Clara Michelle Tan Hwei Sian, Lai Cher Yenn, Janet Pei Ling Dua
Background
Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are recurrent, habitual behaviors, such as skin picking, hair pulling, and other compulsions, that can result in distressing cutaneous manifestations of varying severity. Many patients with BFRBs present primarily to dermatologists and a significant proportion subsequently resist engaging with psychological or psychiatric healthcare professionals. Habit reversal therapy (HRT) is one of the most effective evidence-based management strategies for BFRBs and it can be facilitated by a range of healthcare professionals including general practitioners, dermatologists, and nurses, as well as psychologists. Few dermatologists are comfortable offering HRT, making it a severely underutilized technique in the management of various skin conditions associated with BFRBs.
Objectives
This article aims to highlight strategies that dermatologists can learn to offer to positively influence the patient experience. A practical approach to implementing simplified HRT for patients with BFRBs will be demonstrated through two case studies.
{"title":"Habit Reversal Therapy by Dermatologists to Treat Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors: Review and Case Reports","authors":"Clara Michelle Tan Hwei Sian, Lai Cher Yenn, Janet Pei Ling Dua","doi":"10.1002/der2.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.240","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are recurrent, habitual behaviors, such as skin picking, hair pulling, and other compulsions, that can result in distressing cutaneous manifestations of varying severity. Many patients with BFRBs present primarily to dermatologists and a significant proportion subsequently resist engaging with psychological or psychiatric healthcare professionals. Habit reversal therapy (HRT) is one of the most effective evidence-based management strategies for BFRBs and it can be facilitated by a range of healthcare professionals including general practitioners, dermatologists, and nurses, as well as psychologists. Few dermatologists are comfortable offering HRT, making it a severely underutilized technique in the management of various skin conditions associated with BFRBs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article aims to highlight strategies that dermatologists can learn to offer to positively influence the patient experience. A practical approach to implementing simplified HRT for patients with BFRBs will be demonstrated through two case studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The neck is typically the earliest and most visible site of aging-related esthetic changes; it is an area about which patients frequently express esthetic concerns and seek approaches to rejuvenation. This narrative review examines the current understanding of age-related structural and cellular changes in the neck and skin, treatment approaches to neck rejuvenation, specifically noninvasive and minimally invasive approaches including skincare, and key patient factors to consider.
Methods
A literature search of relevant publications was performed. Experience-based recommendations for clinical assessment and treatment approach are provided to complement the current literature.
Results
Neck aging results from a combination of intrinsic factors, such as genetic background, and extrinsic factors, primarily ultraviolet light exposure. Positive treatment outcomes begin with thorough patient assessment, including neck aging status, patient-specific intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and evaluation of skin type, which may help predict positive (e.g., skin tightening) and negative (e.g., dyspigmentation) dermal responses to specific procedures. In addition to skincare, a range of noninvasive, directed-energy techniques (e.g., chromophore-based lasers, ablative lasers, intense pulsed light, microfocused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, laser-assisted lipolysis, and radiofrequency irradiation) and minimally invasive techniques (e.g., neurotoxins, microneedling, and fillers) are currently used for neck rejuvenation. A comprehensive approach to assessment and treatment contributes toward improved patient outcomes.
Conclusions
The neck aging process develops over time, and a prejuvenation strategy, including effective skincare, should be considered. The development of comprehensive noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques geared toward the neck and face as a single entity should provide better outcomes and fulfillment of patient esthetic goals for this critical area.
{"title":"Neck Aging and Rejuvenation: A Balanced Approach to Assessment and Treatment","authors":"Wendy E. Roberts, Tsing Cheng","doi":"10.1002/der2.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.238","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The neck is typically the earliest and most visible site of aging-related esthetic changes; it is an area about which patients frequently express esthetic concerns and seek approaches to rejuvenation. This narrative review examines the current understanding of age-related structural and cellular changes in the neck and skin, treatment approaches to neck rejuvenation, specifically noninvasive and minimally invasive approaches including skincare, and key patient factors to consider.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search of relevant publications was performed. Experience-based recommendations for clinical assessment and treatment approach are provided to complement the current literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neck aging results from a combination of intrinsic factors, such as genetic background, and extrinsic factors, primarily ultraviolet light exposure. Positive treatment outcomes begin with thorough patient assessment, including neck aging status, patient-specific intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and evaluation of skin type, which may help predict positive (e.g., skin tightening) and negative (e.g., dyspigmentation) dermal responses to specific procedures. In addition to skincare, a range of noninvasive, directed-energy techniques (e.g., chromophore-based lasers, ablative lasers, intense pulsed light, microfocused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, laser-assisted lipolysis, and radiofrequency irradiation) and minimally invasive techniques (e.g., neurotoxins, microneedling, and fillers) are currently used for neck rejuvenation. A comprehensive approach to assessment and treatment contributes toward improved patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The neck aging process develops over time, and a prejuvenation strategy, including effective skincare, should be considered. The development of comprehensive noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques geared toward the neck and face as a single entity should provide better outcomes and fulfillment of patient esthetic goals for this critical area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology is revolutionizing the diagnostic methods and management strategies and hence is uplifting the overall patient care. AI technologies have shown a significant potential in automated diagnosis, severity assessment of chronic cutaneous diseases like psoriasis, and the development of comprehensive dermatological databases is helping in swift disease detection.
Objective
This review aims to explore the current landscape and future potential of AI in inflammatory skin diseases. It focuses on various automated diagnostic systems, the role of AI in assessment and staging of chronic inflammatory dermatological conditions, and the importance of dermatological databases. The review also addresses the various challenges associated with AI implementation.
Methods
A extensive literature search was conducted from databases namely, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. Search terms included combinations of “artificial intelligence,” “deep learning,” “dermatology,” “automated diagnosis,” and “dermatological databases” from different field of study. Articles were selected and reviewed based on relevance and quality, highlighting studies demonstrating AI's impact on diagnosis and management.
Results
AI-powered diagnostic systems have ominously advanced, offering noninvasive and accessible diagnostic tool(s) that use extensive datasets to improve accuracy and efficacy across different populations. The development of dermatological databases is fundamental for training of different AI models. Despite these advances, challenges related to data privacy, regulatory oversight, and inclusivity in AI models persist. Addressing these challenges is essential for augmenting and optimizing AI's potential in dermatology.
Conclusion
AI is set to transmute dermatology by augmenting diagnostic precision, customizing treatment plans, and making dermatological care more reachable, particularly in underprivileged areas. This review highlights the various advances made in AI for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory skin disorders, acknowledging the ethical and technical hurdles that need to be addressed.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Inflammatory Skin Disorders","authors":"Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni, Nasim Gholizadeh, Mahsa Babaei, Kinnor Das, Shainee Datta","doi":"10.1002/der2.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.243","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology is revolutionizing the diagnostic methods and management strategies and hence is uplifting the overall patient care. AI technologies have shown a significant potential in automated diagnosis, severity assessment of chronic cutaneous diseases like psoriasis, and the development of comprehensive dermatological databases is helping in swift disease detection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review aims to explore the current landscape and future potential of AI in inflammatory skin diseases. It focuses on various automated diagnostic systems, the role of AI in assessment and staging of chronic inflammatory dermatological conditions, and the importance of dermatological databases. The review also addresses the various challenges associated with AI implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A extensive literature search was conducted from databases namely, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. Search terms included combinations of “artificial intelligence,” “deep learning,” “dermatology,” “automated diagnosis,” and “dermatological databases” from different field of study. Articles were selected and reviewed based on relevance and quality, highlighting studies demonstrating AI's impact on diagnosis and management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI-powered diagnostic systems have ominously advanced, offering noninvasive and accessible diagnostic tool(s) that use extensive datasets to improve accuracy and efficacy across different populations. The development of dermatological databases is fundamental for training of different AI models. Despite these advances, challenges related to data privacy, regulatory oversight, and inclusivity in AI models persist. Addressing these challenges is essential for augmenting and optimizing AI's potential in dermatology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI is set to transmute dermatology by augmenting diagnostic precision, customizing treatment plans, and making dermatological care more reachable, particularly in underprivileged areas. This review highlights the various advances made in AI for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory skin disorders, acknowledging the ethical and technical hurdles that need to be addressed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni, Nasim Gholizadeh, Mahsa Babaei, Kinnor Das
Background
Infective and infectious dermatological diseases, which range from minor diseases like impetigo to serious diseases like deep fungal infections, pose significant public health issues. Given the growth of drug-resistant microorganisms, it is critical to investigate novel techniques in dermatology. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown promising results in improving the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infectious skin disorders. This has the potential to significantly improve dermatological treatment by combining physician experience with data-driven insights.
Objective
This review will look into the existing uses and future possibilities of AI technologies in infectious dermatology, including machine learning and deep learning. Its goal is to highlight major advances, identify gaps in understanding and technical advancement, and recommend viable future research directions.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search of the scientific literature was performed using well-known databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. A specific set of phrases relevant to AI and infectious dermatology was used to ensure a thorough search. Articles were picked based on their relevance, timeliness, and quality, with a particular emphasis on research demonstrating how AI is being utilized to prevent, detect, diagnose, or manage infectious skin disorders.
Results
AI has made significant contributions to the management of infection in dermatology. It has improved diagnostic accuracy, predictive modeling of drug resistance, and individualized care regimens. Deep learning is used to evaluate clinical images, predictive models are developed to forecast antibiotic resistance, and AI-powered diagnostic tools for uncommon infections. The assessment also throws light on AI's role in pandemic preparedness and response.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Skin Disease","authors":"Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni, Nasim Gholizadeh, Mahsa Babaei, Kinnor Das","doi":"10.1002/der2.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infective and infectious dermatological diseases, which range from minor diseases like impetigo to serious diseases like deep fungal infections, pose significant public health issues. Given the growth of drug-resistant microorganisms, it is critical to investigate novel techniques in dermatology. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown promising results in improving the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infectious skin disorders. This has the potential to significantly improve dermatological treatment by combining physician experience with data-driven insights.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review will look into the existing uses and future possibilities of AI technologies in infectious dermatology, including machine learning and deep learning. Its goal is to highlight major advances, identify gaps in understanding and technical advancement, and recommend viable future research directions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search of the scientific literature was performed using well-known databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. A specific set of phrases relevant to AI and infectious dermatology was used to ensure a thorough search. Articles were picked based on their relevance, timeliness, and quality, with a particular emphasis on research demonstrating how AI is being utilized to prevent, detect, diagnose, or manage infectious skin disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI has made significant contributions to the management of infection in dermatology. It has improved diagnostic accuracy, predictive modeling of drug resistance, and individualized care regimens. Deep learning is used to evaluate clinical images, predictive models are developed to forecast antibiotic resistance, and AI-powered diagnostic tools for uncommon infections. The assessment also throws light on AI's role in pandemic preparedness and response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advancements in technology have had a major impact on dermatopathology, leading to changes in diagnostic approaches and patient care. This review examines the latest developments that have significantly altered the landscape of dermatopathology.
Methods
The study uses a comprehensive literature review and analysis to examine innovative technologies that are shaping the practice of dermatopathology. Key focus areas include artificial intelligence (AI), digital pathology, advanced imaging techniques, and molecular diagnostics.
Results
The review highlights the key role of AI in optimizing diagnostic processes and improving accuracy through pattern recognition and data analysis. Digital pathology is shown to facilitate seamless collaboration, remote consultation, and enhanced accessibility to diagnostic expertise. Advanced imaging techniques enable a deeper understanding of tissue morphology and cellular structures, while molecular diagnostics offer insights into genetic and molecular alterations underlying skin diseases.
Conclusion
The integration of these cutting-edge technologies introduces a new era in dermatopathology, enabling clinicians to achieve greater precision in diagnosis and treatment selection. By using the power of AI, digital pathology, advanced imaging, and molecular diagnostics, dermatopathologists can tailor personalized treatment strategies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
{"title":"Emerging technologies in dermatopathology","authors":"Mohamad Goldust, Clay J. Cockerell","doi":"10.1002/der2.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.231","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Advancements in technology have had a major impact on dermatopathology, leading to changes in diagnostic approaches and patient care. This review examines the latest developments that have significantly altered the landscape of dermatopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study uses a comprehensive literature review and analysis to examine innovative technologies that are shaping the practice of dermatopathology. Key focus areas include artificial intelligence (AI), digital pathology, advanced imaging techniques, and molecular diagnostics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review highlights the key role of AI in optimizing diagnostic processes and improving accuracy through pattern recognition and data analysis. Digital pathology is shown to facilitate seamless collaboration, remote consultation, and enhanced accessibility to diagnostic expertise. Advanced imaging techniques enable a deeper understanding of tissue morphology and cellular structures, while molecular diagnostics offer insights into genetic and molecular alterations underlying skin diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The integration of these cutting-edge technologies introduces a new era in dermatopathology, enabling clinicians to achieve greater precision in diagnosis and treatment selection. By using the power of AI, digital pathology, advanced imaging, and molecular diagnostics, dermatopathologists can tailor personalized treatment strategies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunscreen serves as an important method for photoprotection, with strong evidence in minimizing photoaging, photocarcinogenesis, photodermatoses, and pigmentary disorders.
Objective
This review explores the legislative status of ultraviolet filters, their mechanisms of action in photoprotection, impact on human health and the environment, secondary photoprotection, and upcoming developments in photoprotection.
Methods
A narrative review of recently published literature was conducted.
Results
Various studies have raised concerns about the impact of sunscreens on the environment and personal health. Further studies are needed in particular to characterize sunscreens' impact on human health. Multiple novel forms of photoprotection are emerging to complement traditional forms of photoprotection.
Conclusions
While the sunscreen market in the US has remained stagnant, innovations in other avenues of photoprotection are emerging.
{"title":"Sunscreens—Where are we now?","authors":"David X. Gao, Henry W. Lim, Tasneem F. Mohammad","doi":"10.1002/der2.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.230","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sunscreen serves as an important method for photoprotection, with strong evidence in minimizing photoaging, photocarcinogenesis, photodermatoses, and pigmentary disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review explores the legislative status of ultraviolet filters, their mechanisms of action in photoprotection, impact on human health and the environment, secondary photoprotection, and upcoming developments in photoprotection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A narrative review of recently published literature was conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Various studies have raised concerns about the impact of sunscreens on the environment and personal health. Further studies are needed in particular to characterize sunscreens' impact on human health. Multiple novel forms of photoprotection are emerging to complement traditional forms of photoprotection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the sunscreen market in the US has remained stagnant, innovations in other avenues of photoprotection are emerging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vishnu Bhupalam, John D. Hetzel, Nardin Awad, Mark S. Nestor
Background
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), are the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in the United States, and the incidence of NMSC is increasing. Though surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery remain definitive treatments for NMSC, the majority of affected patients are advanced in age and may have relative contraindications to surgery or preferences against it. As such, there is growing value in exploring less-invasive alternative techniques, such as superficial radiation therapy (SRT). Historically, in the decades following its inception just over a century ago, the field of SRT experienced a boom of innovations that provided the basis for treatment modalities used by dermatologists today.
Aims
This paper outlines the history and evolution of SRT in dermatology and discusses SRT's modern role as an alternative to surgical management of NMSC in select patients.
Conclusion
Although a combination of aging equipment and shifts in interest toward surgical methods diminished the prominence of radiation therapy (RT) in the late 20th century, newer iterations of SRT technology have drawn renewed interest as a nonsurgical extremely effective treatment for NMSC. A brief comparison of key clinical and practical factors indicates that SRT is the optimal choice of RT technique for the definitive management of select NMSCs in patients.
{"title":"Superficial radiation therapy in dermatology: A historical perspective","authors":"Vishnu Bhupalam, John D. Hetzel, Nardin Awad, Mark S. Nestor","doi":"10.1002/der2.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.229","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), are the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in the United States, and the incidence of NMSC is increasing. Though surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery remain definitive treatments for NMSC, the majority of affected patients are advanced in age and may have relative contraindications to surgery or preferences against it. As such, there is growing value in exploring less-invasive alternative techniques, such as superficial radiation therapy (SRT). Historically, in the decades following its inception just over a century ago, the field of SRT experienced a boom of innovations that provided the basis for treatment modalities used by dermatologists today.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper outlines the history and evolution of SRT in dermatology and discusses SRT's modern role as an alternative to surgical management of NMSC in select patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although a combination of aging equipment and shifts in interest toward surgical methods diminished the prominence of radiation therapy (RT) in the late 20th century, newer iterations of SRT technology have drawn renewed interest as a nonsurgical extremely effective treatment for NMSC. A brief comparison of key clinical and practical factors indicates that SRT is the optimal choice of RT technique for the definitive management of select NMSCs in patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guest Editor's Introduction: Infectious diseases of the skin","authors":"Stephen K. Tyring","doi":"10.1002/der2.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter delves into the complex world of viral exanthems, focusing on their diagnostic challenges and distinctive features, with updated presentations and pearls. From Roseola Infantum's atypical fever-rash presentation to Rubeola's resurgence, it underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis. Rubella, frequently confused with measles, demands heightened suspicion, especially in adults and pregnant patients. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease's diverse manifestations warrant accurate differentiation. The discussion extends to Parvovirus B19, Varicella-Zoster Virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and HIV Primary Infection. The resurgence of Mpox, Zika Virus's risks during pregnancy, and the rare but life-threatening Eczema Herpeticum are explored. Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome, Unilateral Laterothoracic Exanthem, and other viral conditions complete the landscape. In summary, this chapter offers a comprehensive understanding of viral exanthems, enabling clinicians to distinguish and manage these dermatological challenges. Accurate identification is crucial for providing specialized therapy to a minority of cases and supportive care to the majority. Vigilance, thorough examination, and a nuanced understanding of viral presentations are essential in navigating this intricate landscape.
本章深入探讨了病毒性外感病的复杂世界，重点关注其诊断难题和独特特征，并提供了最新的病例介绍和要点。从婴儿玫瑰疹的非典型发热皮疹表现到鲁贝拉疹的死灰复燃，本章强调了及时诊断的重要性。风疹经常与麻疹混淆，需要高度怀疑，尤其是成人和孕妇。手足口病的表现多种多样，需要准确区分。讨论还延伸到 parvovirus B19、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、Epstein-Barr 病毒和 HIV 原发感染。此外，还探讨了痘疹的复发、寨卡病毒在怀孕期间的风险以及罕见但危及生命的带状疱疹湿疹。Gianotti-Crosti 综合征、单侧后胸腔积液和其他病毒性疾病也在本章中一一介绍。总之，本章全面介绍了病毒性外皮癣，使临床医生能够区分和处理这些皮肤病难题。准确的鉴别对于为少数病例提供专业治疗和为多数病例提供支持性护理至关重要。提高警惕、全面检查以及对病毒表现的细致了解对于驾驭这种错综复杂的疾病至关重要。
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