Cleaner Materials最新文献_第2页

Biofabrication of mycelium-fabric biocomposites from textile residues 利用纺织残留物制备菌丝-织物生物复合材料

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100366

Sarath Haridas Kaniyamparambil , Zainuddin Ziyan , Naser AlBlooshi , M-Haidar Ali Dali , Erlantz Lizundia , Srinivas Mettu , Ghanim Mabrook , Mohamed Hamid Salim , Blaise L. Tardy

The chitinous fibrous network of mycelium has recently been implemented as a sustainable packaging or leather alternative. Other endeavors are currently explored given the environmentally friendly biofabrication process, suitable mechanics, flame resistance, and insulative properties. In this proof-of-concept study, we explore the potential of mycelium (Pleurotus ostreatus) to form bio-blocks by propagating across cotton, polyester, and mixed shredded textile fabrics (MSTF). Biocomposites showed distinct colonization patterns as a function of inoculation condition and textile type. Cotton-based composites demonstrated good structural integrity, reaching a flexural strength of 82.5 kPa and a toughness of 3298 kJm⁻³. Polyester-based composites exhibited a similar flexural strength of 80.5 kPa but showed nearly half the toughness at 1414 kJ/m⁻³. Flammability tests revealed flame extinction after 30 s in cotton composites, with 40 % of the area burned, whereas polyester composites reduced the combustion rate by 76 %. A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) focusing on environmental impacts shows a cradle-to-gate commercial-scale climate change potential of 0.05 and 4.28 kg-CO₂-equiv per kilogram of biobrick considering renewable-based and fossil-based energy mix scenarios, respectively. Our findings establish mycelium as an effective binding agent for textiles towards the formation of materials with complex forms benefiting from the inherent attributes of textiles.

菌丝体的几丁质纤维网络最近被用作可持续包装或皮革替代品。考虑到环境友好的生物制造工艺、合适的力学、阻燃性和绝缘性能，目前正在探索其他的努力。在这项概念验证研究中，我们探索了菌丝体（Pleurotus ostreatus）通过在棉花、聚酯和混合碎纺织品（MSTF）上繁殖形成生物块的潜力。不同接种条件和纺织品类型对复合材料的定殖模式有不同的影响。棉基复合材料具有良好的结构完整性，抗弯强度达到82.5 kPa，韧性达到3298 kkm−3。聚酯基复合材料的抗弯强度为80.5 kPa，但在1414 kJ/m−3时的韧性几乎是前者的一半。可燃性测试表明，棉复合材料在30秒后火焰熄灭，燃烧面积为40%，而聚酯复合材料的燃烧率降低了76%。一项关注环境影响的综合生命周期评估（LCA）显示，考虑到可再生能源和化石能源组合情景，生物砖从摇篮到大门的商业规模气候变化潜力分别为0.05千克和4.28千克二氧化碳当量。我们的研究结果表明，菌丝体是一种有效的结合剂，有利于纺织品形成具有复杂形式的材料，这得益于纺织品的固有属性。

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引用次数: 0

A review in calcium carbide slag utilization for carbonation: from methods to applications 电石渣用于碳化的研究进展：从方法到应用

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100374

Wenjie Gong , Peiliang Shen , Yanjie Tang , Fazhou Wang

Global CO₂ emissions, exceeding 40 billion tonnes annually, drive critical ecological challenges, necessitating effective mitigation strategies like carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). CO₂ mineralization, a promising CCUS pathway, utilizes alkali-rich industrial wastes such as carbide slag (CS) to form stable carbonate minerals, ensuring permanent CO₂ sequestration with minimal leakage risks. CS, primarily composed of Ca(OH)₂, offers high alkalinity and calcium content, making it an ideal precursor for CO₂ mineralization. Various carbonation methods, including direct, indirect and advanced techniques, could produce construction materials, high-value nano-calcium carbonates and energy storage solutions. Operational parameters such as temperature, concentration, humidity, and additives significantly influence carbonation efficiency and product properties. Direct carbonation yields CaCO₃ suitable for large-scale industrial uses, while indirect and advanced methods enhance product purity and functionality for specialized applications. This integration sequesters CO₂ while producing valuable by-products, thereby enhancing economic viability. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of CS carbonation mechanisms, methods, and applications, emphasizing the interplay between process parameters and product outcomes to optimize sustainable CO₂ management and material innovation.

全球二氧化碳排放量每年超过400亿吨，造成严重的生态挑战，需要采取有效的减缓战略，如碳捕集、利用和封存（CCUS）。二氧化碳矿化是一种很有前途的CCUS途径，它利用电石渣（CS）等富含碱的工业废料形成稳定的碳酸盐矿物，以最小的泄漏风险确保二氧化碳的永久封存。CS主要由Ca(OH)2组成，具有较高的碱度和钙含量，是理想的CO2矿化前体。各种碳化方法，包括直接、间接和先进的技术，可以生产建筑材料、高价值的纳米碳酸钙和储能解决方案。操作参数，如温度、浓度、湿度和添加剂显著影响碳化效率和产品性能。直接碳化生产CaCO3适用于大规模工业用途，而间接和先进的方法提高产品纯度和功能的专门应用。这种整合在产生有价值的副产品的同时隔离了二氧化碳，从而提高了经济可行性。本文全面分析了CS碳化的机理、方法和应用，强调了工艺参数和产品结果之间的相互作用，以优化可持续的二氧化碳管理和材料创新。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling fracture evolution of crumb rubber asphalt concrete under long-term vapor exposure: A coupled moisture-mechanical approach 基于水-力耦合方法的橡胶碎石沥青混凝土长期蒸汽暴露断裂演化模拟

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100384

Qi Yang , Minda Ren , Yunhao Wu , Linhua Ma , Qinghao Han , Zian Pei , Ziyi He

Crumb rubber asphalt mixture, recognized as a cleaner paving material due to its recycling of waste tires and carbon reduction potential, is widely used for its environmental benefits. However, the coupled effects of moisture and fracture significantly undermine the durability of crumb rubber asphalt concrete (CRAC), especially under long-term vapor exposure. Few studies have systematically addressed this coupling, which involves complex interactions between diffusion and cracking processes occurring at varying intensities and rates. To bridge this gap, this study proposes a sequentially coupled framework and develops a Moisture-Mechanical Evolution Model (MMEM) that expresses mechanical properties as a function of moisture content. The model was calibrated using moisture sorption tests (MST) and semi-circular bending (SCB) tests. Results indicate that prolonged vapor exposure accelerates micro-crack formation and widens macro-crack propagation paths under mechanical loading. Furthermore, over 30% reduction in functional performance is predicted for crumb rubber asphalt pavement after three years of service in moist environments. This study not only elucidates the coupled moisture-fracture mechanism in CRAC but also provides a practical modeling approach for assessing durability, thereby supporting the development of more sustainable and cleaner pavement materials.

碎橡胶沥青混合料因其回收废轮胎和减碳潜力而被公认为清洁路面材料，其环境效益得到广泛应用。然而，水分和断裂的耦合作用显著破坏了碎石橡胶沥青混凝土的耐久性，特别是在长期蒸汽暴露下。很少有研究系统地解决这种耦合，它涉及以不同强度和速率发生的扩散和开裂过程之间的复杂相互作用。为了弥补这一差距，本研究提出了一个顺序耦合框架，并开发了一个表达力学性能作为含水率函数的水分-力学演化模型（MMEM）。采用吸湿试验（MST）和半圆弯曲试验（SCB）对模型进行了校准。结果表明：在机械载荷作用下，长时间的蒸汽暴露加速了微裂纹的形成，拓宽了宏观裂纹的扩展路径。此外，预计在潮湿环境中使用三年后，颗粒橡胶沥青路面的功能性能将下降30%以上。本研究不仅阐明了CRAC湿裂耦合机理，而且为耐久性评估提供了一种实用的建模方法，从而为开发更可持续、更清洁的路面材料提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Applications of ionic Liquids: Fate, Prospects, and Perspectives 离子液体的应用：命运、前景与展望

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100379

Ayo Olasupo , David R. Corbin , Mark B. Shiflett

The unique physicochemical properties and versatility of ionic liquids have earned them names like “green solvents, designer solvents, and solvents for the future”. Ionic liquids have been widely used as alternatives to traditional solvents for different applications. Ionic liquids are organic containing salts with melting points below 100 °C, comprised of tunable cations and anions that have found relevance in industrial applications such as separations, nanotechnology, electrochemistry, catalysis, and analytical chemistry, to name a few. However, despite the ubiquitous applications across various industries, there is a paucity of information about the toxicity, environmental impact, and potential impacts to public health. Hence, in this study, the various applications of ionic liquids at bench-, pilot-, and industrial-scales have been elucidated based on fate in the ecosystem and toxicity to plants, animals, and humans. The literature review has also included a life cycle assessment of ionic liquid processes. Limitations such as cost, synthesis, energy, and environmental impacts associated with using ionic liquids as alternative solvents for industrial applications were also identified; especially, the early generations of ionic liquids. Finally, this study has proposed strategies for synthesizing the next generation of ionic liquids with low toxicity, high biodegradability, low cost, and low environmental impact.

离子液体独特的物理化学性质和多功能性为它们赢得了“绿色溶剂、设计溶剂和未来溶剂”等称号。离子液体作为传统溶剂的替代品被广泛应用于不同的领域。离子液体是一种有机盐，熔点低于100°C，由可调阳离子和阴离子组成，在分离、纳米技术、电化学、催化和分析化学等工业应用中都有应用。然而，尽管在各个行业中都有广泛的应用，但关于其毒性、环境影响和对公众健康的潜在影响的信息却很少。因此，在本研究中，离子液体在实验、中试和工业规模上的各种应用已经根据其在生态系统中的命运和对植物、动物和人类的毒性进行了阐述。文献综述还包括离子液体过程的生命周期评估。还确定了使用离子液体作为工业应用的替代溶剂的成本、合成、能源和环境影响等限制；尤其是早期的离子液体。最后，本研究提出了低毒性、高生物降解性、低成本、低环境影响的新一代离子液体的合成策略。

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引用次数: 0

Canaries nest-inspired assembly of organic-inorganic networks for shotcrete: A rapid setting and hardening strategy via biomimetic design 以金丝雀巢为灵感的喷射混凝土有机-无机网络组合：通过仿生设计的快速设置和硬化策略

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100375

Zhenqi Yu , Xin Liu , Hui Xie , Lijing Shao , Yi Zhang , Haochuan Wang , Wei Wang , Jinxiang Hong , Pan Feng

Shotcrete is a critical lining material for tunnel constructions. However, previous studies have struggled to simultaneously achieve excellent workability, rapid-setting, high early-strength and superior toughness. Inspired by nest-building behavior of canaries, this study integrates in-situ polymerization with the alkali-free accelerator (AC) to rapidly construct an organic–inorganic skeleton and optimize early-age performance. The results indicated that in-situ polymerization improved the workability of the mortar within 1 h. Hydration kinetic analysis demonstrated that AC promoted ettringite formation and released heat, triggering monomer polymerization. The polymerization process further enhanced cement hydration, generating a mutual activation effect. This synergy reduced the percolation threshold, significantly shortening the setting time. The accelerated hydration subsequently produced “mud-like” hydration products that filled the pore structure, resulting in a denser matrix. Consequently, the 6 h compressive strength reached 2.7 MPa, representing an 800 % increase compared with the Con, and the flexural strength exhibited remarkable improvements of 400 %, 84 %, and 22 % after 6 h, 1 d and 28 d of hydration, respectively. This study provides a novel strategy for designing high-performance shotcrete and promoting the high-quality development of tunnel constructions.

喷射混凝土是隧道施工中重要的衬砌材料。然而，以往的研究一直在努力同时实现优异的加工性、快速凝固、高早期强度和优异的韧性。受金丝雀筑巢行为的启发，本研究将原位聚合与无碱促进剂（AC）相结合，快速构建有机-无机骨架并优化早期性能。结果表明，原位聚合在1 h内改善了砂浆的和易性。水化动力学分析表明，AC促进钙矾石形成并释放热量，引发单体聚合。聚合过程进一步增强了水泥水化，产生了相互活化的效果。这种协同作用降低了渗透阈值，显著缩短了凝固时间。加速的水化作用随后产生“泥状”水化产物，填充孔隙结构，形成更致密的基质。结果表明，6 h抗压强度达到2.7 MPa，比Con提高了800%，水化6 h、1 d和28 d后，抗弯强度分别提高了400%、84%和22%。本研究为设计高性能喷射混凝土，促进隧道施工的高质量发展提供了新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

High speed carbon dioxide degenerative reaction in Electric/Microwave arc plasma with metal-induced carbon deposition: Onsite carbon capture 电/微波电弧等离子体中高速二氧化碳退化反应与金属诱导碳沉积：现场碳捕获

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100376

Kittikhun Khotmungkhun , Arkorn Chotiyasilp , Nutbongkot Srisukkho , Kittitat Subannajui

In order to avoid the complicated process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO₂) and embedding it underground, a fast CO₂ capture technique that allows for onsite elimination is required. This study investigates the potential of using electric/microwave arc plasma with metals to enhance CO₂ decomposition, which normally does not occur without ionization. The research explores the rapid interactions between various metals and CO₂ under atmospheric pressure. In the experimental setup, metals such as gold, copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, zinc, titanium, and tungsten are exposed to microwaves to induce arc plasma in a controlled chamber. These interactions are analyzed using advanced characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Gas amount and content are monitored via gas chromatography (GC). The results show that microwave arc plasma effectively disintegrates CO₂, converting it into carbon and carbide. With rapid CO₂ disintegration and metal-induced carbon separation, several metals can be used. While Titanium (Ti) exhibited the fastest reduction rate, Tungsten (W) was identified as the most durable candidate due to its superior thermal stability and resistance to degradation. These findings suggest that electric/microwave arc plasma technology presents a promising and efficient method for CO₂ reduction, with potential implications for climate change mitigation strategies.

为了避免捕获二氧化碳并将其埋入地下的复杂过程，需要一种能够现场消除的快速二氧化碳捕获技术。这项研究探讨了使用电/微波电弧等离子体与金属来增强二氧化碳分解的潜力，这通常不会在没有电离的情况下发生。该研究探索了大气压力下各种金属与二氧化碳之间的快速相互作用。在实验装置中，金、铜、铝、镁、铁、锌、钛和钨等金属在受控室中暴露于微波中以诱导电弧等离子体。这些相互作用分析使用先进的表征技术，如扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM），能量色散x射线光谱学（EDX），拉曼光谱，紫外-可见光谱，光致发光（PL）光谱。气相色谱法（GC）监测气体量和含量。结果表明，微波电弧等离子体能有效分解CO2，将其转化为碳和碳化物。随着二氧化碳的快速分解和金属诱导的碳分离，可以使用几种金属。钛（Ti）表现出最快的还原速率，而钨(W)由于其优异的热稳定性和抗降解性而被认为是最耐用的候选材料。这些发现表明，电/微波电弧等离子体技术是一种有前景的、有效的二氧化碳减排方法，对减缓气候变化战略具有潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Performance and life cycle assessment of fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures with polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and alkali-resistant glass fibers 聚丙烯、聚乙烯醇和耐碱玻璃纤维纤维增强混凝土混合物的性能和寿命周期评估

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100382

Amir Ramezani, Raymond Pepera, Behrouz Shafei

This study investigated the main mechanical, environmental, and economic characteristics of the fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) mixtures that contained polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and alkali-resistant glass (ARG) fibers in a range of dosages. The primary objective was to enhance performance attributes, while assessing each fiber’s impact on sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Various FRC mixtures were designed, including individual and hybrid fiber alternatives, with fiber dosages from 0.125% to 0.500% (by volume). Mechanical properties were evaluated through compressive strength, flexural strength, and residual load-carrying capacity, while microstructural details were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In parallel, a holistic life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed, encompassing production, service life, and end-of-life phases. Economic evaluation then considered initial material costs and long-term maintenance needs under different deterioration scenarios. Based on the wealth of original results, four indices were utilized to integrate mechanical performance, environmental impact, and cost. They included the environmental sustainability index, flexural sustainability index, compressive sustainability index, and economic-mechanical performance index (EMP). The EMP, in particular, enabled a direct evaluation of strength requirements relative to long-term cost implications. Among the tested mixtures, the mixtures that exhibited the highest overall performance were identified, reflecting superior mechanical properties, durability-driven sustainability, and life-cycle cost efficiency. The findings revealed that careful selection of fiber contents (in terms of choice and dosage) can be instrumental in offering proper mixture designs, facilitating their use in applications where long-term performance and environmental considerations are critical.

本研究调查了在一定剂量范围内含有聚丙烯（PP）、聚乙烯醇（PVA）和耐碱玻璃（ARG）纤维的纤维增强混凝土（FRC）混合物的主要力学、环境和经济特性。主要目标是提高性能属性，同时评估每种纤维对可持续性和成本效益的影响。设计了各种FRC混合物，包括单个纤维和混合纤维替代品，纤维用量从0.125%到0.500%（按体积计）。通过抗压强度、抗折强度和残余承载能力来评估机械性能，同时使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查微观结构细节。同时，还进行了全面的生命周期评估（LCA），包括生产、使用寿命和生命周期结束阶段。经济评估考虑了不同恶化情况下的初始材料成本和长期维护需求。在原有成果丰富的基础上，利用4个指标综合了机械性能、环境影响和成本。包括环境可持续性指数、弯曲可持续性指数、压缩可持续性指数和经济-机械性能指数（EMP）。特别是EMP，能够直接评估相对于长期成本影响的强度要求。在测试的混合物中，确定了表现出最高综合性能的混合物，反映了优越的机械性能、耐用性驱动的可持续性和生命周期成本效率。研究结果表明，仔细选择纤维含量（在选择和剂量方面）可以帮助提供适当的混合物设计，促进其在长期性能和环境考虑至关重要的应用中使用。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical, damage, and fracture behavior of sustainable pavement composites from mining tailings and crushed stone waste: Effects of aggregate content under compression and splitting via AE, DIC, and CT 矿山尾矿和碎石废弃物可持续路面复合材料的力学、损伤和断裂行为：集料含量对AE、DIC和CT压缩和劈裂的影响

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100383

Tianhua Wu , Yongtao Gao , Aibing Jin , Zancheng Chen , Changfu Huang , Maowei Ji , Hui Xu , Peng Li , Fei Yan , Yu Zhou

With the objective of repurposing multisource mining solid waste as sustainable pavement composites, this study investigates the effects of crushed stone aggregate content (CSAC) on the mechanical, damage, and fracture behavior of cemented tailings-crushed stone composites (CTCSC). Eight sample groups with CSAC values ranging from 0% to 100% are tested using a uniaxial compression test (UCT) and a Brazilian splitting test (BST), combined with AE, DIC, and CT monitoring. The results reveal nonmonotonic variations in uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), splitting tensile strength (STS), and the tensile-to-compressive strength ratio (T/C), which initially decrease, then increase, and finally decrease slightly at high CSAC levels. The elastic modulus reaches a maximum of 118.70 MPa at 90% CSAC. With increasing CSAC, the CTCSC exhibits a ductile-to-brittle transition in the UCT and a shift from concave deformation to near-linear prepeak deformation in the BST. AE activity remains low before the peak stress but increases sharply after failure, with tensile signals dominating the RA–AF characteristics. The global b-value peaks at 15% CSAC and then decreases, whereas the crack initiation stress reaches its maximum at 45% CSAC before declining. In the UCT, four failure modes are observed: shear (0%), tensile (15–30%), tensile–shear (45–60%), and shear–tensile (75–100%). The BST reveals three tensile failure patterns, namely, central (0%), deflected (15–60%), and stepped interface-induced (75–100%), with cracks initiating at the loading end. The crack opening displacement peaks at 1.860 mm before it decreases, whereas the crack tortuosity steadily increases. These findings elucidate the failure mechanisms of CTCSC and provide guidance for optimizing sustainable pavement composites using mining solid waste.

以多源矿山固体废弃物作为可持续路面复合材料为目标，研究了碎石骨料含量（CSAC）对尾砂-碎石胶结复合材料（CTCSC）力学、损伤和断裂行为的影响。采用单轴压缩试验（UCT）和巴西劈裂试验（BST），结合AE、DIC和CT监测，对CSAC值从0%到100%的8个样本组进行测试。结果表明，在高CSAC水平下，单轴抗压强度（UCS）、劈裂抗拉强度（STS）和抗拉强度比（T/C）呈非单调变化，先减小后增大，最后略有减小。在90% CSAC时，弹性模量达到最大值118.70 MPa。随着CSAC的增加，CTCSC在UCT中呈现出韧性到脆性的转变，在BST中呈现出从凹变形到近线性峰前变形的转变。AE活动在峰值应力前保持较低，但在破坏后急剧增加，拉伸信号主导RA-AF特征。整体b值在15% CSAC时达到峰值，随后下降，而裂纹起裂应力在45% CSAC时达到最大值，随后下降。在UCT中，观察到四种破坏模式：剪切（0%）、拉伸（15-30%）、拉伸-剪切（45-60%）和剪切-拉伸（75-100%）。BST显示出三种拉伸破坏模式，即中心（0%）、偏转（15-60%）和阶梯式界面诱导（75-100%），裂纹始于加载端。裂纹张开位移在1.860 mm处达到峰值后逐渐减小，而裂纹弯曲度稳步增大。这些研究结果阐明了CTCSC的破坏机制，为矿山固体废弃物路面复合材料的可持续优化提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

From Portland cement to alkali-activated system: advances in wood-cement composites for sustainable building applications 从波特兰水泥到碱活化体系：可持续建筑用木水泥复合材料的进展

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100365

Firesenay Zerabruk Gigar , Amar Khennane , Jong-Leng Liow , Biruk Hailu Tekle , Zongjun Li

This paper presents a detailed review of wood-cement composites, focusing on their material characteristics, mechanical performance, and evolution as a class of sustainable and cleaner construction material. Formed by combining wood particles with cementitious binders, these composites offer a unique alternative to conventional building materials by utilising renewable resources, supporting cleaner production practices, and reducing embodied carbon. The review is based on an extensive compilation of experimental data drawn from the literature, covering a wide range of studies that examine the effects of wood species, binder types, fabrication methods, and testing protocols on composite performance. Particular attention is given to the influence of binder composition, wood particle size, and mix ratios on key mechanical properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, density, and toughness. These parameters are critically assessed to establish their role in governing the structural reliability and functional suitability of the composites. The review also addresses production techniques and standardised testing methods, identifying common challenges such as the chemical incompatibility between lignocellulosic materials and cement hydrates, and summarising approaches developed to mitigate these issues. Recent developments, including the use of alkali-activated binders, are examined for their potential to enhance material performance and support cleaner material development. By consolidating existing research and identifying gaps in current knowledge, this paper aims to support further technical advancement and inform the practical implementation of wood-cement composites in environmentally responsible construction.

本文介绍了木水泥复合材料的详细综述，重点介绍了木水泥复合材料的材料特性、力学性能以及作为一类可持续和清洁建筑材料的发展。这些复合材料由木颗粒与胶凝粘合剂结合而成，通过利用可再生资源、支持清洁生产实践和减少隐含碳，为传统建筑材料提供了独特的替代品。该综述基于从文献中提取的大量实验数据汇编，涵盖了广泛的研究，研究了木材种类、粘合剂类型、制造方法和测试方案对复合材料性能的影响。特别注意的是粘合剂组成，木材颗粒大小和混合比例对关键机械性能的影响，包括抗压强度，抗弯强度，密度和韧性。这些参数都经过严格评估，以确定它们在控制复合材料的结构可靠性和功能适用性方面的作用。该综述还讨论了生产技术和标准化测试方法，确定了常见的挑战，如木质纤维素材料和水泥水合物之间的化学不相容性，并总结了缓解这些问题的方法。最近的发展，包括碱活化粘合剂的使用，审查了它们提高材料性能和支持更清洁材料开发的潜力。通过巩固现有的研究和确定现有知识的差距，本文旨在支持进一步的技术进步，并为环保建筑中木水泥复合材料的实际实施提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Solvent selection enables sustainable and affordable lignin biocomposite for cement-free construction 溶剂选择使可持续和负担得起的木质素生物复合材料无水泥建筑

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100371

Barney H. Miao , Daniel Woo , Andrew C. Lesh , David J. Loftus , Michael D. Lepech

Cement-free construction materials are essential to reduce global carbon emissions, yet scalable alternatives remain limited. We report the development of a lignin-based biopolymer-bound soil composite (BSC), a novel cement-free material with mechanical properties comparable to lightweight concrete. To advance its scalability and environmental performance, we also used a systematic framework for solvent selection in lignin biocomposite fabrication. Applying this approach, we identified an acetic acid–water solvent system that speeds up manufacturing and enhances material quality. BSCs fabricated with this system exhibit increased strength (5.4 MPa vs. 3.7 MPa), attributed to acetylation of lignin. In addition, the acetic acid–water system dramatically reduces drying time compared with the alternative solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (2 days vs. 14 days), enabling more efficient production. Life cycle assessment reveals additional CO

_{2}

sequestration and a 70 % reduction in material cost (US$122–237/

m^{3}

vs. US$409–933/

m^{3}

) relative to lignin biocomposite made using DMSO as the solvent. These improvements stem from solvent-induced modifications in lignin chemistry that enhance composite performance. This work demonstrates how both material design and rational solvent selection can pave the way for adoption of lignin-based composites as scalable, affordable, and low-carbon alternatives for the built environment.

无水泥建筑材料对减少全球碳排放至关重要，但可扩展的替代品仍然有限。我们报告了木质素基生物聚合物结合土壤复合材料（BSC）的发展，这是一种新型无水泥材料，具有与轻质混凝土相当的机械性能。为了提高其可扩展性和环境性能，我们还使用了木质素生物复合材料制造中溶剂选择的系统框架。应用这种方法，我们确定了一种醋酸-水溶剂系统，可以加快生产速度并提高材料质量。由于木质素的乙酰化，用该体系制备的BSCs具有更高的强度（5.4 MPa vs 3.7 MPa）。此外，与替代溶剂二甲亚砜相比，乙酸-水系统显著缩短了干燥时间（2天vs. 14天），从而提高了生产效率。生命周期评估显示，与使用DMSO作为溶剂的木质素生物复合材料相比，额外的二氧化碳封存和材料成本降低70%（122-237美元/立方米，而409-933美元/立方米）。这些改进源于溶剂诱导的木质素化学修饰，增强了复合材料的性能。这项工作展示了材料设计和合理的溶剂选择如何为采用木质素基复合材料铺平道路，使其成为建筑环境中可扩展的、负担得起的低碳替代品。

{"title":"Solvent selection enables sustainable and affordable lignin biocomposite for cement-free construction","authors":"Barney H. Miao , Daniel Woo , Andrew C. Lesh , David J. Loftus , Michael D. Lepech","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2026.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cement-free construction materials are essential to reduce global carbon emissions, yet scalable alternatives remain limited. We report the development of a lignin-based biopolymer-bound soil composite (BSC), a novel cement-free material with mechanical properties comparable to lightweight concrete. To advance its scalability and environmental performance, we also used a systematic framework for solvent selection in lignin biocomposite fabrication. Applying this approach, we identified an acetic acid–water solvent system that speeds up manufacturing and enhances material quality. BSCs fabricated with this system exhibit increased strength (5.4 MPa vs. 3.7 MPa), attributed to acetylation of lignin. In addition, the acetic acid–water system dramatically reduces drying time compared with the alternative solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (2 days vs. 14 days), enabling more efficient production. Life cycle assessment reveals additional CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> sequestration and a 70 % reduction in material cost (US$122–237/<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> vs. US$409–933/<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) relative to lignin biocomposite made using DMSO as the solvent. These improvements stem from solvent-induced modifications in lignin chemistry that enhance composite performance. This work demonstrates how both material design and rational solvent selection can pave the way for adoption of lignin-based composites as scalable, affordable, and low-carbon alternatives for the built environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100371"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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