Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献_第2页

Synthesis of mesoporous silica and calcium fluoride nanoparticles from hexafluorosilicic acid waste: A circular economy approach 从六氟硅酸废物中合成介孔二氧化硅和氟化钙纳米颗粒：循环经济方法

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100169

Aditya Abburi , Visweswara Rao Abburi

The growing demand for sustainable industrial practices has intensified the need for innovative approaches to managing hazardous waste. In this study, we propose a circular economy-driven method for the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and calcium fluoride (CaF₂) nanoparticles from hexafluorosilicic acid (H₂SiF₆), a highly corrosive and toxic by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry. The process involves reacting H₂SiF₆ with ammonia (NH₃) under controlled conditions to yield high-purity MSNs with tunable properties, including particle sizes ranging from 32 to 85 nm and pore diameters of 2-5 nm. In a second step, the ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) solution obtained as a by-product during the MSN synthesis was treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) to synthesize CaF₂ nanoparticles with an average particle size of 38 nm. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming their high purity and nanoscale dimensions. This dual-synthesis approach not only addresses the environmental concerns associated with H₂SiF₆ disposal but also provides valuable nanomaterials for various industrial applications, thus contributing to a circular economy.

由于对可持续工业做法的需求日益增加，因此更需要采用创新办法来管理危险废物。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种循环经济驱动的方法，以六氟硅酸（H2SiF6）为原料合成介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSNs）和氟化钙纳米颗粒（CaF2）。六氟硅酸是磷肥工业的高腐蚀性和毒性副产物。该工艺包括在受控条件下将H2SiF6与氨（NH3）反应，以产生具有可调性能的高纯度MSNs，包括粒径范围为32至85 nm，孔径为2-5 nm。第二步，用氢氧化钙（Ca(OH)2）处理合成副产物氟化铵（NH4F）溶液，合成平均粒径为38 nm的CaF2纳米颗粒。利用x射线衍射（XRD）、能量色散x射线能谱（EDX）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对所得纳米颗粒进行了表征，证实了其高纯度和纳米级尺寸。这种双重合成方法不仅解决了与H2SiF6处理相关的环境问题，而且为各种工业应用提供了有价值的纳米材料，从而为循环经济做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Advances on modification of photocatalyst for degradation/removal of organic pollutants from water 降解/去除水中有机污染物的光催化剂改性研究进展

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100176

Solomon Oluwaseun Akinnawo, Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya

Modification strategies such as surface doping, surface defect engineering, surface sensitization and heterojunction have proved to be highly effective in improving the performance of a photocatalyst towards the degradation removal of organic pollutants from water. Photocatalysts such as N-doped TiO₂ nanotubes and S-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared via surface doping have been described to displayed higher photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and malachite green compared to unmodified TiO₂ nanoparticles. Moreover, AgI/CdS binary composite fabricated via type-II conventional heterojunction strategy has been recounted in obtaining 91 and 94.5 % removal of tetracycline hydrochloride and methyl orange removal from water. Whereas, GQD/ZnO nanowires photocatalyst developed using a direct z-scheme heterostructure strategy has been investigated to yield three times comparably higher degradation of methylene blue than using pure ZnO nanowires. Similar outcomes have been reported with photocatalysts prepared using surface defect engineering and surface sensitization strategies. In comparison to previous studies, this review accentuates the recent advances on the various modification strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance in removing organic pollutants from wastewater. While recounting the challenges and direction of future studies in palliating these challenges.

表面掺杂、表面缺陷工程、表面敏化和异质结等改性策略已被证明是提高光催化剂降解去除水中有机污染物性能的有效方法。通过表面掺杂制备的n掺杂TiO2纳米管和s掺杂TiO2纳米颗粒等光催化剂与未经修饰的TiO2纳米颗粒相比，对甲基橙和孔雀石绿的光催化降解效果更好。此外，通过ii型常规异质结策略制备的AgI/CdS二元复合材料对盐酸四环素和甲基橙的去除率分别为91%和94.5%。然而，使用直接z-图式异质结构策略开发的GQD/ZnO纳米线光催化剂的亚甲基蓝降解率比使用纯ZnO纳米线高3倍。使用表面缺陷工程和表面敏化策略制备的光催化剂也有类似的结果。在此基础上，综述了近年来提高光催化去除废水中有机污染物性能的各种改性策略的研究进展。同时叙述了应对这些挑战的挑战和未来研究的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Optimized biodiesel production from palm kernel and Jatropha curcas oil blend using KOH-supported calcined animal bone catalyst: A response surface methodology and genetic algorithm-Bayesian hybridization 用koh支持的动物骨催化剂从棕榈仁和麻疯树油混合物中优化生产生物柴油：响应面法和遗传算法-贝叶斯杂交

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100141

Chidera Victoria Okpala , Kevin Tochukwu Dibia

The global demand for sustainable energy drives the need for alternative fuels, with biodiesel emerging as a promising candidate because it is renewable and eco-friendly. In this study, an optimized biodiesel production process was developed using a blend of Palm kernel oil (PKO) and Jatropha curcas oil (JcO), catalyzed by KOH-supported calcined animal bone waste (KOH/CABW). A response surface methodology (RSM) technique, based on a rotatable central composite design (RCCD), optimizes the transesterification reaction. The variables studied include a methanol-oil molar ratio (v/v), catalyst load (wt%), reaction temperature ( °C), and reaction time (min), with biodiesel yield (%) as the response variable. A Genetic Algorithm-Bayesian optimization (GA-BO) hybrid approach is employed to further enhance biodiesel yield. Fuel properties of biodiesel and catalyst reusability studies are conducted. The result from the RSM analysis, supported by ANOVA, reveals significant statistical relevance of the quadratic model at a 95 % confidence level, accounting for individual process variables, and interactive and quadrative effects. The optimal biodiesel yield from RSM is 86.76 % at optimized conditions. In comparison, the GA-BO hybrid approach results in a higher biodiesel yield of 96.45 %, at modified conditions. Experimental validation of the GA-BO approach further confirms a biodiesel yield of 96.67 %, with fuel properties meeting international biofuel standards. Catalyst reusability studies demonstrate that the KOH/CABW catalyst remains effective and efficient after several transesterification cycles. The findings in this study present an innovative approach to biodiesel production by blending non-edible oils, utilizing advanced optimization techniques, and offering a sustainable energy alternative with minimized environmental impact.

全球对可持续能源的需求推动了对替代燃料的需求，生物柴油因其可再生和环保而成为一个有希望的候选者。本研究以棕榈仁油（PKO）和麻疯树油（JcO）为原料，以KOH/CABW为催化剂，优化了生物柴油的生产工艺。基于可旋转中心复合设计（RCCD）的响应面法（RSM）技术优化了酯交换反应。研究的变量包括甲醇-油摩尔比（v/v）、催化剂负载（wt%）、反应温度（°C）和反应时间（min），反应变量为生物柴油产率（%）。采用遗传算法-贝叶斯优化（GA-BO）混合方法进一步提高生物柴油产量。对生物柴油的燃料特性和催化剂的可重复使用性进行了研究。由方差分析支持的RSM分析结果显示，二次模型在95%的置信度下具有显著的统计相关性，考虑到单个过程变量以及交互和二次效应。在优化条件下，RSM的最佳生物柴油产率为86.76%。相比之下，在改良条件下，GA-BO混合方法的生物柴油产率达到96.45%。GA-BO方法的实验验证进一步证实了生物柴油的产率为96.67%，燃料性能达到国际生物燃料标准。催化剂的可重用性研究表明，KOH/CABW催化剂在经过多次酯交换循环后仍然有效和高效。本研究的发现为生物柴油的生产提供了一种创新的方法，通过混合非食用油，利用先进的优化技术，并提供了一种可持续的能源替代方案，同时将对环境的影响降到最低。

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引用次数: 0

Biodegradable waste-derived cellulose/nylon-6-coated iron-oxide nanocomposite encapsulated with chitosan for enhanced wastewater treatment 壳聚糖包封可降解纤维素/尼龙6包覆氧化铁纳米复合材料用于废水强化处理

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100190

Evans Suter , H.L Rutto , I.G Mkhize

The growing threats of water scarcity, climate change, and waste accumulation necessitate innovative solutions, including the transformation of solid waste into sustainable new materials through recycling technologies. This study prepared a low-cost, superior and biodegradable polymeric material made of cellulose nanocrystals from waste paper and pulp sludge, nylon-6 waste, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, and chitosan. The nanocomposite membrane presented saturation magnetization of 26.90 emu/g, significantly lower than magnetic saturation (Ms) of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄). This resulted from the addition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), nylon 6 (N6), and Chitosan (CT), as confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the ultra-permeable membrane had highly porous surfaces. Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) demonstrated that the addition of chitosan and Fe₃O₄ boosted nitrogen adsorption. The isoelectric point (IEP) pH at zero point charge (pHPZC) of magnetized cellulose nanocrystals/nylon 6 nanocomposite membrane encapsulated with chitosan (CNCs/N6@Fe₃O₄CT) was 7.9 due to the hydroxyl groups on the amphoteric surface that react with bases or acids to create a pHPZC that is extremely near to neutral. The nanocomposite presented a larger swelling ratio of 168.24 g/g than precursor materials. The membrane demonstrated excellent rejection efficiency, initiating at approximately 98 %. The resulting nanocomposite membrane's remarkable water permeability, porosity, good rejection, and flux, even at low pressure, offers a potential for water treatment and air filtration applications.

水资源短缺、气候变化和废物积累等日益严重的威胁需要创新的解决方案，包括通过回收技术将固体废物转化为可持续的新材料。本研究以废纸和纸浆污泥、尼龙-6废料、磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒和壳聚糖为原料，制备了一种低成本、高性能、可生物降解的高分子材料。纳米复合膜的饱和磁化强度为26.90 emu/g，明显低于磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（Fe3O4）的磁饱和（Ms）。傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）证实，这是由于添加了纤维素纳米晶体（cnc）、尼龙6 （N6）和壳聚糖（CT）。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，超透膜具有高度多孔的表面。Brunauer Emmet Teller （BET）证明壳聚糖和Fe3O4的加入促进了氮的吸附。壳聚糖（CNCs/N6@Fe3O4CT）包裹的磁化纤维素纳米晶体/尼龙6纳米复合膜（CNCs/N6@Fe3O4CT）在零点电荷（pHPZC）时的等电点pH值（IEP）为7.9，这是由于两性表面的羟基与碱或酸反应，形成非常接近中性的pHPZC。纳米复合材料的溶胀率为168.24 g/g，高于前驱体材料。该膜表现出优异的截留效率，初始率约为98%。所制备的纳米复合膜具有优异的透水性、孔隙率、良好的吸附性和通量，即使在低压下也具有良好的吸附性，为水处理和空气过滤应用提供了潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the relationship between acid precipitation and lignin odor in Kraft Black liquor 硫酸盐黑液中酸沉淀与木质素气味关系的研究

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100143

Enrique Amieva , Lucia Pola , Sergio Collado , Paula Oulego , Pedro Á. Calvo , Mario Díaz

Kraft black liquor, utilized as a lignin feedstock, is increasingly acknowledged as a valuable resource for the production of high-value products. Acid precipitation has proved to be one prominent method for separating this lignin, but its impact on lignin odor remains understudied. This study addresses this gap, aiming to elucidate the relationship between precipitation acidity and lignin odor profiles, offering insights for improving lignin quality and its industrial applications. To this purpose, lignin from Kraft black liquor was precipitated under different acidity levels compared one to another in terms of release of odorous compounds, as mass concentrations and olfactory perception.

To establish a comprehensive odor profile representative of lignin, the investigation focuses on the odor activity values (OAVs) of compounds contributing significantly to the overall odor mixture. Results revealed that acidity significantly influences the generation of volatile organic compounds and the olfactory profile of lignin. Lignins extracted under acidic conditions exhibit fewer aromatic characteristics, whereas those under neutral conditions display more intense and diverse odors. The presence of the guaiacol aroma, characteristic of lignin, is notably pungent and predominant in all samples.

Odor profile analysis provides insights into lignin structural changes during precipitation. Decomposition reduces molecular weight, removing salts and sulfur impurities, decreasing sulfur-derived VOCs. Changes in odor profile, like increased acetic acid odor and more methoxyphenol emission, reflect ester bond degradation and greater methoxy group exposure.

硫酸盐黑液作为木质素原料，越来越被认为是生产高价值产品的宝贵资源。酸沉淀法已被证明是分离木质素的一种重要方法，但其对木质素气味的影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究解决了这一空白，旨在阐明降水酸度与木质素气味特征之间的关系，为改善木质素质量及其工业应用提供见解。为此，从硫酸盐黑液中提取木质素，在不同酸度水平下进行沉淀，比较其释放的气味化合物，如质量浓度和嗅觉感知。为了建立以木质素为代表的综合气味谱，研究了对整体气味混合物有重要贡献的化合物的气味活性值（OAVs）。结果表明，酸度显著影响木质素挥发性有机物的生成和木质素的嗅觉特征。在酸性条件下提取的木质素表现出较少的芳香特征，而在中性条件下提取的木质素表现出更强烈和多样化的气味。木素特有的愈创木酚香气的存在，在所有样品中都具有明显的刺激性和优势。气味分析提供了洞察木质素在降水过程中的结构变化。分解降低了分子量，去除了盐和硫杂质，减少了硫衍生的挥发性有机化合物。气味特征的变化，如醋酸气味增加和甲氧基酚释放增加，反映了酯键降解和甲氧基暴露增加。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of waste aerobic granular sludge: Exploring the recovery of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and other high-value products 好氧颗粒污泥的增值：探索酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和其他高价值产品的回收

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100144

Mehdi Mohammadpour , Sandra Ukaigwe , Musa Manga , Oliver Terna Iorhemen

The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) biotechnology has emerged as a compact, sustainable, resilient, and highly efficient technology for wastewater treatment. Beyond wastewater treatment, AGS provides significant potential for resource recovery, aligning with circular economy principles. This review explores the recovery of six key resources from AGS systems: phosphorus, alginate-like exopolysaccharides (ALE), tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and biogas. Phosphorus recovery pathways include enhanced biological phosphorus removal, biologically induced precipitation as hydroxylapatite (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)), and struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) formation. ALE extraction techniques and optimization strategies are examined for their industrial applications. Biogas production from waste granules can be improved through co-digestion and pre-treatment methods such as steam explosion. Tryptophan production in the aerobic granule matrix can be enhanced through optimized operational parameters, while extraction and quantification are achieved using high-performance liquid chromatography. Tyrosine and phenylalanine, recently identified in the aerobic granule matrix, have a wide range of industrial applications including feed and food supplement, production of medicines, in agriculture for postharvest preservation, and as a raw material for other chemical products. Their biosynthesis in the aerobic granule matrix can be enhanced via process optimization and approaches such as quorum sensing. Addressing current AGS challenges such as extended start-up times when using low-strength wastewater and operational issues with industrial wastewater is critical for maximizing AGS performance. AGS exemplifies innovative biotechnology for sustainable wastewater treatment and resource recovery, leading the way to attaining a circular economy in wastewater management.

好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）生物技术已成为一种紧凑、可持续、弹性和高效的污水处理技术。除了废水处理，AGS还提供了巨大的资源回收潜力，符合循环经济原则。本文综述了从AGS系统中回收六种关键资源：磷、海藻酸样胞外多糖（ALE）、色氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和沼气。磷的回收途径包括加强生物除磷、生物诱导沉淀为羟基磷灰石(Ca5（PO4)3(OH)）和鸟粪石（MgNH4PO4·6H2O）的形成。研究了ALE提取技术和优化策略的工业应用。通过共消化和蒸汽爆破等预处理方法，可以提高废颗粒的沼气产量。通过优化操作参数，可提高好氧颗粒基质中色氨酸的产量，同时采用高效液相色谱法进行提取和定量。最近在好氧颗粒基质中发现的酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸具有广泛的工业应用，包括饲料和食品补充剂，药品生产，农业收获后保存以及作为其他化学产品的原料。它们在好氧颗粒基质中的生物合成可以通过工艺优化和群体感应等方法来增强。解决当前AGS面临的挑战，如使用低强度废水时延长启动时间，以及工业废水的操作问题，对于最大限度地提高AGS的性能至关重要。AGS是可持续废水处理和资源回收的创新生物技术的典范，引领着实现废水管理循环经济的道路。

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引用次数: 0

Energy, economic, and environmental analysis of a waste-to-energy-to-zero system 废物-能源-零系统的能源、经济和环境分析

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100142

Sakkarat Khwamman , Nattaporn Chaiyat

This study presents a new waste-to-energy-to-zero management under the energy, economic, and environmental implications. The survey data implies a total municipal solid waste (MSW) generation of 17.85 Ton/d. The proportions of combustible waste, noncombustible waste, and organic waste are 31.63%, 35.24%, and 33.13%, respectively. Combustion heat is utilized to fuel a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system. A power output is generated with a two-stage organic Rankine cycle (ORC) of 55.57 kW_e, a cooling process in an absorption chiller of 91.06 kW, and a heating process in a drying room of 207.39 kW. A total energy output of 306.98 kW and an energy efficiency of 22.38% are simulated in the waste CCHP system. The solar photovoltaic (PV) rooftop system produced 2,755.62 kWh/d of power generation at a maximum efficiency of 16.28%. A waste-to-energy system has a net power output of 2,823.86 kWh/d at an overall efficiency of 18.34%. Concrete, copper, steel, and gypsum materials significantly influence all midpoint impact categories in the LCA. The main LCA is 6.01E-02 kg CO₂ eq/kWh for climate change, 5.04E-02 kg 1,4-DB eq/kWh for human toxicity, and 1.74E-02 kg Fe eq/kWh for mineral resource depletion. A levelized energy cost (LEnC) of 0.15 USD/kWh, a net present value (NPV) of 1,634,658.51 USD, a profitability index (PI) of 1.72, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 7.97%, and a payback period (PB) of 9.63 y are achieved for economic impact. A waste-to-zero method presents a waste ash concrete block of 7.50 kg, with a size of 39 cm × 19 cm × 7 cm, developed under the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS) 58–2533.

本研究在能源、经济和环境影响下提出了一种新的废物转化为能源的零管理方法。调查数据表明，城市固体废物（MSW）的总产生量为17.85吨/天。可燃废物占比31.63%，不可燃废物占比35.24%，有机废物占比33.13%。燃烧热被用来为一个联合冷却、加热和电力（CCHP）系统提供燃料。输出功率为两级有机朗肯循环（ORC） 55.57 kW，吸收式制冷机制冷功率为91.06 kW，干燥室加热功率为207.39 kW。模拟结果表明，该系统的总输出功率为306.98 kW，能源效率为22.38%。屋顶太阳能光伏（PV）系统的最大发电效率为16.28%，发电量为2,755.62千瓦时/天。垃圾发电系统的净输出功率为2823.86千瓦时/天，总效率为18.34%。混凝土、铜、钢和石膏材料显著影响LCA中所有中点影响类别。气候变化的主要LCA为6.01E-02 kg CO2当量/kWh，人类毒性的主要LCA为5.04E-02 kg 1.4 db当量/kWh，矿产资源枯竭的主要LCA为1.74E-02 kg Fe当量/kWh。净现值（NPV）为1,634,658.51美元，盈利指数（PI）为1.72，内部收益率（IRR）为7.97%，经济影响的投资回收期（PB）为9.63年。垃圾零排放方法采用了7.50公斤的废灰混凝土块，尺寸为39厘米× 19厘米× 7厘米，根据泰国工业标准（TIS） 58-2533开发。

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引用次数: 0

Wetting the surface: A deep dive into chemistry and applications of surfactants 润湿表面：深入研究表面活性剂的化学和应用

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100197

Aisha , Iqra Batool , Shafia Iftekhar , Muhammad Babar Taj , Sónia Alexandra Correia Carabineiro , Fawad Ahmad , Muhammad Imran Khan , Abdallah Shanableh , Heba Alshater

This review article initiates a series of three, focusing on the chemistry and practical applications of surfactants. These compounds play essential roles in wetting, cleaning, emulsifying, dispersing, and exhibiting anti-foaming and foaming properties across various sectors, including agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, microemulsions, polymer latex systems, biocides, pharmaceuticals, and food products. Through a comprehensive examination of eighteen volumes from the seminal surfactant improvement and development series, the ICI Surface Actives and Detergents, coupled with extensive patent searches, the remarkable diversity in the chemical structures of commercially available surfactants is unveiled. The series focuses on surfactants used in various commercial products, including fabric softeners, detergents, fuel additives, paints, and more. It systematically explores the key characteristics and physical behaviors of surfactants, with particular emphasis on their influence on surface and interfacial phenomena. The review also delves into the natural self-assembly process through which surfactant molecules form micelles.

本文主要介绍表面活性剂的化学性质和实际应用。这些化合物在农业化学品、化妆品、微乳液、聚合物乳胶系统、杀菌剂、药品和食品等各个领域的润湿、清洁、乳化、分散和抗泡沫和发泡性能中发挥着重要作用。通过十八卷的综合检查，从种子表面活性剂的改进和发展系列，ICI表面活性剂和洗涤剂，再加上广泛的专利搜索，在商业上可用的表面活性剂的化学结构的显著多样性被揭开。该系列专注于各种商业产品中使用的表面活性剂，包括织物柔软剂，洗涤剂，燃料添加剂，油漆等。它系统地探讨了表面活性剂的关键特性和物理行为，特别强调了它们对表面和界面现象的影响。本文还深入探讨了表面活性剂分子形成胶束的自然自组装过程。

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引用次数: 0

Reduction of Pb (II) and Cu (II) ions from synthetic wastewater utilizing magnetic adsorbent derived from banana peels: Kinetic and Isotherm analyses 利用香蕉皮提取的磁性吸附剂从合成废水中还原Pb （II）和Cu （II）离子：动力学和等温线分析

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100213

Nomthandazo Precious Sibiya-Dlomo , Thembisile Patience Monama , Alisa Govender , Sudesh Rathilal

The continuous advancement of human endeavours, especially through industrialization, has led to the production of substantial quantities of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. The conversion of agricultural waste into low-cost adsorbent value-added goods has garnered interest in recent years. This work involved the preparation of MBP by the coprecipitation process, utilizing a 50:50 (w/w%) ratio of banana peels (BP) and magnetite (MF). The physicochemical properties (morphology, thermal degradation and surface area) of MBP were evaluated, and its efficacy as an adsorbent for the removal of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in aqueous media was examined as a function of pH (2–6), MBP dose (2–10 g/L), starting concentration (50–250 mg/L), and contact time (10–150 min). Adsorption kinetics studies indicated that equilibrium was reached after 30 min at pH 4 and at pH 5 Pb (II) and Cu (II), respectively. Five isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich (d-R), Redlich–Peterson (R–P) and Temkin) were utilized to evaluate the experimental results. Linear regression analysis was conducted for these models to ascertain the isotherm parameters. Additionally, the kinetic data were evaluated using pseudo-first order (PFO), pseudo-second order (PSO), Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption kinetics for Cu (II) and Pb (II) adhered to the pseudo-second-order model with R²> 0.99, indicating a chemical character of the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherm data were precisely described using the Temkin model for Cu (II) and the Freundlich model for Pb (II), with coefficients of determination of 0.9851 and 0.9991, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities for copper and lead (>90 %) by MBP indicates its potential as an alternative adsorbent for the extraction of heavy metals from industrial effluent.

人类活动的不断进步，特别是工业化的不断进步，导致了大量被重金属污染的废水的产生。近年来，将农业废物转化为低成本的吸附剂增值产品引起了人们的兴趣。这项工作涉及通过共沉淀法制备MBP，利用50:50 （w/w%）比例的香蕉皮（BP）和磁铁矿（MF）。考察了MBP的物理化学性质（形貌、热降解和表面积），并考察了其作为吸附剂对水中介质中铅（Pb）和铜（Cu）的去除效果与pH（2-6）、MBP剂量（2-10 g/L）、起始浓度（50-250 mg/L）和接触时间（10-150 min）的关系。吸附动力学研究表明，Pb （II）和Cu （II）分别在pH 4和pH 5条件下吸附30 min后达到平衡。采用Freundlich、Langmuir、Dubinin-Radushkevich （d-R）、Redlich-Peterson （R-P）和Temkin五条等温线对实验结果进行评价。对这些模型进行线性回归分析，确定等温线参数。此外，采用伪一阶（PFO）、伪二阶（PSO）、Elovich和颗粒内扩散模型对动力学数据进行了评估。Cu （II）和Pb （II）的吸附动力学服从拟二阶模型，R2> 0.99，表明吸附过程具有化学特征。吸附等温线数据分别用Temkin模型和Freundlich模型对Cu （II）和Pb （II）进行了精确描述，测定系数分别为0.9851和0.9991。MBP对铜和铅的最大吸附能力（90%）表明其作为工业废水中重金属提取的替代吸附剂的潜力。

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Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100196

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