Cleaner Water最新文献_第7页

Vertical flow constructed wetlands with Parthenium hysterophorous biochar: A nature-based solution for dairy effluent treatment 含Parthenium hysteropous生物炭的垂直流人工湿地：一种基于自然的乳品废水处理方案

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100153

Surender Singh, Anita Singh Kirrolia, Narsi Ram Bishnoi

Dairy wastewater, characterized by high organic load and nutrient concentrations, poses significant environmental risks if discharged untreated. This study evaluates the potential of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) amended with Parthenium hysterophorous biochar and planted with Canna indica (VFCW-CI) and Phagmites australis (VFCW-PA) for the treatment of dairy effluent. Key wastewater parameters that includes biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) were monitored after a 72-h hydraulic retention time (HRT). Results of the present study elucidated that VFCW-PA system achieved the highest removal efficiencies regarding BOD (95 %), COD (99 %), NO₃⁻ (97 %), and PO₄³ ⁻ (76 %), significantly outperforming the VFCW-CI, that showed removal efficiencies of BOD (91 %), COD (95 %), NO₃⁻ (92 %), and PO₄³ ⁻ (70 %). Also, at 72 h, VFCW-B (PA) and VFCW-C (CI) outperformed the control in all parameters, achieving > 90 % removal of BOD, COD, and PO₄³ ⁻ removal. Biochar amended setups showed about 49–57 % higher COD removal, 51–55 % higher BOD removal, 48–53 % higher NO₃⁻ removal, and 20–35 % higher PO₄³ ⁻ removal compared to the control, suggesting its direct role in the improved removal mechanisms in VFCWs. Major processes involved in pollutant removal likely include nitrification-denitrification, adsorption, and sedimentation. These findings demonstrate that Parthenium hysterophorous biochar integration, especially when combined with Phagmites australis, provides a cost-effective and sustainable approach for treating high-strength dairy wastewater. Future research should explore the role of microbial populations in biochar-amended VFCWs to further elucidate treatment mechanisms.

乳品废水具有高有机负荷和高营养物浓度的特点，如果未经处理，将造成重大的环境风险。本研究评估了用Parthenium hysteropous生物炭改性垂直流人工湿地（VFCWs）并种植美人蕉（VFCW-CI）和南吞噬菌（VFCW-PA）处理乳制品废水的潜力。废水的关键参数包括生化需氧量（BOD）、化学需氧量（COD）、硝酸盐（NO₃⁻）和磷酸盐（PO₄³⁻）在72小时的水力滞留时间（HRT）后进行监测。本研究结果阐明VFCW-PA系统实现关于BOD去除效率最高(95 %),鳕鱼(99 %),没有₃⁻(97 %)和PO₄³ ⁻(76 %)明显优于VFCW-CI,显示BOD(91 %)的去除效率,鳕鱼(95 %),没有₃⁻(92 %)和PO₄³ ⁻(70 %)。此外，在72 h时，VFCW-B （PA）和VFCW-C （CI）在所有参数上都优于对照组，实现了>； 90 %的BOD， COD和PO₄³ 的去除。与对照组相比，生物炭修饰的装置显示COD去除率提高49-57 %，BOD去除率提高51-55 %，NO₃递递力提高48-53 %，PO₄³递递力提高20-35 %，这表明生物炭在VFCWs中改善递递力的直接作用。涉及污染物去除的主要过程可能包括硝化-反硝化、吸附和沉淀。这些研究结果表明，Parthenium hysterophous生物炭整合，特别是与南方吞噬菌（Phagmites australis）结合使用，为处理高强度乳制品废水提供了一种经济、可持续的方法。未来的研究应进一步探讨微生物种群在生物炭改性VFCWs中的作用，以进一步阐明其处理机制。

{"title":"Vertical flow constructed wetlands with Parthenium hysterophorous biochar: A nature-based solution for dairy effluent treatment","authors":"Surender Singh, Anita Singh Kirrolia, Narsi Ram Bishnoi","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy wastewater, characterized by high organic load and nutrient concentrations, poses significant environmental risks if discharged untreated. This study evaluates the potential of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) amended with <em>Parthenium hysterophorous</em> biochar and planted with <em>Canna indica</em> (VFCW-CI) and <em>Phagmites australis</em> (VFCW-PA) for the treatment of dairy effluent. Key wastewater parameters that includes biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) were monitored after a 72-h hydraulic retention time (HRT). Results of the present study elucidated that VFCW-PA system achieved the highest removal efficiencies regarding BOD (95 %), COD (99 %), NO₃⁻ (97 %), and PO₄³ ⁻ (76 %), significantly outperforming the VFCW-CI, that showed removal efficiencies of BOD (91 %), COD (95 %), NO₃⁻ (92 %), and PO₄³ ⁻ (70 %). Also, at 72 h, VFCW-B (PA) and VFCW-C (CI) outperformed the control in all parameters, achieving > 90 % removal of BOD, COD, and PO₄³ ⁻ removal. Biochar amended setups showed about 49–57 % higher COD removal, 51–55 % higher BOD removal, 48–53 % higher NO₃⁻ removal, and 20–35 % higher PO₄³ ⁻ removal compared to the control, suggesting its direct role in the improved removal mechanisms in VFCWs. Major processes involved in pollutant removal likely include nitrification-denitrification, adsorption, and sedimentation. These findings demonstrate that <em>Parthenium hysterophorous</em> biochar integration, especially when combined with <em>Phagmites australis</em>, provides a cost-effective and sustainable approach for treating high-strength dairy wastewater. Future research should explore the role of microbial populations in biochar-amended VFCWs to further elucidate treatment mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-scale assessment of land use and land cover dynamics on groundwater quality in the south-central coastal region of Bangladesh 孟加拉国中南部沿海地区土地利用和土地覆盖动态对地下水质量的多尺度评价

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100152

Sharaf Anika Hoque , Jake Nelson , Mahir Tajwar , Ashraf Uddin , Md. Fuad Hasan

This study investigated the impact of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes on groundwater quality in two south-central coastal districts of Bangladesh over an 18-year period (2000–2018). Satellite-derived LULC classification revealed an 883 % increase in urban area, while agricultural and barren lands declined by 4.92 % and 33.25 %, respectively. Groundwater quality was assessed using Na⁺, Cl⁻, and NO₃⁻ concentrations in shallow and deep aquifers. Spatial analyses indicated widespread exceedances of Bangladesh’s drinking water standards, particularly in the shallow aquifer. Elevated Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels suggest salinity intrusion, while high NO₃⁻ concentrations, especially in agricultural zones, points to fertilizer leaching. In contrast, deep aquifer, likely protected by thick aquitard, exhibited lower ion concentrations. Correlation analyses between 2018 LULC types and groundwater quality revealed positive associations between agricultural and urban areas with NO₃⁻ in the shallow aquifer, while vegetation correlated negatively with all ions. Barren lands near saline waterbodies correlated positively with Na⁺ and Cl⁻. Deep aquifer showed weaker correlations, supporting its relative isolation from surface influences. One-way ANOVA confirmed statistically significant differences between the aquifers (all p < 0.001), with higher concentrations in shallow groundwater. Boxplots showed elevated medians and wider interquartile ranges in shallow aquifer, indicating greater variability and susceptibility to contamination, whereas deep aquifer remained more stable. Water Quality Index (WQI) assessments also indicated consistently better water quality in the deep aquifer across most of the study area. This integrated approach helps identify poor water quality hotspot and inform sustainable land and water resource management strategies in vulnerable coastal regions.

本研究调查了18年间（2000-2018年）孟加拉国中南部两个沿海地区土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）变化对地下水质量的影响。卫星衍生的LULC分类显示，城市面积增加883 %，而农业和荒地面积分别减少4.92 %和33.25 %。用Na⁺、Cl⁻和NO₃⁻在浅层和深层含水层的浓度来评估地下水的质量。空间分析表明，孟加拉国的饮用水标准普遍超标，特别是在浅层含水层。Na⁺和Cl⁺的浓度升高表明盐碱的入侵，而NO₃⁻的浓度升高，尤其是在农业区，表明肥料漏出。相比之下，深层含水层可能受到较厚含水层的保护，离子浓度较低。2018年LULC类型与地下水质量的相关分析显示，农业和城市地区与浅层NO₃⁻呈正相关，而植被与所有离子呈负相关。盐碱化水体附近的荒地与Na⁺和Cl⁻呈正相关。深层含水层的相关性较弱，说明其相对不受地表影响。单因素方差分析证实了含水层之间的统计学显著差异（p均为 <； 0.001），浅层地下水浓度较高。箱形图显示，浅层含水层的中位数升高，四分位数范围更宽，表明其变异性更大，易受污染影响，而深层含水层则保持稳定。水质指数（WQI）评价也表明，在大多数研究区，深层含水层的水质始终较好。这种综合方法有助于确定水质差的热点，并为脆弱沿海地区的可持续土地和水资源管理战略提供信息。

{"title":"Multi-scale assessment of land use and land cover dynamics on groundwater quality in the south-central coastal region of Bangladesh","authors":"Sharaf Anika Hoque , Jake Nelson , Mahir Tajwar , Ashraf Uddin , Md. Fuad Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the impact of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes on groundwater quality in two south-central coastal districts of Bangladesh over an 18-year period (2000–2018). Satellite-derived LULC classification revealed an 883 % increase in urban area, while agricultural and barren lands declined by 4.92 % and 33.25 %, respectively. Groundwater quality was assessed using Na⁺, Cl⁻, and NO₃⁻ concentrations in shallow and deep aquifers. Spatial analyses indicated widespread exceedances of Bangladesh’s drinking water standards, particularly in the shallow aquifer. Elevated Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels suggest salinity intrusion, while high NO₃⁻ concentrations, especially in agricultural zones, points to fertilizer leaching. In contrast, deep aquifer, likely protected by thick aquitard, exhibited lower ion concentrations. Correlation analyses between 2018 LULC types and groundwater quality revealed positive associations between agricultural and urban areas with NO₃⁻ in the shallow aquifer, while vegetation correlated negatively with all ions. Barren lands near saline waterbodies correlated positively with Na⁺ and Cl⁻. Deep aquifer showed weaker correlations, supporting its relative isolation from surface influences. One-way ANOVA confirmed statistically significant differences between the aquifers (all p < 0.001), with higher concentrations in shallow groundwater. Boxplots showed elevated medians and wider interquartile ranges in shallow aquifer, indicating greater variability and susceptibility to contamination, whereas deep aquifer remained more stable. Water Quality Index (WQI) assessments also indicated consistently better water quality in the deep aquifer across most of the study area. This integrated approach helps identify poor water quality hotspot and inform sustainable land and water resource management strategies in vulnerable coastal regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns and predictors of household water treatment in India 印度家庭用水处理的模式和预测因素

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100151

Ritika Rajput , Aniket Kumar

Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, with water quality serving as the key determinant of its safety. Household water treatment practices offer an effective means of addressing water quality challenges, particularly in the context of developing countries. This study aims to assess the status, patterns and predictors such as socio-economic, demographic, and infrastructural factors determining water treatment practices at household level in India using National Family Health Survey (2019–2021). The results show that 41.7 % of households practiced water treatment which is more prevalent in urban areas (56.5 %) than rural areas (34.3 %). Across states and union territories, water treatment varies from over 95 % in Nagaland and Kerala to less than 10 % in Bihar. Boiling (38.3 %) is the most prevalent practice followed by strain through cloth (35.6 %), water filter (16.7 %), chlorine bleaching (8.1 %) and electronic purifiers (3.3 %). The strongest positive predictors of household water treatment are the richest wealth quintile (AOR=4.399), having higher education (AOR=1.830), pucca house type (AOR=1.350), residing in an urban area (AOR=1.213), using a flush toilet (AOR=1.022) and a pit latrine (AOR=1.280). By situating these findings within the broader context of water quality challenges such as pollution and contamination, we emphasize the need to enhance the adoption of context-specific household water treatment interventions to ensure safe drinking water for all.

获得安全饮用水是一项基本人权，水质是其安全的关键决定因素。家庭水处理做法是应对水质挑战的有效手段，特别是在发展中国家。本研究旨在利用全国家庭健康调查（2019-2021年），评估决定印度家庭水处理做法的社会经济、人口和基础设施因素等现状、模式和预测因素。结果表明，41.7 %的家庭进行了水处理，其中城市地区（56.5 %）比农村地区（34.3% %）更为普遍。在各邦和联邦属地，水处理量从那加兰邦和喀拉拉邦的95% %以上到比哈尔邦的10% %以下不等。煮沸（38.3 %）是最普遍的做法，其次是滤布（35.6 %），水过滤器（16.7 %），氯漂白（8.1 %）和电子净化器（3.3 %）。家庭水处理的最强正向预测因子为最富裕五分位数（AOR=4.399）、高学历（AOR=1.830）、pucca房屋类型（AOR=1.350）、居住在城市（AOR=1.213）、使用抽水马桶（AOR=1.022）和坑式厕所（AOR=1.280）。通过将这些研究结果置于污染和污染等水质挑战的更广泛背景下，我们强调有必要加强采用针对具体情况的家庭水处理干预措施，以确保所有人都能获得安全饮用水。

{"title":"Patterns and predictors of household water treatment in India","authors":"Ritika Rajput , Aniket Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, with water quality serving as the key determinant of its safety. Household water treatment practices offer an effective means of addressing water quality challenges, particularly in the context of developing countries. This study aims to assess the status, patterns and predictors such as socio-economic, demographic, and infrastructural factors determining water treatment practices at household level in India using National Family Health Survey (2019–2021). The results show that 41.7 % of households practiced water treatment which is more prevalent in urban areas (56.5 %) than rural areas (34.3 %). Across states and union territories, water treatment varies from over 95 % in Nagaland and Kerala to less than 10 % in Bihar. Boiling (38.3 %) is the most prevalent practice followed by strain through cloth (35.6 %), water filter (16.7 %), chlorine bleaching (8.1 %) and electronic purifiers (3.3 %). The strongest positive predictors of household water treatment are the richest wealth quintile (AOR=4.399), having higher education (AOR=1.830), pucca house type (AOR=1.350), residing in an urban area (AOR=1.213), using a flush toilet (AOR=1.022) and a pit latrine (AOR=1.280). By situating these findings within the broader context of water quality challenges such as pollution and contamination, we emphasize the need to enhance the adoption of context-specific household water treatment interventions to ensure safe drinking water for all.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of firefighting effluents from a sugar refinery fire on river water quality in Bangladesh 孟加拉国一家制糖厂火灾产生的消防废水对河流水质的影响

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100150

Md. Mehedi Hassan Masum , Md. Bashirul Islam , Asiful Hoque , Md. Arif Hossen

Sugar refinery industries are vital to the economy, but fire incidents at these facilities can cause severe environmental impacts. During a fire, firefighting water can mix with sugar processing residues, generating effluents that enter nearby rivers and deteriorate water quality. This study assesses the pollution status of the Karnaphuli River following a fire at a sugar refinery in Karnaphuli Upazila, Chattogram. Wastewater samples collected from multiple discharge points were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, nutrients, and heavy metals. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were far below the acceptable limit (0.45–2.34 mg/L), while biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅, 979–2557 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD, 1656–3810 mg/L) were substantially elevated, indicating severe organic pollution and oxygen depletion. Nutrient concentrations, particularly nitrate, were high, suggesting a risk of eutrophication. Heavy metals such as Fe and Mn exceeded permissible limits, posing threats to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Pollution indices further confirmed the severity of contamination: Metal Index (MI) ranged from 7.3 to 21.2, Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) varied between 111 and 312, and River Pollution Index (RPI), Organic Pollution Index (OPI), and River Organic Pollution Index (ROPI) indicated moderate to severe pollution levels. These findings indicate river pollution extends downstream, ultimately affecting the Bay of Bengal, and underscore the urgent need for on-site effluent treatment, PFAS monitoring, and stricter firewater disposal policies to safeguard aquatic ecosystems from industrial fire events.

制糖工业对经济至关重要，但这些设施的火灾事故会造成严重的环境影响。火灾发生时，消防用水会与糖加工残留物混合，产生的污水会进入附近的河流，使水质恶化。本研究评估了恰图兰邦Karnaphuli Upazila一家糖厂发生火灾后，Karnaphuli河的污染状况。从多个排放点收集的废水样本进行了理化参数、营养物质和重金属的分析。溶解氧（DO）水平远低于可接受限值（0.45 ~ 2.34 mg/L），生化需氧量（BOD5, 979 ~ 2557 mg/L）和化学需氧量（COD, 1656 ~ 3810 mg/L）显著升高，表明有机污染和氧气消耗严重。营养物浓度，特别是硝酸盐浓度很高，表明有富营养化的危险。铁、锰等重金属超标，对人体健康和水生生态系统构成威胁。污染指数进一步证实了污染的严重程度：金属污染指数（MI）在7.3 ~ 21.2之间，重金属污染指数（HPI）在111 ~ 312之间，河流污染指数（RPI）、有机污染指数（OPI）和河流有机污染指数（ROPI）表明污染程度为中度至重度。这些发现表明，河流污染向下游延伸，最终影响到孟加拉湾，并强调迫切需要现场污水处理、PFAS监测和更严格的消防水处理政策，以保护水生生态系统免受工业火灾事件的影响。

{"title":"Impacts of firefighting effluents from a sugar refinery fire on river water quality in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Mehedi Hassan Masum , Md. Bashirul Islam , Asiful Hoque , Md. Arif Hossen","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugar refinery industries are vital to the economy, but fire incidents at these facilities can cause severe environmental impacts. During a fire, firefighting water can mix with sugar processing residues, generating effluents that enter nearby rivers and deteriorate water quality. This study assesses the pollution status of the Karnaphuli River following a fire at a sugar refinery in Karnaphuli Upazila, Chattogram. Wastewater samples collected from multiple discharge points were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, nutrients, and heavy metals. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were far below the acceptable limit (0.45–2.34 mg/L), while biochemical oxygen demand (BOD<sub>5</sub>, 979–2557 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD, 1656–3810 mg/L) were substantially elevated, indicating severe organic pollution and oxygen depletion. Nutrient concentrations, particularly nitrate, were high, suggesting a risk of eutrophication. Heavy metals such as Fe and Mn exceeded permissible limits, posing threats to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Pollution indices further confirmed the severity of contamination: Metal Index (MI) ranged from 7.3 to 21.2, Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) varied between 111 and 312, and River Pollution Index (RPI), Organic Pollution Index (OPI), and River Organic Pollution Index (ROPI) indicated moderate to severe pollution levels. These findings indicate river pollution extends downstream, ultimately affecting the Bay of Bengal, and underscore the urgent need for on-site effluent treatment, PFAS monitoring, and stricter firewater disposal policies to safeguard aquatic ecosystems from industrial fire events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in Moilakanda, Mymensingh City: Insights from water quality indices and multivariate analysis 迈门辛格市莫伊拉坎达地下水质量综合评价：来自水质指数和多变量分析的见解

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100148

Md. Amit Hasan , S. Bipulendu Basak , Md Khairul Haque , Sujit Kumar Roy

Groundwater is a source of drinking water, but the quality of the water is increasingly exposed to the dangers of both natural and human actions, Combined strategies based on Water Quality Indices (WQI, WPI), multivariate statistical methods, and Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping are still underused in groundwater quality assessment studies which inhibits a deeper understanding of contamination sources and their spatial distribution. This study aims to assess groundwater quality for drinking purposes by calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Water Pollution Index (WPI), identify predominant influencing parameters using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and map the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters and indices using GIS. In 13 out of 15 samples, manganese levels averaged 2.1416 mg/L, about six times above the standard limit of 0.4 mg/L. Mathematically, Water Pollution Index rated 54 % of the samples as highly contaminated and at a depth of 60 feet, and similarly, the WQI rated 47 % of the samples as excellent or good and were at a depth of 80 feet to 100 feet. Overall, 7 samples indicated good water, and 8 were moderate to highly polluted. PCA identified iron and manganese as major pollutants, as they exceeded the Eigenvalues of 0.75, indicating strong pollution and as well Cluster Analysis (CA) grouped the contaminated samples near the during site. Pearson correlation revealed strong relations among TDS, Alkalinity, Mn, and Chloride.The mechanism of water pollution is more pronounced in shallow aquifers than in deeper ones, primarily due to the infiltration of dumped materials. The results can guide local government and communities to adopt good water purification systems, improve waste management strategies, and resettle or scientifically control dumping sites to safeguard human health and to ensure clean drinking water in Moilakanda.

地下水是饮用水的重要来源，但水质日益受到自然和人类活动的危害，基于水质指数（WQI， WPI）、多元统计方法和地理信息系统（GIS）制图的综合策略在地下水质量评价研究中仍未得到充分利用，这阻碍了对污染源及其空间分布的深入了解。本研究旨在通过计算水质指数（WQI）和水污染指数（WPI）对饮用水水质进行评价，利用主成分分析（PCA）识别主要影响参数，并利用GIS绘制理化参数和指标的空间分布图。在15个样本中，有13个样本的锰含量平均为2.1416毫克/升，比标准限量0.4毫克/升高出约6倍。从数学上讲，水污染指数将54 %的样本评为高度污染，深度为60英尺，同样，WQI将47 %的样本评为优秀或良好，深度为80英尺至100英尺。总体而言，7个样本水质良好，8个样本污染中度至重度。主成分分析（PCA）认为铁和锰是主要污染物，它们超过了0.75的特征值，表明污染较强，聚类分析（CA）将污染样品分组在现场附近。Pearson相关性显示TDS、碱度、Mn和氯化物之间有很强的相关性。水体污染机制在浅层比深层更为明显，这主要是由于倾倒物的入渗。研究结果可以指导当地政府和社区采用良好的水净化系统，改进废物管理策略，重新安置或科学控制倾倒场地，以保障人类健康并确保莫伊拉坎达的清洁饮用水。

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in Moilakanda, Mymensingh City: Insights from water quality indices and multivariate analysis","authors":"Md. Amit Hasan , S. Bipulendu Basak , Md Khairul Haque , Sujit Kumar Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater is a source of drinking water, but the quality of the water is increasingly exposed to the dangers of both natural and human actions, Combined strategies based on Water Quality Indices (WQI, WPI), multivariate statistical methods, and Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping are still underused in groundwater quality assessment studies which inhibits a deeper understanding of contamination sources and their spatial distribution. This study aims to assess groundwater quality for drinking purposes by calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Water Pollution Index (WPI), identify predominant influencing parameters using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and map the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters and indices using GIS. In 13 out of 15 samples, manganese levels averaged 2.1416 mg/L, about six times above the standard limit of 0.4 mg/L. Mathematically, Water Pollution Index rated 54 % of the samples as highly contaminated and at a depth of 60 feet, and similarly, the WQI rated 47 % of the samples as excellent or good and were at a depth of 80 feet to 100 feet. Overall, 7 samples indicated good water, and 8 were moderate to highly polluted. PCA identified iron and manganese as major pollutants, as they exceeded the Eigenvalues of 0.75, indicating strong pollution and as well Cluster Analysis (CA) grouped the contaminated samples near the during site. Pearson correlation revealed strong relations among TDS, Alkalinity, Mn, and Chloride.The mechanism of water pollution is more pronounced in shallow aquifers than in deeper ones, primarily due to the infiltration of dumped materials. The results can guide local government and communities to adopt good water purification systems, improve waste management strategies, and resettle or scientifically control dumping sites to safeguard human health and to ensure clean drinking water in Moilakanda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A one-step facile synthesis of ZnO@fly ash from refuse-derived waste for adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue 一步法合成ZnO@fly垃圾灰吸附光催化降解亚甲基蓝

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100149

R. Arunkumar, R. Venkataraghavan, K. Chithra

The increasing water pollution caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization necessitates the development of cost-effective treatment strategies. Addressing this issue, the present research focuses on the development of thermal power plant waste-derived fly ash combined with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to produce a ZnO-fly ash composite (ZnO@FA) using a facile, single-step microwave (MW) process. Low-molecular-weight chitosan was utilized to facilitate the effective binding of ZnO onto fly ash (FA) particles, resulting in the formation of the ZnO@FA composite. The synthesis parameters were optimized by varying the FA dosage to ensure maximum FA utilization and enhance sequential adsorption-photocatalytic activity for effective degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The prepared composite was characterized using sophisticated analytical techniques, including UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS, DLS, BET, and ESR analyses to study its physicochemical properties. The ZnO@FA containing 2 g of FA (ZnO@FA-2) exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 96.05 % at pH 7, a composite dosage of 5 g/L, an initial MB dye concentration of 20 ppm, and a reaction time of 4 h. Further, ZnO@FA-2 exhibited promising photocatalytic activity even after five regeneration cycles, proving its sustainability. The superoxide (O₂•^-) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals were responsible for the photocatalytic degradation process. The degradation of MB dye was further confirmed using HPLC-MS analysis. Thus, the present research paves the way for developing novel composite materials from low-cost byproducts, facilitating both effective solid waste management and reutilization.

快速城市化和工业化造成的日益严重的水污染要求开发具有成本效益的处理策略。为了解决这一问题，本研究的重点是利用简单的单步微波（MW）工艺，将火电厂废料粉煤灰与氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）结合，制备ZnO-粉煤灰复合材料（ZnO@FA）。利用低分子量壳聚糖促进氧化锌与粉煤灰（FA）颗粒的有效结合，形成ZnO@FA复合材料。通过改变FA用量对合成工艺参数进行优化，以保证FA的最大利用率，提高序列吸附-光催化活性，有效降解亚甲基蓝染料。采用UV-Vis、FT-IR、XRD、SEM-EDS、DLS、BET、ESR等分析技术对制备的复合材料进行了表征，研究了其理化性质。当pH为7、复合投加量为5 g/L、MB染料初始浓度为20 ppm、反应时间为4 h时，含有2 g FA （ZnO@FA-2）的ZnO@FA的降解效率最高，为96.05 %。此外，ZnO@FA-2在5次再生循环后也表现出良好的光催化活性，证明了其可持续性。超氧化物（O2•-）和羟基（•OH）自由基参与了光催化降解过程。通过HPLC-MS分析进一步证实了MB染料的降解作用。因此，本研究为从低成本副产品中开发新型复合材料铺平了道路，促进了有效的固体废物管理和再利用。

{"title":"A one-step facile synthesis of ZnO@fly ash from refuse-derived waste for adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue","authors":"R. Arunkumar, R. Venkataraghavan, K. Chithra","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing water pollution caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization necessitates the development of cost-effective treatment strategies. Addressing this issue, the present research focuses on the development of thermal power plant waste-derived fly ash combined with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to produce a ZnO-fly ash composite (ZnO@FA) using a facile, single-step microwave (MW) process. Low-molecular-weight chitosan was utilized to facilitate the effective binding of ZnO onto fly ash (FA) particles, resulting in the formation of the ZnO@FA composite. The synthesis parameters were optimized by varying the FA dosage to ensure maximum FA utilization and enhance sequential adsorption-photocatalytic activity for effective degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The prepared composite was characterized using sophisticated analytical techniques, including UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS, DLS, BET, and ESR analyses to study its physicochemical properties. The ZnO@FA containing 2 g of FA (ZnO@FA-2) exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 96.05 % at pH 7, a composite dosage of 5 g/L, an initial MB dye concentration of 20 ppm, and a reaction time of 4 h. Further, ZnO@FA-2 exhibited promising photocatalytic activity even after five regeneration cycles, proving its sustainability. The superoxide (O<sub>2</sub>•<sup>-</sup>) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals were responsible for the photocatalytic degradation process. The degradation of MB dye was further confirmed using HPLC-MS analysis. Thus, the present research paves the way for developing novel composite materials from low-cost byproducts, facilitating both effective solid waste management and reutilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of hydro-chemical characteristics and pollution status in Rudrasagar Lake ecosystem integrating pollution indices and geospatial techniques: A framework for sustainable wetland management 基于污染指数和地理空间技术的鲁德拉萨加尔湖生态系统水化学特征和污染状况评价：湿地可持续管理框架

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100142

Pradip Debnath , Arpita Biswas , Punarbasu Chaudhuri , Saptarshi Mitra

Assessment of water quality is fundamental for sustainable ecosystem management as surface waters are alarmingly vulnerable to contamination. Therefore, understanding spatial variation and identifying pollutant sources are vital for robust wetland restoration. In this context, this study presented a comprehensive evaluation of hydro-chemical characteristics of Rudrasagar Lake and their pollution status. In this study, 12 hydro-chemical variables were considered at 24 sampling sites distributed across peripheral and core areas of the lake. Meanwhile, multivariate statistical approach was employed to assess interdependencies among observed variables. Factor analysis identified five potential factors explaining about 80 % of total variance, attributed to anthropogenic pressures and geo-genic processes as dominant controlling factors. This study integrated water quality indices to categorize pollution level as ascertained with WHO guidelines. Comprehensive Pollution Index for Wetland (CPIW) illustrated that most sites (41.67 %) were classified as ‘high pollution zone’ that located in peripheral areas, while 25.0 % were categorised as moderate pollution zone. Similarly, Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) indicated that 41.67 % of sampling sites exhibited partially contaminated, 37.50 % showed moderate contamination whereas 20.83 % displayed moderate to heavily contamination. Most hydro-chemical variables were influenced primarily by pollution from wastewater, agricultural runoff and municipal discharge. Contamination patterns were dominated primarily by Non-point source pollution like farmland discharge and surface effluents. Peripheral monitoring sites showed higher susceptibility to pollution and contamination. These findings signified substantial alterations in water quality and offer valuable implications for effective wetland management strategies. Immediate policy implementation is recommended to rejuvenate overall wetland health.

水质评估是可持续生态系统管理的基础，因为地表水极易受到污染。因此，了解湿地的空间变化，识别污染源，对湿地的稳健恢复至关重要。在此背景下，本研究对鲁德拉萨加尔湖的水化学特征及其污染状况进行了综合评价。在本研究中，考虑了分布在湖泊外围和核心区域的24个采样点的12个水化学变量。同时，采用多元统计方法评估观察变量之间的相互依赖关系。因子分析确定了5个潜在因素，解释了约80% %的总方差，归因于人为压力和地质过程是主要的控制因素。本研究综合水质指标，根据世界卫生组织的指导方针对污染程度进行分类。湿地综合污染指数（CPIW）显示，大部分地点（41.67 %）位于外围地区，被列为“高污染区”，而25.0 %的地点被列为中度污染区。同样地，地质积累指数（Igeo）显示41.67 %的采样点为部分污染，37.50 %为中度污染，20.83 %为中度至重度污染。大多数水化学变量主要受废水、农业径流和城市排放污染的影响。污染模式主要以农田排放和地表污水等非点源污染为主。外围监测点对污染和污染的易感性较高。这些发现表明了水质的重大变化，并为有效的湿地管理策略提供了有价值的启示。建议立即实施政策，以恢复湿地的整体健康。

{"title":"Assessment of hydro-chemical characteristics and pollution status in Rudrasagar Lake ecosystem integrating pollution indices and geospatial techniques: A framework for sustainable wetland management","authors":"Pradip Debnath , Arpita Biswas , Punarbasu Chaudhuri , Saptarshi Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessment of water quality is fundamental for sustainable ecosystem management as surface waters are alarmingly vulnerable to contamination. Therefore, understanding spatial variation and identifying pollutant sources are vital for robust wetland restoration. In this context, this study presented a comprehensive evaluation of hydro-chemical characteristics of Rudrasagar Lake and their pollution status. In this study, 12 hydro-chemical variables were considered at 24 sampling sites distributed across peripheral and core areas of the lake. Meanwhile, multivariate statistical approach was employed to assess interdependencies among observed variables. Factor analysis identified five potential factors explaining about 80 % of total variance, attributed to anthropogenic pressures and geo-genic processes as dominant controlling factors. This study integrated water quality indices to categorize pollution level as ascertained with WHO guidelines. Comprehensive Pollution Index for Wetland (CPIW) illustrated that most sites (41.67 %) were classified as ‘high pollution zone’ that located in peripheral areas, while 25.0 % were categorised as moderate pollution zone. Similarly, Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) indicated that 41.67 % of sampling sites exhibited partially contaminated, 37.50 % showed moderate contamination whereas 20.83 % displayed moderate to heavily contamination. Most hydro-chemical variables were influenced primarily by pollution from wastewater, agricultural runoff and municipal discharge. Contamination patterns were dominated primarily by Non-point source pollution like farmland discharge and surface effluents. Peripheral monitoring sites showed higher susceptibility to pollution and contamination. These findings signified substantial alterations in water quality and offer valuable implications for effective wetland management strategies. Immediate policy implementation is recommended to rejuvenate overall wetland health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plant-based coagulants for wastewater treatment: Recent advances and applications 植物基混凝剂用于废水处理：最新进展及应用

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100147

Murendeni P. Ravele , Olalekan C. Olatunde , Opeyemi A. Oyewo , Seshibe S. Makgato , Damian C. Onwudiwe

The increasing global demand for clean water and sustainable wastewater management has intensified interest in eco-friendly treatment technologies. Among these, plant-based coagulants have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional chemical coagulants due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and reduced sludge generation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in developing, characterizing, and applying plant-based coagulants for wastewater treatment. It discusses the fundamental coagulation mechanisms, such as charge neutralization, polymer bridging, sweep flocculation, and double-layer compression. Furthermore, it highlights the bioactive compounds and functional groups responsible for coagulation activity in various plant species. Applications in treating textile, agricultural, tannery, oil mill, and emerging pollutant-containing wastewater are critically evaluated. Additionally, recent innovations, including hybrid systems, extraction and purification enhancements, and molecular modifications, are explored to improve the performance and stability of plant-based coagulants. Future perspectives emphasise standardization, genetic engineering, and commercial scalability to facilitate broader adoption. This review underscores the potential of plant-based coagulants as viable, sustainable solutions for modern wastewater treatment challenges.

全球对清洁水和可持续废水管理的需求日益增长，增强了人们对环保处理技术的兴趣。其中，植物基混凝剂因其可生物降解性、低毒性、成本效益和减少污泥产生而成为传统化学混凝剂的有希望的替代品。本文综述了植物基混凝剂在废水处理中的开发、表征和应用方面的最新进展。讨论了电荷中和、聚合物桥接、横扫絮凝和双层压缩等基本混凝机理。此外，它强调了在各种植物中负责凝血活性的生物活性化合物和官能团。应用在处理纺织，农业，制革厂，油厂，和新兴的含污染物的废水进行了严格的评估。此外，最近的创新，包括混合系统，提取和纯化增强，和分子修饰，探索提高植物基混凝剂的性能和稳定性。未来的观点强调标准化、基因工程和商业可扩展性，以促进更广泛的采用。这篇综述强调了植物基混凝剂作为现代废水处理挑战的可行、可持续解决方案的潜力。

{"title":"Plant-based coagulants for wastewater treatment: Recent advances and applications","authors":"Murendeni P. Ravele , Olalekan C. Olatunde , Opeyemi A. Oyewo , Seshibe S. Makgato , Damian C. Onwudiwe","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global demand for clean water and sustainable wastewater management has intensified interest in eco-friendly treatment technologies. Among these, plant-based coagulants have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional chemical coagulants due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and reduced sludge generation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in developing, characterizing, and applying plant-based coagulants for wastewater treatment. It discusses the fundamental coagulation mechanisms, such as charge neutralization, polymer bridging, sweep flocculation, and double-layer compression. Furthermore, it highlights the bioactive compounds and functional groups responsible for coagulation activity in various plant species. Applications in treating textile, agricultural, tannery, oil mill, and emerging pollutant-containing wastewater are critically evaluated. Additionally, recent innovations, including hybrid systems, extraction and purification enhancements, and molecular modifications, are explored to improve the performance and stability of plant-based coagulants. Future perspectives emphasise standardization, genetic engineering, and commercial scalability to facilitate broader adoption. This review underscores the potential of plant-based coagulants as viable, sustainable solutions for modern wastewater treatment challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring the performance of two wastewater treatment plants in the treatment of selected antiretrovirals in the Gauteng Province, South Africa 监测南非豪登省两个污水处理厂在处理选定抗逆转录病毒药物方面的表现

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100146

Nelson T. Tsotetsi , Ndiwanga F. Rasifudi , Naadhira Seedat , Nobanathi W. Maxakato , Lukhanyo Mekuto

South Africa is classified as one of the countries in Africa with the highest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This has led to a rapid increase in the utilization of antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) and their ultimate disposal in the environment and surface waters, and these ARVDs end up in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, this study aimed to monitor selected ARVDs (lamivudine, dolutegravir, efavirenz, lopinavir, nevirapine, and emtricitabine) in two WWTPs in the Gauteng Province, South Africa. Wastewater samples were collected in summer and spring from the two WWTPs. The samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction and analyzed using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. In summer, the influent concentrations of targeted ARVDs from WWTP1 ranged from 0.285 - 3.90 ng/mL, while in WWTP2, it was 1.18–7.28 ng/mL, while the effluent concentrations ranged from n.d.–0935 ng/mL for WWTP1 and n.d.–0.24 ng/mL for WWTP2. In winter, the influent concentrations of targeted ARVDs from WWTP1 ranged from 0.505 - 6.98 ng/mL, while in WWTP2, it was 1.47–9.18 ng/mL, while the effluent concentrations ranged from n.d.–1.095 ng/mL for WWTP1 and 0.01–0.93 ng/mL for WWTP2. The performance of WWTP1 in summer and winter ranged from 76 % to 100 % and 70–100 %, respectively, while WWTP2 achieved 97–100 % and 96–100 %, respectively. The data shows that the two WWTPs are performing well in the treatment of the selected ARVDs.

南非被列为非洲感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）人数最多的国家之一。这导致抗逆转录病毒药物（ARVDs）的使用迅速增加，并最终在环境和地表水中处置，这些ARVDs最终进入废水处理厂（WWTPs）。因此，本研究旨在监测南非Gauteng省两个污水处理厂中选定的arvd（拉米夫定、多鲁特格拉韦、依非韦伦、洛匹那韦、奈韦拉平和恩曲他滨）。在夏季和春季采集了两个污水处理厂的废水样本。样品采用固相萃取法提取，液相色谱质谱法分析。夏季，WWTP1的目标arvd进水浓度为0.285 ~ 3.90 ng/mL， WWTP2为1.18 ~ 7.28 ng/mL，而WWTP1和WWTP2的出水浓度分别为nd - 0935 ng/mL和nd - 0.24 ng/mL。冬季，WWTP1的目标arvd进水浓度为0.505 ~ 6.98 ng/mL， WWTP2为1.47 ~ 9.18 ng/mL， WWTP1的出水浓度为nd ~ 1.095 ng/mL， WWTP2的出水浓度为0.01 ~ 0.93 ng/mL。WWTP1在夏季和冬季的表现分别为76 % ~ 100 %和70-100 %，而WWTP2在夏季和冬季的表现分别为97-100 %和96-100 %。数据显示，这两种污水处理剂在治疗所选arvd方面表现良好。

{"title":"Monitoring the performance of two wastewater treatment plants in the treatment of selected antiretrovirals in the Gauteng Province, South Africa","authors":"Nelson T. Tsotetsi , Ndiwanga F. Rasifudi , Naadhira Seedat , Nobanathi W. Maxakato , Lukhanyo Mekuto","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>South Africa is classified as one of the countries in Africa with the highest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This has led to a rapid increase in the utilization of antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) and their ultimate disposal in the environment and surface waters, and these ARVDs end up in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, this study aimed to monitor selected ARVDs (lamivudine, dolutegravir, efavirenz, lopinavir, nevirapine, and emtricitabine) in two WWTPs in the Gauteng Province, South Africa. Wastewater samples were collected in summer and spring from the two WWTPs. The samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction and analyzed using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. In summer, the influent concentrations of targeted ARVDs from WWTP1 ranged from 0.285 - 3.90 ng/mL, while in WWTP2, it was 1.18–7.28 ng/mL, while the effluent concentrations ranged from n.d.–0935 ng/mL for WWTP1 and n.d.–0.24 ng/mL for WWTP2. In winter, the influent concentrations of targeted ARVDs from WWTP1 ranged from 0.505 - 6.98 ng/mL, while in WWTP2, it was 1.47–9.18 ng/mL, while the effluent concentrations ranged from n.d.–1.095 ng/mL for WWTP1 and 0.01–0.93 ng/mL for WWTP2. The performance of WWTP1 in summer and winter ranged from 76 % to 100 % and 70–100 %, respectively, while WWTP2 achieved 97–100 % and 96–100 %, respectively. The data shows that the two WWTPs are performing well in the treatment of the selected ARVDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potential pollution sources of heavy metals and nutrient variability in water of Sandwip Island, Patenga Coast, and Karnaphuli River 桑威普岛、Patenga海岸和Karnaphuli河水体重金属潜在污染源及养分变异

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100145

M. Abbas Alam , Sheikh Fahim Faysal Sowrav , M. Safiur Rahman , A.M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury , Tasrina Rabia Choudhury

This study aims to assess the spatial variations in heavy metal contamination and nutrient levels in the water bodies of the Lower Meghna Estuary (Sandwip), Patenga Coast, and the Karnaphuli River. The major pollution sources, including industrial effluents, urban runoff, and sedimentation have also been identified. The results highlight the ecological risks posed by heavy metals, providing critical data for informing environmental management strategies in these coastal ecosystems. A comprehensive analysis of 24 elements, including heavy metals and other trace elements, (Sb, Ba, Se, Sn, As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Ag, Zn, Mn, B, Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Sr, P, Li, Mo, Ti) and selected nutrient ions (F^-, Cl^-, NO₂^-, Br-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-) was conducted across multiple sampling points. The results revealed noteworthy spatial and temporal trends in heavy metal concentrations. For instance, Sb, Ba, and Se exhibited varying levels across different sites, while the presence of Cd, Cu, and Zn indicated potential anthropogenic influences. Patenga has significantly elevated levels of several elements, including Ca (111.76 mg/L), K (270.65 mg/L), B (1.423 mg/L), and Ni (0.11 mg/L) compared to both Karnaphuli and Sandwip. Cu was found at very low concentrations (<0.01 mg/L in Karnaphuli, 0.064 mg/L in Patenga), and Pb remained near the guideline threshold (0.012–0.013 mg/L). Nutrient analysis unveiled diverse ion concentrations, suggesting dynamic ecological processes. These findings are crucial for understanding the environmental health of these water bodies. The data can guide policymakers and environmental scientists in developing strategies for mitigating contamination and preserving the ecological balance of these vital ecosystems. Further research is recommended to monitor long-term trends and assess the potential impacts on aquatic life and human health.

本研究旨在评估梅克纳河下游河口（Sandwip）、Patenga海岸和Karnaphuli河水体中重金属污染和营养水平的空间变化。还确定了主要污染源，包括工业废水、城市径流和沉积。研究结果强调了重金属带来的生态风险，为这些沿海生态系统的环境管理策略提供了关键数据。在多个采样点对24种元素进行了综合分析，包括重金属和其他微量元素（Sb、Ba、Se、Sn、As、Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni、Ag、Zn、Mn、B、Fe、Al、Ca、Mg、K、Sr、P、Li、Mo、Ti）以及选定的营养离子（F-、Cl-、NO2-、Br-、NO3-、SO42-）。结果揭示了重金属浓度的时空变化趋势。例如，Sb、Ba和Se在不同的位点表现出不同的水平，而Cd、Cu和Zn的存在表明潜在的人为影响。与Karnaphuli和Sandwip相比，Patenga的几种元素含量显著提高，包括Ca（111.76 mg/L）、K（270.65 mg/L）、B（1.423 mg/L）和Ni（0.11 mg/L）。Cu的浓度非常低（Karnaphuli为0.01 mg/L， Patenga为0.064 mg/L）， Pb的浓度接近指导阈值（0.012-0.013 mg/L）。养分分析揭示了不同的离子浓度，提示动态生态过程。这些发现对于了解这些水体的环境健康至关重要。这些数据可以指导决策者和环境科学家制定减轻污染和保持这些重要生态系统生态平衡的战略。建议进行进一步研究，以监测长期趋势并评估对水生生物和人类健康的潜在影响。

{"title":"Potential pollution sources of heavy metals and nutrient variability in water of Sandwip Island, Patenga Coast, and Karnaphuli River","authors":"M. Abbas Alam , Sheikh Fahim Faysal Sowrav , M. Safiur Rahman , A.M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury , Tasrina Rabia Choudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to assess the spatial variations in heavy metal contamination and nutrient levels in the water bodies of the Lower Meghna Estuary (Sandwip), Patenga Coast, and the Karnaphuli River. The major pollution sources, including industrial effluents, urban runoff, and sedimentation have also been identified. The results highlight the ecological risks posed by heavy metals, providing critical data for informing environmental management strategies in these coastal ecosystems. A comprehensive analysis of 24 elements, including heavy metals and other trace elements, (Sb, Ba, Se, Sn, As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Ag, Zn, Mn, B, Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Sr, P, Li, Mo, Ti) and selected nutrient ions (F<sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, Br-, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) was conducted across multiple sampling points. The results revealed noteworthy spatial and temporal trends in heavy metal concentrations. For instance, Sb, Ba, and Se exhibited varying levels across different sites, while the presence of Cd, Cu, and Zn indicated potential anthropogenic influences. Patenga has significantly elevated levels of several elements, including Ca (111.76 mg/L), K (270.65 mg/L), B (1.423 mg/L), and Ni (0.11 mg/L) compared to both Karnaphuli and Sandwip. Cu was found at very low concentrations (<0.01 mg/L in Karnaphuli, 0.064 mg/L in Patenga), and Pb remained near the guideline threshold (0.012–0.013 mg/L). Nutrient analysis unveiled diverse ion concentrations, suggesting dynamic ecological processes. These findings are crucial for understanding the environmental health of these water bodies. The data can guide policymakers and environmental scientists in developing strategies for mitigating contamination and preserving the ecological balance of these vital ecosystems. Further research is recommended to monitor long-term trends and assess the potential impacts on aquatic life and human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0