中国热带医学最新文献

{"title":"Pathogenic detection of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Chongqing","authors":"Liu Wen-guo, Z. Jian, FU Xuan-lin, C. Jian, Huajie Yan","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To analyze the positive situation of pathogenic detection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Chongqing, in order to provide the basis for further improving the positive rate of pathogenic detection and timely diagnosis. Methods The qualified rate of sputum specimen, positive rates of smear, culture and molecular detection, duration and quality of molecular detection in TB laboratories from 25 counties in Chongqing were investigated. From the Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBMIS), the data of etiology positive rate of each county in Chongqing was exported. The etiology positive rates under different circumstances of various indicators were compared and analyzed. Results The etiological positive rate of group with qualified rate of sputum specimen ≥60.0% were higher than those with qualified rate of sputum specimen 0.05). The etiological positive rate of group with smear positive rate ≥5.0% were higher than those with smear positive rate 0.05). The etiological positive rate of group with culture positive rate ≥20.0% were higher than those with culture positive rate 0.05). The groups with positive rate of molecular detection more than or equal to 50.0%, duration of molecular detection more than or equal to 6 months and unsuccessful test rate less than 5.0%, of which the etiology positive rate were significantly higher than the groups with positive rate of molecular detection less than 50.0%, duration of molecular detection less than or equal to 1 month and unsuccessful test rate more than or equal to 5.0% respectively( P 0.05)。涂片阳性率>5.0%组的病原学阳性率髙于涂片阳性率 0.05)。培养阳性率≥20.0%组的病原学阳性率髙于培养阳性率 0.05)。分子检测阳性率≥50.0%组、分子检测开展时间≥6个月组及分子检测失败性率<5.0%组的区县, 其病原学阳性 率分别明显髙于分子检测阳性率<50.0%组、分子检测开展时间<1个月组及分子检测失败性率;≥5.0%组(均为 P <0.05)。 结论 开展分子生物学检测并保证检测质量, 提高分子检测阳性率, 是重庆市结核病实验室提高肺结核患者病原学阳 性率的主要措施。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84851106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infection","authors":"Yue Chen-da, Tan Yang, Y. Tao, W. Xiao-yu, Lu Wei-ping, Lei Xia","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.19","url":null,"abstract":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of organisms widely existing in the environment, which can cause infections of various organs and tissues in human body. Because of the aging of population, the development of cosmetics and transplant operations, as well as the increase in HIV infection, the incidence of cutaneous NTM infection keeps increasing these years, and reports of small-scale outbreaks are not uncommon. Due to the atypical clinical and pathological manifestations as well as the limitations of the detection capabilities of medical institutions, cutaneous NTM infection is easily misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed. In addition, the antimicrobial susceptibility of NTM is quite different and some strains can easily develop resistance to antibiotics, regimens usually require multiple antibiotics for extended periods of time, however, the results are often complicated by side effects and drug interactions. With the development of research in recent years, people have gained a new understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous NTM infection. New progress has been made in the research of treatment methods, drugs, phage therapy, vaccines and so on. This article reviews the progress of diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous NTM infection. 摘要 ：非结核分枝杆菌(nontuberculous mycobacteria, NTM)是一类广泛存在于各种环境中的微生物, 可引起人体 多种器官和组织的感染。由于人口老龄化 , 美容、移植手术的广泛开展以及HIV感染的增加, 近年来皮肤NTM病的发 生率一直呈逐渐升高的趋势, 小范围内爆发的报道也不少。由于临床和病理表现多不典型以及医疗机构检测能力的 限制, 皮肤NTM病极易被漏诊和误诊。同时各种NTM对药物敏感性差异很大、部分菌种极易对抗生素产生耐药, 需联 合多种抗生素长疗程治疗, 但药物之间的相互作用及副作用使治疗效果往往不尽如人意。随着近年来研究的深人, 人 们对于皮肤NTM病的诊断和治疗等方面有了新的认识, 在治疗手段、新型药物、噬菌体疗法、疫苗等领域的研究都有了 新的进展。本文对皮肤NTM病诊断和治疗等方面的进展进行了综述。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87339597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons and countermeasures analysis for HIV-infected patients not receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kunming","authors":"Li Yi, Zhang Xiao-wen, Li Li, Liu Jun, L. Jun, HE Wen-jie, Wang Jing-ying, Hong Biao, Li Bin","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the untreated HIV-infected persons in Kunming and analyze the reasons why HIV patients failed to receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Kunming City, so as to provide policy guidance for improving the coverage of treatment and therapeutic adherence. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among HIV/ AIDS patients who survived but did not receive antiretroviral treatment in Kunming City by Aug.31.2018 by random sampling, the survey included general demographic information and reasons for no treatment (including cognition of ART, physical factors, social shame, accessibility of treatment services, attitude towards disease, etc.). Results A total of 784 HIV-infected patients were effectively investigated, among them, 537 cases (68.5%) were untreated and 247 cases (31.5%) were lost. There was no statistical difference in the general demographic characteristics such as gender, age, nationality and marital status between the two groups ( P >0.05). The infection pathway was statistically significant different ( P 0.05), 感染途径有差异统计学意义( P <0.05)。分析结果显示, HIV感染者未治疗原因主要是担心被暴露、药物副作 用、自觉身体状况良好不需要治疗。未治疗组对治疗药物副作用的偏见率较髙( P <0.05), 其认为身体状况良好不需要 治疗的比重(49.2%)髙于脱失组 (34.8%), 差异有统计学意义( P <0.05);脱失组的感染者, 其社会羞耻感更强烈( P <0.05)。 结论 抗病毒治疗机构应加强ART效果宣传, 引导感染者正确认识治疗的作用及意义 , 尤其是吸毒感染者, 应 该给予更多关注 , 以提髙其治疗依从性 , 减少脱失;各级政府和相关机构应引导公众减少对感染者的歧视和污名化, 减 轻社会羞耻 , 以配合医生积极治疗。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85501947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on human Ascaris infection in Gansu","authors":"Yang Jun-ke, F. Yu, L. Fan, Yang Cheng-ming, Zhang Xiao-juan, W. Dong, Yu Da-wei","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.15","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To understand the prevalence of A. Lumbricoides in Gansu province, and we provide scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling applied, the ecological zones and the annual per capita net income of farmers were taken as sub-layer samples. Kato-Katz thick smear technique applied for investigation. Infection rate was analyzed using Chi square test. Results A total of A. Lumbricoides infection rate in the population was 1.82% (326/17 937) in 70 sampling points, within 24 counties (county level cities, districts), which belong to 10 cities (prefectures), constitute rate of mild level infection, medium level and severe level was 98.24% (320 cases), 1.47% (5 cases) and 0.29% (1 case), respectively. The infection rate was 1.81% in males and 1.82% in females, and there was no significant difference between different sexes ( P >0.05). The infection rate of Ascaris was the highest (4.39%) in 0- 0.05)。人群普遍易感蛔虫, 蛔虫感染率0〜<5岁组最髙 (4.39%)年龄组感染率采用趋势 χ 2 检验, 随年龄增加蛔虫感染率降低( Z =36.48, P <0.001),差异有统计学意义;学龄前 文化程度感染率高于其他组( P <0.01);山区地形感染率高于其他3类地形( P <0.005)。黄土高原-江河源区-甘南生态 区人群蛔虫感染率低于其他生态区, 差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。人群蛔虫感染率较高的地区是武威市、定西市、酒泉 市、除南市, 感染率分别是4.40%、3.20%、2.44%和1.96%。 结论 甘肃省人群蛔虫感染率和感染度显著下降, 但蛔虫病 仍是危害儿童健康的重点寄生虫病。土源性线虫病在甘肃省局部特别是边远山区流行严重, 应广泛开展健康教育, 加 强山区及儿童人群防控措施。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78492887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xpert MTB/RIF combined with T-SPOT.TB in the diagnostic value of drug-resistant tuberculous pleurisy","authors":"Wang Zhi-hui, Liang Ya-chong, Wang Yu-hong, Chi Yue-peng, Li Xiao-qian, Xie Lan-pin, Dong Ya-kun, Yang Fan","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of Xpert MTB/RIF combined with T-SPOT.TB in the drug-resistant tuberculous pleurisy. Methods Sixty-two patients with drug-resistant tuberculous pleurisy were selected as tuberculous pleurisy group, and 60 patients with other diseases and pleural effusion admitted to Hebei Province Chest Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were selected as the control. General clinical data were collected and analyzed, two groups of pleural effusion samples were collected for detection of Xpert MTB/RIF, T-SPOT.TB and tubercle bacillus culture and drug sensitivity, etc, tubercle bacillus culture of pleural effusion was used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Results The sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF, T-SPOT.TB and two parallel methods was 79.0%, 88.7%, 96.8% respectively, the specificity was 90.0%, 81.7%, 95.0% respectively, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity were significantly higher than those of ADA and acid fast staining (all P <0.05). Taking the tuberclebacillus drug sensitivity as the gold standard, the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF test for rifampicin resistance was 89.47%, and the consistency between the two methods was good ( Kappa =0.900). Conclusion Xpert MTB/RIF combined with T-SPOT.TB in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy can improve the sensitivity and specificity, reduce the misdiagnosis rate, at the same time, Xpert MTB/RIF can quickly detect rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural effusion, be conducive to the early diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculous pleurisy. 摘要：目的 探讨结核分枝杆菌/利福平耐药基因检测(Xpert MTB/RIF)联合结核感染T细胞斑点检测(T-SPOT.TB)对耐药性结核性胸膜炎诊断及治疗的价值。 方法 选取2014年1月至2019年12月河北省胸科医院收治的62例结 核性胸膜炎患者为结核性胸膜炎组, 选择同期来河北省胸科医院院救治的非结核性胸膜炎患者60例为对照组。分析 比较两组一般资料, 留取两组胸腔积液样本进行Xpert MTB/RIF、T-SPOT.TB、结核菌培养+药敏等检测, 胸腔积液结核 菌培养阳性作为诊断结核性胸膜炎的金标准。 结果 Xpert MTB/RIF、T-SPOT.TB、两种方法并联检测结核性胸膜炎的 灵敏度分别为79.0%、88.7%、96.8%, 特异度分别为90.0%、81.7%、95.0%, 均明显髙于ADA及抗酸染色诊断的敏感度及 特异度, 差异有统计学意义( P 均<0.05)。以结核菌药敏检测为金标准, XpertMTB/RIF检测利福平耐药的敏感度为 89.47%, 两者一致性较好( Kappa =0.900)。 结论 Xpert MTB/RIF联合T-SPOT.TB检测提髙了结核性胸膜炎诊断的敏感 度和特异度, 降低误诊率, 同时XpertMTB/RIF可快速检测出胸水中耐利福平的结核分枝杆菌感染, 有利于耐药结核性 胸膜炎的早期诊断及治疗。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85381395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and pathogen study of an outbreak in clusters caused by human adenovirus type 4 in Shenzhen","authors":"C. Jing, Zheng Xiao-chen, Zhang Yan-ping, Li Min-jie, Xia Jin-hui, Yu Guang-qing","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of a community outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection by Human adenovirus serotype 4 (HAdV-4) at a primary school in Baoan district, Shenzhen, Feb.22-28, 2019. Methods All epidemiological and clinical information of these cases was collected through field interviews and medical records. Throat swabs samples were collected and tested for influenza virus in quantitative fluorescence PCR. Influenza virus negative samples were then PCR tested for 6 other common respiratory virus. HAdV-4 positive samples were further tested using hexon gene sequencing of adenovirus. The sequences were aligned with the GenBank data to determine the genotypes and draw the phylogenetic tree. Results The epidemic occurred in Class 1, Grade 2, with a total of 54 students, including 29 boys and 25 girls. After investigation, there were no cases of similar symptoms in other classes of the school. Totally 13 patients were diagnosed, including 7 boys and 6 girls, the incidence rate was 24.1%(7 / 29) and 24.0% (6/25), respectively. The clinical symptoms included fever (13 cases, 100.0%), sore throat (8, 61.5%), muscular ache (8, 61.5%) and cough (5, 38.5%). All the symptoms were mild, and there were no severe cases. All 5 throat swabs samples were adenovirus positive by PCR, and these positive samples were confirmed to be HAdV-4 subgroups E by DNA sequence analysis. Conclusion The acute respiratory infection outbreak was caused by HAdV-4. The sequence of the strain is highly homologous with sequences from other districts of Shenzhen and Chinese cities. 摘要：目的 分析2019年2月22—28日深圳市宝安区某小学一起急性呼吸道病毒感染聚集性疫情的流行病学及 病原学特点。 方法 采用流行病学个案调査表对疫情进行现场调査, 使用荧光定量 PCR 方法对采集的咽拭子标本进 行流感样病例病原学筛査, 筛査阴性标本进行6种常见呼吸道病毒核酸检测。对腺病毒核酸阳性的标本, 用腺病毒六 邻体基因作为靶基因进行序列扩增及测定, 测序结果在GenBank上进行序列比较, 确定其病毒亚型并进行系统进化分 析。 结果 疫情发生在二年级(1)班, 全班共54名学生, 男29名, 女25名。经调査该学校其他班级其余年级未出现相 同症状病例。该起疫情共发现病例13例, 其中男生7例, 女生6例, 男女学生罹患率分别为24.1%( 7 /29)和24.0% ( 6 /25)。临床特征为发热13例(100.0%), 咽痛8例(61.5%), 全身肌肉酸痛8例(61.5%), 咳嗽5例(38.5%), 症状均较轻, 无重 症病例。共采集5份咽拭子标本 , 经荧光定量PCR检测均为腺病毒核酸阳性 , 5份标本用分型引物检测并分析序列确 定均为腺病毒E亚属4型。 结论 此次急性呼吸道感染聚集性疫情由腺病毒4型引起, 毒株序列与深圳其他区、国内 其他城市分离的腺病毒4型毒株序列具有髙度同源性。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78800151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey analysis of Clonorchis sinensis infection of fish and shrimp and people awareness of prevention in Shaoguan, Guangdong","authors":"W. Xiaoqing, Bina Yu-lin, Peng Guan-jie, Yan Guo-zhi, Li Xue-ying, Huang Xing-hu","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To understand the Clonorchis sinensis infection situation of freshwater fish and shrimp in Shaoguan city, and the public's awareness and prevention awareness of Clonorchiasis , we provide scientific basis for the relevant departments of Shaoguan City to carry out the prevention and treatment of Clonorchiasis . Methods The questionnaire survey about the prevention and control awareness of clonorchiasis was carried out through the network. The samples of freshwater fish / shrimp were collected from four areas in Shaoguan city from May 2018 to November 2018, and metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis were detected by tissue compression method. SPSS 21.0 software was used to process and analyze the data. Results The total detection rate of metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis was 29.55%. The detection rate of freshwater fish (1.78%) was lower than that of freshwater shrimp (58.70%) ( P <0.01). There was a significant difference ( P <0.05) in the detection rate of metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis among the four area in Shanguan. The highest detection rate was Renhua area (37.50%). The detection rate of fresh water fish / shrimp in the market (39.96%) was higher than that in the wild (2.20%). There was a significant difference between market and wild ( P <0.01). The public's awareness rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 67.35%, and there were statistical differences in the awareness rate among different age groups and different education levels, which were ( χ 2 = 19.411, P <0.05) and ( χ 2 =39.624, P <0.05). The history of eating “Sashimi” was 25.77% (101 persons), and the active susceptible group was 30.87%. Conclusion Freshwater fish and shrimp in some areas of Shaoguan City have a certain degree of Clonorchiasis infection. The public has insufficient attitudes and prevention awareness of Clonorchiasis . Active prevention and control measures of Clonorchiasis should be actively carried out, and the prevention awareness of the people should be strengthen. 摘要：目的 了解广东省韶关市区淡水鱼虾感染肝吸虫囊呦情况, 以及群众对肝吸虫病的认知和防范意识, 为韶 关市相关部门开展肝吸虫病的防治工作提供科学依据。 方法 采集韶关市内4个地区淡水鱼/虾样本, 采用组织压片 法检测囊呦；通过网络随机对群众进行问卷调査分析了解群众防控意识;应用SPSS 21.0统计学软件处理和分析数 据。 结果 肝吸虫囊呦总检出率为29.55%, 淡水鱼检出率 (1.78%)低于淡水虾(58.70%), 两者差异有统计学意义( P <0.01)。韶关市内4个地区之间的肝吸虫囊呦检出率差异有统计学意义( P <0.05), 检出率最高的地区是仁化县 (37.50%)。市售淡水鱼/虾的检出率(39.96%)高于野生的淡水鱼/虾(2.20%), 两者差异有统计学意义( P <0.01)。群众 对肝吸虫病的知晓率为67.35%, 不同年龄组间和不同文化程度间的知晓率差异有统计学意义( χ 2 =19.411, χ 2 =39.624, P <0.05)。调査显示, 有吃生鱼虾史的101人, 占25.77%, 有吃生鱼虾意愿人群占30.87%。 结论 韶关市内部分地区的 淡水鱼虾存在一定程度的肝吸虫囊呦感染, 群众对肝吸虫病防范态度和意识存在不足, 应积极开展有效的肝吸虫病防 控措施, 加强群众防范意识。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85286471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chest CT features analysis of 69 patients with COVID-19","authors":"Wang Zhen-ping, Luo Shi-shi, Chen Yang, Chen Hui-juan, C. Feng","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hainan area, and we aim to raise awareness of the disease. Methods The clinical chest CT data of 69 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed in Hainan People's Hospital, January 22 - March 7, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The main clinical manifestations of 69 patients were fever ( n =56), cough and expectoration( n =59), and fatigue ( n =32). Among 69 patients, 3 (4.35%) were mild cases, 54 (78.26%) were ordinary cases, 12 (17.39%) were severe and critically cases. Of the 69 patients, 5(7.25%) had negative CT findings, 64 (92.75%) had abnormal findings, the lesions involved both lungs in 51 cases (79.69%), while involved single lung in 13 cases (20.31%). There were 9 cases (14.06%) with single pulmonary lesion, and 55 cases (85.94%) with multiple pulmonary lesions. The lesions were mainly distributed in the subpleural in 37 cases (57.81%), CT imaging features of the focus were ground glass density shadow in the lung, in 23 cases (33.33%) were accompanied by central or segmental pulmonary consolidation, air bronchus signs were observed in 19 cases (27.54%), intralesional vascular bundle thickening in 50 cases (72.46%), thickened leaflet septa were found in 38 cases (55.07%), fibrous foci were noticed in 9 cases (13.04%), and pleural effusion were seen in 2 cases (2.90%). Conclusion COVID-19 patients in Hainan are mainly imported cases, some of them are local sporadic, and most of them are mild and ordinary. The first chest CT findings are mainly ground glass density shadow in subpleural, accompanied by thickening of vascular bundle and thickened leaflet septa, pleural effusion is rare. 摘要：目的 探讨海南地区新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronaviras disease 2019, COVID-19)的首诊胸部CT表现和临床特 点, 以期提高对该病的认识。 方法 回顾性分析2020年1月22日一3月7日海南省人民医院收治的69例COVID-19确 诊患者的临床胸部CT资料。 结果 69例患者临床表现主要为发热56例, 咳嗽、咳痰59例, 乏力32例。临床分型, 轻型 3例(4.35%), 普通型病例54例(78.26%), 重型和危重型12例 (17.39%)。69例患者中, 5例(7.25%)首诊胸部CT阴性, 64例(92.75%)胸部CT有异常病灶, 13例(20.31%)单侧肺叶病变, 51例(79.69%)为双肺受累;9例 (14.06%)肺内单发病 灶, 55例 (85.94%)肺内多发病灶。病灶的CT影像学特征为肺内磨玻璃密度影, 37例(57.81%)呈胸膜下及肺外带分布 为主；伴病灶中心或节段性肺实变23例 (33.33%), 伴支气管充气征19例 (27.54%), 合并病灶内血管束增粗50例 (72.46%), 伴小叶间隔增厚38例(55.07%), 胸膜下纤维条索影9例 (13.04%), 2例(2.90%)伴有胸腔积液。 结论 海南 地区COVID-19患者以输人性病例为主, 部分为本地散发病例, 临床以轻型和普通型病例为主。首诊胸部CT主要表现 为胸膜下及肺外带分布磨玻璃密度影, 伴血管束增粗及间质性改变, 胸腔积液少见。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80805755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results comparing on the internal control of RT-PCR on SARS-CoV-2 by two different nucleic acid extraction methods of releasant","authors":"L. Ting, Ouyang Zheng-de, Wu Wen-jin, Lin Xiao-de, Feng Zhi-gang","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.18","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Extraction of nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 with releasing agent by one-step method was optimized to improve the detection rate of the internal control (IC) in RT-PCR, reduce the re-examination rate caused by the non-detection of IC, and improve the time efficiency of report. Methods The nucleic acid test samples of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the PCR laboratory of Bao ' an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, were applied to extract nucleic acid with releasing agent one-step method that optimized by the laboratory, and compared with the original method in the kit specification: To observe the changes of IC amplification curve and cycle threshold ( Ct ); to compare the change of the review rate before and after. Results The amplification curves of IC were scattered between Ct24-44 before the optimization, and there were no amplification curves in several samples when unoptimized. After the optimization, the amplification curves were concentrated in the range of Ct 22-34, and all showed typical “S” shape; the Ct of samples were significantly lower than that before the optimized ( t =5.937 0, P 0.05); the Ct of N ( F =1.032, P = 0.970 1) and ORF1a/b ( F =1.262, P =0.784 8) gene in the positive quality evaluation samples were in the same case ( P >0.05). The overall sample review rate was also significantly reduced ( F =3.899 0, P =0.025 8). Conclusion The optimized one-step method for nucleic acid extraction is simple, convenience, and short test time. Without affecting the Ct of N and ORF1a/b gene in the SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, the results after amplification are obviously better than before, and reduced the rate of review, shorted the reporting time, which ease the burden of the huge detection pressure. 摘要：目的 对新型冠状病毒核酸释放剂一步提取法进行优化, 提高内标在荧光定量逆转录PCR中的检出效率, 降低因内标未检出带来的复査率, 提高核酸检测报告时效性。 方法 对深圳市宝安中医院PCR实验室的新型冠状病 毒核酸检测标本, 采用本实验室优化方法用释放剂一步法提取核酸, 与试剂盒说明书原方法进行比较, 观察两种方法提取核酸后内标扩增曲线及 Ct 值的不同；比较前后复査率改变。 结果 优化前, 各样本内标扩增曲线在 Ct 24〜44之间 散在分布, 部分样本内标未出现扩增曲线。经优化后, 各样本内标的扩增曲线集中在 Ct 22〜34之间, 且全部呈现典型 “S”型曲线；各样本内标的扩增起始循环 Ct 值明显小于优化前( t =5.937 0, P 0.05);优化前后, 阳性质评标本 N 基因 ( F =1.032, P =0.970 1)与 ORF1a/b 基 因 ( F =1.262, P =0.784 8), Ct 值差异均无统计学意义( P >0.05)。优化后样本总体复査率较优化前显著降低( F =3.899 0, P =0.025 8)。 结论 优化后的一步法提取核酸方法简单、便捷、用时短, 在不影响新型冠状病毒阳性标本 N 基因及 ORF1a/b 基因 Ct 值的同时, 内标检出结果明显优化, 降低了复査率, 缩短了报告发放时限, 提高检测效率。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85028902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of avian influenza virus in external environment in Jieyang, Guangdong, 2016-2020","authors":"F. Qi, Zheng Yu-xun, Xu Yaoshan, Hong Yan-ping","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.16","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To understand the dynamic distribution and epidemic characteristics of avian influenza virus in external environment in Jieyang, assess the risk of human infection with avian influenza, and we provide scientific basis for prevention and control of human avian influenza. Methods According to the random sampling method, relevant specimens were collected from poultry markets in 5 counties (county-level cities and districts) in Jieyang, 2016-2020. Real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method was used to detect the nucleic acid of influenza virus Type A. Positive specimens were then tested for the nucleic acid of H5N6, H7N9 and H9N2 subtypes of avian influenza virus. Results From 2016 to 2020, a total of 1 798 environmental samples were collected, of which 660 samples were positive for influenza A virus (FluA), with a positive rate of 36.71%. The positive rates of H5N6, H7N9 and H9N2 subtypes were 1.61%, 1.28% and 21.91%, respectively. The positive rate of avian influenza virus was higher in Puning county-level city (54.14%) and Huilai county (51.43%), and lowest in Jiexi county (4.84%). The highest positive rate of different types of samples (47.09%) was the washing of poultry sewage. Conclusion There are H5N6, H7N9, H9N2 and various subtypes of avian influenza virus contamination in external environment of poultry markets in Jieyang. The avian influenza virus has a wide epidemic area and there is a risk of human infection. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the real-time monitoring of avian influenza in external environment and the health supervision of urban and rural poultry market. 摘要：目的 了解揭阳市外环境禽流感病毒动态分布情况和流行特点, 评估人感染禽流感病毒的风险, 为人禽流 感防控提供科学依据。 方法 按随机抽样的方法, 对揭阳市2016—2020年5个县 (市、区)禽类市场进行相关标本采 集, 用实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)对标本进行流感病毒A型检测, 阳性标本再进行H5N6、H7N9、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒核 酸检测。 结果 揭阳市2016—2020年共采集外环境标本1 798份, 甲型流感病毒(FluA)阳性标本660份, 阳性率为 36.71%;其中H5N6、H7N9、H9N2亚型阳性率分别为1.61%、1.28%和21.91%。普宁市和惠来县的外环境禽流感病毒阳 性率较高, 分别为54.14%和51.43%。揭西县的外环境禽流感病毒阳性率最低, 为4.84%。不同类型标本检测阳性率最 高为清洗禽类污水(47.09%)。 结论 揭阳市禽类市场外环境中存在H5N6、H7N9、H9N2及多种亚型混合的禽流感病 毒污染, 禽流感病毒流行区域较广, 存在感染人的风险, 应继续加强外环境禽流感实时监测和城乡禽类市场卫生监管。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74950052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}