻. The validation of the proposed phenomenological kinetic model was conducted using the present experimental data for dynamic changes in Cs concentration obtained with the wide ranges of operation conditions at pH from 3 to 9, the dosage of γ-PGANa from 0.1 to 0.6 gL⁻¹, the initial Cs concentration from 0.0001 to 0.1 gL⁻¹, and temperature from 298 to 318 K. The capability of the proposed kinetic model was proved by reasonable agreement between the model predictions and the experimental results.

建立了聚γ-谷氨酸钠盐（γ- pga）对放射性废水中铯（Cs）的生物吸附动力学模型。非活性生物吸附剂γ- pga的生物吸附受离子交换机制控制，本文提出的动力学模型基于离子交换机制，离子交换机制分为两步分解，即第一步释放γ- pga中官能团（-COONa）中的Na+，第二步Cs+和H+在带负电荷的官能团- COO−上竞争性吸附。在pH为3 ~ 9，γ- pga添加量为0.1 ~ 0.6 gL−1，初始Cs浓度为0.0001 ~ 0.1 gL−1，温度为298 ~ 318 K的较宽操作条件下，对所建立的现象动力学模型进行了验证。模型预测结果与实验结果吻合较好，证明了所提动力学模型的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing reactive Blue 4 (RB 4) dye: RSM and ANN optimization, technoeconomic analysis and sludge characterization 电化学处理活性蓝4染料废水：RSM和ANN优化、技术经济分析和污泥表征

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100138

Kajal Gautam , Yatindra Kumar , Shriram Sonawane , Sushil Kumar

In the present study, electrochemistry based electro-coagulation (EC) process, known as green process is used for the decolorization of Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) from simulated textile wastewater. A multivariate approach, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) is employed to model and optimize the EC process with five input variables (pH, initial concentration of dye, current density, operating time, and electrodes gap) to treat the wastewater containing RB 4 dye. The efficiency of EC process is calculated in terms of % decolorization and % chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. A back-propagation Artificial Neural Network (BP - ANN) is also engaged to predict the % color and % COD removal. The experimental values of % decolorization (89.3 %) and % COD removal (84.3 %) are found very close to predicted % decolorizations (88.6 % and 89.4 %) and % COD removal (83.4 % and 84.4 %) at optimized conditions [pH (X₁) = 7.0; initial dye concentration (X₂) = 1297.6 mg l^-1; current density (X₃) = 13.42 mA cm^-2; contact time (X₄) = 70 min and initial electrodes gap (X₅) = 1.0 cm] using RSM and ANN, respectively. Techno-economic efficacy is determined in terms of an operating cost as ₹114.82 m^-3. The physico-chemical properties of the EC process generated sludge are analyzed using FTIR and FESEM/EDX. The comparative analysis with previous studies and future perspectives of the EC process for the removal of RB 4 from wastewater is also carried out.

本研究采用电化学电混凝法（EC）对模拟纺织废水中的活性蓝4 （RB4）进行了脱色处理。采用多变量方法、响应面法（RSM）和中心复合设计（CCD）对5个输入变量（pH、染料初始浓度、电流密度、操作时间和电极间隙）的EC工艺进行建模和优化，以处理含RB - 4染料废水。用脱色率和化学需氧量（COD）去除率来计算EC工艺的效率。并采用反向传播人工神经网络（BP - ANN）对色度和COD去除率进行预测。在最佳条件下[pH (X1) = 7.0]，脱色率（89.3%）和COD去除率（84.3%）与预测值（88.6%和89.4%）和COD去除率（83.4%和84.4%）非常接近；初始染料浓度(X2) = 1297.6 mg l-1；电流密度(X3) = 13.42 mA cm-2；接触时间(X4) = 70 min，初始电极间隙(X5) = 1.0 cm]分别采用RSM和ANN。技术经济效益是根据运营成本确定的，为114.82 m-3。采用FTIR和FESEM/EDX对EC工艺污泥的理化性质进行了分析。本文还对EC工艺去除废水中RB - 4的研究进行了对比分析，并展望了未来的发展前景。

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引用次数: 0

MOSFSA-based CFBHSMC to enhance control accuracy and robustness of proton exchange membrane fuel cell> 基于mosfsa的CFBHSMC提高质子交换膜燃料电池>控制精度和鲁棒性

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100168

Ali Darvish Falehi

The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the most important eco-friendly energy conversion systems which provides electrical energy from chemical energy as a consequence of electrochemical reaction. The performance, accuracy and durability of PEMFC-based power generation system are strongly dependent on its control strategy and design methodology, which may be a challenging and complex task owing to all-inclusive dynamic mechanism of air conditioning system. This paper aims to propose a new Chattering Free Binomial Hyperbolic Sliding Mode Controller (CFBHSMC) for DC-DC boost converter to augment the system performance and guarantee the system accuracy in presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. Due to nonlinearity of PEMFC system and its high control sensitivity, the design control scheme has been formulated as multi-objective optimization problem using Multi-Objective Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm (MOSFSA). The optimal CFBHSMC can significantly reduce the chattering effect, ensure the fast convergence and enhance the tracking accuracy. To validate the proposed controller's capabilities, the simulation results have been compared with fuzzy controller, classic SMC and super-twisting SMC. The simulation results have revealed that the oscillation ranges of PEMFC system for fuzzy controller, classic SMC, super-twisting SMC and CFBHSMC are respectively achieved 8 × 10^–3, 9 × 10^–3, 4 × 10^–3 and 2 × 10^–4, and also the average deviations of these oscillations from the reference signal are respectively obtained as 14×10^–3, 5 × 10^–3, 2 × 10^–3 and 1 × 10^–4.

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）是一种重要的生态友好型能源转换系统，它通过电化学反应将化学能转化为电能。基于pemfc的发电系统的性能、精度和耐久性在很大程度上取决于其控制策略和设计方法，由于空调系统的全动态机制，这可能是一项具有挑战性和复杂性的任务。本文提出了一种新的无抖振二项式双曲滑模控制器（CFBHSMC）用于DC-DC升压变换器，以提高系统的性能，并保证系统在存在模型不确定性和外部干扰的情况下的精度。由于PEMFC系统的非线性和较高的控制灵敏度，设计控制方案采用多目标随机分形搜索算法（MOSFSA）求解为多目标优化问题。优化后的CFBHSMC能显著降低抖振效应，保证快速收敛，提高跟踪精度。为了验证该控制器的性能，将仿真结果与模糊控制器、经典SMC和超扭转SMC进行了比较。仿真结果表明，模糊控制器、经典SMC、超扭SMC和CFBHSMC的PEMFC系统的振荡范围分别为8 × 10-3、9 × 10-3、4× 10-3和2 × 10-4，其振荡与参考信号的平均偏差分别为14×10-3、5 × 10-3、2 × 10-3和1 × 10-4。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin by ZnO-TiO2 heterojunction under UV-Visible irradiation uv -可见光下ZnO-TiO2异质结光催化降解阿莫西林的优化研究

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100183

Samira Charafi , Fatima Zahra Janani , Alaâeddine Elhalil , Mohamed Abdennouri , Mhamed Sadiq , Noureddine Barka

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the ZnO/TiO₂ heterojunction in a photocatalytic process under UV-Visible irradiation for the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX), an antibiotic commonly detected as a pharmaceutical contaminant in water. The photocatalyst was synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by various techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, SEM/EDX, MET and UV-vis DRS, in order to evaluate its physicochemical properties. Optimization of several experimental parameters, such as the initial concentration of AMX, the nature of the photocatalyst, the catalyst dose and the initial pH of the solution, was carried out to maximize photocatalytic performance. XRD revealed the presence of the wurtzite phase for ZnO, while TiO₂ showed the rutile and anatase phases, finely dispersed in the ZnO matrix. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of the characteristic ZnO and TiO₂ bands, and UV-vis DRS analysis also confirmed significant energy absorption in the UV-vis range. In addition, evaluation of photocatalytic efficiency under different experimental conditions showed that alkaline conditions were more conducive to degradation due to the significantly higher hydroxyl ion content. Under optimal experimental conditions (AMX concentration of 40 mg/L, pH of approx. 10, catalyst dose of 100 mg/L and Zn²⁺/Ti⁴⁺=4 molar ratio), the ZnO-TiO₂ heterojunction reached 94% after 210 minutes of exposure to UV-vis irradiation, guaranteeing an optimum balance between light penetration and photocatalytic activity. In addition, the photocatalyst demonstrated high regeneration capacity and photostability, maintaining high regeneration capacity after five cycles. These results underline the strong potential of the ZnO-TiO₂ heterojunction for concrete applications in the treatment of polluted water.

本研究旨在评价ZnO/TiO2异质结在紫外-可见光催化过程中降解水中常见的药物污染物阿莫西林（AMX）的效率。采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了该光催化剂，并采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM/EDX、MET、UV-vis DRS等多种技术对其进行了表征，以评价其理化性质。优化了几个实验参数，如AMX的初始浓度、光催化剂的性质、催化剂的剂量和溶液的初始pH，以最大限度地提高光催化性能。XRD分析表明ZnO为纤锌矿相，TiO2为金红石和锐钛矿相，分散在ZnO基体中。FT-IR分析证实了ZnO和TiO2特征带的存在，UV-vis DRS分析也证实了在UV-vis范围内有明显的能量吸收。此外，对不同实验条件下的光催化效率进行了评价，结果表明碱性条件下羟基离子含量明显较高，更有利于降解。在最佳实验条件下(AMX浓度为40 mg/L， pH约为。10，催化剂剂量为100 mg/L， Zn2+/Ti4+=4摩尔比)，紫外-可见照射210分钟后，ZnO-TiO2异质结达到94%，保证了光穿透和光催化活性之间的最佳平衡。此外，该光催化剂表现出较高的再生能力和光稳定性，在5次循环后仍保持较高的再生能力。这些结果强调了ZnO-TiO 2异质结在污水处理中的混凝土应用的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Pressurized torrefaction of waste biomass to improve bio coal quality: Synergistic effect between animal waste and wood chips 废弃生物质加压焙烧提高生物煤品质：动物粪便与木屑的协同效应

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100171

N.M. Tshuma , L.B. Moyo , G. Danha , T.A. Mamvura , G.S. Simate , C.D. Artur , G. Charis

This study aims to investigate the effect blending waste material to improve its fuel properties using pressurized torrefaction. This research explored the benefits of blending animal waste with wood chips to produce a bio-coal with improved fuel properties. The process conditions investigated were temperature and pressure intervals of 200°C to 280°C and atmospheric pressure (AP) to 4MPa, respectively. The results showed that an increase in temperature and pressure improved the fixed carbon content of the blend almost threefold from 19.87 % to 66.93 % and the higher heating value (HHV) to 27.32MJ/kg from 13.90MJ/kg at mild torrefaction temperature of 280°C and gas pressure of 4MPa compared to atmospheric pressure conditions and the lowest temperature investigated. The HHV increased primarily due to a release of bound and unbound moisture and volatile matter. Wood chips had an HHV of 27.00MJ/kg at a torrefaction temperature of 280°C due to the decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose which enhanced the thermal stability, fixed carbon content and calorific value. However, animal waste had the least incremental increase in HHV (16.45MJ/kg) due to a high initial content of volatile matter and moisture. The improved properties of the blend of materials indicated that pressurized torrefaction was effective in increasing fixed carbon content through secondary polymerization reactions. Moreover, it facilitated the decomposition of cellulose at a lower temperature than the typical range of 315-400°C if conducted at atmospheric pressure. This study elucidates the notable role of the synergistic effects of blending feed materials prior to torrefaction towards improving the properties and pyrolysis performance of biomass components.

本研究旨在探讨利用加压焙烧技术将废料掺混以改善其燃料性能的效果。本研究探讨了将动物粪便与木屑混合以生产具有改善燃料性能的生物煤的好处。研究的工艺条件为温度区间为200℃~ 280℃，压力区间为大气压（AP） ~ 4MPa。结果表明，温度和压力的增加使共混物的固定碳含量从19.87%提高到66.93%，比常压条件和最低温度下提高了近3倍，温度为280℃，气压为4MPa时，共混物的热值（HHV）从13.90MJ/kg提高到27.32MJ/kg。HHV的增加主要是由于结合和非结合的水分和挥发性物质的释放。在280℃的焙烧温度下，木屑的HHV为27.00MJ/kg，这是由于半纤维素和纤维素的分解，提高了木屑的热稳定性、固定碳含量和热值。然而，由于动物粪便中挥发性物质和水分的初始含量较高，HHV增幅最小（16.45MJ/kg）。共混物性能的改善表明，加压焙烧是通过二次聚合反应提高固定碳含量的有效方法。此外，如果在常压下进行，它有助于纤维素在较低的温度下分解，而不是在315-400℃的典型范围内进行。本研究阐明了在焙烧前混合原料的协同效应对改善生物质组分的性能和热解性能的显著作用。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic integration of PCM-filled coil fins and smart water depth control in solar stills: A comprehensive energy, exergy, and environmental analysis 太阳能蒸馏器中pcm填充盘管翅片和智能水深控制的协同集成：综合能源，能源和环境分析

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100189

Lailatul Nehar , Tanvir Rahman , Md Shahiduzzaman Shahed , Md Yeamin Prodhan , Md Sazan Rahman , S.S. Tuly

Freshwater scarcity remains a critical global challenge, necessitating sustainable desalination solutions. This study investigates the performance enhancement of a double-slope solar still (SS) through the integration of hollow copper coil fins (HCCFs), phase change material (PCM), and an Arduino-based water depth control system. Three configurations were tested: conventional (Case I), fin-modified (Case II), and PCM-fin with smart control (Case III). Experimental results demonstrated that Case III achieved the highest productivity, yielding 1.81 L/m²/day, a 166 % improvement over the conventional still (0.68 L/m²/day) and 14 % higher than Case II (1.59 L/m²/day). Thermal analysis revealed peak energy and exergy efficiencies of 38.9 % and 4.31 %, respectively, for Case III, significantly surpassing Cases I (23.1 %, 1.45 %) and II (28.3 %, 3.45 %). The intelligent water depth modulation (20–35 mm) optimized heat transfer, while PCM extended post-sunset distillation. Economic and environmental assessments showed a payback period of 295 days and 4.8 tons of CO₂ mitigation over the system’s lifetime, with potential carbon credits of $190. This work establishes a novel, scalable approach for sustainable solar desalination.

淡水短缺仍然是一个严峻的全球挑战，需要可持续的海水淡化解决方案。本研究通过集成空心铜圈翅片（HCCFs）、相变材料（PCM）和基于arduino的水深控制系统，研究了双斜面太阳能蒸发器（SS）的性能增强。测试了三种配置：常规（案例I）、鳍片改造（案例II）和智能控制的pcm鳍片（案例III）。实验结果表明，案例III的生产率最高，产量为1.81 L/m²/天，比传统蒸馏器（0.68 L/m²/天）提高166%，比案例II （1.59 L/m²/天）提高14%。热分析显示，工况III的峰值能量和火用效率分别为38.9%和4.31%，显著超过工况I（23.1%, 1.45%）和工况II（28.3%, 3.45%）。智能水深调制（20-35 mm）优化了传热，而PCM扩展了日落后蒸馏。经济和环境评估显示，该系统的投资回收期为295天，在整个系统的生命周期内减少了4.8吨二氧化碳排放，潜在的碳信用额为190美元。这项工作为可持续太阳能脱盐建立了一种新颖的、可扩展的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable adsorption technologies for textile dye removal: Advances in biomass-derived and magnetically modified activated carbons 纺织染料的可持续吸附技术：生物质活性炭和磁改性活性炭的研究进展

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100210

Salma El Meziani , Hafida Agnaou , Hajar El Haddaj , Wafaa Boumya , Noureddine Barka , Alaâeddine Elhalil

Dye pollutants are a major environmental concern, largely due to their widespread discharge from textile and related industries. Once released into aquatic systems, these dyes significantly deteriorate water quality by reducing light penetration, disrupting photosynthetic activity, and posing toxic risks to both aquatic organisms and human health. As a result, the effective removal of dyes from wastewater is essential for protecting the environment and safeguarding public health. Among the various treatment options available, adsorption has gained prominence as a particularly effective, simple, and eco-friendly method. This review provides an in-depth and comprehensive examination of textile dyes and the various contemporary strategies employed for the treatment of dye-polluted wastewater, with particular focus on adsorption-based methods. It thoroughly explores the key factors affecting the efficiency of the adsorption process, including solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and the physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbent material. Special attention is given to understanding how these parameters interact to optimize dye removal performance and enhance the sustainability of wastewater treatment practices. Special attention is given to low-cost adsorbents derived from biomass waste, including pretreatment strategies that can significantly improve their adsorption performance. The review also explores regeneration methods aimed at enhancing the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the adsorption process. A dedicated section focuses on magnetic adsorbents, which offer the combined advantages of high adsorption efficiency and easy recovery from aqueous solutions using an external magnetic field. Various types of magnetic materials are examined, including their synthesis, characterization, and performance under different operating conditions. Finally, the review outlines current challenges and highlights future research directions for optimizing magnetic adsorption technologies in practical wastewater treatment applications.

染料污染物是一个主要的环境问题，主要是由于纺织和相关工业的广泛排放。这些染料一旦释放到水生系统中，就会减少光的穿透，破坏光合作用，并对水生生物和人类健康构成有毒风险，从而严重恶化水质。因此，有效去除废水中的染料对保护环境和保障公众健康至关重要。在各种可用的处理方案中，吸附作为一种特别有效、简单和环保的方法而受到重视。这篇综述提供了一个深入和全面的检查纺织染料和各种用于处理染料污染废水的当代策略，特别侧重于基于吸附的方法。深入探讨了影响吸附过程效率的关键因素，包括溶液pH、染料初始浓度、接触时间、温度以及吸附材料的理化特性。特别注意的是了解这些参数如何相互作用，以优化染料去除性能和提高废水处理实践的可持续性。特别关注从生物质废物中提取的低成本吸附剂，包括可以显著提高其吸附性能的预处理策略。综述还探讨了旨在提高吸附过程的可持续性和成本效益的再生方法。磁性吸附剂的专门部分侧重于磁性吸附剂，它具有高吸附效率和使用外部磁场易于从水溶液中回收的综合优势。考察了各种类型的磁性材料，包括它们的合成、表征和在不同操作条件下的性能。最后，综述了磁吸附技术在污水处理实际应用中面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0