Cleaner Materials最新文献_第2页

Biofabrication of mycelium-fabric biocomposites from textile residues 利用纺织残留物制备菌丝-织物生物复合材料

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100366

Sarath Haridas Kaniyamparambil , Zainuddin Ziyan , Naser AlBlooshi , M-Haidar Ali Dali , Erlantz Lizundia , Srinivas Mettu , Ghanim Mabrook , Mohamed Hamid Salim , Blaise L. Tardy

The chitinous fibrous network of mycelium has recently been implemented as a sustainable packaging or leather alternative. Other endeavors are currently explored given the environmentally friendly biofabrication process, suitable mechanics, flame resistance, and insulative properties. In this proof-of-concept study, we explore the potential of mycelium (Pleurotus ostreatus) to form bio-blocks by propagating across cotton, polyester, and mixed shredded textile fabrics (MSTF). Biocomposites showed distinct colonization patterns as a function of inoculation condition and textile type. Cotton-based composites demonstrated good structural integrity, reaching a flexural strength of 82.5 kPa and a toughness of 3298 kJm⁻³. Polyester-based composites exhibited a similar flexural strength of 80.5 kPa but showed nearly half the toughness at 1414 kJ/m⁻³. Flammability tests revealed flame extinction after 30 s in cotton composites, with 40 % of the area burned, whereas polyester composites reduced the combustion rate by 76 %. A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) focusing on environmental impacts shows a cradle-to-gate commercial-scale climate change potential of 0.05 and 4.28 kg-CO₂-equiv per kilogram of biobrick considering renewable-based and fossil-based energy mix scenarios, respectively. Our findings establish mycelium as an effective binding agent for textiles towards the formation of materials with complex forms benefiting from the inherent attributes of textiles.

菌丝体的几丁质纤维网络最近被用作可持续包装或皮革替代品。考虑到环境友好的生物制造工艺、合适的力学、阻燃性和绝缘性能，目前正在探索其他的努力。在这项概念验证研究中，我们探索了菌丝体（Pleurotus ostreatus）通过在棉花、聚酯和混合碎纺织品（MSTF）上繁殖形成生物块的潜力。不同接种条件和纺织品类型对复合材料的定殖模式有不同的影响。棉基复合材料具有良好的结构完整性，抗弯强度达到82.5 kPa，韧性达到3298 kkm−3。聚酯基复合材料的抗弯强度为80.5 kPa，但在1414 kJ/m−3时的韧性几乎是前者的一半。可燃性测试表明，棉复合材料在30秒后火焰熄灭，燃烧面积为40%，而聚酯复合材料的燃烧率降低了76%。一项关注环境影响的综合生命周期评估（LCA）显示，考虑到可再生能源和化石能源组合情景，生物砖从摇篮到大门的商业规模气候变化潜力分别为0.05千克和4.28千克二氧化碳当量。我们的研究结果表明，菌丝体是一种有效的结合剂，有利于纺织品形成具有复杂形式的材料，这得益于纺织品的固有属性。

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引用次数: 0

Modified stabilization route for the preparation of HDPE-derived porous carbon fibers 制备hdpe衍生多孔碳纤维的改进稳定化路线

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100367

Jeong-Rae Ahn , Byung-Joo Kim

Porous carbon fibers offer high specific surface area, rapid adsorption kinetics, and excellent structural durability, making them attractive for environmental and energy-related applications. However, converting polyolefin-based precursors such as high-density polyethylene into carbon fibers is challenging because severe structural collapse often occurs during carbonization. In this study, we propose a three-step stabilization strategy consisting of electron-beam irradiation, sulfonation, and phosphorylation, which enhances thermal stability and enables the formation of uniformly crosslinked fibers throughout the fiber cross section. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the multi-acid stabilization produced a char yield comparable to that obtained by sulfuric-acid-only treatment (47.36% vs. 47.41% at 800℃). Tensile strength measurements after carbonization revealed that fibers treated with the multi-acid stabilization method exhibited approximately a 40% improvement compared to sulfonation-only fibers. Microstructural analyses using SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD confirmed suppressed core collapse, reduced defect gradients, and improved crystallite ordering, which collectively facilitated enhanced mesopore development in the resulting porous carbon fibers.

多孔碳纤维具有高比表面积，快速吸附动力学和优异的结构耐久性，使其在环境和能源相关应用中具有吸引力。然而，将聚烯烃为基础的前体（如高密度聚乙烯）转化为碳纤维是具有挑战性的，因为在碳化过程中经常发生严重的结构崩溃。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种由电子束照射、磺化和磷酸化组成的三步稳定化策略，该策略增强了热稳定性，并使整个纤维截面上形成均匀交联的纤维。热重分析表明，多酸稳定法的焦炭产率与单酸稳定法相当（分别为47.36%和47.41%）。碳化后的拉伸强度测试表明，与磺化纤维相比，采用多酸稳定方法处理的纤维的拉伸强度提高了约40%。利用SEM、拉曼光谱和XRD进行的微观结构分析证实，该材料抑制了核心坍塌，降低了缺陷梯度，改善了晶体的有序性，这些共同促进了多孔碳纤维中孔的发育。

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引用次数: 0

Solvent selection enables sustainable and affordable lignin biocomposite for cement-free construction 溶剂选择使可持续和负担得起的木质素生物复合材料无水泥建筑

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2026.100371

Barney H. Miao , Daniel Woo , Andrew C. Lesh , David J. Loftus , Michael D. Lepech

Cement-free construction materials are essential to reduce global carbon emissions, yet scalable alternatives remain limited. We report the development of a lignin-based biopolymer-bound soil composite (BSC), a novel cement-free material with mechanical properties comparable to lightweight concrete. To advance its scalability and environmental performance, we also used a systematic framework for solvent selection in lignin biocomposite fabrication. Applying this approach, we identified an acetic acid–water solvent system that speeds up manufacturing and enhances material quality. BSCs fabricated with this system exhibit increased strength (5.4 MPa vs. 3.7 MPa), attributed to acetylation of lignin. In addition, the acetic acid–water system dramatically reduces drying time compared with the alternative solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (2 days vs. 14 days), enabling more efficient production. Life cycle assessment reveals additional CO

_{2}

sequestration and a 70 % reduction in material cost (US$122–237/

m^{3}

vs. US$409–933/

m^{3}

) relative to lignin biocomposite made using DMSO as the solvent. These improvements stem from solvent-induced modifications in lignin chemistry that enhance composite performance. This work demonstrates how both material design and rational solvent selection can pave the way for adoption of lignin-based composites as scalable, affordable, and low-carbon alternatives for the built environment.

无水泥建筑材料对减少全球碳排放至关重要，但可扩展的替代品仍然有限。我们报告了木质素基生物聚合物结合土壤复合材料（BSC）的发展，这是一种新型无水泥材料，具有与轻质混凝土相当的机械性能。为了提高其可扩展性和环境性能，我们还使用了木质素生物复合材料制造中溶剂选择的系统框架。应用这种方法，我们确定了一种醋酸-水溶剂系统，可以加快生产速度并提高材料质量。由于木质素的乙酰化，用该体系制备的BSCs具有更高的强度（5.4 MPa vs 3.7 MPa）。此外，与替代溶剂二甲亚砜相比，乙酸-水系统显著缩短了干燥时间（2天vs. 14天），从而提高了生产效率。生命周期评估显示，与使用DMSO作为溶剂的木质素生物复合材料相比，额外的二氧化碳封存和材料成本降低70%（122-237美元/立方米，而409-933美元/立方米）。这些改进源于溶剂诱导的木质素化学修饰，增强了复合材料的性能。这项工作展示了材料设计和合理的溶剂选择如何为采用木质素基复合材料铺平道路，使其成为建筑环境中可扩展的、负担得起的低碳替代品。

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引用次数: 0

From Portland cement to alkali-activated system: advances in wood-cement composites for sustainable building applications 从波特兰水泥到碱活化体系：可持续建筑用木水泥复合材料的进展

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100365

Firesenay Zerabruk Gigar , Amar Khennane , Jong-Leng Liow , Biruk Hailu Tekle , Zongjun Li

This paper presents a detailed review of wood-cement composites, focusing on their material characteristics, mechanical performance, and evolution as a class of sustainable and cleaner construction material. Formed by combining wood particles with cementitious binders, these composites offer a unique alternative to conventional building materials by utilising renewable resources, supporting cleaner production practices, and reducing embodied carbon. The review is based on an extensive compilation of experimental data drawn from the literature, covering a wide range of studies that examine the effects of wood species, binder types, fabrication methods, and testing protocols on composite performance. Particular attention is given to the influence of binder composition, wood particle size, and mix ratios on key mechanical properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, density, and toughness. These parameters are critically assessed to establish their role in governing the structural reliability and functional suitability of the composites. The review also addresses production techniques and standardised testing methods, identifying common challenges such as the chemical incompatibility between lignocellulosic materials and cement hydrates, and summarising approaches developed to mitigate these issues. Recent developments, including the use of alkali-activated binders, are examined for their potential to enhance material performance and support cleaner material development. By consolidating existing research and identifying gaps in current knowledge, this paper aims to support further technical advancement and inform the practical implementation of wood-cement composites in environmentally responsible construction.

本文介绍了木水泥复合材料的详细综述，重点介绍了木水泥复合材料的材料特性、力学性能以及作为一类可持续和清洁建筑材料的发展。这些复合材料由木颗粒与胶凝粘合剂结合而成，通过利用可再生资源、支持清洁生产实践和减少隐含碳，为传统建筑材料提供了独特的替代品。该综述基于从文献中提取的大量实验数据汇编，涵盖了广泛的研究，研究了木材种类、粘合剂类型、制造方法和测试方案对复合材料性能的影响。特别注意的是粘合剂组成，木材颗粒大小和混合比例对关键机械性能的影响，包括抗压强度，抗弯强度，密度和韧性。这些参数都经过严格评估，以确定它们在控制复合材料的结构可靠性和功能适用性方面的作用。该综述还讨论了生产技术和标准化测试方法，确定了常见的挑战，如木质纤维素材料和水泥水合物之间的化学不相容性，并总结了缓解这些问题的方法。最近的发展，包括碱活化粘合剂的使用，审查了它们提高材料性能和支持更清洁材料开发的潜力。通过巩固现有的研究和确定现有知识的差距，本文旨在支持进一步的技术进步，并为环保建筑中木水泥复合材料的实际实施提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

A state-of-the-art review on carbon-based nanomaterials for engineering applications 碳基纳米材料工程应用研究进展

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100363

Zijun Xu , Zhe Wu , Philippe Poulin , Yilin Wang , Zhengbo Liu , S. Thomas Ng , Guoyang Lu

Without a comprehensive examination of the available literature on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) across various engineering contexts and dimensions, the field is left vulnerable to a disproportionate focus on specific application requirements or conditions, curtailing the ability to leverage the multifunctionality and interdisciplinary advantages of CBNs. Carbon-based nanocomposites serve as a pivotal conduit for the extensive utilization of CBNs. Their functional performance is commonly tailored through approaches such as functional modification, doping, interface engineering, and multiscale structural design. A systematic discussion is presented on the current design strategies of nanocomposites incorporating carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs). Representative cases illustrate their significant engineering application potential in five rapidly evolving and highly active fields: electronic devices, energy storage, civil engineering, water treatment, and biomedical engineering. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in CBNs, emphasizing key applications, ongoing challenges, and emerging research opportunities across diverse domains. Interdisciplinary collaboration is poised to further drive innovation, particularly in areas such as energy storage, structural health monitoring, and biosensing. Future advancements are expected to focus on advanced material design, sustainable and scalable fabrication, intelligent optimization using artificial intelligence, interdisciplinary collaboration, and systematic validation to overcome challenges in synthesis, performance, commercialization, and integration. These insights collectively underscore the pivotal role of CBNs in shaping multifunctional, cross-cutting solutions for next-generation engineering systems.

如果没有对碳基纳米材料（CBNs）在各种工程背景和维度上的现有文献进行全面的研究，该领域很容易受到对特定应用需求或条件的不成比例的关注，从而削弱了利用CBNs的多功能和跨学科优势的能力。碳基纳米复合材料是碳纳米管广泛应用的重要途径。它们的功能性能通常通过功能修饰、掺杂、界面工程和多尺度结构设计等方法来定制。系统地讨论了目前纳米复合材料的设计策略，包括碳点（CDs）、碳纳米管（CNTs）和石墨烯基纳米材料（GBNs）。代表性案例说明了它们在电子设备、能源存储、土木工程、水处理和生物医学工程等五个快速发展和高度活跃的领域具有重要的工程应用潜力。本文全面概述了脑神经网络的最新进展，强调了不同领域的关键应用、持续挑战和新兴研究机会。跨学科合作将进一步推动创新，特别是在能源存储、结构健康监测和生物传感等领域。未来的进展预计将集中在先进的材料设计、可持续和可扩展的制造、使用人工智能的智能优化、跨学科合作和系统验证上，以克服合成、性能、商业化和集成方面的挑战。这些见解共同强调了cbn在塑造下一代工程系统的多功能、跨领域解决方案中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

AI-based meta model for predicting the performance of low-carbon concrete, considering the effects of multiple waste materials 考虑多种废弃物影响的低碳混凝土性能预测的人工智能元模型

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100364

Mehran Aziminezhad , Mahdi Shadabfar , Ahmed Bediwy , Eltayeb Mohamedelhassan

Low-carbon concrete incorporating waste materials offers significant environmental benefits while maintaining structural performance. However, designing an optimal mix of these waste materials is challenging due to their potential impact on the concrete properties. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel meta model that introduces a non-deterministic mix design framework and simultaneously optimizes four performance metrics: environmental (global warming potential), durability (rapid chloride permeability and bulk electrical resistivity), mechanical (compressive strength and splitting tensile strength), and workability (air content and slump). The model is trained using a hybrid dataset combining literature data with response surface methodology (RSM) generated samples. To this end, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network is trained to capture the effects of waste materials, including shredded rubber (SR), glass powder (GP), and biomass fly ash (BFA), on concrete performance and is further combined with Monte Carlo simulation to identify optimal mix designs based on specific performance targets. The results demonstrate the AI model’s accuracy in predicting concrete performance, as evidenced by statistical measures such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R²). This accuracy is further validated by comparing the AI predictions with laboratory concrete mix results. The results indicated that a 23.1% increase in compressive strength and an 83% decrease in chloride ion permeability were achieved by partially substituting 30% GP for cement. The incorporation of 15% BFA consistently reduced slump by 65% and increased air content by 49%. Moreover, the control mix had the highest GWP at 325 kg CO₂-eq/m³. Using 30% GP, 15% BFA, and 15% SR reduced it to 135 kg CO₂-eq/m³, a 41% decrease. Additionally, the back analysis provides optimized mix designs tailored to specific performance constraints. According to the specified target for designing low-carbon, chloride-resistant, and normal strength (45–55 MPa) concrete, a mixture of waste materials with SR = 3.2%, GP = 25.8%, and BFA = 7.4% is proposed by the developed meta model.

低碳混凝土采用废料，在保持结构性能的同时具有显著的环境效益。然而，由于这些废物对混凝土性能的潜在影响，设计这些废物的最佳组合是具有挑战性的。为了应对这一挑战，本文提出了一种新的元模型，该模型引入了非确定性混合设计框架，并同时优化了四个性能指标：环境（全球变暖潜势）、耐久性（快速氯化物渗透性和体积电阻率）、机械（抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度）和可操作性（空气含量和坍落度）。该模型使用结合文献数据和响应面法（RSM）生成样本的混合数据集进行训练。为此，训练多层感知器（MLP）神经网络来捕捉废料（包括碎橡胶（SR）、玻璃粉（GP）和生物质粉煤灰（BFA））对混凝土性能的影响，并进一步结合蒙特卡罗模拟来确定基于特定性能目标的最佳混合设计。结果证明了人工智能模型在预测混凝土性能方面的准确性，如均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和决定系数（R2）等统计指标。通过将人工智能预测结果与实验室混凝土混合结果进行比较，进一步验证了这种准确性。结果表明，用30% GP部分替代水泥，抗压强度提高23.1%，氯离子渗透性降低83%。15% BFA的掺入持续降低了65%的坍落度，增加了49%的空气含量。对照混合料的GWP最高，为325 kg co2当量/m3。使用30%的GP、15%的BFA和15%的SR将其降低到135 kg co2当量/m3，降低了41%。此外，反向分析提供了针对特定性能约束的优化混合设计。根据设计低碳、抗氯化物、标准强度（45-55 MPa）混凝土的指定目标，根据所建立的元模型，提出了SR = 3.2%、GP = 25.8%、BFA = 7.4%的废料配合比。

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引用次数: 0

Calcined sand-washing slurry-based LC3: hydration, performance, and environmental impact 基于煅烧洗砂浆的LC3：水化，性能和环境影响

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100360

Yue Wang , Mengxin Bu , Jingshan Peng , Weijie Chen , Yazan Alrefaei , Yanshuai Wang

This study investigates the feasibility of using calcined sand washing slurry (SWS) as a sustainable alternative to traditional metakaolin in limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3). Using isothermal calorimetry, XRD, SEM-EDS, and TG-FTIR, the effects of SWS and polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) on hydration, microstructure, and strength development were systematically analyzed. Results show that SWS contains reactive amorphous aluminosilicates that promote AFt formation and enhance early strength. The 750 °C − calcined SWS sample (S750) achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 46.6 MPa − only 3.5 % lower than traditional LC3. PCE significantly improved flowability (175 mm for S750-1) without compromising early strength, and enhanced matrix densification via accelerated AFt generation. Notably, S700 (i.e., 700 °C − calcined SWS sample) exhibited comparable strength and hydration behavior to S750, suggesting that low-temperature calcination is both feasible and energy-efficient. Besides, life cycle analysis shows that compared with CG, the CO₂ emissions of S700 are reduced by approximately 34.6 %. These findings highlight the application potential of SWS in the production of high-performance and low-carbon LC3.

本研究探讨了在石灰石-煅烧粘土水泥（LC3）中使用煅烧洗砂浆（SWS）替代传统偏高岭土的可行性。采用等温量热法、XRD、SEM-EDS、TG-FTIR等方法，系统分析了SWS和聚羧酸型高效减水剂（PCE）对水化、微观结构和强度发展的影响。结果表明，SWS中含有活性无定形硅铝酸盐，能促进AFt的形成，提高早期强度。750°C煅烧的SWS样品（S750）的28天抗压强度为46.6 MPa -仅比传统LC3低3.5%。PCE在不影响早期强度的情况下显著提高了流动性（S750-1为175 mm），并通过加速AFt生成增强了基体致密化。值得注意的是，S700（即700°C -煅烧的SWS样品）表现出与S750相当的强度和水化行为，这表明低温煅烧既可行又节能。此外，生命周期分析表明，与CG相比，S700的CO2排放量减少了约34.6%。这些发现凸显了SWS在高性能低碳LC3生产中的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The effects, mechanisms, and environmental impacts of SBS polymer in mitigating organic emissions from base asphalt SBS聚合物在减少基础沥青有机排放中的作用、机理和环境影响

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100361

Rui Zhang , Xinping Pei , Hongzhou Zhu , Jia Liu , Song Yang , Xingyu Chen , Ruiming Li , Yuhong Wang

Asphalt mixtures could emit substantial organic compounds during production and construction, posing potential health risks and potentially degrading asphalt binder performance. However, it remains unclear whether polymer modification can alter these emissions. This study systematically assesses how styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modification influences the effects, mechanisms, and environmental impacts of organic emissions from base asphalt, using an integrated approach spanning environmental science, toxicology, chemistry, surface science, and rheology. The results show that SBS polymer effectively reduces emissions of multiple organic compounds and suppresses the formation of secondary air pollutants, odor nuisance, and human health risks. Among the tested dosages, a dosage of 4.5 % SBS leads to the greatest mitigation effect. Based on compound identification and prior literature, secondary pollutant formation and odor nuisance are driven mainly by certain n‑alkanes, whereas health risks are predominantly associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Beyond mitigating environmental and health risks, SBS polymer improves asphalt binder performance, including surface free energy characteristics, rheological behavior, and structural phase transitions. These benefits are likely attributed to the unique network structure and physical cross‑linking between SBS and asphalt binder. Overall, the findings elucidate the effects, mechanisms, and environmental implications of SBS modification that reduces organic emissions from base asphalt, thereby advancing the development of cleaner, high‑performance, sustainable, and health‑protective paving materials and technologies.

沥青混合料在生产和施工过程中会释放出大量有机化合物，对健康构成潜在风险，并可能降低沥青粘结剂的性能。然而，目前尚不清楚聚合物改性是否能改变这些排放物。本研究采用环境科学、毒理学、化学、表面科学和流变学的综合方法，系统地评估了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯（SBS）改性如何影响基础沥青有机排放物的效果、机制和环境影响。结果表明，SBS聚合物可有效减少多种有机化合物的排放，抑制二次空气污染物的形成，减少气味危害，降低人体健康风险。在试验剂量中，4.5% SBS的缓解效果最大。基于化合物鉴定和先前的文献，二次污染物的形成和气味危害主要由某些正构烷烃驱动，而健康风险主要与多环芳烃（PAHs）相关。除了降低环境和健康风险外，SBS聚合物还改善了沥青粘结剂的性能，包括表面自由能特性、流变行为和结构相变。这些好处可能归因于SBS和沥青粘合剂之间独特的网络结构和物理交联。总的来说，研究结果阐明了SBS改性的效果、机制和环境影响，减少了基础沥青的有机排放，从而促进了更清洁、高性能、可持续和健康保护的铺路材料和技术的发展。

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引用次数: 0

A reactive-phase-driven predictive model for compressive strength of solid waste-based alkali-activated materials 反应相驱动的固体废物碱活性材料抗压强度预测模型

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100359

Guanqi Wei, Biqin Dong, Rongxin Peng, Penghui Wang, Yanshuai Wang

The inherent variability in reactivity among industrial solid wastes hinders the standardized mix design of alkali-activated materials (AAMs). To address this, a novel reactive-phase-driven predictive model based on optimized clustering of amorphous aluminosilicate phases is proposed. Using backscattered electron and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, amorphous aluminosilicates in solid wastes, e.g., fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and circulating fluidized bed ash, were classified into 42 groups via atomic ratios (Si + Al)/Ca (1, 1.5, 2.3, 4, 9, ∞) and Si/Al (0.3, 0.7, 1, 1.5, 2.3, 4, ∞). Furthermore, these groups were grounded into nine grades (H20, H30, H40, H50, H60, H70, H80, H90, H130) based on microhardness of alkali-activated synthesized phases. Results revealed that medium-hardness grade phases (H40–H70) exhibited the highest reaction degrees (70.1–95 %) and strong positive correlation with compressive strength (σc) (R = 0.62–0.81), while low/high-hardness phases negatively impacted performance. A grey wolf optimizer-enhanced backpropagation neural network model, utilizing phase content as input, achieved exceptional prediction accuracy, significantly outperforming conventional solid-waste-dosage-driven models in terms of scientific rigor and cross-waste applicability. This study establishes a more universal amorphous aluminosilicates classification framework and ultimately enabling intelligent design of multi-source solid waste-based AAMs.

工业固体废物反应性的内在变异性阻碍了碱活性材料（AAMs）的标准化混合设计。为了解决这一问题，提出了一种基于非晶硅酸铝相优化聚类的反应相驱动预测模型。采用背散射电子能谱和能量色散分析方法，将粉煤灰、磨粒高炉渣和循环流化床灰等固体废弃物中的非晶态硅铝酸盐按原子比(Si + Al)/Ca（1,1.5, 2.3, 4,9,∞）和Si/Al（0.3, 0.7, 1,1.5, 2.3, 4,∞）分为42类。根据碱活化合成相的显微硬度将其分为H20、H30、H40、H50、H60、H70、H80、H90、H130 9个等级。结果表明：中硬度相（h40 ~ h70）的反应度最高（70.1 ~ 95%），与抗压强度（σc）呈正相关（R = 0.62 ~ 0.81）；灰狼优化增强的反向传播神经网络模型，利用相含量作为输入，取得了卓越的预测精度，在科学严谨性和跨废物适用性方面显著优于传统的固体废物剂量驱动模型。本研究建立了一个更通用的非晶硅铝酸盐分类框架，最终实现了多源固体废物aam的智能设计。

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引用次数: 0

Spontaneous grain refinement induced by thiourea derivatives enables energy-efficient manganese production 硫脲衍生物诱导的自发晶粒细化使高效节能的锰生产成为可能

IF 9

Cleaner Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2025.100362

Haidong Zhong, Yang Song, Tingting Hu, Jun Du, Changyuan Tao, Qian Zhang

Efficient and energy-saving electrodeposition of manganese remains challenging due to inhomogeneous deposition and competing hydrogen evolution at cathodic interfaces. Here, we report a dynamic molecular adsorption strategy using trace thiourea derivatives to regulate interfacial ion transport and nucleation behavior, achieving spontaneous grain refinement within the electrodeposited layer. Combined computational and experimental analyses reveal that thiourea derivatives construct a dynamic adsorption layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface, increasing the nucleation overpotential. Meanwhile, the electron-donating coordination of thiourea derivatives regulates the solvation structure of Mn²⁺ and reduces interfacial water activity. This approach achieves spatially uniform Mn nucleation and spontaneous phase transition from metastable γ-Mn to stable α-Mn with refined grains, accompanied by a reduction in average grain size to 1.129 μm. With the methylthiourea (MTU) additive, we achieve 86.87 % current efficiency (a 4.61 % improvement) at reduced energy consumption of 4328.47 kWh t⁻¹ (a 6.28 % reduction). Application in aqueous all-manganese batteries demonstrates an average Coulombic efficiency of 80.85 % over 30 cycles. This work proposes a molecular-level interfacial engineering strategy that enables cleaner metal electrodeposition and sustainable aqueous energy-storage applications, offering a new design paradigm for Mn metal as a clean and sustainable material.

由于阴极界面的不均匀沉积和析氢竞争，高效节能的锰电沉积仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们报道了一种动态分子吸附策略，使用微量硫脲衍生物来调节界面离子传输和成核行为，在电沉积层内实现自发晶粒细化。结合计算和实验分析表明，硫脲衍生物在电极/电解质界面处形成了动态吸附层，增加了成核过电位。同时，硫脲衍生物的给电子配位调节了Mn2+的溶剂化结构，降低了界面水活度。该方法实现了空间均匀的Mn成核和从亚稳的γ-Mn到稳定的α-Mn的自发相变，晶粒细化，平均晶粒尺寸减小到1.129 μm。使用甲基硫脲（MTU）添加剂，我们实现了86.87%的电流效率（提高了4.61%），能耗降低了4328.47 kWh t - 1（降低了6.28%）。在全锰水电池中的应用表明，30次循环平均库仑效率为80.85%。这项工作提出了一种分子水平的界面工程策略，使更清洁的金属电沉积和可持续的水储能应用成为可能，为金属锰作为清洁和可持续的材料提供了一种新的设计范式。

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