Cleaner Materials最新文献

Multifunctional performance assessment of insulation panels from recycled textiles and Kenaf/Hemp Fibers: thermal, acoustic, and fire behavior 由回收纺织品和红麻/大麻纤维制成的隔热板的多功能性能评估：热学、声学和防火行为

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100373

Jan Kašpar , Giada Kyaw Oo D’Amore , Jessica Ferrari , Enrico Armelloni , Vincenzo Ballerini , Paolo Valdiserri , Eugenia Rossi di Schio , Mariagrazia Pilotelli , Hossein Soltanian , Manuela Neri

Although natural and recycled fibre-based insulation materials show promising thermal and acoustic performance, several challenges still limit their widespread adoption. This paper explores the properties and potential of recycled textile and natural fiber-based materials in enhancing building renovations. Specifically, it examines two types of insulation panels: those made from recycled textiles (Panels M) and those composed of kenaf and hemp fibers (Panels K). The study investigates various properties, including composition, density, thermal conductivity, acoustic performance, and fire response, highlighting the strengths and challenges associated with each material. The results reveal that while textile-based panels exhibit more variability in composition and performance, natural fiber panels are more uniform, making them a more predictable and reliable option. Thermal conductivity values ranged from 0.035 to 0.049 W/(m·K), with the natural fiber panels showing more consistent results. Acoustic performance, evaluated using both Sonocat sensor and the impedance tube also varied, with textile-based panel M45 performing particularly well approaching the Basotect performance (this latter used as a functional benchmark). Fire response, tested using Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO), indicated that kenaf-based panels demonstrated higher flammability compared to their textile counterparts. Furthermore, the study explored the effectiveness of fire retardants, finding that certain treatments helped suppress ignition.

尽管天然和再生纤维基绝缘材料表现出良好的热学和声学性能，但一些挑战仍然限制了它们的广泛应用。本文探讨了再生纺织品和天然纤维基材料在加强建筑改造方面的性能和潜力。具体来说，它检查了两种类型的绝缘板：由回收纺织品制成的（板M）和由红麻和大麻纤维组成的（板K）。该研究调查了各种性能，包括成分、密度、导热性、声学性能和火灾响应，突出了每种材料的优势和挑战。结果表明，虽然基于纺织品的面板在成分和性能上表现出更多的可变性，但天然纤维面板更加均匀，使其成为更可预测和可靠的选择。导热系数范围为0.035 ~ 0.049 W/(m·K)，与天然纤维板的结果更为一致。使用Sonocat传感器和阻抗管评估的声学性能也有所不同，基于纺织品的面板M45的性能特别好，接近Basotect的性能（后者用作功能基准）。使用温度程序化氧化（TPO）测试的火灾反应表明，与同类纺织品相比，红麻基板表现出更高的可燃性。此外，该研究还探讨了阻燃剂的有效性，发现某些处理方法有助于抑制着火。

{"title":"Multifunctional performance assessment of insulation panels from recycled textiles and Kenaf/Hemp Fibers: thermal, acoustic, and fire behavior","authors":"Jan Kašpar , Giada Kyaw Oo D’Amore , Jessica Ferrari , Enrico Armelloni , Vincenzo Ballerini , Paolo Valdiserri , Eugenia Rossi di Schio , Mariagrazia Pilotelli , Hossein Soltanian , Manuela Neri","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although natural and recycled fibre-based insulation materials show promising thermal and acoustic performance, several challenges still limit their widespread adoption. This paper explores the properties and potential of recycled textile and natural fiber-based materials in enhancing building renovations. Specifically, it examines two types of insulation panels: those made from recycled textiles (Panels M) and those composed of kenaf and hemp fibers (Panels K). The study investigates various properties, including composition, density, thermal conductivity, acoustic performance, and fire response, highlighting the strengths and challenges associated with each material. The results reveal that while textile-based panels exhibit more variability in composition and performance, natural fiber panels are more uniform, making them a more predictable and reliable option. Thermal conductivity values ranged from 0.035 to 0.049 W/(m·K), with the natural fiber panels showing more consistent results. Acoustic performance, evaluated using both Sonocat sensor and the impedance tube also varied, with textile-based panel M45 performing particularly well approaching the Basotect performance (this latter used as a functional benchmark). Fire response, tested using Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO), indicated that kenaf-based panels demonstrated higher flammability compared to their textile counterparts. Furthermore, the study explored the effectiveness of fire retardants, finding that certain treatments helped suppress ignition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feasibility of preparing the stable high-content rubber modified asphalt with low mooney viscosity crumb rubber powder: formulation design and modification mechanism 用低门尼粘度胶粉制备稳定高含量橡胶改性沥青的可行性：配方设计及改性机理

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100372

Xintong Cheng , Ruibo Ren , Peng Wang , Qidong Zheng , Fei Zhai , Haiyu Wang , Lu Li , Jinwei Zhao , Han Chen , Jiahui Li

High-content rubber-modified asphalt (HC-RMA), incorporating over 25 % waste tire rubber powder, delivers environmental sustainability alongside enhanced pavement performance. However, a rubber content exceeding 30 % typically induces excessive viscosity and phase separation. To address these issues, HC-RMA samples were prepared using rubber powder with Mooney viscosities ranging from 40 to 120 MU. Among these, the binder containing 40 % rubber powder with 40 MU viscosity (CR40D) showed a practical viscosity of 1.34 Pa s at 180 °C and demonstrated superior performance, including enhanced high-temperature rutting resistance and improved low-temperature crack resistance. Microscopic analyses (CLSM and AFM) combined with Delaunay triangulation confirmed that the CR40D formulation promoted the formation of a uniform, dense rubber particle network with increased crosslinking density. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified a critical rubber content of 40 % by mass, at which optimal binder compatibility and the strongest intermolecular interactions (van der Waals forces up to 5.4 kJ/mol) were observed. Further increases in rubber content led to a notable decline in these interactions. In conclusion, incorporating 40 % low-Mooney-viscosity (40 MU) rubber powder optimizes the performance of HC-RMA. The resulting material is a high-performance, cost-effective, and eco-friendly paving binder with strong potential for sustainable road construction.

高含量橡胶改性沥青（HC-RMA），含有超过25%的废轮胎橡胶粉，在提高路面性能的同时实现了环境的可持续性。然而，橡胶含量超过30%通常会导致过度的粘度和相分离。为了解决这些问题，HC-RMA样品的制备使用了黏度为40 - 120 MU的胶粉。其中，含有40%黏度为40 MU的胶粉（CR40D）的粘结剂在180℃时的实际黏度为1.34 Pa s，表现出优异的性能，包括增强了高温车辙性能和提高了低温抗裂性能。微观分析（CLSM和AFM）结合Delaunay三角测量证实，CR40D配方促进了均匀、致密的橡胶颗粒网络的形成，并增加了交联密度。分子动力学（MD）模拟发现，当橡胶质量比为40%时，粘合剂相容性最佳，分子间相互作用最强（范德瓦尔斯力高达5.4 kJ/mol）。橡胶含量的进一步增加导致这些相互作用的显著下降。综上所述，添加40%低穆尼粘度（40 MU）的胶粉可优化HC-RMA的性能。由此产生的材料是一种高性能，具有成本效益和环保的铺装粘合剂，具有可持续道路建设的强大潜力。

{"title":"Feasibility of preparing the stable high-content rubber modified asphalt with low mooney viscosity crumb rubber powder: formulation design and modification mechanism","authors":"Xintong Cheng , Ruibo Ren , Peng Wang , Qidong Zheng , Fei Zhai , Haiyu Wang , Lu Li , Jinwei Zhao , Han Chen , Jiahui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-content rubber-modified asphalt (HC-RMA), incorporating over 25 % waste tire rubber powder, delivers environmental sustainability alongside enhanced pavement performance. However, a rubber content exceeding 30 % typically induces excessive viscosity and phase separation. To address these issues, HC-RMA samples were prepared using rubber powder with Mooney viscosities ranging from 40 to 120 MU. Among these, the binder containing 40 % rubber powder with 40 MU viscosity (CR40D) showed a practical viscosity of 1.34 Pa s at 180 °C and demonstrated superior performance, including enhanced high-temperature rutting resistance and improved low-temperature crack resistance. Microscopic analyses (CLSM and AFM) combined with Delaunay triangulation confirmed that the CR40D formulation promoted the formation of a uniform, dense rubber particle network with increased crosslinking density. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified a critical rubber content of 40 % by mass, at which optimal binder compatibility and the strongest intermolecular interactions (van der Waals forces up to 5.4 kJ/mol) were observed. Further increases in rubber content led to a notable decline in these interactions. In conclusion, incorporating 40 % low-Mooney-viscosity (40 MU) rubber powder optimizes the performance of HC-RMA. The resulting material is a high-performance, cost-effective, and eco-friendly paving binder with strong potential for sustainable road construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the filtration characteristics of asphalt mixtures containing different purification materials under multiple environmental impacts 不同净化材料沥青混合料在多种环境影响下的过滤特性研究

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100370

Jiantao Wu, Chao Liang, Quan Liu, Yijie Liu

As the modern highway network continues to expand, the leaching contamination from asphalt pavements may pose environmental risks. Meanwhile, the complex environmental interactions are key factors influencing the leaching behavior of pollutants from pavement structures. To investigate the influence of purification materials on pollutant release behavior under the coupled effects of multiple environmental factors (such as temperature, UV and pH), and to assess their environmental hazards, this study prepared asphalt mixtures by substituting mineral powder with diatomite, zeolite, and activated carbon. Laboratory leaching tests were conducted using a self-developed multi-factor environmental simulation device. The specimens were subjected to temperature and UV coupled aging, followed by leaching in acidic solutions with different pH values. Based on the experimental results, the leaching characterization of various pollutants under different environmental condition combinations were explored, and the influence of diatomite, zeolite, and activated carbon on the leaching behavior of pollutants was evaluated. Furthermore, an evaluation system for pollutants was established by fuzzy mathematics to comprehensively assess the purification efficiency of purification materials. The results indicated that elevated temperatures generally promoted the leaching of most pollutants (except for arsenic). Diatomite exhibited the highest purification efficiency for nutrient pollutants, while activated carbon showed the best purification efficiency for heavy metal pollutants. The overall purification efficiency rankings for mineral powder, diatomite, zeolite, and activated carbon were 8.4345, 6.0815, 5.9644, and 5.6713, respectively, with lower scores indicating higher efficiency, confirming that activated carbon demonstrating the best overall purification performance.

随着现代公路网的不断扩大，沥青路面的浸出污染可能会带来环境风险。同时，复杂的环境相互作用是影响路面结构污染物淋滤行为的关键因素。为考察多种环境因素（如温度、UV、pH）耦合作用下净化材料对污染物释放行为的影响，并评价其环境危害，本研究采用硅藻土、沸石、活性炭代替矿物粉制备沥青混合料。室内浸出试验采用自行研制的多因素环境模拟装置进行。试样经受温度和紫外线耦合老化，然后在不同pH值的酸性溶液中浸出。在实验结果的基础上，探讨了不同环境条件组合下各种污染物的浸出特性，并评价了硅藻土、沸石和活性炭对污染物浸出行为的影响。在此基础上，运用模糊数学建立了污染物评价体系，对净化材料的净化效果进行综合评价。结果表明，温度升高总体上促进了大部分污染物（砷除外）的浸出。硅藻土对营养性污染物的净化效果最好，活性炭对重金属污染物的净化效果最好。矿粉、硅藻土、沸石、活性炭的综合净化效率排名分别为8.4345、6.0815、5.9644、5.6713，得分越低效率越高，说明活性炭的综合净化性能最好。

{"title":"Study on the filtration characteristics of asphalt mixtures containing different purification materials under multiple environmental impacts","authors":"Jiantao Wu, Chao Liang, Quan Liu, Yijie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the modern highway network continues to expand, the leaching contamination from asphalt pavements may pose environmental risks. Meanwhile, the complex environmental interactions are key factors influencing the leaching behavior of pollutants from pavement structures. To investigate the influence of purification materials on pollutant release behavior under the coupled effects of multiple environmental factors (such as temperature, UV and pH), and to assess their environmental hazards, this study prepared asphalt mixtures by substituting mineral powder with diatomite, zeolite, and activated carbon. Laboratory leaching tests were conducted using a self-developed multi-factor environmental simulation device. The specimens were subjected to temperature and UV coupled aging, followed by leaching in acidic solutions with different pH values. Based on the experimental results, the leaching characterization of various pollutants under different environmental condition combinations were explored, and the influence of diatomite, zeolite, and activated carbon on the leaching behavior of pollutants was evaluated. Furthermore, an evaluation system for pollutants was established by fuzzy mathematics to comprehensively assess the purification efficiency of purification materials. The results indicated that elevated temperatures generally promoted the leaching of most pollutants (except for arsenic). Diatomite exhibited the highest purification efficiency for nutrient pollutants, while activated carbon showed the best purification efficiency for heavy metal pollutants. The overall purification efficiency rankings for mineral powder, diatomite, zeolite, and activated carbon were 8.4345, 6.0815, 5.9644, and 5.6713, respectively, with lower scores indicating higher efficiency, confirming that activated carbon demonstrating the best overall purification performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of red mud and its utilization in preparing alternative cementitious materials: a review 赤泥的表征及其在制备替代胶凝材料中的应用综述

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100378

Jixiang Wang , Bo Liu , Dongmin Wang , Rui Sun

Red mud-the residue generated during alumina production from bauxite—has become a major challenge to the sustainable development of the bauxite refining industry due to its massive stockpiles and significant environmental risks. Currently, red mud utilization faces dual challenges: continuously increasing discharge volumes and an extremely low recycling rate. Previous reviews have identified the building materials sector as the most promising avenue for large-scale red mud utilization. However, most of these studies have focused primarily on its application in traditional cement and concrete production. With the cement industry transitioning toward a low-carbon future, various alternative cementitious materials (ACMs) have been developed and explored as potential replacements for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In this context, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review of the progress in utilizing red mud for ACMs, particularly in novel low-carbon clinkers, alkali-activated materials, geopolymers, phosphate cements, and solid waste–based cementitious systems. This work systematically summarizes the effects of red mud on hydration processes, phase assemblages, microstructure development, and performance characteristics within specific ACM systems. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of red mud utilization in ACMs and to identify the most promising strategies for the safe and effective disposal of the rapidly growing global red mud stockpiles. The literature indicates that, unlike the adverse alkali effects observed in OPC, red mud shows considerable potential in the production of low-carbon, high-ferrite clinkers. Moreover, when optimally incorporated into non-sintered ACMs, red mud can enhance performance, although concerns regarding heavy metal leaching and radiological risks remain. Notably, the application of red mud in solid waste–based cementitious materials appears particularly promising, offering both high incorporation capacity and long-term stability.

红泥是铝土矿生产氧化铝过程中产生的残渣，由于其巨大的库存和巨大的环境风险，已成为铝土矿冶炼行业可持续发展的主要挑战。目前，赤泥利用面临着排放量不断增加和回收率极低的双重挑战。以前的审查已经确定建筑材料部门是最有希望大规模利用赤泥的途径。然而，这些研究大多集中在其在传统水泥和混凝土生产中的应用。随着水泥行业向低碳未来转型，各种替代胶凝材料（ACMs）已经被开发和探索，作为普通波特兰水泥（OPC）的潜在替代品。在此背景下，迫切需要全面回顾利用赤泥制备活性炭的进展，特别是在新型低碳熟料、碱活性材料、地聚合物、磷酸盐水泥和固体废物胶凝体系方面的进展。这项工作系统地总结了赤泥在特定ACM系统中对水化过程、相组合、微观结构发展和性能特征的影响。其目标是提供一个全面概述的赤泥利用在acm和确定最有希望的战略，安全有效地处置迅速增长的全球赤泥库存。文献表明，与OPC中观察到的不利碱效应不同，赤泥在生产低碳、高铁氧体熟料方面显示出相当大的潜力。此外，当最佳地掺入非烧结acm时，赤泥可以提高性能，尽管对重金属浸出和辐射风险的担忧仍然存在。值得注意的是，红泥在固体废物基胶凝材料中的应用似乎特别有前景，既具有高掺入能力，又具有长期稳定性。

{"title":"Characterization of red mud and its utilization in preparing alternative cementitious materials: a review","authors":"Jixiang Wang , Bo Liu , Dongmin Wang , Rui Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red mud-the residue generated during alumina production from bauxite—has become a major challenge to the sustainable development of the bauxite refining industry due to its massive stockpiles and significant environmental risks. Currently, red mud utilization faces dual challenges: continuously increasing discharge volumes and an extremely low recycling rate. Previous reviews have identified the building materials sector as the most promising avenue for large-scale red mud utilization. However, most of these studies have focused primarily on its application in traditional cement and concrete production. With the cement industry transitioning toward a low-carbon future, various alternative cementitious materials (ACMs) have been developed and explored as potential replacements for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In this context, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review of the progress in utilizing red mud for ACMs, particularly in novel low-carbon clinkers, alkali-activated materials, geopolymers, phosphate cements, and solid waste–based cementitious systems. This work systematically summarizes the effects of red mud on hydration processes, phase assemblages, microstructure development, and performance characteristics within specific ACM systems. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of red mud utilization in ACMs and to identify the most promising strategies for the safe and effective disposal of the rapidly growing global red mud stockpiles. The literature indicates that, unlike the adverse alkali effects observed in OPC, red mud shows considerable potential in the production of low-carbon, high-ferrite clinkers. Moreover, when optimally incorporated into non-sintered ACMs, red mud can enhance performance, although concerns regarding heavy metal leaching and radiological risks remain. Notably, the application of red mud in solid waste–based cementitious materials appears particularly promising, offering both high incorporation capacity and long-term stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbonated alkali-activated cementitious material with radiative cooling properties for urban heat mitigation 具有辐射冷却性能的碳酸碱活化胶凝材料，用于城市降温

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100380

G. Goracci , N. Adams , T.S.N. De la Fuente , A. Iturrospe , J.A. Ibañez , A. Arbe , K. Allacker , J.S. Dolado

Urban areas generate 70% of global CO₂ emissions, with cement production contributing 8% while exacerbating urban heat islands that increase cooling demands. To address these interconnected challenges through cleaner production methodologies, this exploratory study developed carbonated alkali-activated cementitious materials through ambient pressure carbonation of upcycled ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and calcium hydroxide composites (25–75 wt%). Utilizing a low-energy material pelletization technology, specimens were characterized using XRD, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM. Radiative cooling performance was evaluated through spectral measurements and field testing in desert conditions. The optimized formulation indicates promising exceptional CO₂ sequestration (18.6 wt%) through mineralization. Solar reflectance index reached 90, significantly exceeding conventional white concrete (SRI ≈ 80) and approaching commercial cool materials (SRI ≈ 85–119). Field testing demonstrated 16°C lower surface temperatures compared to ordinary Portland cement under 1000 W/m² solar irradiance in Almeria’s Desert. Microstructural analysis revealed synergistic carbonation-pozzolanic reactions creating dense matrices with hierarchical pore refinement. This dual-benefit approach simultaneously addresses embodied and operational carbon emissions, offering transformative potential for sustainable urban infrastructure. The material’s exceptional cooling performance rivals specialized systems while capturing substantial atmospheric CO₂, representing a paradigm shift toward carbon-negative cleaner materials.

城市地区的二氧化碳排放量占全球的70%，其中水泥生产占8%，同时加剧了城市热岛，增加了制冷需求。为了通过清洁生产方法解决这些相互关联的挑战，本探索性研究通过将升级回收的磨粒高炉渣（GGBS）和氢氧化钙复合材料（25 - 75% wt%）进行环境压力碳化，开发了碳酸化碱活化胶凝材料。采用低能材料制粒技术，利用XRD、TGA、拉曼光谱和SEM对样品进行了表征。通过光谱测量和沙漠条件下的现场试验评估了辐射冷却性能。优化后的配方表明，通过矿化，有望实现特殊的二氧化碳固存（18.6 wt%）。太阳反射率达到90，明显超过传统白色混凝土（SRI≈80），接近商用冷材料（SRI≈85-119）。现场测试表明，在阿尔梅里亚沙漠1000 W/m2太阳辐照度下，与普通波特兰水泥相比，表面温度降低了16°C。微观结构分析表明，碳化-火山灰协同反应形成了致密的基质，具有分层孔隙细化。这种双重效益的方法同时解决了实际碳排放和运营碳排放问题，为可持续城市基础设施提供了变革潜力。该材料卓越的冷却性能与专业系统相媲美，同时捕获大量的大气二氧化碳，代表了向碳负清洁材料的范式转变。

{"title":"Carbonated alkali-activated cementitious material with radiative cooling properties for urban heat mitigation","authors":"G. Goracci , N. Adams , T.S.N. De la Fuente , A. Iturrospe , J.A. Ibañez , A. Arbe , K. Allacker , J.S. Dolado","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban areas generate 70% of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, with cement production contributing 8% while exacerbating urban heat islands that increase cooling demands. To address these interconnected challenges through cleaner production methodologies, this exploratory study developed carbonated alkali-activated cementitious materials through ambient pressure carbonation of upcycled ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and calcium hydroxide composites (25–75 wt%). Utilizing a low-energy material pelletization technology, specimens were characterized using XRD, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM. Radiative cooling performance was evaluated through spectral measurements and field testing in desert conditions. The optimized formulation indicates promising exceptional CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration (18.6 wt%) through mineralization. Solar reflectance index reached 90, significantly exceeding conventional white concrete (SRI ≈ 80) and approaching commercial cool materials (SRI ≈ 85–119). Field testing demonstrated 16°C lower surface temperatures compared to ordinary Portland cement under 1000 W/m<sup>2</sup> solar irradiance in Almeria’s Desert. Microstructural analysis revealed synergistic carbonation-pozzolanic reactions creating dense matrices with hierarchical pore refinement. This dual-benefit approach simultaneously addresses embodied and operational carbon emissions, offering transformative potential for sustainable urban infrastructure. The material’s exceptional cooling performance rivals specialized systems while capturing substantial atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, representing a paradigm shift toward carbon-negative cleaner materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100380"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A state-of-the-art review on carbon-based nanomaterials for engineering applications 碳基纳米材料工程应用研究进展

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100363

Zijun Xu , Zhe Wu , Philippe Poulin , Yilin Wang , Zhengbo Liu , S. Thomas Ng , Guoyang Lu

Without a comprehensive examination of the available literature on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) across various engineering contexts and dimensions, the field is left vulnerable to a disproportionate focus on specific application requirements or conditions, curtailing the ability to leverage the multifunctionality and interdisciplinary advantages of CBNs. Carbon-based nanocomposites serve as a pivotal conduit for the extensive utilization of CBNs. Their functional performance is commonly tailored through approaches such as functional modification, doping, interface engineering, and multiscale structural design. A systematic discussion is presented on the current design strategies of nanocomposites incorporating carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs). Representative cases illustrate their significant engineering application potential in five rapidly evolving and highly active fields: electronic devices, energy storage, civil engineering, water treatment, and biomedical engineering. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in CBNs, emphasizing key applications, ongoing challenges, and emerging research opportunities across diverse domains. Interdisciplinary collaboration is poised to further drive innovation, particularly in areas such as energy storage, structural health monitoring, and biosensing. Future advancements are expected to focus on advanced material design, sustainable and scalable fabrication, intelligent optimization using artificial intelligence, interdisciplinary collaboration, and systematic validation to overcome challenges in synthesis, performance, commercialization, and integration. These insights collectively underscore the pivotal role of CBNs in shaping multifunctional, cross-cutting solutions for next-generation engineering systems.

如果没有对碳基纳米材料（CBNs）在各种工程背景和维度上的现有文献进行全面的研究，该领域很容易受到对特定应用需求或条件的不成比例的关注，从而削弱了利用CBNs的多功能和跨学科优势的能力。碳基纳米复合材料是碳纳米管广泛应用的重要途径。它们的功能性能通常通过功能修饰、掺杂、界面工程和多尺度结构设计等方法来定制。系统地讨论了目前纳米复合材料的设计策略，包括碳点（CDs）、碳纳米管（CNTs）和石墨烯基纳米材料（GBNs）。代表性案例说明了它们在电子设备、能源存储、土木工程、水处理和生物医学工程等五个快速发展和高度活跃的领域具有重要的工程应用潜力。本文全面概述了脑神经网络的最新进展，强调了不同领域的关键应用、持续挑战和新兴研究机会。跨学科合作将进一步推动创新，特别是在能源存储、结构健康监测和生物传感等领域。未来的进展预计将集中在先进的材料设计、可持续和可扩展的制造、使用人工智能的智能优化、跨学科合作和系统验证上，以克服合成、性能、商业化和集成方面的挑战。这些见解共同强调了cbn在塑造下一代工程系统的多功能、跨领域解决方案中的关键作用。

{"title":"A state-of-the-art review on carbon-based nanomaterials for engineering applications","authors":"Zijun Xu , Zhe Wu , Philippe Poulin , Yilin Wang , Zhengbo Liu , S. Thomas Ng , Guoyang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Without a comprehensive examination of the available literature on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) across various engineering contexts and dimensions, the field is left vulnerable to a disproportionate focus on specific application requirements or conditions, curtailing the ability to leverage the multifunctionality and interdisciplinary advantages of CBNs. Carbon-based nanocomposites serve as a pivotal conduit for the extensive utilization of CBNs. Their functional performance is commonly tailored through approaches such as functional modification, doping, interface engineering, and multiscale structural design. A systematic discussion is presented on the current design strategies of nanocomposites incorporating carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs). Representative cases illustrate their significant engineering application potential in five rapidly evolving and highly active fields: electronic devices, energy storage, civil engineering, water treatment, and biomedical engineering. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in CBNs, emphasizing key applications, ongoing challenges, and emerging research opportunities across diverse domains. Interdisciplinary collaboration is poised to further drive innovation, particularly in areas such as energy storage, structural health monitoring, and biosensing. Future advancements are expected to focus on advanced material design, sustainable and scalable fabrication, intelligent optimization using artificial intelligence, interdisciplinary collaboration, and systematic validation to overcome challenges in synthesis, performance, commercialization, and integration. These insights collectively underscore the pivotal role of CBNs in shaping multifunctional, cross-cutting solutions for next-generation engineering systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How chitosan-clay-based coatings contribute to improved poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film properties 壳聚糖粘土基涂层如何改善聚乳酸（PLA）薄膜的性能

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100377

Meriem Fadhel , Clément Poulain , Claire-Hélène Brachais , Rafaela Rendón , Julio Bruna , Alejandra Torres-Mediano , Frédéric Debeaufort , Francisco Rodríguez-Mercado , Nasreddine Benbettaieb

The feasibility of chitosan and montmorillonite (Cloisite-Na⁺) coatings as an alternative oxygen barrier material to biodegradable commercial films (polylactic acid, PLA) was investigated. This work aimed at understanding how active chitosan coatings could affect the functional properties of the PLA films. Moreover, chitosan-based coatings also serve as a support for bioactive molecules. The application of these coatings when containing allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) as an antimicrobial agent, is proved as an efficient active releasing system. PLA films were prepared by cast extrusion process and corona treated prior to being coated by chitosan-Cloisite-Na⁺ suspensions. The incorporation of Cloisite-Na⁺ and/or AITC into chitosan coating increased the oxygen barrier efficacy of PLA films by almost 10 folds. Indeed, the tortuosity of the diffusion path for oxygen molecules, thanks to the nanoclays dispersion, was highly increased. The water vapor permeability of the coated film was not degraded by the hydrophilic character of the chitosan-based layer. FTIR spectra revealed intermolecular interactions between AITC, chitosan and cloisite explaining the improved properties. The release diffusivity of AITC from the chitosan layer without Cloisite-Na⁺ was almost 10000 times higher than that of film containing the Cloisite-Na⁺ at 10%. These active coatings using chitosan is a promising way to improve barrier and functional properties of commercial PLA films.

研究了壳聚糖和蒙脱土（Cloisite-Na+）涂层作为生物可降解商业膜（聚乳酸，PLA）替代氧屏障材料的可行性。本工作旨在了解活性壳聚糖涂层如何影响聚乳酸膜的功能特性。此外，壳聚糖基涂层还可以作为生物活性分子的支撑。应用于含异硫氰酸烯丙酯（AITC）的抗菌涂料，是一种高效的活性释放体系。采用铸造挤压法制备了聚乳酸薄膜，并对其进行电晕处理，然后涂覆壳聚糖- cloiste - na +悬浮液。在壳聚糖涂层中掺入Cloisite-Na+和/或AITC， PLA膜的阻氧效能提高了近10倍。事实上，由于纳米粘土的分散，氧分子扩散路径的扭曲度大大增加。壳聚糖基涂层的亲水性不会降低涂层的透气性。FTIR光谱显示了AITC、壳聚糖和closite之间的分子间相互作用，解释了其性能的改善。在不含Cloisite-Na+的壳聚糖层中，AITC的释放扩散率几乎是含Cloisite-Na+的壳聚糖膜的10000倍。壳聚糖活性涂层是一种很有前途的改善商品聚乳酸薄膜阻隔性和功能性能的方法。

{"title":"How chitosan-clay-based coatings contribute to improved poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film properties","authors":"Meriem Fadhel , Clément Poulain , Claire-Hélène Brachais , Rafaela Rendón , Julio Bruna , Alejandra Torres-Mediano , Frédéric Debeaufort , Francisco Rodríguez-Mercado , Nasreddine Benbettaieb","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The feasibility of chitosan and montmorillonite (Cloisite-Na<sup>+</sup>) coatings as an alternative oxygen barrier material to biodegradable commercial films (polylactic acid, PLA) was investigated. This work aimed at understanding how active chitosan coatings could affect the functional properties of the PLA films. Moreover, chitosan-based coatings also serve as a support for bioactive molecules. The application of these coatings when containing allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) as an antimicrobial agent, is proved as an efficient active releasing system. PLA films were prepared by cast extrusion process and corona treated prior to being coated by chitosan-Cloisite-Na<sup>+</sup> suspensions. The incorporation of Cloisite-Na<sup>+</sup> and/or AITC into chitosan coating increased the oxygen barrier efficacy of PLA films by almost 10 folds. Indeed, the tortuosity of the diffusion path for oxygen molecules, thanks to the nanoclays dispersion, was highly increased. The water vapor permeability of the coated film was not degraded by the hydrophilic character of the chitosan-based layer. FTIR spectra revealed intermolecular interactions between AITC, chitosan and cloisite explaining the improved properties. The release diffusivity of AITC from the chitosan layer without Cloisite-Na<sup>+</sup> was almost 10000 times higher than that of film containing the Cloisite-Na<sup>+</sup> at 10%. These active coatings using chitosan is a promising way to improve barrier and functional properties of commercial PLA films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alkali–silicate–aluminate synergistic hydration mechanisms for enhanced strength development in high-volume lithium slag cement 高容量锂矿渣水泥增强强度发展的碱硅酸盐铝酸盐协同水化机制

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100368

Yantong Zhao , Chunyang Cui , Fuqiang Gao , Qingxin Qi , Zeyu Liu , Xiang Ma , Xi Jiang

Lithium slag (LS) demonstrates synergistic reactivity and element complementarity in cement systems. However, LS exhibits low pozzolanic reactivity when blended with ordinary Portland cement (PC). This study designed a new kind of cleaner cementitious material via solid-waste and low-alkalinity activation. Four possible low-alkali activators were investigated: calcium aluminate (CA), sodium aluminosilicate (SS), sodium carbonate (SC), and sodium aluminate (SA), as well as their combinations for activating high-volume lithium slag cement (HVLSC) via microstructural evolution. Results indicate that the SS–SA considerably enhances C–(A)–S–H and N–A–S–H co-gel formation and promotes ettringite (AFt) nucleation, increasing compressive strength by 306 %, 123 %, and 108 % after 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. The SC activator reduces fluidity in SC systems because CO₃²⁻ induces CaCO₃ precipitation. The SS–SA exhibits the best strength enhancing effect by leveraging the synergy of the Na⁺–SiO₃²⁻–AlO₂⁻ ternary system. This synergy optimizes the density of the gel network and considerably enhances the strength of HVLSC and reduces CO₂ emissions per unit strength by 52.2 % of the carbon dioxide emission per unit strength.

锂渣（LS）在水泥体系中表现出协同反应性和元素互补性。与普通硅酸盐水泥（PC）混合后，LS表现出较低的火山灰反应性。本研究设计了一种采用固废低碱度活化的新型清洁胶凝材料。研究了四种可能的低碱活化剂：铝酸钙（CA）、铝硅酸钠（SS）、碳酸钠（SC）和铝酸钠（SA），以及它们通过微观结构演化对高容量锂渣水泥（HVLSC）的活化作用。结果表明，SS-SA显著增强了C - (A) - s - h和N-A-S-H共凝胶的形成，促进钙矾石（AFt）成核，在7、14和21天后，抗压强度分别提高了306%、123%和108%。由于CO32−诱导CaCO3沉淀，SC活化剂降低了SC体系的流动性。利用Na+ -SiO32−-AlO2−三元体系的协同作用，SS-SA表现出最佳的强度增强效果。这种协同作用优化了凝胶网络的密度，大大提高了HVLSC的强度，并将单位强度的二氧化碳排放量降低了52.2%。

{"title":"Alkali–silicate–aluminate synergistic hydration mechanisms for enhanced strength development in high-volume lithium slag cement","authors":"Yantong Zhao , Chunyang Cui , Fuqiang Gao , Qingxin Qi , Zeyu Liu , Xiang Ma , Xi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium slag (LS) demonstrates synergistic reactivity and element complementarity in cement systems. However, LS exhibits low pozzolanic reactivity when blended with ordinary Portland cement (PC). This study designed a new kind of cleaner cementitious material via solid-waste and low-alkalinity activation. Four possible low-alkali activators were investigated: calcium aluminate (CA), sodium aluminosilicate (SS), sodium carbonate (SC), and sodium aluminate (SA), as well as their combinations for activating high-volume lithium slag cement (HVLSC) via microstructural evolution. Results indicate that the SS–SA considerably enhances C–(A)–S–H and N–A–S–H co-gel formation and promotes ettringite (AFt) nucleation, increasing compressive strength by 306 %, 123 %, and 108 % after 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. The SC activator reduces fluidity in SC systems because CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> induces CaCO<sub>3</sub> precipitation. The SS–SA exhibits the best strength enhancing effect by leveraging the synergy of the Na<sup>+</sup>–SiO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>–AlO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> ternary system. This synergy optimizes the density of the gel network and considerably enhances the strength of HVLSC and reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per unit strength by 52.2 % of the carbon dioxide emission per unit strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-based meta model for predicting the performance of low-carbon concrete, considering the effects of multiple waste materials 考虑多种废弃物影响的低碳混凝土性能预测的人工智能元模型

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100364

Mehran Aziminezhad , Mahdi Shadabfar , Ahmed Bediwy , Eltayeb Mohamedelhassan

Low-carbon concrete incorporating waste materials offers significant environmental benefits while maintaining structural performance. However, designing an optimal mix of these waste materials is challenging due to their potential impact on the concrete properties. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel meta model that introduces a non-deterministic mix design framework and simultaneously optimizes four performance metrics: environmental (global warming potential), durability (rapid chloride permeability and bulk electrical resistivity), mechanical (compressive strength and splitting tensile strength), and workability (air content and slump). The model is trained using a hybrid dataset combining literature data with response surface methodology (RSM) generated samples. To this end, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network is trained to capture the effects of waste materials, including shredded rubber (SR), glass powder (GP), and biomass fly ash (BFA), on concrete performance and is further combined with Monte Carlo simulation to identify optimal mix designs based on specific performance targets. The results demonstrate the AI model’s accuracy in predicting concrete performance, as evidenced by statistical measures such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R²). This accuracy is further validated by comparing the AI predictions with laboratory concrete mix results. The results indicated that a 23.1% increase in compressive strength and an 83% decrease in chloride ion permeability were achieved by partially substituting 30% GP for cement. The incorporation of 15% BFA consistently reduced slump by 65% and increased air content by 49%. Moreover, the control mix had the highest GWP at 325 kg CO₂-eq/m³. Using 30% GP, 15% BFA, and 15% SR reduced it to 135 kg CO₂-eq/m³, a 41% decrease. Additionally, the back analysis provides optimized mix designs tailored to specific performance constraints. According to the specified target for designing low-carbon, chloride-resistant, and normal strength (45–55 MPa) concrete, a mixture of waste materials with SR = 3.2%, GP = 25.8%, and BFA = 7.4% is proposed by the developed meta model.

低碳混凝土采用废料，在保持结构性能的同时具有显著的环境效益。然而，由于这些废物对混凝土性能的潜在影响，设计这些废物的最佳组合是具有挑战性的。为了应对这一挑战，本文提出了一种新的元模型，该模型引入了非确定性混合设计框架，并同时优化了四个性能指标：环境（全球变暖潜势）、耐久性（快速氯化物渗透性和体积电阻率）、机械（抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度）和可操作性（空气含量和坍落度）。该模型使用结合文献数据和响应面法（RSM）生成样本的混合数据集进行训练。为此，训练多层感知器（MLP）神经网络来捕捉废料（包括碎橡胶（SR）、玻璃粉（GP）和生物质粉煤灰（BFA））对混凝土性能的影响，并进一步结合蒙特卡罗模拟来确定基于特定性能目标的最佳混合设计。结果证明了人工智能模型在预测混凝土性能方面的准确性，如均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和决定系数（R2）等统计指标。通过将人工智能预测结果与实验室混凝土混合结果进行比较，进一步验证了这种准确性。结果表明，用30% GP部分替代水泥，抗压强度提高23.1%，氯离子渗透性降低83%。15% BFA的掺入持续降低了65%的坍落度，增加了49%的空气含量。对照混合料的GWP最高，为325 kg co2当量/m3。使用30%的GP、15%的BFA和15%的SR将其降低到135 kg co2当量/m3，降低了41%。此外，反向分析提供了针对特定性能约束的优化混合设计。根据设计低碳、抗氯化物、标准强度（45-55 MPa）混凝土的指定目标，根据所建立的元模型，提出了SR = 3.2%、GP = 25.8%、BFA = 7.4%的废料配合比。

{"title":"AI-based meta model for predicting the performance of low-carbon concrete, considering the effects of multiple waste materials","authors":"Mehran Aziminezhad , Mahdi Shadabfar , Ahmed Bediwy , Eltayeb Mohamedelhassan","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-carbon concrete incorporating waste materials offers significant environmental benefits while maintaining structural performance. However, designing an optimal mix of these waste materials is challenging due to their potential impact on the concrete properties. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel meta model that introduces a non-deterministic mix design framework and simultaneously optimizes four performance metrics: environmental (global warming potential), durability (rapid chloride permeability and bulk electrical resistivity), mechanical (compressive strength and splitting tensile strength), and workability (air content and slump). The model is trained using a hybrid dataset combining literature data with response surface methodology (RSM) generated samples. To this end, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network is trained to capture the effects of waste materials, including shredded rubber (SR), glass powder (GP), and biomass fly ash (BFA), on concrete performance and is further combined with Monte Carlo simulation to identify optimal mix designs based on specific performance targets. The results demonstrate the AI model’s accuracy in predicting concrete performance, as evidenced by statistical measures such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>). This accuracy is further validated by comparing the AI predictions with laboratory concrete mix results. The results indicated that a 23.1% increase in compressive strength and an 83% decrease in chloride ion permeability were achieved by partially substituting 30% GP for cement. The incorporation of 15% BFA consistently reduced slump by 65% and increased air content by 49%. Moreover, the control mix had the highest GWP at 325 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/m<sup>3</sup>. Using 30% GP, 15% BFA, and 15% SR reduced it to 135 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/m<sup>3</sup>, a 41% decrease. Additionally, the back analysis provides optimized mix designs tailored to specific performance constraints. According to the specified target for designing low-carbon, chloride-resistant, and normal strength (45–55 MPa) concrete, a mixture of waste materials with SR = 3.2%, GP = 25.8%, and BFA = 7.4% is proposed by the developed meta model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilization of products from aqueous mineral carbonation of industrial residues as supplementary cementitious materials 工业废渣水矿物碳酸化产物作为补充胶凝材料的利用

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100369

Antonio Gasós , Marco Mazzotti , Frank Winnefeld

The rising demand for low-carbon construction materials and the declining availability of traditional supplementary cementitious materials have driven interest in alternative substitutes. Alkaline industrial residues—such as incineration ashes, cement kiln dusts, and steel slags—are abundant but often unsuitable for direct use in cement due to unfavorable chemical and mineralogical compositions. This study investigates the CO₂ uptake and the potential of six such residues for partial cement replacement after treatment through aqueous mineral carbonation, using both direct carbonation in water and indirect carbonation in aqueous ammonium nitrate. Direct carbonation forms carbonates within the residues, while indirect carbonation produces two separate streams: a calcium-depleted leached residue and precipitated calcium carbonate. Mortars incorporating directly carbonated residues generally achieved higher compressive strength than those with fresh and leached residues, at 30 wt% cement replacement, likely due to calcite-induced nucleation and the pozzolanic reactivity of silica-rich gels. Although overall reactivity was limited—suggesting low to moderate clinker replacement potential—both aqueous carbonation routes removed or stabilized deleterious phases such as free lime, alkalis, and chlorides, expanding the potential use of these residues in construction, either as cement substitutes or fine fillers. Leaching tests revealed changes in hazardous element mobility, with implications for regulatory classification. Market analysis showed that while the cement sector could absorb suitable supplementary cementitious materials at moderate replacement levels, the limited demand for high-purity precipitated calcium carbonate constrains indirect carbonation to select feedstocks. This study provides a comparative framework for integrating mineral carbonation products into construction, which would enable CO₂ storage and resource circularity.

对低碳建筑材料的需求不断增长，而传统补充胶凝材料的可用性不断下降，促使人们对替代材料产生了兴趣。碱性工业残留物——如焚烧灰烬、水泥窑粉尘和钢渣——储量丰富，但由于其不利的化学和矿物成分，往往不适合直接用于水泥。本研究研究了六种此类残留物在水矿物碳化处理后的CO2吸收和部分替代水泥的潜力，包括在水中直接碳化和在硝酸铵水中间接碳化。直接碳化作用在残留物中形成碳酸盐，而间接碳化作用产生两种不同的流：缺钙的浸出残渣和沉淀的碳酸钙。在30%的水泥替代量下，含有直接碳化渣的砂浆通常比含有新鲜渣和浸出渣的砂浆具有更高的抗压强度，这可能是由于方解石诱导成核和富硅凝胶的火山灰反应性。尽管总体反应性有限，表明替代熟料的潜力低至中等，但两种水炭化方法都能去除或稳定有害相，如游离石灰、碱和氯化物，扩大了这些残留物在建筑中的潜在用途，无论是作为水泥替代品还是细填料。浸出试验揭示了危险元素流动性的变化，对监管分类有影响。市场分析表明，虽然水泥部门可以以适度的替代水平吸收适当的补充胶凝材料，但对高纯度沉淀碳酸钙的有限需求限制了间接碳酸化选择原料。该研究为将矿物碳酸化产品整合到建筑中提供了一个比较框架，从而实现二氧化碳的储存和资源循环。

{"title":"Utilization of products from aqueous mineral carbonation of industrial residues as supplementary cementitious materials","authors":"Antonio Gasós , Marco Mazzotti , Frank Winnefeld","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for low-carbon construction materials and the declining availability of traditional supplementary cementitious materials have driven interest in alternative substitutes. Alkaline industrial residues—such as incineration ashes, cement kiln dusts, and steel slags—are abundant but often unsuitable for direct use in cement due to unfavorable chemical and mineralogical compositions. This study investigates the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake and the potential of six such residues for partial cement replacement after treatment through aqueous mineral carbonation, using both direct carbonation in water and indirect carbonation in aqueous ammonium nitrate. Direct carbonation forms carbonates within the residues, while indirect carbonation produces two separate streams: a calcium-depleted leached residue and precipitated calcium carbonate. Mortars incorporating directly carbonated residues generally achieved higher compressive strength than those with fresh and leached residues, at 30 wt% cement replacement, likely due to calcite-induced nucleation and the pozzolanic reactivity of silica-rich gels. Although overall reactivity was limited—suggesting low to moderate clinker replacement potential—both aqueous carbonation routes removed or stabilized deleterious phases such as free lime, alkalis, and chlorides, expanding the potential use of these residues in construction, either as cement substitutes or fine fillers. Leaching tests revealed changes in hazardous element mobility, with implications for regulatory classification. Market analysis showed that while the cement sector could absorb suitable supplementary cementitious materials at moderate replacement levels, the limited demand for high-purity precipitated calcium carbonate constrains indirect carbonation to select feedstocks. This study provides a comparative framework for integrating mineral carbonation products into construction, which would enable CO<sub>2</sub> storage and resource circularity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0