中国热带医学最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of one case of artemether-resistant severe falciparum malaria","authors":"Shen Wei-wei, L. Rui, Wei Huai-huai","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.21","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the clinical data of one case of artemether-resistant severe falciparum malaria in peacekeeping mission area in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in December 2019, so as to provide the reference for the treatment of falciparum malaria. The clinical history, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of one patient with artemether resistance in severe plasmodium falciparum malaria were reviewed. The patient, a Chinese engineer, had engaged in UN peace-keeping operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since Sep 23 2019. He was admitted to Chinese Level II Hospital on Dec 8, 2019 with the complaint of headache and weakness for 3 days, with fever and jaundice for 1 day. Plasmodium falciparum was diagnosed definitively by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and blood film smear. Parasite density was 53 200 /μL on admission, then the parasite clearance rate was monitored by blood film smear. Artemether was intramuscularly injected once a day for two days. But the patient’s symptoms were not improved, and the parasite density was still high (36 380 /μL) on Dec 10, 2019. The possibility of resistance to artemether was considered, so artesunate was intravenously injected for anti-malarial treatment. Meanwhile the comprehensive treatment such as liver protection was continued. December 13, 2019, the patient’ s condition was improved, and the anti-malarial therapy was changed to oral compound dihydroartemisinin tablets. The parasitemia was undetectable since Dec 14, 2019. The patients were discharged on Dec 20, 2019, and followed up for 3 months without recurrence. The therapeutic efficacy for falciparum malaria has been severely threatened by artemisinin resistance, not only for malaria in peacekeeping mission area, but also for imported malaria. The timely diagnosis and treatment for falciparum malaria play a critical role, meanwhile the survey of artemisinin resistance should be emphasized. 摘要 ：收集刚果(金)维和任务区2019年12月收治的1例蒿甲醚耐药重症恶性疟病例诊疗过程中的临床和实验室 检验资料, 并进行相关分析, 为今后恶性疟疾的临床治疗提供思路。该患者为中国工兵, 自2019年9月23日参与联合 国刚果(金)维和行动。2019年12月8日患者因“头痛、乏力3 d, 发热伴皮肤及巩膜黄染1 d”就诊于中国二级医院。经 血涂片镜检为恶性疟疾, 疟原虫计数为53 200/μL。人院后予以蒿甲醚肌肉注射行抗疟治疗, 并通过血涂片监测疟原 虫清除率。2019年12月10日患者仍持续发热, 伴腹痛、呼吸急促, 血涂片疟原虫计数36 380/μL。考虑蒿甲醚耐药可 能, 改用青蒿琥酯静脉注射, 继续行保肝等综合治疗。2019年12月13日患者症状改善, 改用口服复方双氢青蒿素片治 疗。2019年12月14日患者血涂片疟原虫转阴, 并于2019年12月20日出院。随访3个月, 患者无发热等不适, 复査血 涂片阴性, 证实该疟疾病例已痊愈。青蒿素耐药性的发生, 给维和任务区及国内输人性恶性疟疾的治疗带来严重的威 胁 , 必须做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗 , 同时重视耐药性的监测。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81759721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the results of follow-up COVID-19 patients half a year after discharge in Chengdu","authors":"Zhao Ben-nan, Liu Da-feng, Chen Xiao-fang, Liu Ya-ling, L. Dong-xia, Zhang Na, Lin Jun, Zhang Ren-qing","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To summarize the follow-up results of COVID-19 patients half a year after discharge in Chengdu. Methods To collect the data of 48 COVID-19 patients who were cured and discharged from the hospital, we used SPSS 26.0 statistical software to analyze the results of laboratory examinations, cardiac color Doppler ultrasound, chest CT, and cardiac MRI half a year after discharge. Results Among the revisited patients, 4 cases (8.3%) were accompanied by dry cough, and 7 cases (14.6%) had decreased activity tolerance, the incidence of decreased activity tolerance in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group ( P 0.05). The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 68.8% (33/48), 3 patients had positive results of SARS-CoV-2 IgM, and all patients' SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid were negative. 37.0% (17/46) of follow-up patients had heart valve regurgitation, 35.4% (17 /48) of follow-up patients had pulmonary ground-glass shadow lesions, and 10.4% (5 /48) had pulmonary interstitial grid shadow. The incidence of obvious ground-glass shadow lesions in lungs in the severe group was greater than that in the non-severe group ( P =0.001). Cardiac MRI results showed that 8 patients had myocardial edema, and 4 patients had myocardial microcirculation disorder. Conclusion Some COVID-19 patients have symptoms half a year after discharge, which are mainly manifested by dry cough and decreased activity tolerance. Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 may cause long-term myocardial damage to the patient. The liver function and T lymphocyte function have basically returned to normal half a year after discharge. Some patients have obvious ground-glass shadows in the lungs and lung function damage half a year after discharge. 摘要：目的 总结成都市新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者出院后半年的复诊结果。 方法 收集成都市48例复 诊的COVID-19患者资料 , 分为重症组和非重症组, 同时以医院45位健康医务人员为对照组, 使用SPSS 26.0统计学软 件整理分析复诊者出院后半年症状、实验室检査、心脏彩超、胸CT、心脏核磁共振结果, 以及复诊者CD4+T、CD8+T计数 与健康对照组的差异。 结果 复诊患者中伴干咳4例(8.3%), 活动耐量较患病前下降7例 (14.6%), 重症组活动耐量下 降的发生率髙于非重症组( P 0.05)。SARS-CoV-2 IgG的阳性率为68.8%, 例患者SARS-CoV-2 IgM阳性, 所有复诊患者咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴性； 37.0%复诊患者伴有心脏瓣膜反流;35.4%伴有肺部磨玻璃影病灶;10.4%伴有肺间质网格影。重症组肺部伴有明显磨 玻璃影病灶的发生率大于非重症组( P =0.001)。心脏核磁共振结果显示8例患者存在心肌水肿, 4例存在心肌微循环障 碍。 结论 部分COVID-19患者在出院后半年有症状, 主要表现为干咳及活动耐量较患病前下降, 感染新冠病毒可对 患者造成长时间的心肌损伤。出院后半年的肝功、T淋巴细胞功能已基本恢复正常。个别患者在出院后半年仍有明显 肺部磨玻璃影并伴有肺功能损伤。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89865179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiological analysis of a HFMD epidemic caused by CV-A6","authors":"Li He, Du Bo, Shi Heng-yue, AN Xuan-ning, L. Wen-xin","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.17","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To identify the pathogen that caused the cluster of HFMD epidemic in a middle school of Fuxin City in September 2019, and to find out the homogeneity of the pathogen. Methods The samples were preliminary identified by real-time PCR. Partial VP1 sequences were amplified by nested PCR. The virus type was identified by sequencing and blast comparison. and the homology and phylogenetic analyes of VP1 region were performed by bioinformatics software with CV-A6 reference sequences. Results Samples of 5 cases were tested by real-time fluorescent PCR, and the results showed that the enterovirus universal nucleic acid was positive, and both CV-A16 and EV71 nucleic acids were negative. They were judged to be non-CV-A16 and non-EV71 enterovirus infection. Online BLAST comparison of partial nucleotide sequences of the enterovirus VP1 region showed that samples of 5 cases were all positive for CV-A6 enterovirus, The homology of VP1 nucleotide sequence among 5 samples were 100%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 5 samples in this study belonged to the CV-A6 D3 subtype which was widely epidemic in China, and they were clustered with the dominant strains in recent years in Liaoning province. Conclusion This cluster of HFMD epidemic is induced by CV-A6. It is closely related to the prevalent CV-A6 strains in Liaoning province in recent years, and no significant variation is detected. 摘要：目的 对2019年9月辽宁省阜新市某中学一起手足口病聚集性疫情的未分型肠道病毒进行病原学鉴定, 分 析其种系发生情况。 方法 使用实时荧光PCR对标本进行初步病原学鉴定, 使用巢式PCR对未分型肠道病毒VP1区 部分核苷酸序列进行扩增和测序, BLAST比对确定肠道病毒型别, 利用生物信息学软件将VP1区全长序列与柯萨奇病 毒A6型(CV-A6)各亚型参考序列进行同源性和系统进化分析。 结果 5份标本经实时荧光PCR检测, 结果 显示肠道 病毒通用型核酸阳性 , CV-A16型和EV71型核酸均为阴性 , 判断为非CV-A16非EV71型肠道病毒感染。对肠道病毒 VP1区部分核苷酸序列进行在线BLAST比对 , 结果 显示5例患者标本均为CV-A6型肠道病毒阳性, 其VP1区核苷酸序 列同源性为100%。系统进化分析显示, 5例标本属于我国广泛流行的CV-A6 D3亚型 , 且与辽宁省近几年的优势流行 株在同一个进化树分支上。 结论 引起此次聚集性手足口病疫情的病原体为CV-A6型肠道病毒, 与近年来辽宁省流 行的CV-A6毒株亲缘关系密切, 未发生明显变异。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83014968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid assay for nasal swab and sputum samples","authors":"Pan Dong-ming, Lin Jing-yan, Zhang Jie-yun, Yang Qian-ting, Wang Yan-rong, Wang Xian-feng, Zhang Mingxia","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.13","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To analyze nucleic acid detection results of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients' nasal swabs and sputum specimens, and we provide reference for clinical sampling methods. Methods Totally 170 times of matched nasal swabs and sputum specimens of 78 COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital were collected from the same day. The samples were tested with real-time fluorescence PCR nucleic acid. The nasal swabs and sputum samples were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 78 patients were involved, including 33 males and 45 females. Age ranged 1-86 years old, the majority of young and middle-aged (20-<60 years, 59.0%) patients, followed by elderly patients (≥ 60 years, 33.0%), 4 children. Among 170 matched samples, 59 nasal swabs were positive, the positive rate was 34.7%; 79 sputum samples were positive, the positive rate was 46.5%, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.01). There were 46 times of positive nasal swabs and sputum specimens simultaneously. The results showed that the Ct value of 27 sputum samples was lower than that of nasal swabs (58.7%), 17 sputum samples were higher than that of nasal swabs (37.0%), and 2 sputum samples were equal to that of nasal swabs (4.3%). This suggested a higher viral load in sputum specimens than in nose swabs. Conclusion In the nucleic acid assay of COVID-19 patients, the positive rate of sputum specimens is higher than that of nasal swabs, and the rate of missing detection is low. The viral load of sputum specimens is higher than that of nasal swabs, which is more conducive to the detection of viral nucleic acids, and patients are more receptive. 摘要：目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(coranavims disease 2019, COVID-19)患者鼻拭子和痰标本病毒核酸检测结 果, 为临床采样方式的选择提供参考依据。 方法 收集深圳市第三人民医院新型冠状病毒肺炎78例患者共170例次 同一天鼻拭子与痰配对标本, 进行实时荧光PCR核酸检测, 分析比较鼻拭子和痰标本检测情况。 结果 78例患者中男 性33例, 女性45例, 年龄1∼86岁, 中青年(20∼<60岁) 患者居多 (占59.0%), 其次为老年(≥60岁) 患者 (占33.0%), 4例 为儿童。170例次配对标本中, 鼻拭子和痰标本核酸阳性的阳性率分别为34.7%(59/170)和46.5%(79/170), 差异有统 计学意义( P <0.01)。鼻拭子和痰标本同时阳性共46例次, 结果显示27例痰标本Ct值低于鼻拭子Ct值 (占58.7%), 17 例痰标本Ct值高于鼻拭子Ct值 (占37.0%), 2例痰标本Ct值等于鼻拭子Ct值 (占4.3%), 提示痰标本的病毒载量比鼻拭 子的病毒载量更高。 结论 在新型冠状病毒肺炎患者病毒核酸检测中, 痰标本的阳性率高于鼻拭子标本, 且漏检率低, 痰标本的病毒载量比鼻拭子的病毒载量更高, 更有利于病毒核酸的检出, 同时患者更易接受, 建议有痰患者优先采集 痰标本。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76230096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of malaria elimination in Minhang District, Shanghai","authors":"Chen Yu-ping, Wang Zhou-yun","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To analyze the malaria epidemic situation and prevention and control process, and we summarize and assess the malaria elimination work in Minhang District, Shanghai, so as to provide the evidence for maintaining the eradication of malaria. Methods The data of control work, reports, documents, work plans, strategies and measures of malaria in Minhang District from 1950 to 2019 were collected and analyzed, to indicate its epidemiological characteristics and preventive procedure by descriptive epidemiological methods. And we summarized and evaluated the process of eliminating malaria in Minhang District. Results Malaria used to be the most dangerous infectious disease in Minhang District. Two outbreaks occurred in 1954 and 1961 respectively, with the highest annual incidence of 7 824.98/100 000, with P. vivax as the dominant vector and Anopheles sinensis as the only vector. Through comprehensive prevention and control, the incidence of malaria gradually decreased to 10 per 100 000 in 1980, and the standard of basically eliminating malaria was met in 1985. In 2010, Minhang District launched the Action Plan for Eliminating Malaria, and implemented comprehensive technical measures focusing on eliminating the source of infection and blocking transmission. By 2015, there had been no local infection cases for five consecutive years, meeting the assessment standards for eliminating malaria. The malaria eradication maintenance phase began after 2016. According to the characteristics of malaria epidemic in different periods, Minhang District adopted targeted prevention and control measures, which experienced different stages of malaria epidemic, control, monitoring, elimination and post-elimination maintenance. After 2013, all the cases were imported from abroad, and the majority of them were middle-aged and young migrating population. There were no obvious characteristics of the infected species and onset time of the cases. The focus of prevention and control is to timely detect and deal with malaria cases to prevent further transmission. Conclusion Maintaining surveillance networks and surveillance capabilities, and preventing the risk of retransmission of imported cases has become a new challenge after malaria eradication has been entered the maintenance phase. 摘要：目的 分析上海市闵行区不同时期疟疾流行状况和防治历程, 总结闵行区消除疟疾工作, 为维持消除疟疾 状态提供依据。 方法 收集闵行区1950—2019年疟疾防治疫情相关报表、工作计划总结、防治文件和策略等资料, 采 用描述流行病学方法分析闵行区疟疾流行特征与防治措施, 总结评估闵行区消除疟疾历程。 结果 疟疾曾是闵行区 危害最大的传染病, 1954年和1961年先后发生过2次暴发流行, 年发病率最髙达7 824.98/10万, 以间日疟为主, 中华按 蚊为唯一传播媒介。经过综合防治, 1980年疟疾发病率逐步降低至10/10万, 1985年达到了基本消灭疟疾的标准;2010 年启动闵行区消除疟疾行动计划 , 实施以清除传染源、阻断传播为重点的综合技术措施 , 至2015年连续5年无本地感 染病例, 达到了消除疟疾考核标准;2016年后进人消除疟疾维持阶段。闵行区根据不同时期疟疾流行特点采取了针对 性防控措施, 经历疟疾流行、控制、监测、消除和消除后维持的不同阶段。2013年后病例均为境外输人性病例, 以中青 年流动人口为主, 感染虫种和病例发病时间无明显特征, 防控重点是及时发现和处置疟疾病例, 防止引起续发传播。 结论 达到消除疟疾标准后, 维持疟疾监测网络和监测能力, 防止输人性病例再传播风险成为面临的新挑战。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90660803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on influencing factors of antiretroviral therapy withdrawal in HIV/AIDS patients","authors":"Dong Wen-yi, Xie Zhi-man","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.20","url":null,"abstract":"AIDS is a highly harmful infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which requires HIV/AIDS patients to take medication on time and at the appropriate amount every day to effectively inhibit HIV replication in vivo. China has implemented antiretroviral therapy (ART) and expanded treatment strategy, including all eligible HIV-infected people into the treatment scope of treatment. More and more HIV-infected patients receive ART. At the same time, the number of HIV/AIDS patients who withdraw from ART (drug withdrawal and loss of follow-up) is also increasing year by year. In the long-term medication process of HIV/AIDS patients, various reasons such as adverse drug reactions, busy work, CD4, low selfmanagement ability of patients, economic conditions and other reasons lead to poor compliance of patients and high incidence of withdrawal. In China, ART treatment coverage of HIV/AIDS patients is required to be over 90%, and withdrawal has become the biggest threat to the coverage of ART treatment. In this paper, the influencing factors related to ART withdrawal of HIV/ AIDS patients were summarized to comprehensively understand the reasons for the possible withdrawal of ART therapy for HIV/ AIDS patients, and to provide measures to reduce the withdrawal and loss of follow-up of ART therapy for HIV/AIDS patients. 摘要 : 艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的一种危害性极大的传染病, 需要 HIV/AIDS 患者每日按时按量服 药才能有效抑制体内 HIV 复制。中国实施抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)和扩大治疗策略将所有符合条件的 HIV 感染者纳人 治疗范围, 越来越多的 HIV 感染者接受ART,同时退出 (停药和失访)ART的 HIV/AIDS 患者人数也在逐年累加。在 HIV/AIDS 患者长期的服药过程中, 药物不良反应、工作繁忙、CD4、患者自我管理能力低、经济条件等各种原因, 导致患 者出现依从性不良 , 患者退出的发生率髙。中国遏制与防治艾滋病要求 HIV/AIDS 患者 ART 治疗覆盖率是90%以上, 退出已经成为影响ART治疗覆盖率的最大威胁。本文就 HIV/AIDS 患者 ART 退出相关影响因素进行综述, 全面了解 HIV/AIDS 患者ART治疗可能退出的原因以及提供减少 HIV/AIDS 患者ART治疗停药和失访相关措施。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72734004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The antiviral effect of Qingkailing injection against Dengue virus type 1 in vitro","authors":"Ji Xun-min, Liang Yu-heng, HE Chi-ming, Zhou Ying, Xiao Wei, PU Qiao-hong, Xueping Ying, Lai Wen-hui, Zhang Ji-kai, Zhang Lei, Peng Tuo-hua","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To evaluate the antiviral effects of the Qingkailing injection against Dengue virus type 1 (DENV- 1) in vitro. Methods The maximum non-toxic dose and anti-DENV-1 effect of Qingkailing injection on the C6/36 cells was determined by MTT. The effect of Qingkailing injection on DENV-1 was determined by MTT. Using NS1 protein as the target protein, the infectivity of DENV-1 pretreated with different dilution of Qingkailing injection was detected by Western Blot. The effect of Qingkailing injection on DENV-1 copy number was determined by Q-PCR. Variance analysis was used to compare the effects of Qingkailing injection with different dilution on the virus. Results MTT results showed that the maximum nontoxic dose of Qingkailing injection on C6/36 cells was 1/64. MTT results showed that cell viability had been increased to (76.9±3.5)%, (72.5±2.5)% and (63.0±1.5)% by Qingkailing injection with dilutions of 1/64, 1/128 and 1/256. This result indicated that Qingkailing injection could significantly reduce the cytopathic effect of DENV-1. Q-PCR results showed that the copy numbers of DENV-1 was reduced by (43.8±3.1)% and (27.4±1.4)% with Qingkailing injection at the dilutions of 1/64 and 1/128, which showed that Qingkailing injection had significantly inhibitory effect on RNA replication of DENV-1. According to the Western blot results, the expression of NS1 protein was effectively reduced with Qingkailing injection after pretreatment. Conclusion Qingkailing injection has obvious antivirus activity in vitro after pretreatment. 摘要：目的 探讨清开灵注射液体外抗I型登革热病毒(DENV-1)的作用。 方法 通过噻唑蓝(MTT)法, 测定清 开灵注射液对C6/36细胞的最大无毒剂量以及清开灵注射液抗DENV-1的作用；利用蛋白质印迹试验(Western Blot), 以非结构蛋白NS1为目的蛋白, 检测DENV-1经不同稀释度的清开灵注射液预处理后的感染能力；荧光定量PCR法检 测清开灵注射液对DENV-1拷贝数的影响。采用方差分析比较不同稀释度清开灵注射液对DENV-1的影响。 结果 MTT结果显示, 清开灵注射液对C6/36细胞的最大无毒剂量为1/64;经过稀释度为1/64、/128和1/256的清开灵 注射液处理后, 感染病毒的细胞存活率增加至(76.9±3.5)%、(72.5±2.5)%和 (63.0±1.5)%, 表明清开灵注射液能明显减 弱DENV-1引起的细胞病变效应;Q-PCR结果显示稀释度为1/64、1/128的清开灵注射液对DENV-1拷贝数的抑制率达 到(43.8±3.1)%和 (27.4±1.4)%, 表明其对病毒RNA复制产生明显的抑制作用；蛋白质印迹试验结果显示, 清开灵注射 液能有效地抑制病毒NS1蛋白的表达。 结论 清开灵注射液体外预处理病毒的给药方式对I型登革热病毒具有明显 的抑制作用。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90915543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease before and after the introduction of EV71 vaccine in Baiyun District, Guangzhou","authors":"Wang Zhi-yun, Chen Yan-fang, Pan Zhi-ming, Lin Dan-er, Meng Yan, Zhou Yong, Zhao Li-xuan, LU Rui-jun","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To explore the influence of EV71 vaccine on the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Baiyun District, and we develop prevention and control strategies. Methods Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) report information and EV71 vaccine data were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Childhood Immunization Program Information System, and descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted. Results A total of 83 574 cases of HFMD were reported from 2014 to 2019, among which 5 309 cases were laboratory diagnosed, with an average annual incidence of 573.85 / 100 000. After vaccination, the incidence of HFMD decreased from 2016 to 2018, but increased slightly in 2019. The annual time distribution showed bimodal prevalence, which was high in summer and autumn. The regional distribution was characterized by high population density and high incidence of towns and streets. The population distribution was more male than female, mainly occurred in children under 5 years old, and children living in diaspora were the majority. No significant changes were observed in the high incidence season, high-risk population and high incidence area. In terms of etiological characteristics, the dominant pathogens were other enterovirus and the composition ratio of EV71 generally showed a downward trend. From 2016 to 2019, a total of 287 375 doses of EV71 vaccine were administered in Baiyun District. Conclusion The overlap of EV71 vaccination peak and HFMD incidence peak reflects the low vaccination level of EV71 vaccine and the weak vaccination awareness of the public in Baiyun District, so the effect of controlling EV71 infection of HFMD is still limited. The high incidence was found in urban villages, which may be related to factors such as large population migration, high residential density and poor health awareness. The high incidence was among children under 5 years old, which may be related to low immunity level, unformed hygiene habits, and more exposure opportunities. Therefore, it is necessary to promote health education and health promotion in communities and families in order to improve the public awareness of vaccination and hygiene, improve the living and health environment, and form hygiene habits, so as to achieve the goal of comprehensive prevention and control of HFMD. 摘要：目的 探索广州市白云区EV71疫苗对手足口病流行病学特征影响, 为制定防控策略提供依据。 方法 通 过中国疾病预防控制信息系统与儿童免疫规划信息系统获取手足口病报告信息与EV71疫苗数据并进行描述性流行 病学分析。 结果 2014—2019年共报告手足口病病例83 574例, 其中实验室诊断病例共5 309例, 年平均发病率为 573.85/10万, EV71疫苗接种后2016—2018年手足口病发病率下降, 2019年略上升；时间分布上每年呈双峰流行, 具有 夏秋季高发的特点;地区分布上呈人群密集度高的镇街高发的特点;人群分布上男性多于女性 , 主要发生在5岁以下儿 童 , 散居儿童为主, 高发季节 、 高危人群及高发地区未见明显变化;病原学特征上优势病原体为其他肠道病毒, EV71构 成比总体呈下降趋势;2016—2019年白云区累计接种EV71疫苗287 375剂次。 结论 EV71疫苗接种高峰与手足口病 发病高峰重叠反映白云区EV71疫苗低接种水平、公众接种意识不强, 故控制EV71感染手足口病效果尚有限。城中村 为高发地点, 可能与人群流动性大、居住密度高、卫生意识差等因素有关。高发人群为5岁以下低龄儿童, 可能与免疫 力水平低、卫生习惯未形成、暴露机会多等因素有关。故需推动社区和家庭的健康教育与健康促进以提高公众的疫苗 接种意识与卫生意识、改善居住卫生环境、养成卫生习惯, 最终达到综合防控手足口病的目标","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85539961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemic characteristics of imported malaria in Hubei, 2015-2019","authors":"Wu Dong-ni, Xia Jing, Sun Ling-cong, Zhang Huaxun, Wan Lun, Z. Juan, Cao MuMin, Lin Wen","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To understand the malaria epidemic characteristics in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for adjusting the strategies in the post-elimination stage. Methods The data from the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed, with the descriptive epidemiological method for the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2019. Results During 2015 to 2019, a total of 645 malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province, all reported cases were imported from overseas, 456 were infected with falciparum malaria (70.7%), 78 with vivax malaria (12.1%), 88 with ovale malaria (13.6%), 20 with quartan malaria (3.1%) and 3 with mixed infection (0.5%). The top 5 cities with highest number of imported malaria cases were Wuhan (222, 34.4%), Yichang (85, 13.2%), Huangshi (60, 9.3%), Huanggang (46, 7.1%), Xiangyang (45, 7.0%). The peak of disease onset mainly occurred in January to February, in July and in November. 84.3% (544/645) of the whole cases were concentrated in 20-<50 age groups. There were 621 male cases and 24 female cases, with a sex ratio of 25.9:1. The patients first selected diagnosis units were mainly concentrated in medical institutions, 452 (70.1%) cases were diagnosed with malaria at initial doctor visited. 43.9% of the cases were diagnosed as malaria within 24 hours after seeing a doctor. The proportion of cases with a time interval of ≥4 d from initial diagnosis to confirmed showed a decreasing trend. Imported malaria cases were mainly confirmed by prefecture-level medical institutions, accounting for 33.6%. During 2015-2019, all imported malaria cases of Hubei province were came from 39 countries distributed Africa, Asia, Oceania and South America. The imported cases came mainly from Congo-Kinshasa (118), Nigeria (73), Angola (53), Ethiopia (48) and Republic of Congo (39). Conclusions During 2015-2019, the imported malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province every year, therefore the surveillance system of malaria must be continue to work for strengthen the achievement of malaria elimination in Hubei Province. 摘要:目的 分析2015—2019年湖北省输人性疟疾流行特征,为湖北省消除疟疾后监测工作提供科学依据。 方法 在传染病报告信息管理系统中收集2015—2019年湖北省网报疟疾病例资料,对2015—2019年湖北省输人性疟 疾疫情的流行病学特征进行分析。 结果 2015—2019年湖北省共报告输人性疟疾病例645例。其中,恶性疟456例 (占70.7%)、间日疟78例（占12.1%)、卵形疟88例（占13.6%)、三日疟20例（占3.1%)和混合感染3例（占0.5%)。输人性 疟疾病例主要分布在武汉(222例,占34.4%)、宜昌（85例,占13.2%)、黄石(60例,占9.3%)、黄冈(46例,占7.1%)和襄阳 (45例,占7.0%)。2015—2019年每月均有输人性疟疾病例报告,其中1—2月、7月和11月为病例报告的3个髙峰期。 发病以20 ~ <50岁组居多,占84.3%(544/645)。男性621例,女性24例,性别比25.9:1。全省输人性疟疾病例初诊单位 主要集中在医疗机构,452例病例初诊被诊断为疟疾,初诊正确率为70.1%。病例就诊后24 h内确诊占43.9%,病例初 诊到确诊时间间隔≥4 d的占比呈现下降趋势。输人性疟疾病例主要由地市级医疗机构确诊,占33.6%。2015—2019 年,湖北省所有疟疾病例从非洲、亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲的39个国家输人。主要从非洲刚果民主共和国（118例）、尼日 利亚(73例）、安哥拉(53例）、埃塞俄比亚(48例）、刚果共和国（39例）等国家输人。 结论 2015—2019年湖北省每年均 有输人性疟疾病例报告,为固巩全省消除疟疾成果,必须持续加强对输人性疟疾疫情的监测工作。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84519723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenge and response of imported malaria for preventing malaria re-establishment","authors":"G. Qi","doi":"10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13604/J.CNKI.46-1064/R.2021.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria was one of the most serious infectious diseases with the longest epidemic history in China. After decades of unremitting efforts by several generations of malaria workers, the malaria cases from 30 million per year to zero in China, and there have been no indigenes malaria cases for four consecutive years, which has reached the goal of WHO malaria elimination. However, there are thousands of imported malaria cases in China every year, and the malaria vector still exists in the original malaria-endemic areas. Deaths caused by imported malaria cases and secondary imported malaria cases occur somewhile. Imported malaria give rise to new challenge to prevent re-establishment of malaria in China. In this paper, the pathogenic biology of inputted parasite strains, the clinical characteristics and treatment needs of imported malaria cases and the possibility of local transmission through imported case are analyzed. Three countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for early finding and standardized treatment of imported cases as well as accurate blocking of potential local transmission by imported case. 摘要: 疟疾曾是我国流行历史最久远,影响范围最广泛,危害最严重的传染病之一,经过几代疟防工作者几十年不懈的努力,我国成功实现了从年发病例3 000万到0的突破,并已连续4年无本地原发疟疾病例,达到了世界卫生组织消除疟疾的标准。但我国每年仍有数千例境外输人性疟疾,原疟疾流行区的传疟媒介依然存在,因境外输人病例导致的死亡病例和输人继发病例时有发生,境外输人性疟疾对我国巩固消除疟疾成果,防止输人再传播造成新的威胁。本文就境外输人疟原虫虫株的病原生物学特征、境外输人性疟疾病例的临床特点和诊治需求、境外输人病例在本地传播可能性等进行了分析,并提出及时发现输人传染源、规范诊治输人性病例和精准阻断输人再传播三个防止输人再传播的对策建议。","PeriodicalId":10045,"journal":{"name":"中国热带医学","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90005942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}