The process of scar formation and wound healing is an important topic as different skin types can heal diversely. Scars of all ranges, from fine line scars that are barely a bother to hypertrophic and keloid scars accompanied by bothersome symptoms, have been trouble to treat with many diverse products and hypotheses historically. The diverse appearance of scars is astounding with colors, shapes, sizes, and symptoms, including pain and pruritis, affecting patients differently.
Methods
This paper will dive into the diverse treatments of scar therapy and different published studies done to prove efficacy, along with different scar subtypes.
Results
Treatments mentioned are topical and consist of silicone-based products, as well as non-silicone-based products, like onion extract, green tea, Aloe vera, hydrocolloid dressings, vitamin A derivatives, vitamin E, vitamin D, moist exposed burn ointment, imiquimod, and mitomycin.
Conclusion
In sum, wound healing is a difficult process and patient outcomes vary depending on skin and scar types, thus scar therapies should continue to be studied before concluding the best skin care for scars.
{"title":"Skin care for scars: Where we have been and what's new","authors":"Emily S. Sedaghat, Michael H. Gold","doi":"10.1002/der2.212","DOIUrl":"10.1002/der2.212","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The process of scar formation and wound healing is an important topic as different skin types can heal diversely. Scars of all ranges, from fine line scars that are barely a bother to hypertrophic and keloid scars accompanied by bothersome symptoms, have been trouble to treat with many diverse products and hypotheses historically. The diverse appearance of scars is astounding with colors, shapes, sizes, and symptoms, including pain and pruritis, affecting patients differently.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper will dive into the diverse treatments of scar therapy and different published studies done to prove efficacy, along with different scar subtypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatments mentioned are topical and consist of silicone-based products, as well as non-silicone-based products, like onion extract, green tea, <i>Aloe vera</i>, hydrocolloid dressings, vitamin A derivatives, vitamin E, vitamin D, moist exposed burn ointment, imiquimod, and mitomycin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In sum, wound healing is a difficult process and patient outcomes vary depending on skin and scar types, thus scar therapies should continue to be studied before concluding the best skin care for scars.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"4 6","pages":"278-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluating cosmeceuticals can be challenging, as this category of functional cosmetics is rapidly changing and complex. The following nine steps can be followed to logically evaluate a new cosmeceutical and determine its value for a given patient: (1) Examine the packaging. (2) Note what claims are being made. (3) Read the ingredient disclosure to obtain a basic understanding of what skin benefit the product delivers. (4) Identify those active ingredients designed to improve skin appearance. These ingredients should provide longer-lasting cumulative improvement with continued use. (5) Identify those inactive ingredients that are part of the vehicle providing improvement in skin texture and feel. These are more temporary in nature. (6) Perform an Internet search on those ingredients with which you are unfamiliar. (7) Evaluate the research supporting the product benefits to include white papers or published papers. (8) Determine the mechanisms of action for the ingredients and what the product actually accomplishes on the skin surface. (9) Put some product on the back of your hand and assess dry-down characteristics, smell, viscosity, and so forth.
{"title":"Evaluating new cosmeceuticals","authors":"Zoe D. Draelos","doi":"10.1002/der2.213","DOIUrl":"10.1002/der2.213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evaluating cosmeceuticals can be challenging, as this category of functional cosmetics is rapidly changing and complex. The following nine steps can be followed to logically evaluate a new cosmeceutical and determine its value for a given patient: (1) Examine the packaging. (2) Note what claims are being made. (3) Read the ingredient disclosure to obtain a basic understanding of what skin benefit the product delivers. (4) Identify those active ingredients designed to improve skin appearance. These ingredients should provide longer-lasting cumulative improvement with continued use. (5) Identify those inactive ingredients that are part of the vehicle providing improvement in skin texture and feel. These are more temporary in nature. (6) Perform an Internet search on those ingredients with which you are unfamiliar. (7) Evaluate the research supporting the product benefits to include white papers or published papers. (8) Determine the mechanisms of action for the ingredients and what the product actually accomplishes on the skin surface. (9) Put some product on the back of your hand and assess dry-down characteristics, smell, viscosity, and so forth.</p>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"4 6","pages":"246-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simona Carniciu, Bishurul Hafi, M.-A. Gkini, T. Tzellos, Mohammad Jafferany, Caroline Stamu-O'Brien
Background
Remarkable is the mind-skin connection, that lies in the profound impact that mental health can have on the skin and specific skin diseases on the mental health. This intricate relationship gives rise to a burgeoning field of study known as psychodermatology, which is a rapidly evolving field that explores the intricate relationship between dermatological conditions and psychological factors.
Aims
In this article we summarize some of these diseases, as vitiligo, alopecia areata, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, albinism, rhinophyma, hidradenitis suppurative.
Materials & Methods
We searched on databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and analyzed scientific articles to summarize information needed for this review. We conducted qualitative content analysis to summarize the main results reported by different authors regarding the aimed topics: vitiligo, albinism and the others secondary psychiatric disorders described in this article.
Discussion
Skin is unquestionably the most visible organ of the human body; appearance is greatly influenced by it. An individual's physical and emotional wellbeing depend on having healthy skin, which is an essential element of a person's sexual appeal, sense of fulfilment, and self-confidence.
Conclusion
Psychodermatology recognizes the bidirectional interplay between the mind and the skin, emphasizing the importance of addressing the psychological impact of dermatological disorders to improve patient outcomes. Secondary psychiatric disorders are under classification in psychodermatology, along with psychophysiological disorders and primary psychiatric disorders.
背景显著的是心理与皮肤的联系，即心理健康对皮肤和特定皮肤疾病对心理健康的深远影响。这种复杂的关系催生了一个新兴的研究领域，即心理皮肤学，这是一个快速发展的领域，探索皮肤病和心理因素之间的复杂关系。本文对其中的一些疾病进行了总结，如白癜风、斑秃、银屑病、寻常痤疮、白化病、鼻肿瘤、化脓性汗腺炎。材料&；方法检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science等数据库，分析科学文章，总结本综述所需信息。我们进行了定性内容分析，总结了不同作者就本文中描述的目标主题：白癜风、白化病和其他继发性精神疾病报告的主要结果。皮肤无疑是人体最显眼的器官；外表在很大程度上受其影响。一个人的身心健康取决于健康的皮肤，而健康的皮肤是一个人性感、成就感和自信的重要因素。结论皮肤病心理学认识到心理和皮肤之间的双向相互作用，强调解决皮肤病的心理影响对改善患者预后的重要性。继发性精神疾病与精神生理学疾病和原发性精神疾病一起被归类为精神皮肤病。
{"title":"Secondary psychiatric disorders and the skin","authors":"Simona Carniciu, Bishurul Hafi, M.-A. Gkini, T. Tzellos, Mohammad Jafferany, Caroline Stamu-O'Brien","doi":"10.1002/der2.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.211","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Remarkable is the mind-skin connection, that lies in the profound impact that mental health can have on the skin and specific skin diseases on the mental health. This intricate relationship gives rise to a burgeoning field of study known as psychodermatology, which is a rapidly evolving field that explores the intricate relationship between dermatological conditions and psychological factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this article we summarize some of these diseases, as vitiligo, alopecia areata, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, albinism, rhinophyma, hidradenitis suppurative.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials & Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched on databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and analyzed scientific articles to summarize information needed for this review. We conducted qualitative content analysis to summarize the main results reported by different authors regarding the aimed topics: vitiligo, albinism and the others secondary psychiatric disorders described in this article.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skin is unquestionably the most visible organ of the human body; appearance is greatly influenced by it. An individual's physical and emotional wellbeing depend on having healthy skin, which is an essential element of a person's sexual appeal, sense of fulfilment, and self-confidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychodermatology recognizes the bidirectional interplay between the mind and the skin, emphasizing the importance of addressing the psychological impact of dermatological disorders to improve patient outcomes. Secondary psychiatric disorders are under classification in psychodermatology, along with psychophysiological disorders and primary psychiatric disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"4 4","pages":"162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50134095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores disorders of trichotillomania, delusions of parasitosis, dysmorphophobia or body dysmorphic disorder, bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa, obsessive compulsive disorder, dermatitis artefacta, and specific phobia.
Method
Research data of case series and observational studies review their clinical manifestation as primary psychiatric disorders as well as treatment modalities in these disorders.
Results
We also indicate that these diseases may be harbingers of medical diseases or coexist with various medical conditions.
Conclusions
It also emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for both proper treatment and outcome.
{"title":"Primary psychiatric disorders","authors":"Debatri Datta, Anupam Das, Mohammad Jafferany, Bishurul Hafi, Simona Carniciu, Caroline Stamu-O'Brien","doi":"10.1002/der2.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.210","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article explores disorders of trichotillomania, delusions of parasitosis, dysmorphophobia or body dysmorphic disorder, bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa, obsessive compulsive disorder, dermatitis artefacta, and specific phobia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research data of case series and observational studies review their clinical manifestation as primary psychiatric disorders as well as treatment modalities in these disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We also indicate that these diseases may be harbingers of medical diseases or coexist with various medical conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It also emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for both proper treatment and outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"4 4","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50141652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hira Ghani, Isabella J. Tan, Chiya Abramowitz, Shannon Meledathu, Mohammad Jafferany, Gabriella Vasile, Caroline Stamu-O'Brien
Introduction
The pathophysiology of psoriasis and suicide has yet to be fully understood. This article explores the role of cytokines and psychoneuroimmunology in these diseases and describes the role of psychological assessment in psoriasis patients.
Data Sources
A serach of literature was performed using the MEDLINE search engine and Google Scholar. English language articles were identified using the following serach terms: psoriasis and depression, psoriasis and suicide, self harm behaviors, inflammatory cytokines.
Results
Several observations and studies suggest that there is an underlying pathophysiological link between psoriasis and depression marked by elevated pro-inflammatory markers. Research data indicate complex interactions between inflammation and cytokines. Immunomodulating drugs have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects. Preliminary clinical studies show that these agents may be beneficial in psoriasis and suicide, but their therapeutic value should be studied further.
Conclusion
Psychological assessment is an important step in screening, diagnosing, and managing depression leading to suicidal behavior in psoriasis patients.
{"title":"The association between psoriasis and suicide","authors":"Hira Ghani, Isabella J. Tan, Chiya Abramowitz, Shannon Meledathu, Mohammad Jafferany, Gabriella Vasile, Caroline Stamu-O'Brien","doi":"10.1002/der2.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.209","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pathophysiology of psoriasis and suicide has yet to be fully understood. This article explores the role of cytokines and psychoneuroimmunology in these diseases and describes the role of psychological assessment in psoriasis patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Sources</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A serach of literature was performed using the MEDLINE search engine and Google Scholar. English language articles were identified using the following serach terms: psoriasis and depression, psoriasis and suicide, self harm behaviors, inflammatory cytokines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several observations and studies suggest that there is an underlying pathophysiological link between psoriasis and depression marked by elevated pro-inflammatory markers. Research data indicate complex interactions between inflammation and cytokines. Immunomodulating drugs have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects. Preliminary clinical studies show that these agents may be beneficial in psoriasis and suicide, but their therapeutic value should be studied further.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychological assessment is an important step in screening, diagnosing, and managing depression leading to suicidal behavior in psoriasis patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"4 4","pages":"172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50138786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is with pleasure that we present this issue of Dermatological Reviews to you—bringing forth an intriguing and vital topic related to the Psychiatric Disorders related to Dermatology and Dermatologic Diseases. Dr. Caroline Stamu‐Obrien has worked diligently to assemble a wonderful group of authors to share with us these principal topics. We hope you find it helpful and practical in your daily dermatology practices and that the information will make you better informed and better clinicians as a result. Michael H. Gold Gold Skin Care Center, Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
{"title":"Derm reviews introduction—psychiatric disorders in dermatology","authors":"Michael H. Gold","doi":"10.1002/der2.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.208","url":null,"abstract":"It is with pleasure that we present this issue of Dermatological Reviews to you—bringing forth an intriguing and vital topic related to the Psychiatric Disorders related to Dermatology and Dermatologic Diseases. Dr. Caroline Stamu‐Obrien has worked diligently to assemble a wonderful group of authors to share with us these principal topics. We hope you find it helpful and practical in your daily dermatology practices and that the information will make you better informed and better clinicians as a result. Michael H. Gold Gold Skin Care Center, Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"4 4","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50146473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interaction between the mind, skin, and body is well studied lately and many studies focus on the multiple mechanisms between them that affects skin health. From psychology, psychoneuroimmunology, and immunology, to psychophysiological and inflammation, there are many issues to consider for the brain–skin cross-interaction. Altered balance or activation of the neuroendocrine-immune system triggers a cascade of events that allow the so-called fight–flight reaction that influences several skin diseases, as a risk factor for developing a dermatological disease or disease flares. Psychosocial stressors change the responses of neuroactive substances that regulates the immune system. Research focuses on study of several influencers like neuroendocrine mediators (corticotrophin-releasing factor, substance P, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-g, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13), the activity of mast cells, NK cells or dendritic cells in the skin. The conditions exacerbated by psychological factors and stress are seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, zona zoster, herpes simplex, neurodermatitis, hyperhidrosis, allodynia.
{"title":"Psychophysiological disorders and the skin","authors":"Simona Carniciu, Mohammad Jafferany","doi":"10.1002/der2.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interaction between the mind, skin, and body is well studied lately and many studies focus on the multiple mechanisms between them that affects skin health. From psychology, psychoneuroimmunology, and immunology, to psychophysiological and inflammation, there are many issues to consider for the brain–skin cross-interaction. Altered balance or activation of the neuroendocrine-immune system triggers a cascade of events that allow the so-called fight–flight reaction that influences several skin diseases, as a risk factor for developing a dermatological disease or disease flares. Psychosocial stressors change the responses of neuroactive substances that regulates the immune system. Research focuses on study of several influencers like neuroendocrine mediators (corticotrophin-releasing factor, substance P, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-g, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13), the activity of mast cells, NK cells or dendritic cells in the skin. The conditions exacerbated by psychological factors and stress are seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, zona zoster, herpes simplex, neurodermatitis, hyperhidrosis, allodynia.</p>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"4 4","pages":"147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50131744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychiatric disorders are common in dermatology patients. Recent research on psychodermatological disorders has provided a deeper understanding of their pathogenetic mechanisms, in which stress can be an important trigger. Mood and anxiety symptoms, psychosis, and suicidality are often associated with skin conditions, as well as they can precipitate various skin disorders. Current findings in primary and secondary psychiatric disorders suggest that inflammation and immunopathological mechanisms play a critical role in skin disorders. It is well known that the pathogenetic mechanism of depression involves the dysregulation of monoamines. Because depression is often associated with dermatological conditions and in its severe form with suicidality, we suggest that consideration be given to the role of the inflammatory pathway in suicide. Furthermore, because lower levels of estrogen in women have been associated with higher level of depression and suicide, we propose to investigate the role of estrogen in the inflammatory pathway. The very fact that in alopecia areata, topical prostaglandins have been used successfully, suggests that lipid dysregulation in the arachidonic acid pathway may be involved in the alopecia areata pathogenesis. Regarding psoriasis and its association with suicide and various medical comorbidities, we suggest that the inflammatory mechanism they share may shed a different light on the understanding of suicide. Multiple cytokines such as TNFa, IL6, IL12,17, and 23 have been investigated in various models in the pathogenesis of both psoriasis and depression and suicidal ideation. Future research should focus on the potential role of these ILs as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of suicidality. While we do not fully understand the relationship between immune mechanisms and monoamines, more comparative research is needed. Despite a major gap in our knowledge about suicide and how to quantify it biologically, further work is necessary to clarify its biological underpinnings and take appropriate steps to minimize it. In doing so, we keep in mind that early intervention is paramount for patients’ safety. We strongly feel that these studies can exert a strong influence on both the fields of dermatology and psychiatry.
{"title":"Introduction to “Conclusions”","authors":"Caroline Stamu-O'Brien","doi":"10.1002/der2.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.206","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric disorders are common in dermatology patients. Recent research on psychodermatological disorders has provided a deeper understanding of their pathogenetic mechanisms, in which stress can be an important trigger. Mood and anxiety symptoms, psychosis, and suicidality are often associated with skin conditions, as well as they can precipitate various skin disorders. Current findings in primary and secondary psychiatric disorders suggest that inflammation and immunopathological mechanisms play a critical role in skin disorders. It is well known that the pathogenetic mechanism of depression involves the dysregulation of monoamines. Because depression is often associated with dermatological conditions and in its severe form with suicidality, we suggest that consideration be given to the role of the inflammatory pathway in suicide. Furthermore, because lower levels of estrogen in women have been associated with higher level of depression and suicide, we propose to investigate the role of estrogen in the inflammatory pathway. The very fact that in alopecia areata, topical prostaglandins have been used successfully, suggests that lipid dysregulation in the arachidonic acid pathway may be involved in the alopecia areata pathogenesis. Regarding psoriasis and its association with suicide and various medical comorbidities, we suggest that the inflammatory mechanism they share may shed a different light on the understanding of suicide. Multiple cytokines such as TNFa, IL6, IL12,17, and 23 have been investigated in various models in the pathogenesis of both psoriasis and depression and suicidal ideation. Future research should focus on the potential role of these ILs as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of suicidality. While we do not fully understand the relationship between immune mechanisms and monoamines, more comparative research is needed. Despite a major gap in our knowledge about suicide and how to quantify it biologically, further work is necessary to clarify its biological underpinnings and take appropriate steps to minimize it. In doing so, we keep in mind that early intervention is paramount for patients’ safety. We strongly feel that these studies can exert a strong influence on both the fields of dermatology and psychiatry.","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"4 4","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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