Lake water-level fluctuations, driven by climate change and human activities, threaten freshwater ecosystems globally, particularly in tropical regions. Ethiopia, home to 46 lakes, faces alarming declines in lake surface water area, endangering biodiversity and water security. This study assesses water-level changes in Ethiopian lakes from 1992 to 2022 using Landsat imagery and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) on Google Earth Engine. A NDWI 0.3-threshold classified water features, revealing severe declines in seven lakes: Lake Haramaya experienced a 46.1 % reduction in surface water area, Abijata (59.7 %), Chelekleka (73.4 %), Ziway (12.2 %), Shalla (2.6 %), Chamo (11.5 %), and Tana (8.5 %). Geospatial analysis highlights unsustainable water use and climate impacts as key drivers. Urgent conservation measures, including improved resource management and policy interventions, are recommended to mitigate further degradation. This research underscores the vulnerability of Ethiopian lakes and demonstrates the utility of remote sensing for monitoring hydrological changes in data-scarce regions.
{"title":"Assessment of lake surface water dynamics in selected Ethiopian lakes using geospatial techniques","authors":"Alazer Bergene Bante , Kanenus Fufa Dararo , Tesfaye Dagne Diriba , Natnael Ketema Taddesse , Bayisa Negasa Wolteji , Indale Niguse Dejene","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lake water-level fluctuations, driven by climate change and human activities, threaten freshwater ecosystems globally, particularly in tropical regions. Ethiopia, home to 46 lakes, faces alarming declines in lake surface water area, endangering biodiversity and water security. This study assesses water-level changes in Ethiopian lakes from 1992 to 2022 using Landsat imagery and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) on Google Earth Engine. A NDWI 0.3-threshold classified water features, revealing severe declines in seven lakes: Lake Haramaya experienced a 46.1 % reduction in surface water area, Abijata (59.7 %), Chelekleka (73.4 %), Ziway (12.2 %), Shalla (2.6 %), Chamo (11.5 %), and Tana (8.5 %). Geospatial analysis highlights unsustainable water use and climate impacts as key drivers. Urgent conservation measures, including improved resource management and policy interventions, are recommended to mitigate further degradation. This research underscores the vulnerability of Ethiopian lakes and demonstrates the utility of remote sensing for monitoring hydrological changes in data-scarce regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater has emerged as a global environmental concern, posing severe metabolic and health hazards to humans. Its widespread occurrence in aquifers, especially across South and Southeast Asia, highlights the growing threat to safe drinking water. While the contamination largely originates from geogenic sources, anthropogenic influences have increasingly contributed to its persistence in the ‘21st century’, according to the recent insights of literature. Present study presents an integrated overview of the chemical profile, sources, and hydrogeochemical behaviour of arsenic in groundwater. It outlines the mobilization mechanisms and summarizes key quantification techniques applied in groundwater studies. A dedicated section addresses the adverse health impacts of arsenic exposure, including major exposure routes, dermatological effects, and systemic disorders. Regional hydrogeology in India demonstrates that Himalayan River systems transport arsenic-bearing minerals downstream, enriching alluvial aquifers and exacerbating contamination. Prolonged exposure leads to skin lesions, pulmonary diseases, and carcinogenic outcomes, posing a major public health burden. The paper further highlights sustainable mitigation strategies such as adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane-based technologies to curb arsenic toxicity. Attaining arsenic-safe groundwater remains a critical challenge; however, sustainable remediation and management practices are pivotal to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-3 and SDG-6), ensuring clean water and good health for all.
{"title":"Arsenic in groundwater: Exploring its origins, human interventions, and sustainable paths forward","authors":"Debojyoti Mishra , Kamalesh Sen , Soumya Kundu , Naba Kumar Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater has emerged as a global environmental concern, posing severe metabolic and health hazards to humans. Its widespread occurrence in aquifers, especially across South and Southeast Asia, highlights the growing threat to safe drinking water. While the contamination largely originates from geogenic sources, anthropogenic influences have increasingly contributed to its persistence in the ‘21st century’, according to the recent insights of literature. Present study presents an integrated overview of the chemical profile, sources, and hydrogeochemical behaviour of arsenic in groundwater. It outlines the mobilization mechanisms and summarizes key quantification techniques applied in groundwater studies. A dedicated section addresses the adverse health impacts of arsenic exposure, including major exposure routes, dermatological effects, and systemic disorders. Regional hydrogeology in India demonstrates that Himalayan River systems transport arsenic-bearing minerals downstream, enriching alluvial aquifers and exacerbating contamination. Prolonged exposure leads to skin lesions, pulmonary diseases, and carcinogenic outcomes, posing a major public health burden. The paper further highlights sustainable mitigation strategies such as adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane-based technologies to curb arsenic toxicity. Attaining arsenic-safe groundwater remains a critical challenge; however, sustainable remediation and management practices are pivotal to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-3 and SDG-6), ensuring clean water and good health for all.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbamazepine (CBZ), a widely prescribed antiepileptic drug, is among the most persistent and frequently detected pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and surface waters worldwide. Due to its high chemical stability, low sorption affinity, and resistance to biodegradation, CBZ often passes through conventional treatment systems, posing ecological and human health risks. As a result, developing effective treatment strategies capable of removing CBZ from wastewater has become a critical priority, particularly through biological methods. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have gained significant attention as a promising method to remove recalcitrant compounds such as CBZ. This review critically examines the current state of MBR technology for CBZ removal, highlighting the influence of microbial communities, operational parameters, and membrane fouling dynamics on the treatment efficiency. Furthermore, integrated MBR systems, combining MBRs with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), adsorption techniques, or biofilms, are evaluated for their potential to overcome the limitations of standalone MBR systems. Although these integrated approaches significantly improve CBZ removal and mitigate fouling, they face operational, economic, and scalability challenges. This review highlights the need for biologically optimized MBR configurations and the strategic enrichment of specialized microbial communities, including bacteria and fungi, capable of CBZ biotransformation. The findings offer a comprehensive perspective on advancing MBR-based technologies toward more efficient, resilient, and sustainable wastewater treatment systems.
{"title":"Overcoming carbamazepine (CBZ) recalcitrance in wastewater: A critical review of membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance, limitations, and optimization strategies","authors":"Parnian Mojahednia , Jianfei Chen , Seyed Hesam Aldin Samaei , Jian Pan , Jinkai Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbamazepine (CBZ), a widely prescribed antiepileptic drug, is among the most persistent and frequently detected pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and surface waters worldwide. Due to its high chemical stability, low sorption affinity, and resistance to biodegradation, CBZ often passes through conventional treatment systems, posing ecological and human health risks. As a result, developing effective treatment strategies capable of removing CBZ from wastewater has become a critical priority, particularly through biological methods. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have gained significant attention as a promising method to remove recalcitrant compounds such as CBZ. This review critically examines the current state of MBR technology for CBZ removal, highlighting the influence of microbial communities, operational parameters, and membrane fouling dynamics on the treatment efficiency. Furthermore, integrated MBR systems, combining MBRs with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), adsorption techniques, or biofilms, are evaluated for their potential to overcome the limitations of standalone MBR systems. Although these integrated approaches significantly improve CBZ removal and mitigate fouling, they face operational, economic, and scalability challenges. This review highlights the need for biologically optimized MBR configurations and the strategic enrichment of specialized microbial communities, including bacteria and fungi, capable of CBZ biotransformation. The findings offer a comprehensive perspective on advancing MBR-based technologies toward more efficient, resilient, and sustainable wastewater treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100196
R Resmi , A Krishnakumar , Krishnan Anoop Krishnan
This study uses geochemical methods to analyze how extreme precipitation events impact groundwater hydrochemistry and geochemical processes in the shallow aquifer systems of the Lower Chalakudy River Basin (LCRB), southern Western Ghats, India, within the context of climate change. A total of 84 groundwater samples were collected during Pre-Extreme Precipitation Events (PEE), Extreme Precipitation Events (EPE), and Post-Extreme Precipitation Events (PoEE). The groundwater is dominated by mixed types rich in Ca2 + -Mg2+-Cl. Geochemical modeling indicates saturation of carbonate minerals and undersaturation of evaporites, suggesting active silicate weathering. Strong positive correlations are observed between TDS with Ca, EC, Mg, K, HCO3, and Cl in almost all samples, regardless of the extreme events. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three significant principal components, explaining a total variance of 84.02 %, 81.08 %, and 80.66 % for PEE, EPE, and PoEE, respectively. The hydrogeological signatures of the LCRB are influenced by reverse ion exchange and silicate weathering. The Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) shows insignificant pollution; however, spatial interpolation through Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK), combined with Semivariogram modeling, of heavy metals reveals human health risk assessment (HHRA), with Hazard Index (HI) values exceeding limits for Non-Carcinogenic Risks (NCR) in both adults and children. The relative abundance of the Carcinogenic Risk (CR) factor for trace elements in the study area follows the order of Cr> Cd> As, in PEE, Cd> Cr> As, in EPE, Cd> As in PoEE. A comprehensive understanding of these dynamics is crucial for efficient water resource management and adaptation strategies in response to climate change.
{"title":"Groundwater chemistry and quality of Lower Chalakudy River Basin, India during extreme climatic events: Lessons to understand for evolving future mitigation measures in Western Ghats, India","authors":"R Resmi , A Krishnakumar , Krishnan Anoop Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses geochemical methods to analyze how extreme precipitation events impact groundwater hydrochemistry and geochemical processes in the shallow aquifer systems of the Lower Chalakudy River Basin (LCRB), southern Western Ghats, India, within the context of climate change. A total of 84 groundwater samples were collected during Pre-Extreme Precipitation Events (PEE), Extreme Precipitation Events (EPE), and Post-Extreme Precipitation Events (PoEE). The groundwater is dominated by mixed types rich in Ca<sup>2 +</sup> -Mg<sup>2+</sup>-Cl. Geochemical modeling indicates saturation of carbonate minerals and undersaturation of evaporites, suggesting active silicate weathering. Strong positive correlations are observed between TDS with Ca, EC, Mg, K, HCO<sub>3</sub>, and Cl in almost all samples, regardless of the extreme events. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three significant principal components, explaining a total variance of 84.02 %, 81.08 %, and 80.66 % for PEE, EPE, and PoEE, respectively. The hydrogeological signatures of the LCRB are influenced by reverse ion exchange and silicate weathering. The Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) shows insignificant pollution; however, spatial interpolation through Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK), combined with Semivariogram modeling, of heavy metals reveals human health risk assessment (HHRA), with Hazard Index (HI) values exceeding limits for Non-Carcinogenic Risks (NCR) in both adults and children. The relative abundance of the Carcinogenic Risk (CR) factor for trace elements in the study area follows the order of Cr> Cd> As, in PEE, Cd> Cr> As, in EPE, Cd> As in PoEE. A comprehensive understanding of these dynamics is crucial for efficient water resource management and adaptation strategies in response to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100197
Ray Malonjao , Juvy Malonjao , Jeonel Lumbab , Joecyn Archival , Gerwine Medio , Janice Alivio
This study examines the adoption of a fully automated groundwater supply system implemented in upland Cebu, Philippines, through a mixed-methods approach grounded in the integrated Science and Technology Studies-Technology Acceptance Model (STS–TAM Plus) framework. The framework extends traditional behavioral models by including environmental awareness and government support to capture socio-institutional influences on technology uptake. Quantitative modeling using Structural equation modeling identified Perceived Usefulness, Attitude Toward Technology, and Environmental Awareness as dominant predictors of adoption behavior. Mediation analysis revealed that perceived usefulness influenced behavioral intention primarily through attitudinal and environmental pathways, highlighting the role of psychological and emotional factors in shaping acceptance. Qualitative data from interviews and field observations supported the statistical results, revealing key sociotechnical dynamics such as financial barriers, trust-building, and the need for government support. Triangulation confirmed strong convergence between attitudinal and institutional factors, reinforcing the contextual validity of the model. The findings demonstrate that the successful adoption of fully automated groundwater supply system depends not only on user intention but also on systemic readiness, community participation, and institutional engagement offering actionable insights for designing sustainable, community-responsive water systems in resource-constrained and topographically complex regions.
{"title":"Assessing the adoption of a fully automated groundwater supply system in upland Cebu, Philippines: A mixed-methods study using the hybrid STS-TAM plus framework","authors":"Ray Malonjao , Juvy Malonjao , Jeonel Lumbab , Joecyn Archival , Gerwine Medio , Janice Alivio","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the adoption of a fully automated groundwater supply system implemented in upland Cebu, Philippines, through a mixed-methods approach grounded in the integrated Science and Technology Studies-Technology Acceptance Model (STS–TAM Plus) framework. The framework extends traditional behavioral models by including environmental awareness and government support to capture socio-institutional influences on technology uptake. Quantitative modeling using Structural equation modeling identified Perceived Usefulness, Attitude Toward Technology, and Environmental Awareness as dominant predictors of adoption behavior. Mediation analysis revealed that perceived usefulness influenced behavioral intention primarily through attitudinal and environmental pathways, highlighting the role of psychological and emotional factors in shaping acceptance. Qualitative data from interviews and field observations supported the statistical results, revealing key sociotechnical dynamics such as financial barriers, trust-building, and the need for government support. Triangulation confirmed strong convergence between attitudinal and institutional factors, reinforcing the contextual validity of the model. The findings demonstrate that the successful adoption of fully automated groundwater supply system depends not only on user intention but also on systemic readiness, community participation, and institutional engagement offering actionable insights for designing sustainable, community-responsive water systems in resource-constrained and topographically complex regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100194
Iffat Ara , Rubaiatul Islam Zerin , Laila Anjum Eva , Md. Kamrul Hossain , Mahmuda Hossain Mou , Akib Javed , Shahin Ali , Md. Anisul Kabir , Md Masud Parves Rana
Groundwater is a vital resource that supports human health, ecosystems, and agriculture, and its quality varies across Bangladesh due to differing geology, land use, and environmental pressures. This study aims to conduct a comparative hydrogeochemical characterization and assess the environmental controls affecting groundwater quality, irrigation suitability, and human health risks across northern (Dinajpur) and coastal (Barisal) hydrological settings in Bangladesh. Groundwater data were obtained from the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), covering 27 monitoring wells in Dinajpur and 24 in Barisal. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that groundwater quality in Barisal is primarily influenced by salinity-related factors (EC, TDS, and Major Ions like Na+, Cl-), reflecting coastal saline intrusion. In contrast, Dinajpur samples were associated with parameters like SAR, Si+, PO43-, ORP, I⁻, CaCO3, and B, indicating geogenic influences from silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, and fertilizer inputs from agriculture. The Water Quality Index (WQI) results showed that in Barisal, 20.83 % of sites were excellent and 18 % unsuitable for drinking, whereas in Dinajpur, 64.29 % were excellent with no unfit sites. For irrigation suitability, Barisal had 75 % excellent and 4.17 % severely affected areas, while 44.44 % excellent and 14.81 % severely affected sites were observed in Dinajpur. Health risk assessment revealed significantly higher Hazard Index (HI) values in Barishal across all age groups compared to Dinajpur, indicating elevated potential health risks in the coastal region. Children were identified as the most vulnerable group, exhibiting higher HI values than males and females in both Barishal (HI = 0.38–57.29) and Dinajpur (HI = 0.34–4.41). The Pearson Correlation analysis indicated that in Dinajpur, environmental variables demonstrated negligible correlations with groundwater quality (WQI: r = –0.18–0.19; IWQI: NDVI r = 0.25, LST r = –0.20). Similarly, Barishal had negligible correlations, with the Water Quality Index (WQI) revealing a little link with NDVI and NDWI, respectively (r = 0.17–0.24), whilst the Integrated Water Quality Index (IWQI) indicated minimal impact across all indices (r = –0.03–0.19). Overall, the study highlights regional variations in groundwater quality and health risks, emphasizing the necessity for location-specific water resource management strategies.
地下水是支持人类健康、生态系统和农业的重要资源，由于地质、土地利用和环境压力的不同，孟加拉国各地的地下水质量各不相同。本研究旨在进行水文地球化学特征的比较，并评估影响孟加拉国北部（Dinajpur）和沿海（Barisal）水文环境的地下水质量、灌溉适宜性和人类健康风险的环境控制。地下水数据是从孟加拉国水开发委员会获得的，包括Dinajpur的27口监测井和Barisal的24口监测井。多元统计分析表明，Barisal地下水水质主要受盐度相关因子（EC、TDS以及Na+、Cl-等主要离子）的影响，反映了沿海盐入侵。相比之下，Dinajpur样品与SAR、Si+、PO43-、ORP、I -毒血症、CaCO3和B等参数相关，表明硅酸盐风化、碳酸盐溶解和农业肥料投入对地质因素的影响。水质指数（WQI）结果表明，Barisal有20.83 %的水质优良，18 %的水质不适宜饮用；Dinajpur有64.29 %的水质优良，没有不适宜饮用的水质。在灌溉适宜性方面，Barisal为75% %优，4.17% %重度受灾，而Dinajpur为44.44% %优，14.81 %重度受灾。健康风险评估显示，与迪纳杰普尔相比，巴里沙尔所有年龄组的危害指数（HI）值明显更高，表明沿海地区的潜在健康风险较高。在Barishal （HI = 0.38-57.29）和Dinajpur (HI = 0.34-4.41)，儿童的HI值均高于男性和女性，被确定为最弱势群体。Pearson相关分析表明，在Dinajpur，环境变量与地下水质量的相关性可以忽略不计（WQI: r = -0.18-0.19;IWQI: NDVI r = 0.25,LST r = -0.20）。同样，Barishal的相关性可以忽略不计，水质指数（WQI）分别与NDVI和NDWI有一点联系（r = 0.17-0.24），而综合水质指数（IWQI）表明所有指数的影响最小（r = -0.03-0.19）。总体而言，该研究强调了地下水质量和健康风险的区域差异，强调了制定因地制宜的水资源管理战略的必要性。
{"title":"Comparative hydrogeochemical characterization and environmental controls on groundwater quality, irrigation suitability, and health risk across northern and coastal hydrological settings of Bangladesh","authors":"Iffat Ara , Rubaiatul Islam Zerin , Laila Anjum Eva , Md. Kamrul Hossain , Mahmuda Hossain Mou , Akib Javed , Shahin Ali , Md. Anisul Kabir , Md Masud Parves Rana","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater is a vital resource that supports human health, ecosystems, and agriculture, and its quality varies across Bangladesh due to differing geology, land use, and environmental pressures. This study aims to conduct a comparative hydrogeochemical characterization and assess the environmental controls affecting groundwater quality, irrigation suitability, and human health risks across northern (Dinajpur) and coastal (Barisal) hydrological settings in Bangladesh. Groundwater data were obtained from the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), covering 27 monitoring wells in Dinajpur and 24 in Barisal. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that groundwater quality in Barisal is primarily influenced by salinity-related factors (EC, TDS, and Major Ions like Na<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>), reflecting coastal saline intrusion. In contrast, Dinajpur samples were associated with parameters like SAR, Si<sup>+</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, ORP, I⁻, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, and B, indicating geogenic influences from silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, and fertilizer inputs from agriculture. The Water Quality Index (WQI) results showed that in Barisal, 20.83 % of sites were excellent and 18 % unsuitable for drinking, whereas in Dinajpur, 64.29 % were excellent with no unfit sites. For irrigation suitability, Barisal had 75 % excellent and 4.17 % severely affected areas, while 44.44 % excellent and 14.81 % severely affected sites were observed in Dinajpur. Health risk assessment revealed significantly higher Hazard Index (HI) values in Barishal across all age groups compared to Dinajpur, indicating elevated potential health risks in the coastal region. Children were identified as the most vulnerable group, exhibiting higher HI values than males and females in both Barishal (HI = 0.38–57.29) and Dinajpur (HI = 0.34–4.41). The Pearson Correlation analysis indicated that in Dinajpur, environmental variables demonstrated negligible correlations with groundwater quality (WQI: r = –0.18–0.19; IWQI: NDVI r = 0.25, LST r = –0.20). Similarly, Barishal had negligible correlations, with the Water Quality Index (WQI) revealing a little link with NDVI and NDWI, respectively (r = 0.17–0.24), whilst the Integrated Water Quality Index (IWQI) indicated minimal impact across all indices (r = –0.03–0.19). Overall, the study highlights regional variations in groundwater quality and health risks, emphasizing the necessity for location-specific water resource management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100192
M. Seeththa Sankar Narayanan , V. Stephen Pitchaimani , S. Selvam , P. Muthukumar
Groundwater contamination by geogenic radionuclides, such as uranium and radon, poses significant public health risks, particularly in hard-rock and coastal aquifers of southern India, where lithological controls favour their mobilisation. This study assesses the spatial distribution and age-dependent radiological health risks of uranium and radon in groundwater from Kadaladi Taluk, Southern Tamil Nadu. Forty-four samples were analysed for uranium using an LED fluorimeter and radon using a RAD7 radon detector. Uranium concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 35.58 µg/L (mean 4.70 µg/L), with exceedances at selected locations and elevated hazard quotient (HQ) values in children, indicating potential non-carcinogenic risks. Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) and excess cancer risk estimates for U-238 and U-234 revealed localised chronic exposure. Radon concentrations varied from 69 to 640 Bq/L (mean 246 Bq/L), with 29.55 % of samples yielding annual effective doses above three mSv y⁻¹ . Infants were the most exposed group due to higher water intake per unit body mass. Statistical residual analysis showed that uranium variability was site-specific, whereas radon exhibited broader regional geological control. The co-occurrence of uranium and radon hotspots highlights the need for integrated hydrogeochemical and radiological management. Mitigation strategies, such as point-of-use treatment, wellhead aeration, improved ventilation, and continuous monitoring, are recommended to reduce exposure risks in high-risk zones.
{"title":"Hydrogeochemical evaluation and human health risk assessment of uranium and radon in the coastal aquifers of southern Tamil Nadu","authors":"M. Seeththa Sankar Narayanan , V. Stephen Pitchaimani , S. Selvam , P. Muthukumar","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater contamination by geogenic radionuclides, such as uranium and radon, poses significant public health risks, particularly in hard-rock and coastal aquifers of southern India, where lithological controls favour their mobilisation. This study assesses the spatial distribution and age-dependent radiological health risks of uranium and radon in groundwater from Kadaladi Taluk, Southern Tamil Nadu. Forty-four samples were analysed for uranium using an LED fluorimeter and radon using a RAD7 radon detector. Uranium concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 35.58 µg/L (mean 4.70 µg/L), with exceedances at selected locations and elevated hazard quotient (HQ) values in children, indicating potential non-carcinogenic risks. Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) and excess cancer risk estimates for U-238 and U-234 revealed localised chronic exposure. Radon concentrations varied from 69 to 640 Bq/L (mean 246 Bq/L), with 29.55 % of samples yielding annual effective doses above three mSv y⁻¹ . Infants were the most exposed group due to higher water intake per unit body mass. Statistical residual analysis showed that uranium variability was site-specific, whereas radon exhibited broader regional geological control. The co-occurrence of uranium and radon hotspots highlights the need for integrated hydrogeochemical and radiological management. Mitigation strategies, such as point-of-use treatment, wellhead aeration, improved ventilation, and continuous monitoring, are recommended to reduce exposure risks in high-risk zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100195
Haojie Xu , Qiman Liu
Access to safe drinking water remains a persistent global challenge. This short communication presents a historical analysis of safe water well practices in China, spanning from the Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD) to the modern era. By examining visual documentation, including the painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival and records from the 1930s ‘Dingxian Model’ public health intervention, we identify a recurring, effective feature: the construction of raised well edges to prevent surface contamination. This case study demonstrates that historical practices can offer valuable, low-cost insights for sustainable water management and safety, highlighting the importance of learning from past socio-technical adaptations to address contemporary water security issues.
{"title":"From wells to well-being","authors":"Haojie Xu , Qiman Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to safe drinking water remains a persistent global challenge. This short communication presents a historical analysis of safe water well practices in China, spanning from the Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD) to the modern era. By examining visual documentation, including the painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival and records from the 1930s ‘Dingxian Model’ public health intervention, we identify a recurring, effective feature: the construction of raised well edges to prevent surface contamination. This case study demonstrates that historical practices can offer valuable, low-cost insights for sustainable water management and safety, highlighting the importance of learning from past socio-technical adaptations to address contemporary water security issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100193
S. Abbas Rasouli , Onita D. Basu , Jinkai Xue , Jesse C. Vermaire
This review critically examines recent advances in the development of novel composite adsorbents specifically carbon-based, magnetic-based, and metal-organic-framework-based materials (MOFs), for the efficient removal of Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) from water. While these composites demonstrate superior adsorption performance compared to traditional adsorbents (e.g., chitosan, carbon nanotube, biochar, and granular activated carbon), challenges such as scalability, synthesis complexity, and environmental safety remain. Carbon-based composites offer high surface area, diverse functional groups, and enhanced adsorption capacity but face challenges with recovery. Magnetic composites facilitate easy separation and reuse but are hindered by synthesis complexity. MOFs provide tunable porosity and selectivity, yet their stability and cost require improvement. Thus, future research should prioritize the development of composite adsorbents that are stable, sustainable, and scalable for practical water treatment applications. Integrating experimental data with computational modeling to optimize adsorption processes, and tailoring surface functionalities for specific MNP types will further boost removal efficiency and selectivity. This strategic focus aims to advance water treatment technologies capable of efficiently and safely mitigating the growing challenge of MNP pollution across various aquatic environments.
{"title":"Removing micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) from water via novel composite adsorbents: A review","authors":"S. Abbas Rasouli , Onita D. Basu , Jinkai Xue , Jesse C. Vermaire","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review critically examines recent advances in the development of novel composite adsorbents specifically carbon-based, magnetic-based, and metal-organic-framework-based materials (MOFs), for the efficient removal of Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) from water. While these composites demonstrate superior adsorption performance compared to traditional adsorbents (e.g., chitosan, carbon nanotube, biochar, and granular activated carbon), challenges such as scalability, synthesis complexity, and environmental safety remain. Carbon-based composites offer high surface area, diverse functional groups, and enhanced adsorption capacity but face challenges with recovery. Magnetic composites facilitate easy separation and reuse but are hindered by synthesis complexity. MOFs provide tunable porosity and selectivity, yet their stability and cost require improvement. Thus, future research should prioritize the development of composite adsorbents that are stable, sustainable, and scalable for practical water treatment applications. Integrating experimental data with computational modeling to optimize adsorption processes, and tailoring surface functionalities for specific MNP types will further boost removal efficiency and selectivity. This strategic focus aims to advance water treatment technologies capable of efficiently and safely mitigating the growing challenge of MNP pollution across various aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100191
Stephen Sunday Emmanuel , Odunayo T. Ore , Ajibola A. Bayode , Hamza Badamasi , Saheed O. Sanni , Obianuju Patience Ilo , Ademidun Adeola Adesibikan , Mustapha Omenesa Idris
Valorization of biomass waste into adsorbents that can remove pollutants remains one of the key synergetic strategies to promote environmental sustainability. This study aimed to review the adsorptive removal of dyes from aqueous media using animal dung-based biosorbents (ADBBs) as a low-cost material. Notably, findings from this study showed that modified animal dung-based biochar and activated carbon were the most effective ADBB classes for dye removal. Specifically, the highest adsorption capacity (qm = 1241 mg/g) was recorded for rhodamine B using activated cow-dung biochar. Also, findings revealed that H-bonding, electrostatic interactions, and π–π interactions are the main mechanisms of dye uptake by the ADBBs. Furthermore, in most studies, dye adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating monolayer adsorption governed by pore availability on the ADBBs surface. This study also established that ADBBs have good reusability potential, with over 70 % of the original efficiency maintained after 3–10 cycles. The implications of these findings highlight that ADBBs provide a sustainable and cost-effective route for wastewater treatment while simultaneously promoting the waste-to-wealth initiative. Additionally, the demonstrated efficiency and reusability suggest ADBBs' suitability for industrial-scale applications.
{"title":"A critical review of low-cost biosorbents derived from animal dung for effective adsorption of dye pollutants","authors":"Stephen Sunday Emmanuel , Odunayo T. Ore , Ajibola A. Bayode , Hamza Badamasi , Saheed O. Sanni , Obianuju Patience Ilo , Ademidun Adeola Adesibikan , Mustapha Omenesa Idris","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Valorization of biomass waste into adsorbents that can remove pollutants remains one of the key synergetic strategies to promote environmental sustainability. This study aimed to review the adsorptive removal of dyes from aqueous media using animal dung-based biosorbents (ADBBs) as a low-cost material. Notably, findings from this study showed that modified animal dung-based biochar and activated carbon were the most effective ADBB classes for dye removal. Specifically, the highest adsorption capacity (q<sub>m</sub> = 1241 mg/g) was recorded for rhodamine B using activated cow-dung biochar. Also, findings revealed that H-bonding, electrostatic interactions, and π–π interactions are the main mechanisms of dye uptake by the ADBBs. Furthermore, in most studies, dye adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating monolayer adsorption governed by pore availability on the ADBBs surface. This study also established that ADBBs have good reusability potential, with over 70 % of the original efficiency maintained after 3–10 cycles. The implications of these findings highlight that ADBBs provide a sustainable and cost-effective route for wastewater treatment while simultaneously promoting the waste-to-wealth initiative. Additionally, the demonstrated efficiency and reusability suggest ADBBs' suitability for industrial-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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