中国热带医学最新文献

{"title":"The comparative analysis of epidemiological characteristics between COVID-19 and SARS","authors":"Wang Tongtong, Zhou Xuejian, Tang Qin, Shen Lechong, W. Zhigang, Z. Pan","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.20","url":null,"abstract":"Both COVID-19 and SARS are two serious infectious diseases caused by coronaviruses. The cause of both is still unknown and there are currently no effective treatments. Therefore, it is important to understand the epidemiological and pathological characteristics of COVID-19 and SARS for its prevention and treatment. This article reviewed the literature, combined with the latest research status at home and abroad, to explore the two diseases of COVID-19 and SARS from the etiology, spatial, time and population distributions and pathology. The results show that the two infectious diseases have many of the same clinical characteristics. There are some differences in the disease process, severity, and imaging. COVID-19 have stronger infectivity than SARS, but its mortality is lower than SARS, and the pathological changes of the two are also different. The article also compared the experiences and lessons learned during the SARS epidemic, sorted out the loopholes and deficiencies in disease prevention and control during the COVID-19 epidemic, and made recommendations for the problems at the current stage, so as to provides the certain scientific basis for preventing and treating the two diseases, and their pathogenesis research. 摘要： 新型冠状病毒肺炎 (COVID-19) 与非典型肺炎 (严重急性呼吸综合征, SARS) 均是由冠状病毒引起的严重的 传染性疾病, 二者的发病原因至今仍不清楚且目前均无特效的治疗药物。因此, 了解 COVID-19 与 SARS 的流行病学及 病理病原学特征对其预防和治疗就显得尤为重要。本文通过回顾文献, 并结合国内外的最新研究现状, 从病原学、三 间分布和病理学等方面对 COVID-19 与 SARS 两种疾病进行了探讨。结果显示, 两种传染病在临床特征上存在很多相 同点, 但在疾病进程、严重程度和影像学上存在一定差异, COVID-19 的传染比 SARS 更强, 但其病死率低于 SARS, 并且 两者的病理改变也有所不同。本文还通过对比 SARS 流行时的经验与教训, 梳理了此次 COVID-19 疫情期间疾病防控 存在的漏洞与不足, 以及针对现阶段存在的问题提出建议, 从而为两种疾病的预防、治疗及发病机制研究提供一定的 科学依据。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89260156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A patient with COVID-19 confirmed by 9 times of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection","authors":"Song Xuhui, G. Qin, L. Sheng, D. Xue, F. Ying, Wang Huaguo","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.23","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the epidemic situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world is still a very serious problem, rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 patients is of great significance for the epidemic prevention and disease control. The investigation and diagnosis process of a patient with COVID-19 were summarized in the present study, to provide valuable information for the clinical diagnosis or prevention of COVID-19 and disease control. The patient was a migrant work⁃ er who went to Chongqing and returned to his hometown in Jan. 23, 2020. During his stay in Chongqing, one of the patient’s col⁃ leagues was diagnosis with COVID-19 after he went back to Ziyang from Chongqing, and eight other colleagues were also diag⁃ nosed. Hence, the patient was quarantined and received a nucleic acid test for SARS-COV-2 in Feb. 2. The COVID-19- relat⁃ ed clinical symptoms such as paroxysmal cough, dry cough, and occasional cough with purulent sputum were developed after a few days. So, the expert doctors asked to transfer the patient to Ziyang Hospital, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The patient received a nucleic acid test for SARS-COV-2 for 9 times although it was positive only in the last time, and the pa⁃ tient was finally diagnosed with COVID-19 in Feb. 21. 摘要： 目前新型冠状病毒肺炎 (COVID-19) 疫情在全球蔓延, 形势严峻, 并对全球公共卫生事业构成巨大挑战, 快 速准确的诊断 COVID-19 对疫情的防控有重要意义。本文报道 1 例 COVID-19 患者的调查和确诊过程, 以对 COVID-19 确诊和疫情防控提供有价值的参考。患者为赴渝务工于 2020 年 1 月 23 日返乡人员, 在渝期间, 其同工地的一同事确诊 为 COVID-19, 之后该工地接连有另外 8 位同事被确诊。患者返乡后 2 月 2 日被当地疫情防控单位采取医学隔离。患者 于隔离后不久出现咳嗽, 阵发性, 干咳为主, 偶可咳出黄色痰液等 COVID-19 相关临床症状, 遂被当地新型冠状病毒肺 炎定点医疗单位收治, 后经市级新型冠状病毒肺炎诊治专家组远程视频会诊转入四川大学华西医院资阳医院。患者 先后经历 9 次核酸检测, 在前 8 次核酸检测均为阴性的情况下, 于第 9 次核酸检测结果为阳性, 2 月 21 日最终确诊为新 型冠状病毒肺炎。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"72 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79111004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA drug resistance and subtypes in HIV-1 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Fuxin, Liaoning","authors":"Li He, Du Bo, Tian Xiaodong, L. Wen-xin, Yao Wenqing","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.03","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the prevalence of HIV resistant strains and distribution of subtypes in patients receiving HAART in Fuxin. Methods The whole blood samples were collected for leukocyte enrichment, and its DNA were extracted from each sample. The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified by nested-PCR and the PCR products were subjected to sequencing. The sequences was analyzed by the software MEGA and online tool HIV Drug Resistance Database provided by Stanford University. Results Pol gene fragments were successfully amplified in 101 from 112 samples, of which CRF01_AE accounted for 84.16%(85/101), CRF07_BC 8.91%(9/101), B 3.96%(4/101), CRF65_cpx 1.98%(2/101) and G 0.99%(1/101); 27 samples with drug resistant mutations were found, 19 of them were resistant to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and the main mutation site was M184I/V, 14 of them were resistant to Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and the main mutation site was G190S, 6 of them were resistant to both Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, none of them was resistant to Protease Inhibitos; There were significant differences in treatment time and baseline CD4 levels. Conclusion There are five subtypes of HIV-1 in Fuxin City, with CRF01_AE as the major subtype. The research to drug resistance provides reference for guiding AIDS prevention and treatment more scientifically and effectively. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance and baseline data to strictly prevent the spread of resistant mutant. 摘要：目的 了解阜新市已接受 HAART 患者 HIV 耐药株的发生及基因亚型分布情况。 方法 采集全血标本进行 白细胞富集和前病毒 DNA 提取, 巢式 PCR 扩增 HIV-1 pol 区基因并测序, 使用 MEGA 以及斯坦福大学 HIV 耐药数据库 等工具对序列信息进行分析。 结果 在 112 份全血标本中获得 101 例有效基因序列, CRF01_AE 亚型占 84.16% (85/ 101) , CRF07_BC 亚型占 8.91% (9/101) , B 亚型占 3.96% (4/101) , CRF65_cpx 亚型占 1.98% (2/101) , G 亚型 0.99% (1/101) ; 耐药分析显示 27 例患者发生耐药位点突变, 其中, 19 例对核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药, 主要耐药突变位点为 M184I/V, 14 例对非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药, 主要耐药突变位点为 G190S, 对两类逆转录酶抑制剂同时耐药的样本 有 6 例, 尚未出现蛋白酶抑制剂耐药突变患者; 治疗时间以及基线 CD4 水平的差异对耐药突变具有统计学意义。 结论 阜新市 HIV-1 存在 5 种亚型, CRF01_AE 为主要流行亚型; 耐药情况的研究为更科学有效地指导艾滋病防治工 作提供参考依据, 应继续加强耐药监测, 掌握基线数据, 严防耐药株的流行。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80921956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief description of influencing factors and prevention and control strategies for school tuberculosis","authors":"Dong Sijia, Wang Cui","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.18","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is a kind of serious respiratory infectious disease that spreads widely around the world. Special communities, such as school pupils and staff, have higher risk than other people. The concentration of school students and the large population density can cause an outbreak to spread. The occurrence of school tuberculosis is mainly related to the low immunity of students, delay treatment, large population density, gender, age, awareness rate and other factors. In order to detect the source of infection as early as possible and reduce the spread of tuberculosis in schools, using reasonable methods to screen close contacts is important. It is necessary to make clear the responsibilities and priorities of each institution in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools, so as to do a good job in prevention and control and reduce the occurrence of tuberculosis epidemic in schools. 摘要： 结核病是一种严重的呼吸系统传染性疾病, 在世界范围内广泛传播。某些特殊群体结核病发病风险较高, 如学校学生及相关工作人员。学校学生聚集, 人口密度大, 有利于疾病的传播与扩散, 导致聚集性疫情的发生。学校 结核病疫情的出现主要与学生免疫力低、就诊延误现象、人口密度大、性别、年龄、知晓率等因素有关。为了尽早发现 传染源, 减少结核病在校园内的传播, 使用合理的方法对密切接触者进行筛查极为重要。应明确各机构在学校结核病 防控工作中的职责与重点, 共同做好防控工作, 减少学校结核病疫情的发生。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81277076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning, expression, purification and immunoassay of Tyr p 13 from Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)","authors":"Zhong Yonghao, Yuan Ruyi, Chen Yang, Jin Shuyu, Yang Litang, L. Xiaoyu","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective In this study, Tyrp 13 gene was cloned, the recombinant protein was expressed and purified, the immunological characteristics were identified, and the information of allergen epitope was analyzed by bioinformatics software. Methods The total RNA of the mite was extracted, RT-PCR was used to amplify the cDNA. The primers were designed according to the known Tyr p 13 gene sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY710432.1). A large number of target genes was amplified by PCR. Prokaryotic expression vector pet-32a (+) - Tyr p 13 was constructed, then transformed into E.coli Rosetta™ (DE3) Competent Cells, and the target protein expression was inducted by isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG); purification of the expression product by chromatography, Western blot method was used to detect the immunological activity of the purified expression product; its antigen epitope was estimated by bioinformatics software, and its evolution tree was constructed. Results The length of the cloned DNA sequence was about 400 bp, and the expressed product was soluble in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with molecular weight of about 14 kD. Western blotting showed that Tyr p 13 could specifically bind to IgE in sera of allergic patients, which indicated that Tyr p 13 had allergenicity; epitope analysis further confirmed that the allergen had immunogenicity. Conclusion High purity Tyr p 13 can be obtained by clone expression and purification, which lays a theoretical foundation for further clinical specific diagnosis and treatment. 摘要：目的 克隆腐食酪螨第 13 组变应原基因 ( Tyr p 13 ) , 表达纯化其重组蛋白, 并进行免疫学特性鉴定, 利用生 物信息学软件分析该过敏原抗原表位等信息。 方法 挑取腐食酪螨, 提取螨总 RNA。逆转录-聚合酶链式反应 (RT- PCR) 扩增 cDNA, 根据已知的 Tyr p 13 基因序列 (GeneBank 登录号 AY710432.1) 设计引物, PCR 大量扩增目的基因。构 建原核表达载体 pET-32a (+) - Tyr p 13 , 转化感受态细胞 E. coli Rosetta (DE3) , 用 IPTG (异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷) 诱 导目的蛋白表达; 层析纯化表达产物, 免疫印迹 (Western Blot) 法检测纯化后的表达产物免疫学活性; 通过生物信息学 软件推测其抗原表位、构建进化树。 结果 克隆得到的序列经基因测序可知其长度约 400 bp, 其表达产物经十二烷基 硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS-PAGE) 分子量约为 14 kD, 呈可溶性表达。免疫印迹结果显示, Tyr p 13 能够与过敏 患者血清 IgE 特异性结合, 表明其具有过敏原性; 表位分析进一步证实该过敏原具有免疫原性。 结论 经克隆表达、纯 化后得到纯度较高的腐食酪螨 Tyr p 13 , 为进一步开展临床特异性诊断和治疗提供参考。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87377644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between type I interferon receptor 1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis","authors":"Liang Zhihang, Ouyang Min, Z. Juanjuan, Liu Shuyan, Wang Wen-fei, Zhang Peize, F. Xiangdong, Z. Guoliang, Zhang Zhi-zhen","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.15","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of type I interferon receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Han population in southern China. Methods A case-control study was used, with 1 533 patients with active tuberculosis (including 1 432 tuberculosis and 101 extrapulmonary tuberculosis) as the case group, and 1 445 healthy people as the control group. Interferon (IFN) gene rs72552343, rs2834191, rs1012334, rs17875752, rs2843710, rs1041868 genotypes were detected by MassARRAY time-of flight mass spectrometry. The differences in the frequency of SNP alleles between the two groups were analyzed, and the differences in the frequency of rs72552343 TCC / Del locus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulgative tuberculosis were further compared. Results MassARRAY time-of-flight mass spectrometry can effectively detect the genotypes of six SNP loci. Among the 6 SNP loci, it was found that only the rs72552343 TCC/Del locus allele frequency was significantly different between the active tuberculosis group and the control group, and the rs72552343 TCC/Del locus TCC allele frequency was significantly increased ( OR =0.46; 95% CI =0.31 -0.70; P =0.000 2), the frequency of the other five SNP alleles was not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, the frequency of TCC alleles at rs72552343 TCC / Del loci in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis was not significantly different from that in patients with tuberculosis ( OR =0.88; 95% CI =0.20-3.74; P =0.86). Conclusion The IFN gene rs72552343 TCC / Del site SNP is related to susceptibility to tuberculosis. The TCC allele is a susceptibility gene for tuberculosis, but individuals carrying the TCC allele have the same risk of active pulmonary tuberculosis as those with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. 摘要：目的 探究Ⅰ型干扰素受体 1 (typeⅠinterferon receptor 1, IFNAR1) 单核苷酸多态性 (single nucleotide poly⁃ morphism, SNP) 与结核病易感性的关系。 方法 应用病例-对照研究方法, 以深圳市第三人民医院 1 533 例活动性结核 病患者 (包括 1 432 例肺结核、101 例肺外结核) 作为病例组, 1 445 例健康人群作为对照组。运用 MassARRAY 飞行时间 质 谱 技 术 , 通 过 检 测 Ⅰ 型 干 扰 素 (interferon, IFN) 基 因 rs72552343、rs2834191、rs1012334、rs17875752、rs2843710、rs1041868 位点基因型, 分析两组间 SNP 等位基因频率差异, 同时进一步比较肺结核与肺外结核病患者 rs72552343 TCC/Del 位点等位基因频率差异。 结果 用 MassARRAY 飞行时间质谱技术可以有效地检测 6 个 SNP 位点基因型。在 6 个 SNP 位点中, 发现仅 rs72552343 TCC/Del 位点等位基因频率在活动性结核组和对照组中差异有统计学意义 ( P 0.05)。另外, 发现肺外结核病患者 rs72552343 TCC/Del 位点 TCC 等位基因的频率与肺结核病患者差异无统计学意 义 ( OR =0.88; 95% CI =0.20~3.74; P =0.86)。 结论 IFN 基因 rs72552343 TCC/Del 位点 SNP 与结核易感性相关, 其 TCC 等位基因为结核易感基因, 但携带 TCC 等位基因的个体患活 动性肺结核与肺外结核的风险一致。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73407036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of 3 death cases of critical COVID-19 in Sichuan","authors":"Zeng Yilan, Zeng Mingquan, Zheng Yongli, Jiang Hongmei, Lai Min, C. Hong, Z. Ling, Chen Zhu","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of critical COVID-19, and we improve the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of severe cases. Methods Death cases with critical COVID-19 in Public Health Clinical Medical Center of Chengdu from January to May 2020 were collected, and their clinical data and imaging features were retrospectively analyzed. Results The three cases of severe type COVID-19 deaths, all have basic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, with or without lung diseases, renal disfunction , they all have symptoms of fever, cough, sputum. Athospital admission, APACHE II score and PSI rating were high-risk, laboratory examination results suggested lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, troponin, brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A were significantly increased, and T lymphocyte count droped apparently, chest imaging suggested pulmonary grinding glass patch shadow. After admission, the patients were given active antiviral, anti-bacterial, immunological and invasive mechanical ventilation support. All 3 patients had severe complications such as septic shock and multiple organ failure syndrome, and the average time from onset to death was 13.7 days. Conclusion Old-age people combined with heart disease and other basic diseases, and immunodeficiency are the high-risk groups of critical COVID-19. 摘要：目的 分析危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡病例的临床特征, 提高对重症病例诊治的认识。 方法 收集 2020 年 1 月—5 月成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心接诊的危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡病例资料, 回顾性分析其临床资 料和影像学特征。 结果 3 例危重型 COVID-19 死亡病例均有冠心病、伴或不伴肺部疾病、肾功能障碍等基础疾病, 均 有发热、咳嗽、咳痰症状, 入院 APACHE II 评分和 PSI 评分均为高危, 实验室检查结果提示肌酸激酶、肌钙蛋白、脑钠肽、C-反应蛋白及血清淀粉样蛋白 A 明显升高, 而 T 淋巴细胞计数明显下降, 胸部影像学提示双肺磨玻璃斑片影。入院后 给予积极的抗病毒、抗细菌、增强免疫治疗及有创机械通气呼吸支持。3 例患者均并发脓毒性休克及多器官功能衰竭 综合征等严重并发症, 起病到死亡的平均时间为 13.7 d。 结论 高龄、合并心脏病等基础疾病、免疫功能低下者是危重 型新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡的高危人群。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72761018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of clinical drug sensitivity of 13 468 strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum in urogenital tract","authors":"Z. Guoxing, L. Chun, L. RongBiao, Yin Songchao, Liu Meirong","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.11.05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To analyze resistance changes and cross resistance with Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) clinical strains to nine antibiotics. Methods The annual changes of resistance and cross resistance with 13 468 clinical strains of Uu to nine antibiotics, minocycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin were analyzed retrospectively in 2013-2019. Results From 2013 to 2019, 13 468 strains of Uu from urogenital tract in The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University showed different clinical drug sensitivity results to nine antibiotics. Minocycline (96.31±0.48)%, doxycycline (95.86±0.52)%, clarithromycin (88.22±1.86)% and azithromycin (87.15 ± 2.19)% were the top four sensitive rates, and ciprofloxacin resistance rate (83.32 ± 2.78)% was particularly prominent. The annual changes of resistance and sensitivity of Uu to tetracyclines (minocycline and doxycycline) were relatively stable, but the annual changes of resistance and sensitivity to macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin) and quinolones (ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin) were different; There were different degrees of cross resistance between Uu clinical strains and different types of antibiotics. Conclusions Minocycline and doxycycline as the first-line clinical treatment of Uu infection antibiotics, so far still maintain a low resistance rate, high sensitivity rate. For clinical strains of Uu resistant to minocycline and doxycycline, azithromycin and clarithromycin are ideal substitutes; for clinical strains of Uu resistant to macrolides and quinolones, minocycline and doxycycline are recommended as the first choice of antibiotics. 摘要：目的 探讨泌尿生殖道解脲脲原体 ( Ureaplasma urealyticum , Uu) 临床株对九种抗生素的耐药变迁和交叉耐 药规律。 方法 回顾分析 2013—2019 年, 13 468 株泌尿生殖道解脲脲原体临床株对米诺环素、多西环素、红霉素、阿奇 霉素、克 拉霉素、罗 红霉素、环 丙沙星、司 帕沙星和左氧氟沙星九种抗生素的年度耐药变迁和交叉药敏结果。 结果 2013—2019 年期间, 中山大学附属第三医院 13 468 株泌尿生殖道解脲脲原体临床株对 9 种抗生素的临床药敏结 果不一, 米诺环素 (96.31±0.48) %、多西环素 (95.86±0.52) %、克拉霉素 (88.22±1.86) %和阿奇霉素 (87.15±2.19) %占据敏 感率前 4 位, 而环丙沙星的耐药率 (83.32±2.78) %尤其突出; Uu 对四环素类 (米诺环素和多西环素) 耐药率和敏感率的年 度变迁相对稳定, 对大环内酯类 (红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素和罗红霉素) 和喹诺酮类 (环丙沙星、司帕沙星和左氧氟 沙星) 耐 药率和敏感率的年度变迁存在差异 ; Uu 临床株对不同类别的抗生素之间 , 存 在不同程度的交叉耐药。 结论 米诺环素、多西环素作为临床一线治疗 Uu 感染的抗生素, 到目前为止仍然保持低耐药率、高敏感率; 耐米诺环素 和多西环素的解脲脲原体临床株选择抗生素时, 阿奇霉素和克拉霉素是理想的替代药物; 而对于耐大环内酯类和耐喹 诺酮类的解脲脲原体临床株, 则推荐米诺环素和多西环素作为首选抗生素。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83496237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of 104 MSM before drug uptake of HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis in Guangxi","authors":"Wu Yufei, Li Rongjian, Shen Zhiyong, Liang Nengxiu, Lan Guanghua","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.10.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.10.05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This survey aims to understand AIDS knowledge, behavioral characteristics, awareness of non- occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP), and reasons for using nPEP, the possible impact on behavior change after receiving services among 104 men who have sex with men (MSM) prior to drug uptake of nPEP in 2 cities of Guangxi. Methods Participants were recruited through community advocacy in Nanning and Liuzhou. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted on MSM who agreed to participate in investigation before taking medication of HIV nPEP. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant, and descriptive analysis was conducted. Results AIDS awareness of 104 MSM respondents reached 98.1% (102/104), and 84.6% (88/104) believed that the HIV prevalence was serious among MSM group in the area where they living. In the past six months, no respondents insisted on condom use each time during homosexual activities, and 54.8% (57/104) experienced condoms torn/ slipped or being deliberately pulled out by sexual partners; 64.4% (67/104) had no fixed partners in the last six months. 88.5% (92/104) had heard of nPEP before the survey, univariate analysis indicated that there was statistically significant difference between nPEP awareness and receiving condom promotion/AIDS voluntary counseling & testing as well as peer education in the past year ( P <0.05). 69.2%(72/104) received nPEP since worrying about the probability of HIV infection by the exposure, while 67.3% (72/104) took the service because they did not understand HIV serological status of sexual partners. If received nPEP, only 9.6% (10/104) believed that condom use would decrease, and 15.4% (16/104) thought the number of sexual partners would increase. Conclusion Separation between AIDS knowledge and action among MSM requires a comprehensive prevention and control strategy that emphasizes biomedical approaches and behavioral interventions. The role of networks and Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in nPEP publicity should be highlighted to increase the awareness of nPEP among target population. 摘要： 目的 分析广西南宁市、柳州市 104 名男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)在接受艾滋病非职 业暴露后预防(non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis, nPEP)用药前的相关艾滋病知识掌握情况、行为学特征、 nPEP 知晓度、使用 nPEP 原因及接受服务后对行为改变可能产生的影响等。 方法 在南宁、柳州市通过社区宣传倡导， 现场招募研究对象。对纳入艾滋病非职业暴露后预防并同意在服药前接受调查的 MSM 开展面对面问卷调查。以 P < 0.05 为差异有统计学意义，对资料进行描述性分析。 结果 104 名 MSM 的艾滋病知晓率为 98.1%(102/104)；认为所生 活地区的 MSM 人群中 HIV 流行严重的占 84.6%(88/104)。最近半年同性性行为时能每次使用安全套的 0 人，54.8%(57/ 104)经历过安全套意外破裂、脱落或被性伴故意拔套，64.4%(67/104)最近半年内没有固定性伴。88.5%(92/104)调查 前听说过 nPEP，单因素分析发现，最近一年接受过安全套宣传与发放/艾滋病咨询与检测、最近一年接受过同伴教育对 nPEP 知晓差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。69.2%(72/104)选择 nPEP 因为担心此次暴露会感染 HIV，67.3%(72/104)表示 性伴感染状况未知。若接受 nPEP，仅有 9.6%(10/104)认为安全套使用会减少，15.4%(16/104)认为性伴数会增加。 结论 MSM 存在艾滋病“知信行分离”，需采取生物医学干预技术和行为干预并重的综合性防治策略。重视网络和社 会组织在 nPEP 宣传中的作用，提高人群知晓率。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72756201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of proposing infectious disease intervention measures in Yunnan and Guangxi","authors":"Zhang Changhong, Chen Fei, T. Xiaojun, Zhang Zheng, Li M. Li, Liu Chengyue, Hao Mo, Z. Fan","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.10.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2020.10.07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Based on the degree value of proposing intervention measures, we analyze the improvement status of local interventions on infectious diseases in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Methods All related public information, documents or literature which were openly issued based on data of the infectious diseases surveillance system in the two provinces during 2004-2017 were searched and retrieved. One value designed by the team as“the degree value of proposing intervention measures (0 as the worst, 100% as the best) ”was used to analyze the improvement degree. The Spearman method was used to analyze the relationship between the above outcome and the incidence rate of infectious diseases. Results In Yunnan province, the degree value of proposing intervention measures got a rapid growth from 16.21% in 2004 to 47.12% in 2005, and then got a regular decrease until to 7.00% in 2017. In Guangxi province, the degree value of proposing intervention measures decreased from 23.99% in 2004 to 8.00% in 2017, with a small increase in 2012 and then changed slightly. In both of the two provinces, there were no relationship between the incidence rate of infectious diseases and the degree value of proposing intervention measures (Yunnan r =- 0.473, P =0.088>0.05; Guangxi r =- 0.198, P =0.517>0.05). Conclusion The improvement of interventions for infectious diseases needed to be kept or strengthened. 摘要： 目的 使用提出干预措施的程度值分析云南和广西对传染病采取干预措施的程度，以评价两地区传染病工 作应对措施的完善状况。 方法 收集 2004—2017 年云南和广西所有涉及传染病应对措施的公开信息和文献，采用提 出干预措施的程度评判完善程度(0 表示程度最差，100% 表示程度最好)。并运用 Spearman 相关分析探讨完善程度数 值与传染病发病率间的关系。 结果 云南提出干预措施的程度从 2004 年的 16.21% 快速增长到 2005 年的 47.12%，之 后持续下降到 2017 年的 7.00%；广西提出干预措施的程度从 2004 年的 23.99% 下降到 2017 年的 8.00%，其中 2012 年出 现较小幅的提升后趋于平缓。云南与广西提出措施的程度与传染病发病率之间无统计学相关(云南 r =-0.473， P =0.088 >0.05；广西 r =-0.198， P =0.517>0.05)。 结论 云南和广西应对传染病的干预措施需要继续保持或增强。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85409180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}