Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献_第7页

Sustainable valorization of textile industry cotton waste through pyrolysis for biochar production 通过热解生产生物炭实现纺织业棉花废料的可持续增值

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100161

Fatema Tujjohra , Md. Ehsanul Haque , Md. Abdul Kader , Mohammed Mizanur Rahman

This study presents a novel and sustainable approach to the valorization of textile spinning industry waste cotton (WC) through direct pyrolysis, converting it into high-quality biochar with enhanced energy potential and structural stability. This research systematically examines the impact of pyrolysis temperature (300–500°C) on biochar yield, composition, and physicochemical properties to optimize conditions for maximum carbon retention and energy efficiency. The results indicate that biochar yield decreased from Biochar yield decreased from 50.5 % at 300°C to 26.7 % at 500°C, while fixed carbon content increased from 59.33 % to 68.65 %. Elemental analysis revealed a rise in carbon content (53.13 % to 73.62 %) and reductions in oxygen (46.7 % to 13.27 %) and hydrogen (6.06 % to 2.79 %), enhancing thermal stability. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated a transition from amorphous cellulose to condensed graphitic carbon at higher temperatures. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) confirmed superior thermal resistance, with biochar retaining 14.7 % of its mass at 800°C. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed key thermal transitions, with the endothermic peak shifting from 65.5°C in raw WC to 79.6°C at 500°C, indicating increased thermal stability. The calorific value peaked at 27.31 MJ/kg at 400°C, making it a promising solid biofuel. Additionally, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis showed a substantial increase in porosity, with the highest specific surface area of 225.24 m²/g at 500°C, improving biochar's potential for adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. These findings contribute to optimizing pyrolysis conditions for waste cotton valorization, supporting circular economy principles, reducing environmental pollution, and enhancing renewable energy applications. By integrating pyrolysis into textile waste management, this study offers a scalable and eco-friendly strategy for sustainable energy recovery and environmental remediation.

本研究提出了一种新的、可持续的方法，通过直接热解将纺织工业废棉（WC）转化为具有更高能量潜力和结构稳定性的优质生物炭。本研究系统考察了热解温度（300-500°C）对生物炭产量、组成和理化性质的影响，以优化最大碳保留和能源效率的条件。结果表明：生物炭产率由300℃时的50.5%下降到500℃时的26.7%，固定碳含量由59.33%上升到68.65%；元素分析表明，碳含量从53.13%上升到73.62%，氧含量从46.7%下降到13.27%，氢含量从6.06%下降到2.79%，热稳定性增强。x射线衍射（XRD）分析表明，在较高的温度下，从无定形纤维素到凝聚石墨碳的转变。热重分析（TGA）证实生物炭具有优异的耐热性，在800°C时保持其质量的14.7%。差示扫描量热法（DSC）显示了关键的热转变，吸热峰从原始WC的65.5°C转移到500°C时的79.6°C，表明热稳定性增加。在400°C时，其热值达到27.31 MJ/kg，是一种很有前途的固体生物燃料。此外，brunauer - emmet - teller （BET）分析显示孔隙度大幅增加，在500°C时比表面积最高，达到225.24 m2/g，提高了生物炭的吸附、催化和储能潜力。这些研究结果有助于优化废棉的热解条件，支持循环经济原则，减少环境污染，促进可再生能源的应用。通过将热解与纺织废物管理相结合，本研究为可持续能源回收和环境修复提供了一种可扩展和环保的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated production of second-generation ethanol, xylosaccharides and lignin-derived products from eucalyptus residues under a biorefinery approach 生物精炼方法下桉树残渣综合生产第二代乙醇、木糖和木质素衍生产品

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100194

Mairan Guigou , Santiago Moure , Florencia Cebreiros , María-Noel Cabrera , Juan Martín Rodao , Leonardo Clavijo , Alberto Liguori , Laura Camesasca , Eugenia Vila , Mario Daniel Ferrari , Claudia Lareo

This study investigates the integrated utilization of eucalyptus sawdust for producing bioethanol and value-added co-products, such as xylose and lignin, with potential applications in various chemical industries. The sawdust underwent two pretreatment stages: an acid pretreatment with diluted phosphoric acid, followed by an alkaline treatment. The optimal acid pretreatment condition was 160 °C, 0.6 % phosphoric acid for 40 min, yielding a xylose concentration of 15.8 g/L and an 87 % xylosaccharides recovery. The resulting solid fraction was then treated with an alkaline solution to extract lignin, recovered with a 61 % yield. High enzymatic hydrolysis efficiencies of the pretreated solids were achieved, with glucose concentrations ranging from 105 to 162 g/L, resulting in glucose yields of 34 g/100 g dry sawdust. The best alkaline pretreatment condition was 14 % NaOH for 60 min. The separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation strategy was the most effective for ethanol production, yielding 73 g/L of ethanol and 171 L per ton of sawdust. Additionally, lignin could replace up to 30 % of the phenol-formaldehyde resin used in adhesives, improving bond strength and offering a cost-effective alternative. These findings highlight the potential of eucalyptus sawdust as a sustainable resource for bioethanol production and value-added chemical products.

本研究探讨了桉树木屑的综合利用，以生产生物乙醇和木糖、木质素等高附加值副产品，在各种化学工业中具有潜在的应用前景。木屑经过两个预处理阶段：用稀释的磷酸进行酸预处理，然后进行碱性处理。最佳酸预处理条件为160℃、0.6%磷酸、40 min，木糖浓度为15.8 g/L，木糖回收率为87%。然后用碱性溶液提取木质素，回收率为61%。在葡萄糖浓度为105 ~ 162 g/L的情况下，预处理固体的酶解效率很高，葡萄糖产量为34 g/100 g干木屑。最佳碱前处理条件为14% NaOH，处理时间为60 min。单独的酶解和发酵策略对乙醇生产最有效，每吨木屑的乙醇产量为73 g/L，每吨木屑的乙醇产量为171 L。此外，木质素可以取代粘合剂中使用的高达30%的酚醛树脂，提高粘合强度，并提供一种具有成本效益的替代品。这些发现突出了桉树锯末作为生物乙醇生产和增值化学产品的可持续资源的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Heterogeneous cobalt-based catalysts for boosting peroxymonosulfate activation: A review on cobalt-ion leaching inhibition strategies 促进过氧单硫酸盐活化的多相钴基催化剂：钴离子浸出抑制策略综述

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100173

Sanshuang Gao , Tinghang Li , Xue Zhao , Guangzhi Hu , Xueyong Cui , Lingyang Pan , Thomas Wågberg

Cobalt (Co)-ion leaching is one of the most challenging issues associated with the application of heterogeneous Cobalt (Co)-based catalysts such as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activators for the removal of organic pollutants. Excessive Co-ions threaten human health, and their leaching mitigates the possibility for efficient reusability of the material and leads to increased handling costs. Hence, the development of highly efficient and stable heterogeneous Co-based catalysts with low Co-ion leaching is essential for future industrial applications. This review summarises the strategies employed in recent years to mitigate or suppress metal-ion leaching from heterogeneous Co-based catalysts. The main approaches, including morphology and structure regulation, surface modification engineering, composition optimisation, and carrier immobilisation, are discussed. Analyses of the operational mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of each strategy are presented. Finally, to realize the practical applications of heterogeneous Co-based PMS systems, existing challenges, and future research prospects are discussed, providing a reference for the design of multiphase Co-based catalysts.

钴（Co）离子浸出是应用非均相钴（Co）基催化剂（如过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）活化剂）去除有机污染物最具挑战性的问题之一。过量的Co-ions威胁人类健康，它们的浸出降低了材料有效再利用的可能性，并导致处理成本增加。因此，开发高效、稳定、低co离子浸出的多相co基催化剂对未来的工业应用至关重要。本文综述了近年来用于减轻或抑制非均相co基催化剂金属离子浸出的策略。讨论了形貌和结构调控、表面改性工程、成分优化和载体固定化等主要方法。分析了每种策略的运行机制、优势和局限性。最后，为了实现多相co基PMS体系的实际应用，讨论了目前存在的挑战和未来的研究前景，为多相co基催化剂的设计提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Recent trends for clean fuel using environmental protecting oxidative desulfurization process 清洁燃料采用环保型氧化脱硫工艺的最新趋势

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100140

S. Said, S. Mikhail, M. Riad

The tremendous consumption of fuel oil causes the environmental pollution and it is necessary to curtail toxic sulfur compounds. The environmental remediation acquires clean desulfurization technology; oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process is intensively studied to produce sulfur clean fuels due to its mild reaction conditions, no hydrogen need and its notable desulfurization performances. This work emphasizes a comprehensive review on the recent finding in catalytic ODS including recently developed materials as metal organic framework/metal oxide composite, polyoxometalate, titanium and molybdenum oxides. The essential link between the catalyst properties and performances in ODS are discussed. The utilization of other ODS assisted processes like extractive, photo-catalytic, adsorptive, ultrasonic and mixing are also reviewed. The insights presented will aid in the development of more accurate and efficient methods for clean fuel production, thereby helping to protect human health and the environment. The review provides guidance from a methodology perspective like mixing assisted desulfurization process for future research and development. Finally, the required future works to mature this technology are suggested providing feasible outlook in efficient oxidative desulfurization technologies for clean fuel production from real fuel.

燃料油的大量消耗造成了环境污染，减少有毒含硫化合物是必要的。环境修复获得清洁脱硫技术；氧化脱硫（ODS）工艺因其反应条件温和、无需加氢、脱硫性能显著等优点，成为生产含硫清洁燃料的研究热点。本文综述了金属有机骨架/金属氧化物复合材料、多金属氧酸盐、钛氧化物和钼氧化物等材料的研究进展。讨论了ODS催化剂性能与性能之间的内在联系。综述了萃取、光催化、吸附、超声和混合等其他耗氧物质辅助工艺的应用。所提出的见解将有助于开发更准确和有效的清洁燃料生产方法，从而有助于保护人类健康和环境。从混合辅助脱硫工艺等方法学角度为今后的研究和开发提供指导。最后，提出了该技术进一步成熟所需要进行的工作，为实际燃料生产清洁燃料的高效氧化脱硫技术提供了可行的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal pyrolysis of wasted high-density plastic into valuable fuels using statistically derived kinetic rate constants 利用统计导出的动力学速率常数将废弃高密度塑料热裂解成有价值的燃料

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100172

Hammad Hussain , Sonia Arshed , Shahbaz Nasir Khan , Sameera Haq Nawaz , Muhammad Yasin Naz , Rao Adeel Un Nabi

Experimentally, empirical rate constants are used to extract liquid fuels and gases from the thermal decomposition of high-density plastics (HDPs). However, this approach is costly, time-consuming, and not commercially viable for producing a sustainable volume of liquid fuel. The prediction of rate constants is, therefore, imperative to boost the efficiency of the scaled destruction of plastic waste into fuels and other valuable products. We used the Box-Behnken technique in response surface methodology (RSM) to forecast temperature-dependent rate constants for thermal destruction of HDP. Most appropriate combinations of activation energies (Ea), exponential factors (Ao) and rate constants (k) were predicted statistically for better insight into HDP reaction mechanism for commercial scale production of oils and gases. The predicted parameters were used in a 2nd order ordinary differential solver to simulate the amount of oil and gases. The thermal treatment of HDP under optimized conditions resulted in 99 % oil production after 240 min of reaction. The formation of heavy wax was observed at the start of the reaction, and it changed to oil, light wax, and gases after 1 hour of processing. After 2 h, light wax production declined and oil production increased over time.

实验中，利用经验速率常数从高密度塑料（HDPs）的热分解中提取液体燃料和气体。然而，这种方法成本高，耗时长，而且在商业上不可行，无法生产出可持续数量的液体燃料。因此，速率常数的预测对于提高塑料垃圾转化为燃料和其他有价值产品的效率至关重要。我们使用响应面法（RSM）中的Box-Behnken技术来预测HDP热破坏的温度相关速率常数。对活化能（Ea）、指数因子（Ao）和速率常数(k)的最合适组合进行了统计预测，以便更好地了解HDP反应机理，用于商业规模的油气生产。将预测参数应用于二阶常微分求解器中，对油气量进行了数值模拟。在优化条件下对HDP进行热处理，反应240 min后原油采收率达到99%。在反应开始时观察到重蜡的形成，经过1小时的处理后变为油、轻蜡和气体。2 h后，随着时间的推移，轻蜡产量下降，原油产量增加。

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引用次数: 0

The potential of waste avocado–banana fruit peels catalyst in the transesterification of non-edible Mafura kernel oil: Process optimization by Taguchi 废鳄梨-香蕉果皮催化剂在非食用麻浦仁油酯交换反应中的潜力：田口的工艺优化

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100158

A.O. Etim, P. Musonge

Fruit waste resources are expansive carriers of fundamental minerals and chemicals that are useful in energy generation. In this work, the combination of waste avocado and banana fruit peels as an active, environmentally friendly catalyst was studied in the transesterification of Mafura kernel oil (MKO), a non-edible oil with a high FFA content of 5 %. The catalyst was produced by calcining the burnt waste fruit materials at 700 °C. The calcined biochar was further examined for structural, chemical, and thermal properties using scientific instruments such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and DSC-TGA. The results showed that inorganic minerals and carbonates of Sylvite (KCl), calcium phosphate (Ca₅(PO₄)₃), monticellite (K₂MgSiO₄), and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) were obtained after the calcination, which facilitated the conversion of MKO via a one-step transesterification process. The L9 orthogonal Taguchi design-response surface methodology (RSM-L9OTD) was employed to optimize and statistically characterize the transesterification process. The ideal conditions established for the process variables for the optimum yield were CH₃OH: MKO molar ratio of 12:1, catalyst loading of 4.5 wt%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, and time 80 min. The results showed that the Mafura kernel methyl ester (MKOME), which is within the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 specified standard, was obtained at a confirmatory optimum yield of 96.06 % using the above conditions. Thus, the utilized feedstock offers attractive feasibility to sustainable biodiesel development.

水果废料资源是基本矿物和化学物质的广泛载体，在能源生产中很有用。本研究以废牛油果和香蕉果皮为催化剂，研究了牛油果仁油（MKO）的酯交换反应。牛油果仁油是一种非食用油脂，游离脂肪酸含量高达5%。该催化剂是由燃烧后的废水果原料在700℃下煅烧制备的。利用FT-IR、XRD、SEM、EDS和DSC-TGA等科学仪器对煅烧后的生物炭进行了进一步的结构、化学和热性能检测。结果表明：焙烧后可得到碳酸钾（KCl）、磷酸钙（Ca5(PO4)3）、蒙脱石（K2MgSiO4）和碳酸钾（K2CO3）等无机矿物和碳酸盐，有利于MKO的一步酯交换转化。采用L9正交田口设计-响应面法（RSM-L9OTD）对酯交换过程进行优化和统计表征。结果表明，在此条件下，得到的马ura核甲酯（MKOME）的最佳产率为96.06%，符合ASTM D6751和EN 14214的标准要求，反应温度为65℃，反应时间为80 min， CH3OH: MKO摩尔比为12:1。因此，利用的原料为生物柴油的可持续发展提供了诱人的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar-synergy in anaerobic digestion of animal wastes for total pollution control and bioenergy production: A sustainable integrated perspective 生物炭在动物粪便厌氧消化中的协同作用，用于总污染控制和生物能源生产：可持续的综合观点

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100177

Obey Gotore , Thuong Thi Nguyen , Tirivashe Philip Masere , Albert Shumba , Albert Gumbo , Prattakorn Sittisom , Mufwankolo Apingien Heritier , Tomoaki Itayama

Organic waste disposal and treatment are key public and environmental health issues contributing to pollution reduction and minimizing the spread of diseases from agricultural setups. Current treatment methods of animal waste often generate odors and greenhouse gases, which become catastrophic downstream, including algae blooms and groundwater contamination. Anaerobic digestion (AD) using bioreactors has been an economic resource utilization strategy for organic waste treatment with ecological integrity for environmental justice. To enhance the effectiveness of AD, the addition of biochar has been shown to improve treatment efficiency by amplifying bacterial activity and aiding in the breakdown of complex organic materials for biofuel production. We reviewed the integration of biochar in the AD of animal waste material as a cost-effective bio-carrier to enhance treatment for environmental protection and bioenergy production. We discussed the current relationship between pyrolysis conditions and feedstock types used in the AD process and evaluated the ecological functions of microbial activities and their interaction with biochar-based biomass in AD engineering designs. A comprehension of the technological advances to improve the AD performances associated with microbial biomass and biochar addition and potential areas for future research and their limitations toward a zero-waste paradigm for sustainable development in farm management systems was reviewed.

有机废物的处置和处理是关键的公共和环境卫生问题，有助于减少污染和尽量减少农业设施造成的疾病传播。目前的动物粪便处理方法通常会产生气味和温室气体，对下游造成灾难性影响，包括藻类繁殖和地下水污染。利用生物反应器进行厌氧消化已成为一种经济有效的有机废物资源化处理策略。为了提高AD的有效性，添加生物炭已被证明可以通过放大细菌活性和帮助分解用于生物燃料生产的复杂有机物质来提高处理效率。本文综述了生物炭作为一种经济高效的生物载体在动物粪便AD中的应用，以加强对环境保护和生物能源生产的处理。我们讨论了目前热解条件与AD工艺中使用的原料类型之间的关系，并评估了AD工程设计中微生物活动的生态功能及其与生物炭基生物质的相互作用。综述了提高与微生物生物量和生物炭添加相关的AD性能的技术进步、未来研究的潜在领域以及它们在实现农场管理系统可持续发展的零废物范式方面的局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the role of material substitution in cost reduction and demand mitigation for sustainable wind energy infrastructure 评估材料替代在降低可持续风能基础设施成本和缓解需求方面的作用

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100203

Samuel Chukwujindu Nwokolo

This study presents an integrated assessment of how material substitution can lower costs and reduce mineral demand in sustainable wind energy infrastructure. Using a multidimensional modeling framework, the study forecast demand for key minerals—including copper, neodymium, dysprosium, and nickel—between 2023 and 2050 under different global policy scenarios such as Stated Policies, Announced Pledges, and Net Zero targets. The methodology combines historical trend analysis, growth forecasting using nonlinear regression, and scenario-based projections to model future demand patterns. The study assesses how changes in price and availability influence mineral use through economic sensitivity modeling and elasticity analysis, identifying which materials are most responsive to market shifts. Risk and uncertainty are quantified using Monte Carlo simulations that model a wide range of future outcomes, including supply disruptions and policy volatility. Optimization modeling is employed to identify substitution pathways—such as advanced composites and engineered alternatives—that maintain turbine performance while reducing reliance on critical or high-cost materials. The results suggest that material substitution strategies can reduce total mineral demand by up to 25 % and cut production costs by 10–30 %, particularly in rare-earth-intensive components. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and investors seeking to align energy infrastructure development with environmental and economic sustainability. While comprehensive, the analysis acknowledges certain limitations. The projections are scenario-based and depend on assumptions about technological innovation, market dynamics, and policy execution. Additionally, uncertainties in global mineral reserve data and supply chain transparency may influence the accuracy of demand forecasts. Overall, this research provides a data-driven, novel roadmap for building more resilient, cost-efficient, and environmentally responsible wind energy systems by integrating substitution technologies and sustainable material strategies.

本研究对材料替代如何降低成本和减少可持续风能基础设施的矿物需求进行了综合评估。利用多维建模框架，该研究预测了2023年至2050年间不同全球政策情景（如声明政策、宣布承诺和净零目标）下对关键矿物（包括铜、钕、镝和镍）的需求。该方法结合了历史趋势分析、使用非线性回归的增长预测和基于场景的预测来模拟未来的需求模式。该研究通过经济敏感性模型和弹性分析来评估价格和可用性的变化如何影响矿物的使用，确定哪些材料对市场变化最敏感。风险和不确定性是通过蒙特卡洛模拟来量化的，该模拟模拟了包括供应中断和政策波动在内的广泛的未来结果。优化建模用于确定替代途径，如先进的复合材料和工程替代品，以保持涡轮机的性能，同时减少对关键或高成本材料的依赖。结果表明，材料替代策略可以减少高达25%的总矿物需求，并将生产成本降低10 - 30%，特别是在稀土密集型组件中。这些发现为寻求将能源基础设施发展与环境和经济可持续性相结合的政策制定者、制造商和投资者提供了有价值的见解。该分析虽然全面，但也承认其局限性。这些预测是基于场景的，并依赖于对技术创新、市场动态和政策执行的假设。此外，全球矿产储量数据和供应链透明度的不确定性可能会影响需求预测的准确性。总的来说，这项研究提供了一个数据驱动的、新颖的路线图，通过整合替代技术和可持续材料战略，构建更具弹性、成本效益和环境责任的风能系统。

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引用次数: 0

Physical, thermal, chemical and biological approaches for plastics degradation–A review 塑料降解的物理、热、化学和生物方法综述

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100162

Seetharam Pondala, Sathish Mohan Botsa

Microplastics are pervasive pollutants in soil and water that break down slowly. Microplastics can adsorb other pollutants and have a high stability, long life time, and high fragmentation potential. The widespread presence of microplastics and their possible ecological effects make their removal from the environment a critical issue at the moment. This makes it necessary to find ways to eliminate micro plastics from the water and other media. Here, we go over numerous approaches have been put forth and examined in an effort to tackle this problem. Chemical, physical, and biological techniques are used in removal processes. The primary breakdown of microplastics by bacteria, fungi, algae, and macrophytes is the main function of biological methods. Physical methods include membrane technology, adsorption, centrifugation, sedimentation, and filtration techniques. Chemical techniques contain the plasma treatment, Fenton and photo-Fenton process and thermal degradation. Every technique has benefits and drawbacks, which emphasizes the requirement for integrated strategies catered to various environmental conditions and microplastic kinds. The main topics we covered were the mechanisms, effectiveness, benefits, and drawbacks of different removal techniques.

微塑料是土壤和水中普遍存在的污染物，分解缓慢。微塑料可以吸附其他污染物，稳定性高，使用寿命长，破碎潜力大。微塑料的广泛存在及其可能的生态影响使其从环境中清除成为当前的关键问题。这使得有必要找到从水和其他介质中消除微塑料的方法。在这里，我们回顾了为解决这个问题而提出和审查的许多方法。在去除过程中使用了化学、物理和生物技术。细菌、真菌、藻类和大型植物对微塑料的主要分解是生物方法的主要功能。物理方法包括膜技术、吸附、离心、沉淀和过滤技术。化学技术包括等离子体处理、芬顿法和光芬顿法和热降解。每一种技术都有其优缺点，这就强调了需要针对不同环境条件和微塑料种类的综合策略。我们讨论的主要主题是不同移除技术的机制、有效性、优点和缺点。

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引用次数: 0

Bioremediation of heavy metals in aquatic environment: A review 水生环境中重金属的生物修复研究进展

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100193

Olubukola Oziegbe , Ehitua  Julius Oziegbe , Olusola Ojo-Omoniyi

The pursuit of critical minerals such as lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and rare earth elements (REE) has intensified mining, producing heavy metal waste that contaminates water bodies. Pollution from human activities and improper disposal of high-tech products containing heavy metals like Hg, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cr has degraded surface and groundwater. These metals enter the human body via bioaccumulation in the food chain or direct consumption of contaminated water, posing health risks. There is an urgent need for cost-effective, eco-friendly methods to decontaminate water without generating additional pollutants. Conventional remediation technologies are costly and produce hazardous waste requiring disposal. In contrast, biological materials—such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, lichens, algae, and plants—offer affordable, sustainable solutions for water decontamination. Moreover, metal-rich biomass from bioremediation processes, like cyanoremediation, can be converted into valuable products, such as metal nanoparticles for pharmaceutical and industrial use, creating a closed-loop system that generates wealth instead of waste. Genetic engineering can further enhance biosorbent organisms and plants to improve heavy metal binding and accumulation. This review examines the environmental and health impacts of heavy metals, the limitations of conventional remediation methods, various bioremediation techniques, and future research directions.

对锂（Li）、镍（Ni）、钴（Co）和稀土元素（REE）等关键矿物的追求加剧了采矿，产生了污染水体的重金属废物。人类活动造成的污染以及对含有汞、镉、镍、铜、铅和铬等重金属的高科技产品的不当处理导致地表水和地下水退化。这些金属通过食物链中的生物积累或直接饮用受污染的水进入人体，构成健康风险。迫切需要一种成本效益高、环境友好的方法来净化水，而不产生额外的污染物。传统的修复技术成本高昂，而且会产生需要处理的危险废物。相比之下，生物材料——如细菌、蓝藻、真菌、地衣、藻类和植物——为水净化提供了经济、可持续的解决方案。此外，来自生物修复过程（如氰修复）的富含金属的生物质可以转化为有价值的产品，如用于制药和工业用途的金属纳米粒子，从而形成一个产生财富而不是浪费的闭环系统。基因工程可以进一步增强生物吸附生物和植物，以改善重金属的结合和积累。本文综述了重金属对环境和健康的影响、传统修复方法的局限性、各种生物修复技术以及未来的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0