Cleaner Materials最新文献

{"title":"Multiscale investigation of aged asphalt rejuvenation by treated waste cooking oil: Molecular diffusion kinetics, interfacial fusion, and microstructural restoration","authors":"Zhi Zheng ,&nbsp;Naisheng Guo ,&nbsp;Yiqiu Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the rejuvenation mechanisms of aged asphalt using treated waste cooking oil (TWCO) through an integrated molecular dynamics and experimental approach. The reliable point-contact diffusion models were established and validated by density and glass transition temperature calculations, confirming the accuracy of our molecular representations. Differences in solubility parameters between systems were quantitatively analyzed to assess compatibility. Temperature-dependent molecular mobility was characterized through mean square displacement and diffusion coefficient calculations across virgin, aged, and rejuvenated asphalt systems. The layered-contact diffusion models were developed to calculate fusion coefficients, providing quantitative metrics for evaluating TWCO’s effectiveness in restoring the diffusion and fusion capabilities of aged asphalt. Furthermore, interfacial binding energies between heterogeneous material systems were computed to investigate interface stability. Experimental validation was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to track functional group evolution and atomic force microscopy to assess microstructural recovery. Key findings demonstrated that the solubility parameter differences between TWCO and aged asphalt, as well as between rejuvenated and virgin asphalt, were consistently below 2.1 (J·cm⁻³)^1/2, indicating excellent compatibility. Across all simulated temperatures, the diffusion coefficients of rejuvenated asphalt exceeded those of aged asphalt, confirming partial restoration of molecular diffusion capacity and microscopic mobility in the aged system. Moreover, compared to the virgin-aged asphalt interface model, the TWCO-rejuvenated system exhibited significantly enhanced fusion coefficients, interfacial energy, and work of adhesion. After TWCO incorporation, the peak intensities of polar functional groups in aged asphalt progressively diminished, while surface homogeneity improved—evidenced by increased quantity yet reduced size of “bee-like structures” and lower roughness parameters. This work provides fundamental insights into the diffusion-fusion mechanisms of TWCO in aged asphalt at multiple scales and establishes a robust computational-experimental framework for developing sustainable asphalt recycling technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of microwave curing regimes on early, mid, and long-term strengths and microstructural performance of fly ash-slag based 3D-printed geopolymers","authors":"Muhammad Kashif Anwar ,&nbsp;Xingyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Yating Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiakang Wang ,&nbsp;Yumiao Wu ,&nbsp;Francisco A. Gilabert","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synergistic effects of microwave heating on the early, mid, and long-term flexural and compressive strengths of fly ash-slag-based 3D-printed geopolymers. Results show that flexural strength reaches its peak with 30–45 s of microwave heating at 1260 W, while compressive strength is maximized with 15–30 s of heating at 1800 W. Thermal analysis indicates gel dehydration and carbonate decomposition, with greater mass loss at longer microwave heating times. XRD, FTIR, and SEM collectively confirm the formation of C-A-S-H gels, calcite, and enhanced geopolymerization and densification over time, which contributes to improved mechanical properties. MIP analysis reveals that extended microwave curing increases overall porosity and coarsens the pore structure, which presents a trade-off between achieving high ultra-early strength and maintaining optimal long-term microstructural density. Microwave curing accelerates early strength development while maintaining durability, offering a rapid, low-carbon, and energy-efficient alternative for sustainable 3D-printed construction. These findings underline the potential of microwave-cured geopolymers to replace OPC in additive manufacturing, optimizing performance while significantly reducing the environmental impact of construction. This approach supports the principles of cleaner production by valorizing industrial waste (fly ash and slag) and reducing the energy footprint of the curing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of tunnel waste slurry and steel slag for preparation of backfill grouting materials: Properties and hydration behavior","authors":"Jianshuai Hao ,&nbsp;Zuojiang Lin ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Kuizhen Fang ,&nbsp;Yanchang Zhou ,&nbsp;Shiyu Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of steel slag (SS) and tunnel shield muck (including tunnel sand (TS) and mud cake (TM)) for the preparation of synchronous grouting materials is a key technological pathway to enhance the recycling of industrial solid waste and achieve decarbonization goals in tunnel engineering. This study proposes a novel ternary cementitious system composed of SS, fly ash (FA), and cement, utilizing TS and TM generated from the shield tunneling construction on the Tianxiang Avenue section of Nanchang as fine aggregates for the preparation of synchronous grouting materials. The mechanical, rheological, hydration characteristics, and hardening mechanisms of the developed grouting materials were systematically evaluated. The results show that when the SS content is 20 %–30 % and the TS:TM ratio is 7:3, the 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) reaches 5.85 MPa, which is 24.5 % higher than that of the traditional cement-FA system. Additionally, the flow diameter of the slurry increases to 280 mm, and the bleeding rate is reduced to less than 1 %. At 20 % SS content, the slurry’s yield stress and viscosity significantly increase, enhancing structural stability. However, excessive SS content weakens the network integrity. As the TS:TM ratio increases, the yield stress and thixotropy of the slurry also increase. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the highly alkaline microenvironment generated by the early hydration of cement clinker promotes the depolymerization of the amorphous phase in SS and the aluminosilicate glass phase in FA. The hydroxyl ions released by the hydration of SS further accelerate the dissolution and reaction of the active components in FA, significantly promoting the formation of C-S-H gel and densifying the skeleton structure. The Ca²⁺ provided by the FA participate in the formation of C-S-H, resulting in a pronounced synergistic effect. This study elucidates the synergistic activation mechanism of shield muck and SS and their coupled impact on the macro- and micro-performance of the grouting material. It provides a theoretical basis and engineering strategy for the high-value utilization of shield muck in backfill grouting, which aligns with the principles of cleaner production and sustainable material engineering by turning waste into valuable resources, reducing carbon footprint, and minimizing environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of prefab shelter using bamboo culms and bamboo bio-concrete for emergency scenarios","authors":"Carla Magalhães Lima ,&nbsp;Marco Felipe Fialho Santos ,&nbsp;Vanessa Maria Andreola ,&nbsp;M'hamed Yassin Rajiv da Gloria ,&nbsp;Romildo Dias Toledo Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise in forcibly displaced individuals has prompted the need for the construction of emergency support units. However, as the need for shelters grows, so does the demand for conventional materials, which are potential emitters of carbon dioxide. To interrupt this cycle, building with alternative materials needs to be further examined. This study aims to present a prefabricated modular constructive system for a shelter composed of prefabricated pieces with a moso bamboo culms structure and bamboo bio-concrete panels. Studies were conducted on form, environmental comfort, and how to provide adaptability of the shelter’s space. The bio-concrete, the bamboo culms with three different configurations and the connection of the shelter were experimentally analyzed. The bio-concrete studied was produced with 45% of bamboo waste in volume and mechanically characterized. The compressive tests of the bamboo structural system pointed out that the beam diaphragm positioned on the center of the fish mouth was the best configuration for this type of orthogonal fitting. This setup presented a maximum stress of 9.12 MPa, being 1.33 times greater than the alternative with internode in the center of the fish mouth. The tensile tests with anchored joints indicated an average maximum load of 3.66 kN. The modular architecture with the constructive system proposed was analyzed applying the direct stiffness method, obtaining satisfactory results for its use in different locations in Brazil, due to the material availability and mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel carbonation curing of cementitious materials using different amine absorbents","authors":"Farzad Rezaeicherati,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Tale Masoule,&nbsp;Joshua Prabahar,&nbsp;Ali Ghahremaninezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonation curing offers a promising solution for improving the physical and mechanical properties of cement-based materials while reducing their carbon footprint. However, challenges such as limited CO₂ diffusion within cement matrices hinder the full potential of this method. To overcome these limitations, this study introduced a novel approach using pre-carbonated amine solutions as CO₂ absorbents. Three different amines including monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and piperazine (PZ) were evaluated at the concentrations of 0.5 %, 5 %, and 15 % as mixing solution and at 30 % as curing solution. The study assessed CO₂ sequestration potential using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical and physical properties using compressive strength tests, water absorption, and dry density measurements. The results demonstrated that carbonated solutions as mixing agents significantly enhanced carbonation, with MEA and DEA outperforming PZ. In terms of mechanical properties, amine solutions at concentrations of 0.5 % and 5 % as mixing agents maintained compressive strength, while higher concentrations caused strength reduction due to the retardation effects of amines. This study identified carbonated MEA and DEA solutions at 5 % concentration as optimal mixing agents, achieving significant improvement in CO₂ sequestration, while reducing water absorption and maintaining mechanical properties. FTIR and TGA identified calcite as the primary polymorph of calcium carbonate in the carbonated pastes with amines. In contrast, amine solutions as curing solutions showed limited potential for both carbonation and strength improvement. These findings provide a pathway for developing more efficient carbonation curing methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling high-impact polystyrene waste into fiber membranes incorporated with titania for water filtration applications","authors":"Muhammad Fahroji ,&nbsp;Ratih Amalia ,&nbsp;Bagas Haqi Arrosyid ,&nbsp;Putri Hawa Syaifie ,&nbsp;Muhammad Miftah Jauhar ,&nbsp;Afif Akmal Afkauni ,&nbsp;Arramel ,&nbsp;Didik Aryanto ,&nbsp;Akmal Zulfi ,&nbsp;Alfian Noviyanto","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of plastics has led to a significant increase in solid waste, necessitating innovative approaches for waste management and resource recovery. This study presents an upcycling pathway by synthesizing fiber membranes from high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) waste combined with TiO₂ through electrospinning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to fabricate HIPS-TiO₂ membranes for water filtration and photocatalytic applications. The inclusion of TiO₂ enhanced membrane morphology by increasing fiber diameter and optimizing porosity, with the 0.5 wt% TiO₂ composition yielding bead-free fibers and the smallest porosity. While TiO₂ did not alter the water contact angle (WCA), it significantly improved membrane performance. Pseudo-first order kinetic fits (k = 0.0027–0.0037  h⁻¹, R² up to 0.975) demonstrate rapid MB degradation, with 0.5 wt% TiO₂ reaches complete removal within 1.5 h under ultraviolet light, outperforming other compositions. The membranes achieved a pure water flux (PWF) of 589.7 ± 1.22 Lm^-2h⁻¹ and demonstrated excellent rejection rates of over 95 % for antacid suspensions. These results highlight the potential of HIPS-TiO₂ membranes as a sustainable alternative to conventional filtration materials, addressing both plastic waste and water purification challenges. Future research could explore the long-term stability and scalability of these membranes for industrial water treatment applications, further advancing their contribution to the circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a mineralogically replicated Martian regolith simulant informed by Martian meteorites","authors":"Yutong Deng,&nbsp;Feng Li,&nbsp;Siqi Zhou,&nbsp;Xinyang Tao,&nbsp;Jiayuan Liu,&nbsp;Zhiqian Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Martian regolith simulants play a critical role in scientific research, payload testing, and in situ resource utilization (ISRU) experiments. However, the absence of actual Martian soil samples limits the accuracy of current simulants in replicating the complex mineralogical and geochemical properties of Martian regolith. Existing Mars simulants lacked comprehensive mineralogical characterization of Martian regolith due to the absence of direct samples available for laboratory analysis, with Martian meteorites serving as the only feasible samples for experimental research on Martian materials thus far. This study introduces BH-Mars-S, a mineralogically replicated Martian regolith simulant, informed by the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the typical shergottite Taoudenni 002 micro-region characterization techniques, including electron probe micro-analyzer, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence, were employed to systematically characterize the primary minerals in meteorite, guiding the selection of analogous single minerals for simulant preparation. The BH-Mars-S simulant comprises carefully selected plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and chromite in the proportion of 0.46:0.3:0.22:0.02, closely mirroring the crystal structure, geochemical composition, and bulk properties of the reference meteorite and authentic Martian regolith. The development of BH-Mars-S establishes a sustainable standard for the production of simulant prototypes, offering adjustable granularity and multi-mineral particle proportions. By enabling repeated, high-fidelity ground-based validation without consuming scarce extraterrestrial resources, it serves as a reliable and low-impact substitute for Mars research applications, including rover testing, dust-interaction studies, and ISRU experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing plastic bottle cap waste in controlled low-strength material for pavement base applications","authors":"Pattharaphon Chindasiriphan ,&nbsp;Chayanit Punyasuth ,&nbsp;Kantipok Hamcumpai ,&nbsp;Nakares Kongmalai ,&nbsp;Pitcha Jongvivatsakul ,&nbsp;Thanakorn Chompoorat ,&nbsp;Weeradetch Tanapalungkorn ,&nbsp;Suched Likitlersuang","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic waste, particularly polypropylene bottle caps, presents a growing disposal challenge due to limited recycling potential. This study offers a sustainable solution by repurposing these caps as plastic aggregate (PA) in controlled low-strength material (CLSM) for pavement applications. Both cement-based and alkali-activated material (AAM)-based binders were evaluated. The AAM binder was produced from high-calcium fly ash activated with sodium hydroxide, without requiring heat curing. Natural river sand was partially replaced with PA at 10–30 % by volume. Experimental evaluations covered flowability, bleeding, unit weight, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), resilient modulus (M_R), and free-free resonance tests. Results showed that increasing PA content reduced slump flow, density, and mechanical performance, while bleeding behavior varied with binder type. At 10 % PA, cement-based CLSM exhibited a 31.6 % reduction in 28-day UCS and a 20 % drop in M_R. AAM-based CLSM showed a reduction of 1 MPa in UCS and 4.7 % in M_R for every 10 % PA added. Free-free resonance tests confirmed reduced stiffness in both systems. Despite the strength reduction, cement-based CLSM with 10 % PA met the strength requirements for both base and subbase layers, while AAM-based mixtures with up to 10 % PA met subbase criteria. Cost analysis indicated that PA reduced material costs, and its use in AAM-based CLSM reduced CO₂ emissions by up to 65 % compared to conventional mixes. Overall, this study demonstrates that incorporating PA provides dual environmental and economic benefits while achieving acceptable engineering performance, supporting its use in sustainable pavement construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phycocyanin from oxygenic photogranules: A feasible ecofriendly dye for cotton and silk fibers","authors":"Vivek Kumar Nair ,&nbsp;Abhishek Sahu ,&nbsp;Saurabh Samuchiwal ,&nbsp;Anushree Malik ,&nbsp;Pooja Ghosh ,&nbsp;Bhupendra Singh Butola","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the extraction and application of phycocyanin from a novel biomass source, oxygenic photogranules. The results show that optimal phycocyanin extraction (104.69±3.8 mg/g) was achieved using freeze-thawing with extraction solvent as sodium phosphate buffer, followed by 15 min of ultrasonication. Furthermore, ammonium sulphate stabilised extracted phycocyanin was found to be suitable for its long-term storage. Also, dyeing by double mordanting followed by the cold dyeing process showed cotton’s superior phycocyanin affinity (dye adsorption: 55.5±2.8 mg/g) compared to silk (dye adsorption: 31.32±1.09 mg/g). Furthermore, during the wash test, cotton retained a higher colour (64.97%) even after 5 washes when compared to silk (44.43%). Although on analysing the functionality of the fabric, the silk exhibited higher antioxidant activity (93.93±1.76 %) than cotton (64.78±3.06 %). However, in the case of UV protection, cotton demonstrated excellent UV protection with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value of more than 200 when compared to the silk’s UPF of ∼35. These findings underscore the potential of phycocyanin from oxygenic photogranules as a sustainable and functional natural dye for textile fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-efficiency assessment and benchmarking of recycled carbon fibre","authors":"Eneko Urruzola ,&nbsp;Laura Merlo-Camuñas ,&nbsp;Fernando Calvo-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Mikel Azcona ,&nbsp;Marta Cerdeira-Peinado ,&nbsp;Eduardo de la Guerra ,&nbsp;Diego Iribarren","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) are very important structural materials due to their mechanical properties, light weight, and versatility. This has led to an increase in both CFRP demand and production. This situation implies an increased number of end-of-life products requiring a viable and environmentally friendly way out. Within this context, this work evaluates the eco-efficiency of a company’s own CFRP recycling system based on a combination of shredding, pyrolysis and solvolysis processes. The eco-efficiency assessment involves techno-economic and environmental analyses of both recycled carbon fibre from the aforementioned system and, for benchmarking purposes, conventional carbon fibre from polyacrylonitrile. The results show a levelised cost of 4.83 € and a carbon footprint of 22.7 kg CO₂ eq per kilogramme of recycled carbon fibre. Furthermore, factor-X results indicate an eco-efficient performance of the assessed recycled carbon fibre compared to conventional carbon fibre.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}