Cleaner Materials最新文献_第5页

3D-printable mortars incorporating municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash: Linking hydration to extrudability and mechanical performance 结合城市固体垃圾焚烧底灰的3d打印砂浆：将水化与挤压性和机械性能联系起来

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100358

Jiao-Long Zhang , Yong Yuan , Imoleayo Oluwatoyin Fatoyinbo , Lujie Zhou , Qing Liu

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash, when added as a mineral additive in printed concrete, promotes sustainable construction. In this study, the impact of using this ash on the rheological behavior, mechanical strength, and hydration of printable mortar was examined. MSWI bottom ash replaces cement in corresponding specimens labelled M−10, M−20, and M−30. The hydration behavior was analyzed using isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Rheological properties were assessed using a rheometer, penetration tests, and flow table tests. Additionally, the mechanical response of MSWI bottom ash-based printed mortar under compressive and flexural loading was evaluated. The results showed a reduction in calcium hydroxide content and formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate phases, enhancing hydration. Structuration rates were 11, 8.8, 12.3, and 7.5 kPa/min for M−0, M−10, M−20, and M−30, with M−20 achieving a 4 % increase over the reference mix. This increment is nontrivial because it results in an absolute increase of 8 layers and a 57 % relative improvement in buildability. The initial yield stress of M−20 was 0.55 kPa, classified as moderately stiff for extrusion and layer support. At 28 days, the anisotropy coefficient for flexural strength decreased from 0.159 in M−0 to 0.110 in M−20. The findings demonstrate that incorporating 20 % MSWI bottom ash enhances rheological performance and reduces the anisotropy coefficient. These improvements are due to the physical filler effect of fine ash particles and the pozzolanic reaction, which contribute to particle cohesion and the formation of C–S–H. Therefore, 20 % MSWI bottom ash is the optimal replacement level for 3D printable mortar.

城市固体垃圾焚烧（MSWI）底灰作为矿物添加剂添加到印刷混凝土中，促进可持续建筑。在这项研究中，研究了使用这种灰对可打印砂浆的流变行为、机械强度和水化的影响。MSWI底灰在相应的M−10、M−20和M−30样品中替代水泥。采用等温量热法、x射线衍射法、热重法和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析了水化行为。通过流变仪、渗透测试和流动表测试来评估流变性能。此外，还对MSWI底灰基印刷砂浆在压缩和弯曲载荷下的力学响应进行了评价。结果表明，氢氧化钙含量降低，形成额外的水合硅酸钙相，增强水化作用。M - 0、M - 10、M - 20和M - 30的结构速率分别为11,8.8,12.3和7.5 kPa/min，其中M - 20比参考混合物的结构速率提高了4%。这个增量是非常重要的，因为它导致了8层的绝对增加和57%的可构建性的相对改进。M−20的初始屈服应力为0.55 kPa，属于中等刚性，适合挤压和层状支撑。28 d时，抗弯强度各向异性系数从M−0时的0.159降至M−20时的0.110。结果表明，掺加20%的MSWI底灰可以提高流变性能，降低各向异性系数。这些改进是由于细灰颗粒的物理填充作用和火山灰反应，有助于颗粒内聚和C-S-H的形成。因此，20%的MSWI底灰是3D打印砂浆的最佳替代水平。

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引用次数: 0

Performance and environmental impacts of waste plastic-modified asphalt pavement: a comprehensive review 废塑料改性沥青路面性能及环境影响综述

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100357

Xingchi Wu , Euniza Jusli , Vivi Anggraini , Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya , Xinqiang Zhang

Plastic waste has become a major global concern due to its adverse environmental and human health impacts. Incorporating waste plastic into asphalt pavements provides a sustainable solution that reduces pollution while enhancing pavement performance. This review synthesises recent advances (2021–2025) in plastic-modified bitumen and asphalt by integrating engineering performance, environmental risk, and life cycle assessment (LCA) perspectives. It develops a clear framework that links material performance with environmental emissions and overall sustainability, and highlights key research gaps related to materials utilisation, microplastic release, recyclability and LCA. Findings indicate that plastic modification improves rutting resistance, fatigue life, and moisture durability, and reduces emissions of harmful substances during production and service, which aligns with SDG 12, 13, and 14. In addition, the integration of waste plastics into asphalt enables cleaner material pathways by minimising the reliance on virgin polymers and mitigating emissions during production and application stages. However, challenges such as poor plastic-bitumen compatibility and limited low-temperature flexibility persist. The review further highlights the need for standardised datasets, region-specific LCAs, and long-term field monitoring to ensure reliable environmental assessments. Overall, this study provides an updated synthesis and research roadmap for materials scientists, pavement engineers, and policymakers to advance the sustainable design, evaluation, and large-scale implementation of waste plastic-modified asphalt pavements within a circular-economy framework.

塑料废物因其对环境和人类健康的不利影响而成为全球关注的主要问题。将废塑料掺入沥青路面提供了一种可持续的解决方案，既能减少污染，又能提高路面性能。本文通过综合工程性能、环境风险和生命周期评估（LCA）的观点，综合了塑料改性沥青和沥青的最新进展（2021-2025）。它制定了一个清晰的框架，将材料性能与环境排放和整体可持续性联系起来，并强调了与材料利用、微塑料释放、可回收性和生命周期分析相关的关键研究差距。研究结果表明，塑料改性提高了车辙耐受性、疲劳寿命和防潮性，并减少了生产和服务过程中有害物质的排放，符合可持续发展目标12、13和14。此外，将废塑料整合到沥青中，通过最大限度地减少对原生聚合物的依赖，减少生产和应用阶段的排放，实现了更清洁的材料途径。然而，塑料-沥青相容性差和低温灵活性有限等挑战仍然存在。该审查进一步强调需要标准化数据集、特定区域的lca和长期实地监测，以确保可靠的环境评估。总体而言，本研究为材料科学家、路面工程师和政策制定者提供了一个最新的综合和研究路线图，以推进循环经济框架下废塑料改性沥青路面的可持续设计、评估和大规模实施。

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引用次数: 0

Challenges and opportunities of vitrimers for aerospace applications: a roadmap for industrial adoption 航空航天应用的玻璃体的挑战和机遇：工业采用的路线图

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100353

Bernard Mahoney , Kingsley Yeboah Gyabaah , Patrick Mensah , Anthony Kwasi Martey , Guoqiang Li

Vitrimer, a class of dynamically crosslinked polymers, exhibits a unique combination of processability and mechanical robustness, positioning them as a compelling alternative to conventional thermosets. By facilitating network rearrangement through exchangeable covalent bonds, these materials maintain their structural integrity while enabling reshaping, reprocessing, recycling, and damage self-healing. This capability addresses key limitations in aerospace composites, where heal-ability, recyclability, and thermal stability are critical design requirements. Despite these advantages, several challenges must be overcome before vitrimer can be fully integrated into aerospace applications. Mechanical strength, stiffness, and toughness, long-term durability under extreme operating conditions, and compatibility with automated composite manufacturing processes such as Automated Fiber Placement remain areas of active research. Recent studies indicate that vitrimer-based carbon fiber composites demonstrate improved performance metrics, particularly in impact resistance and damage tolerance, suggesting their viability for structural applications. However, further investigations are required to optimize resin formulations, refine processing parameters, incorporate multifunctionalities, and establish industry-standard testing protocols. Addressing these factors could enable the broader adoption of vitrimer, advancing the development of sustainable, high-performance aerospace materials. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) could be a powerful tool to help design and discover new multifunctional vitrimer for aerospace applications. The use of vitrimer in aerospace applications offers significant potential for reducing material waste, enhancing recyclability, and lowering lifecycle energy consumption, which aligns with the principles of cleaner materials and cleaner production and sustainable material engineering. This work bridges the knowledge gap between cleaner material design and system-level sustainability.

Vitrimer是一类动态交联聚合物，具有独特的可加工性和机械坚固性，使其成为传统热固性聚合物的有力替代品。通过可交换共价键促进网络重排，这些材料保持其结构完整性，同时实现重塑、再加工、回收和损伤自愈。这种能力解决了航空复合材料的关键限制，在航空复合材料中，可修复性、可回收性和热稳定性是关键的设计要求。尽管有这些优势，但在将vitrimer完全集成到航空航天应用之前，还必须克服几个挑战。机械强度、刚度和韧性、极端操作条件下的长期耐久性以及与自动化复合材料制造工艺（如自动纤维放置）的兼容性仍然是积极研究的领域。最近的研究表明，玻璃体基碳纤维复合材料的性能指标有所提高，特别是在抗冲击性和损伤容忍度方面，这表明它们在结构应用方面是可行的。然而，需要进一步的研究来优化树脂配方，完善加工参数，整合多功能，并建立行业标准测试协议。解决这些因素可以使玻璃体得到更广泛的采用，推动可持续、高性能航空航天材料的发展。人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）可以成为帮助设计和发现用于航空航天应用的新型多功能聚合物的强大工具。在航空航天应用中使用玻璃体为减少材料浪费、提高可回收性和降低生命周期能耗提供了巨大的潜力，这符合更清洁材料、更清洁生产和可持续材料工程的原则。这项工作弥合了清洁材料设计和系统级可持续性之间的知识差距。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting the hydraulic conductivity of fly ash-clay landfill liners with interpretable ensemble learning 用可解释集合学习预测粉煤灰-粘土填埋衬垫的水力导电性

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100350

Manikanta Devarangadi , Syed Sadath Ali , Praveen Ashok Madalageri , Akash Biradar , Divesh Ranjan Kumar , Warit Wipulanusat

The hydraulic conductivity (HC) is critical for assessing the long-term performance of landfill liners. The HC of compacted fly ash‒clay mixes was modeled using six tree-based ensembles, including RF, GBR, XGB, BR, HGBR, and ABR. The laboratory datasets consisted of 146 mixes with 10 standard inputs. The models are tuned by Bayesian optimization (Optuna-TPE) with 5 × 3 cross-validation for 50 trials per model. XGB performs best, with Test R² = 0.8937, CV R² = 0.8073 and Training R² = 0.9997. The errors remained low (RMSE ≈ 0.625; MAPE ≈ 0.055), whereas the other models also exhibited strong fits (training R²: 0.92–0.9996) and confirmed model reliability. The innovation is a unified, reproducible workflow: leakage-free Z score scaling, Optuna-tuned ensembles, SHAP explanation, leave-one-feature-out tests and uncertainty via split conformal prediction. SHAP ranks fly ash (%) and fines (%) as dominant. The liquid limit and MDD/OMC have secondary yet meaningful effects. A clear trend appears for high fly ash; mixes above ∼ 60 % FA drive HC down rapidly. External-style validation (grouped holdouts) confirms good performance in well-represented regimes. For practice, designs are accepted when the 95 % upper prediction interval of log₁₀(HC) stays below the project limit. The approach provides accurate, explainable, and risk-aware HC prediction for fly ash‒clay liners.

水导率（HC）是评价填埋场衬垫长期性能的关键。采用RF、GBR、XGB、BR、HGBR和ABR等6种基于树木的组合模型对粉煤灰-粘土混合料的HC进行了建模。实验室数据集由146个混合和10个标准输入组成。采用贝叶斯优化（Optuna-TPE）对模型进行调整，每个模型50次试验进行5 × 3交叉验证。XGB表现最好，Test R2 = 0.8937, CV R2 = 0.8073, Training R2 = 0.9997。误差仍然很低（RMSE≈0.625;MAPE≈0.055），而其他模型也表现出较强的拟合（训练R2: 0.92-0.9996），并证实了模型的可靠性。创新之处在于一个统一的、可重复的工作流程：无泄漏的Z分数缩放、optuna调谐的集成、SHAP解释、遗漏一个特征的测试和通过拆分保形预测的不确定性。SHAP将粉煤灰（%）和细粉（%）列为主要成分。液限和MDD/OMC具有次要但有意义的影响。高飞灰有明显的趋势；超过60% FA的混合物可迅速降低HC。外部风格的验证（分组坚持）证实了在代表性良好的制度下的良好表现。在实践中，当95%的上预测区间log10（HC）低于项目限制时，设计被接受。该方法为粉煤灰-粘土衬里提供了准确、可解释且具有风险意识的HC预测。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects of microwave curing regimes on early, mid, and long-term strengths and microstructural performance of fly ash-slag based 3D-printed geopolymers 微波固化对粉煤灰-矿渣基3d打印地聚合物早期、中期和长期强度及微观结构性能的协同效应

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100343

Muhammad Kashif Anwar , Xingyi Zhu , Yating Zhang , Jiakang Wang , Yumiao Wu , Francisco A. Gilabert

This study investigates the synergistic effects of microwave heating on the early, mid, and long-term flexural and compressive strengths of fly ash-slag-based 3D-printed geopolymers. Results show that flexural strength reaches its peak with 30–45 s of microwave heating at 1260 W, while compressive strength is maximized with 15–30 s of heating at 1800 W. Thermal analysis indicates gel dehydration and carbonate decomposition, with greater mass loss at longer microwave heating times. XRD, FTIR, and SEM collectively confirm the formation of C-A-S-H gels, calcite, and enhanced geopolymerization and densification over time, which contributes to improved mechanical properties. MIP analysis reveals that extended microwave curing increases overall porosity and coarsens the pore structure, which presents a trade-off between achieving high ultra-early strength and maintaining optimal long-term microstructural density. Microwave curing accelerates early strength development while maintaining durability, offering a rapid, low-carbon, and energy-efficient alternative for sustainable 3D-printed construction. These findings underline the potential of microwave-cured geopolymers to replace OPC in additive manufacturing, optimizing performance while significantly reducing the environmental impact of construction. This approach supports the principles of cleaner production by valorizing industrial waste (fly ash and slag) and reducing the energy footprint of the curing process.

本研究考察了微波加热对粉煤灰-矿渣基3d打印地聚合物的早期、中期和长期抗弯抗压强度的协同效应。结果表明：1260 W微波加热30 ~ 45 s时抗折强度最大，1800 W加热15 ~ 30 s时抗压强度最大；热分析表明凝胶脱水和碳酸盐分解，微波加热时间越长，质量损失越大。XRD、FTIR和SEM共同证实了C-A-S-H凝胶和方解石的形成，并随着时间的推移增强了地聚合和致密化，这有助于提高机械性能。MIP分析表明，延长微波固化时间会增加整体孔隙率，使孔隙结构变粗，从而在获得高超早期强度和保持最佳长期微观结构密度之间做出权衡。微波固化加速了早期强度的发展，同时保持了耐久性，为可持续的3d打印建筑提供了快速、低碳和节能的替代方案。这些发现强调了微波固化地聚合物在增材制造中取代OPC的潜力，优化了性能，同时显著减少了施工对环境的影响。这种方法通过使工业废物（粉煤灰和炉渣）增值和减少固化过程的能源足迹来支持清洁生产原则。

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引用次数: 0

Utilization of tunnel waste slurry and steel slag for preparation of backfill grouting materials: Properties and hydration behavior 利用隧道废浆和钢渣制备充填注浆材料：性能及水化行为

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100341

Jianshuai Hao , Zuojiang Lin , Qiang Wang , Kuizhen Fang , Yanchang Zhou , Shiyu Zhuang

The utilization of steel slag (SS) and tunnel shield muck (including tunnel sand (TS) and mud cake (TM)) for the preparation of synchronous grouting materials is a key technological pathway to enhance the recycling of industrial solid waste and achieve decarbonization goals in tunnel engineering. This study proposes a novel ternary cementitious system composed of SS, fly ash (FA), and cement, utilizing TS and TM generated from the shield tunneling construction on the Tianxiang Avenue section of Nanchang as fine aggregates for the preparation of synchronous grouting materials. The mechanical, rheological, hydration characteristics, and hardening mechanisms of the developed grouting materials were systematically evaluated. The results show that when the SS content is 20 %–30 % and the TS:TM ratio is 7:3, the 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) reaches 5.85 MPa, which is 24.5 % higher than that of the traditional cement-FA system. Additionally, the flow diameter of the slurry increases to 280 mm, and the bleeding rate is reduced to less than 1 %. At 20 % SS content, the slurry’s yield stress and viscosity significantly increase, enhancing structural stability. However, excessive SS content weakens the network integrity. As the TS:TM ratio increases, the yield stress and thixotropy of the slurry also increase. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the highly alkaline microenvironment generated by the early hydration of cement clinker promotes the depolymerization of the amorphous phase in SS and the aluminosilicate glass phase in FA. The hydroxyl ions released by the hydration of SS further accelerate the dissolution and reaction of the active components in FA, significantly promoting the formation of C-S-H gel and densifying the skeleton structure. The Ca²⁺ provided by the FA participate in the formation of C-S-H, resulting in a pronounced synergistic effect. This study elucidates the synergistic activation mechanism of shield muck and SS and their coupled impact on the macro- and micro-performance of the grouting material. It provides a theoretical basis and engineering strategy for the high-value utilization of shield muck in backfill grouting, which aligns with the principles of cleaner production and sustainable material engineering by turning waste into valuable resources, reducing carbon footprint, and minimizing environmental impact.

利用钢渣（SS）和隧道盾构渣土（包括隧道砂（TS）和泥饼（TM））制备同步注浆材料，是隧道工程中提高工业固体废弃物资源化、实现脱碳目标的关键技术途径。本研究利用南昌天翔大道段盾构施工产生的TS和TM作为细骨料制备同步灌浆材料，提出了一种新型的SS、粉煤灰、水泥三元胶凝体系。对所研制的注浆材料的力学、流变、水化特性及硬化机理进行了系统评价。结果表明：当SS掺量为20% ~ 30%，TS:TM比为7:3时，28天无侧限抗压强度（UCS）达到5.85 MPa，比传统水泥- fa体系提高24.5%；此外，浆料的流动直径增加到280 mm，出血率降低到1%以下。当SS含量为20%时，浆料的屈服应力和粘度显著增加，结构稳定性增强。但是，过多的SS内容会削弱网络的完整性。随着TS:TM比的增大，料浆的屈服应力和触变性也增大。机理分析表明，水泥熟料早期水化产生的高碱性微环境促进了SS中的非晶相和FA中的铝硅酸盐玻璃相的解聚。SS水化释放的羟基离子进一步加速了FA中活性组分的溶解和反应，显著促进了C-S-H凝胶的形成，使骨架结构致密化。FA提供的Ca2+参与C-S-H的形成，产生明显的协同效应。本研究阐明了盾构渣与SS的协同活化机理及其对注浆材料宏、微观性能的耦合影响。为盾构土在回填注浆中的高价值利用提供了理论基础和工程策略，符合清洁生产和可持续材料工程的原则，将废物转化为有价值的资源，减少碳足迹，最大限度地减少环境影响。

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引用次数: 0

A critical review of fiber reinforced polymer bars: a scientometric and visualization analysis 纤维增强聚合物棒材的评述：科学计量和可视化分析

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100325

Zhengyuan Yue , Kefeng Ouyang , Xin Yao , Kang Hu , Lei Li

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, due to their excellent mechanical and chemical properties, have emerged as environmentally friendly and low-carbon cleaner materials and are widely applied in the field of civil engineering. To precisely capture the development dynamics and trends in the field of FRP bars, this article selects the literature in the Web of Science core database (SCI, SSCI) as the research object. By employing bibliometric methods, a comprehensive analysis and summary of the relevant research progress of FRP bars were carried out. The annual publication volume, journal source distribution, country/regional distribution, institutional affiliation, author composition, highly cited papers, and cutting-edge research directions of the literature were emphatically examined. Moreover, the VOSviewer software was used to construct a knowledge graph. The study reveals essential information in the field of FRP bars, specifically including core data such as major journals, influential countries, institutions, and academic papers. Keyword analysis reveals that the durability of FRP bars is currently a hot topic of research. In addition, the mechanical properties of FRP bars under extreme conditions (e.g., high strain rates, strong corrosive environments, etc.) and the cross-application with machine learning and neural network technologies are considered as potential hotspots for future research in this field. Through bibliometric analysis, this paper systematically reviews the research history of FRP bars and provides reasonable planning suggestions for subsequent scholar in this field.

纤维增强聚合物（FRP）筋由于其优异的力学和化学性能，已成为一种环保、低碳的清洁材料，在土木工程领域得到了广泛的应用。为了准确捕捉FRP筋领域的发展动态和趋势，本文选择了Web of Science核心数据库（SCI， SSCI）中的文献作为研究对象。采用文献计量学方法，对FRP筋的相关研究进展进行了全面的分析和总结。重点考察了文献的年出版量、期刊来源分布、国家/地区分布、机构归属、作者构成、高被引论文、前沿研究方向等。利用VOSviewer软件构建知识图谱。该研究揭示了FRP筋领域的基本信息，特别是包括主要期刊、有影响力的国家、机构和学术论文等核心数据。关键词分析表明，FRP筋耐久性是目前研究的热点问题。此外，FRP筋在极端条件下（如高应变率、强腐蚀环境等）的力学性能以及与机器学习和神经网络技术的交叉应用被认为是该领域未来研究的潜在热点。通过文献计量分析，系统回顾FRP筋的研究历史，为后续该领域的学者提供合理的规划建议。

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引用次数: 0

Upcycling high-impact polystyrene waste into fiber membranes incorporated with titania for water filtration applications 将高冲击聚苯乙烯废物升级为含有二氧化钛的纤维膜，用于水过滤应用

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100337

Muhammad Fahroji , Ratih Amalia , Bagas Haqi Arrosyid , Putri Hawa Syaifie , Muhammad Miftah Jauhar , Afif Akmal Afkauni , Arramel , Didik Aryanto , Akmal Zulfi , Alfian Noviyanto

The extensive use of plastics has led to a significant increase in solid waste, necessitating innovative approaches for waste management and resource recovery. This study presents an upcycling pathway by synthesizing fiber membranes from high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) waste combined with TiO₂ through electrospinning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to fabricate HIPS-TiO₂ membranes for water filtration and photocatalytic applications. The inclusion of TiO₂ enhanced membrane morphology by increasing fiber diameter and optimizing porosity, with the 0.5 wt% TiO₂ composition yielding bead-free fibers and the smallest porosity. While TiO₂ did not alter the water contact angle (WCA), it significantly improved membrane performance. Pseudo-first order kinetic fits (k = 0.0027–0.0037 h⁻¹, R² up to 0.975) demonstrate rapid MB degradation, with 0.5 wt% TiO₂ reaches complete removal within 1.5 h under ultraviolet light, outperforming other compositions. The membranes achieved a pure water flux (PWF) of 589.7 ± 1.22 Lm^-2h⁻¹ and demonstrated excellent rejection rates of over 95 % for antacid suspensions. These results highlight the potential of HIPS-TiO₂ membranes as a sustainable alternative to conventional filtration materials, addressing both plastic waste and water purification challenges. Future research could explore the long-term stability and scalability of these membranes for industrial water treatment applications, further advancing their contribution to the circular economy.

塑料的广泛使用导致固体废物的显著增加，需要创新的废物管理和资源回收方法。本研究提出了以高冲击聚苯乙烯（HIPS）废料为原料，通过静电纺丝结合TiO2合成纤维膜的升级回收途径。据我们所知，这是第一个制造用于水过滤和光催化应用的HIPS-TiO2膜的研究。TiO2的加入通过增加纤维直径和优化孔隙率来改善膜的形态，0.5 wt%的TiO2成分产生无珠纤维和最小孔隙率。TiO2没有改变水接触角（water contact angle， WCA），但显著提高了膜的性能。准一级动力学拟合（k = 0.0027-0.0037 h - 1， R2高达0.975）表明MB降解速度很快，0.5 wt%的TiO2在紫外光下1.5 h内完全去除，优于其他组合物。该膜的纯水通量（PWF）为589.7±1.22 Lm-2h−1，对抗酸悬浮液的去除率超过95%。这些结果突出了HIPS-TiO2膜作为传统过滤材料的可持续替代品的潜力，解决了塑料废物和水净化的挑战。未来的研究可以探索这些膜在工业水处理中的长期稳定性和可扩展性，进一步推进它们对循环经济的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a mineralogically replicated Martian regolith simulant informed by Martian meteorites 由火星陨石提供信息的矿物学上复制的火星风化模拟物的发展

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100336

Yutong Deng, Feng Li, Siqi Zhou, Xinyang Tao, Jiayuan Liu, Zhiqian Lin

Martian regolith simulants play a critical role in scientific research, payload testing, and in situ resource utilization (ISRU) experiments. However, the absence of actual Martian soil samples limits the accuracy of current simulants in replicating the complex mineralogical and geochemical properties of Martian regolith. Existing Mars simulants lacked comprehensive mineralogical characterization of Martian regolith due to the absence of direct samples available for laboratory analysis, with Martian meteorites serving as the only feasible samples for experimental research on Martian materials thus far. This study introduces BH-Mars-S, a mineralogically replicated Martian regolith simulant, informed by the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the typical shergottite Taoudenni 002 micro-region characterization techniques, including electron probe micro-analyzer, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence, were employed to systematically characterize the primary minerals in meteorite, guiding the selection of analogous single minerals for simulant preparation. The BH-Mars-S simulant comprises carefully selected plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and chromite in the proportion of 0.46:0.3:0.22:0.02, closely mirroring the crystal structure, geochemical composition, and bulk properties of the reference meteorite and authentic Martian regolith. The development of BH-Mars-S establishes a sustainable standard for the production of simulant prototypes, offering adjustable granularity and multi-mineral particle proportions. By enabling repeated, high-fidelity ground-based validation without consuming scarce extraterrestrial resources, it serves as a reliable and low-impact substitute for Mars research applications, including rover testing, dust-interaction studies, and ISRU experiments.

火星风化层模拟物在科学研究、有效载荷测试和原位资源利用（ISRU）实验中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，由于缺乏实际的火星土壤样本，限制了目前模拟火星风化层复杂矿物学和地球化学性质的准确性。由于缺乏可用于实验室分析的直接样本，现有的火星模拟物缺乏对火星风化层的全面矿物学表征，火星陨石是迄今为止对火星物质进行实验研究的唯一可行样本。本文介绍了矿物学上复制的火星风化层模拟物BH-Mars-S，根据典型的Taoudenni 002辉长石的矿物学和地球化学特征，采用电子探针微量分析仪、拉曼光谱、x射线衍射和x射线荧光等微区表征技术，对陨石中的原生矿物进行了系统表征，指导了模拟制备中类似单一矿物的选择。BH-Mars-S模拟物由精心挑选的斜长石、辉石、橄榄石和铬铁矿组成，比例为0.46:0.3:0.22:0.02，与参考陨石和真实火星风化层的晶体结构、地球化学组成和体积性质非常接近。BH-Mars-S的开发为模拟原型的生产建立了可持续的标准，提供可调节的粒度和多矿物颗粒比例。通过在不消耗稀缺的地外资源的情况下实现重复、高保真的地面验证，它可以作为火星研究应用的可靠和低影响的替代品，包括火星车测试、尘埃相互作用研究和ISRU实验。

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引用次数: 0

Self-cleaning solar steam generator based on engineered carbonized waste tea photothermal layer 基于工程炭化废茶光热层的自清洁太阳能蒸汽发生器

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100327

Farid Mahjoub, Behzad Naghdi, Farzaneh Arabpour Roghabadi

In this work, an efficient, eco-friendly, self-cleaning, and low-cost solar steam generator with a reverse conical-shape is fabricated using carbonized waste tea as a photothermal layer. Waste tea is carbonized through three different methods comprising heating in the furnace at high temperature, pyrolysis process, and mild carbonization utilizing aluminophosphate solution. Among the three processes used, thermal treatment in the furnace (CWTF-400) results in the highest performance due to its superior characteristics, which are applicable in this field. Using a conical configuration for the photothermal layer, making device independent of light orientation and self-cleaning. Taking the advantages of the conical configuration, not only the incident photons are absorbed more efficiently, but also salt deposition is localized at the edge. Remarkably, because of the provided self-cleaning property, salt crystals dissolve back into the bulk water in 11 h. Treating CWTF-400 device with sodium alginate, the water supply is improved, leading to roughly no salt crystal formation in artificial seawater experiment and the reduction of time duration of salt crystals dissolving to 5.5 h at 20 wt% saline solution. Additionally, it could considerably improve the overall performance of device in potable water experiments. A remarkable evaporation rate of 2.93 kg.m⁻².h⁻¹ and an efficiency of 97.51 % are achieved for CWTF-400 + SA device. Under real conditions, after 7 h of desalination in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, no salt crystals are formed. This study advances the principles of sustainable material use by converting biowaste (waste tea) into a functional photothermal layer for water purification, minimizing dependence on synthetic or hazardous substances.

在这项工作中，利用碳化的废茶作为光热层，制造了一个高效、环保、自清洁、低成本的反锥形太阳能蒸汽发生器。废茶通过炉内高温加热、热解和磷酸铝溶液温和碳化三种不同的方法进行炭化。在使用的三种工艺中，炉内热处理（CWTF-400）因其优越的特性而具有最高的性能，适用于该领域。光热层采用锥形结构，使器件不受光取向的影响，具有自洁性。利用锥形结构的优点，不仅能有效地吸收入射光子，而且能使盐沉积局限于边缘。值得注意的是，由于所提供的自清洁性能，盐晶体在11 h后溶解回大块水中。用海藻酸钠处理CWTF-400装置，改善了供水量，导致人工海水实验中基本不形成盐晶体，盐晶体溶解时间缩短到20%盐溶液下的5.5 h。此外，该装置在饮用水实验中的整体性能也得到了显著提高。CWTF-400 + SA装置的蒸发速率为2.93 kg.m−2.h−1，效率为97.51%。在实际条件下，在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中脱盐7 h后，未形成盐晶体。本研究通过将生物废物（废茶）转化为功能性光热层来净化水，从而最大限度地减少对合成物质或有害物质的依赖，从而提出了可持续材料利用的原则。

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引用次数: 0