eScience最新文献_第3页

Longitudinal confinement engineering in phase change materials 相变材料的纵向约束工程

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100454

Yuhao Feng , Keke Chen , Panpan Liu , Jindi Zhao , Yang Li , Xiao Chen

Amidst escalating energy demands and intensifying environmental pressures, advanced phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as highly efficient and sustainable storage solutions, owing to their unique operational principles. However, pristine PCMs encounter a multitude of challenges, including susceptibility to leakage, inferior thermal/electrical conductivity, inadequate light responsiveness, intrinsic rigidity, and limited functionality, which impede their effectiveness in addressing the complex demands of real-world applications. Longitudinal confinement of PCMs using advanced multifunctional 1D materials is accepted as a cutting-edge solution to these limitations. A corresponding comprehensive review of longitudinally confined composite PCMs is thus imperative for subsequent studies and yet is missing from the literature, unlike reviews of 0D, 2D, and 3D materials for PCMs. Herein, this review systematically highlights the diverse roles of longitudinal materials in PCMs and analyzes the relationships between their architectures and thermophysical properties, with particular emphasis on design principles and advanced multifunctional interdisciplinary applications. Additionally, we provide an in-depth understanding of thermal transfer, energy conversion mechanisms, and rationalized routes to high-efficiency energy conversion PCMs. Finally, we introduce critical considerations for current challenges and future solutions to them, hoping to offer constructive guidance and facilitate significant breakthroughs for longitudinally confined composite PCMs in both fundamental interdisciplinary research and commercial applications.

在不断升级的能源需求和不断加剧的环境压力下，先进相变材料（PCMs）由于其独特的工作原理而成为高效和可持续的存储解决方案。然而，原始pcm面临着许多挑战，包括易泄漏、导热/导电性差、光响应性不足、固有刚性和有限的功能，这些都阻碍了它们在解决实际应用的复杂需求方面的有效性。使用先进的多功能一维材料纵向约束pcm被认为是解决这些限制的前沿解决方案。因此，纵向受限复合pcm的相应综合综述对于后续研究是必要的，但与对pcm的0D， 2D和3D材料的综述不同，文献中缺少这一综述。在此，本文系统地强调了纵向材料在pcm中的不同作用，并分析了其结构与热物理性质之间的关系，特别强调了设计原则和先进的多功能跨学科应用。此外，我们还提供了对热传导，能量转换机制的深入了解，以及高效能量转换pcm的合理化路线。最后，我们介绍了当前挑战的关键考虑因素和未来的解决方案，希望为纵向受限复合材料相变材料在基础跨学科研究和商业应用方面提供建设性的指导和促进重大突破。

{"title":"Longitudinal confinement engineering in phase change materials","authors":"Yuhao Feng , Keke Chen , Panpan Liu , Jindi Zhao , Yang Li , Xiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst escalating energy demands and intensifying environmental pressures, advanced phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as highly efficient and sustainable storage solutions, owing to their unique operational principles. However, pristine PCMs encounter a multitude of challenges, including susceptibility to leakage, inferior thermal/electrical conductivity, inadequate light responsiveness, intrinsic rigidity, and limited functionality, which impede their effectiveness in addressing the complex demands of real-world applications. Longitudinal confinement of PCMs using advanced multifunctional 1D materials is accepted as a cutting-edge solution to these limitations. A corresponding comprehensive review of longitudinally confined composite PCMs is thus imperative for subsequent studies and yet is missing from the literature, unlike reviews of 0D, 2D, and 3D materials for PCMs. Herein, this review systematically highlights the diverse roles of longitudinal materials in PCMs and analyzes the relationships between their architectures and thermophysical properties, with particular emphasis on design principles and advanced multifunctional interdisciplinary applications. Additionally, we provide an in-depth understanding of thermal transfer, energy conversion mechanisms, and rationalized routes to high-efficiency energy conversion PCMs. Finally, we introduce critical considerations for current challenges and future solutions to them, hoping to offer constructive guidance and facilitate significant breakthroughs for longitudinally confined composite PCMs in both fundamental interdisciplinary research and commercial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":36.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the electro-chemo-mechanics of lithium metal anodes 了解锂金属阳极的电化学力学

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100429

Quan Wu , Elin Dufvenius Esping , Marita Afiandika , Shizhao Xiong , Aleksandar Matic

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their potential to increase energy density. However, the nonuniform electrodeposition of Li during cycling, plus the growth of Li dendrites and the side reactions between Li metal and the electrolyte, hinder the practical deployment of LMBs. The plating/stripping behavior of Li is an electro-chemo-mechanical process, and gaining a thorough understanding of its mechanisms is a cornerstone of LMB development. In this review, the current understanding of electro-chemo-mechanical processes on Li metal anodes is systematically summarized from the perspectives of Li plating/stripping in liquid- and solid-state electrolytes, the important role of the solid–electrolyte interphase, and the methodologies for understanding the electro-chemo-mechanics of the Li metal anode. The aim is to promote the development of LMBs through the optimization of Li metal anodes, which is based on understanding the fundamental processes occurring during electrochemical plating and stripping.

锂金属电池（lmb）由于具有提高能量密度的潜力，成为下一代储能系统的候选者。然而，循环过程中锂的电沉积不均匀，加上锂枝晶的生长和锂金属与电解质之间的副反应，阻碍了lmb的实际部署。锂的电镀/剥离行为是一个电化学-机械过程，深入了解其机制是LMB发展的基石。本文从液态和固态电解液中镀/剥离锂、固-电解质界面的重要作用以及理解锂金属阳极电化学力学的方法等方面，系统地总结了目前对锂金属阳极电化学力学过程的认识。目的是在了解电化学镀和剥离过程的基本过程的基础上，通过优化锂金属阳极来促进lmb的发展。

引用次数: 0

Concentration-gradient driven atom diffusion to synthesize high-loaded and sub-5 nm PtCo intermetallic compound for fuel cells 浓度梯度驱动原子扩散合成燃料电池用高负载亚5nm PtCo金属间化合物

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100453

Qingqing Cheng , Tao Wang , Yihe Chen , Yongyu Pan , Yubin Chen , Bo Yang , Hui Yang

The synthesis of Pt intermetallic compounds (IMCs) typically necessitates high-temperature annealing to overcome the atom-diffusion kinetic barrier, which inevitably results in considerable nanoparticle sintering, especially for the high-loaded catalyst, thus leading to diminished performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. We propose a concentration-gradient-driven atom diffusion strategy to synthesize Pt intermetallic compounds (IMCs), overcoming the atom-diffusion kinetic barrier under relatively low temperature. This method efficiently transforms high-loaded Pt seeds/C into sub-5 nm L₁₀-PtCo-IMC/C (44.3 wt%) catalyst. Advanced characterizations and molecular dynamic simulations reveal that locally concentrated Co precursors accelerate atom diffusion and enhance nanoparticle anti-sintering ability. Temperature-dependent analyses further elucidate the structural transformation mechanism by tracking crystal structure and nanoparticle size evolution. Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) integrated with the optimized PtCo-IMC/C at a low Pt usage (0.1 mg cm⁻²) delivers a maximum power density of approximately 1.15 W cm⁻² and excellent stability (a 26-mV loss at 0.8 A cm⁻²) after 30000 cycles of accelerated stress testing under H₂-air conditions. This scalable synthesis pathway (20 g per batch) holds great promise for advancing high-loaded fuel cell electrocatalysts.

Pt金属间化合物（IMCs）的合成通常需要高温退火来克服原子扩散动力学屏障，这不可避免地导致大量纳米颗粒烧结，特别是对于高负载催化剂，从而导致质子交换膜燃料电池的性能下降。我们提出了一种浓度梯度驱动的原子扩散策略来合成铂金属间化合物（IMCs），克服了相对低温下原子扩散的动力学势垒。该方法有效地将高负载Pt种子/C转化为低于5 nm （44.3% wt%）的L10-PtCo-IMC/C催化剂。先进的表征和分子动力学模拟表明，局部浓缩的Co前驱体加速了原子扩散，增强了纳米颗粒的抗烧结能力。温度依赖分析通过跟踪晶体结构和纳米颗粒尺寸演变进一步阐明了结构转变机制。膜电极组件（MEA）与优化的PtCo-IMC/C集成在低铂用量（0.1 mg cm - 2）下，在h2 -空气条件下进行30000次加速应力测试后，其最大功率密度约为1.15 W cm - 2，稳定性极佳（0.8 a cm - 2时损耗26 mv）。这种可扩展的合成途径（每批20克）对推进高负荷燃料电池电催化剂具有很大的希望。

{"title":"Concentration-gradient driven atom diffusion to synthesize high-loaded and sub-5 nm PtCo intermetallic compound for fuel cells","authors":"Qingqing Cheng , Tao Wang , Yihe Chen , Yongyu Pan , Yubin Chen , Bo Yang , Hui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of Pt intermetallic compounds (IMCs) typically necessitates high-temperature annealing to overcome the atom-diffusion kinetic barrier, which inevitably results in considerable nanoparticle sintering, especially for the high-loaded catalyst, thus leading to diminished performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. We propose a concentration-gradient-driven atom diffusion strategy to synthesize Pt intermetallic compounds (IMCs), overcoming the atom-diffusion kinetic barrier under relatively low temperature. This method efficiently transforms high-loaded Pt seeds/C into sub-5 nm L<sub>10</sub>-PtCo-IMC/C (44.3 wt%) catalyst. Advanced characterizations and molecular dynamic simulations reveal that locally concentrated Co precursors accelerate atom diffusion and enhance nanoparticle anti-sintering ability. Temperature-dependent analyses further elucidate the structural transformation mechanism by tracking crystal structure and nanoparticle size evolution. Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) integrated with the optimized PtCo-IMC/C at a low Pt usage (0.1 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>) delivers a maximum power density of approximately 1.15 W cm<sup>−2</sup> and excellent stability (a 26-mV loss at 0.8 A cm<sup>−2</sup>) after 30000 cycles of accelerated stress testing under H<sub>2</sub>-air conditions. This scalable synthesis pathway (20 g per batch) holds great promise for advancing high-loaded fuel cell electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":36.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manganese-containing electrocatalysts for sustainable acidic oxygen evolution 可持续酸性析氧的含锰电催化剂

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100427

Wenqi Jia, Licheng Miao, Xuejie Cao, Xiaojie Chen, Ting Jin, Fangyi Cheng, Lifang Jiao, Jun Chen

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is recognized as an advanced technology for green hydrogen production and renewable energy conversion. However, the prohibitive cost and limited availability of precious-metal catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hamper its industrial application, and it is imperative to reduce the precious-metal loading by incorporating other elements or exploring alternative materials. Given the low cost and abundant reserves, manganese (Mn)-related catalysts have garnered increasing attention. This review systematically summarizes the progress of Mn-containing catalysts for acidic OER. Initially, we present an overview of fundamental characteristics and OER performance, especially the excellent stability, of Mn oxides. Then, we introduce the modulating effect of Mn in terms of the support, electronic structure, reaction mechanism, and surface reconstruction, followed by an analysis of the advancement of Mn-containing catalysts in PEMWE. Finally, the unresolved issues and future research directions for Mn-containing catalysts in acidic OER are critically discussed.

质子交换膜电解（PEMWE）是公认的绿色制氢和可再生能源转化的先进技术。然而，贵金属析氧催化剂的高昂成本和有限的可用性阻碍了其工业应用，通过加入其他元素或探索替代材料来减少贵金属的负载是势在必行的。锰（Mn）催化剂由于成本低、储量丰富而越来越受到人们的关注。本文系统地综述了酸性OER中含锰催化剂的研究进展。首先，我们概述了锰氧化物的基本特性和OER性能，特别是优异的稳定性。然后，从载体、电子结构、反应机理和表面重构等方面介绍了Mn的调制作用，并对含Mn催化剂在PEMWE中的研究进展进行了分析。最后，对酸性OER中含锰催化剂存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了批判性的讨论。

{"title":"Manganese-containing electrocatalysts for sustainable acidic oxygen evolution","authors":"Wenqi Jia, Licheng Miao, Xuejie Cao, Xiaojie Chen, Ting Jin, Fangyi Cheng, Lifang Jiao, Jun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is recognized as an advanced technology for green hydrogen production and renewable energy conversion. However, the prohibitive cost and limited availability of precious-metal catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hamper its industrial application, and it is imperative to reduce the precious-metal loading by incorporating other elements or exploring alternative materials. Given the low cost and abundant reserves, manganese (Mn)-related catalysts have garnered increasing attention. This review systematically summarizes the progress of Mn-containing catalysts for acidic OER. Initially, we present an overview of fundamental characteristics and OER performance, especially the excellent stability, of Mn oxides. Then, we introduce the modulating effect of Mn in terms of the support, electronic structure, reaction mechanism, and surface reconstruction, followed by an analysis of the advancement of Mn-containing catalysts in PEMWE. Finally, the unresolved issues and future research directions for Mn-containing catalysts in acidic OER are critically discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":36.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heterointerface photo-electron effect in VO2(B)/V2O5 nanocomposite under long-wave infrared illumination for high-temperature microbolometers 高温微热计用长波红外照明下VO2(B)/V2O5纳米复合材料的异质界面光电子效应

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100428

Jeongeun Mo , Haeri Park , Seungwan Woo , Donghee Park , Jeong Min Baik , Won Jun Choi

This study introduces a VO₂(B)/V₂O₅ nanocomposite thin film, fabricated via low-temperature sputtering (< 300 °C), as a high-performance thermistor material at high temperatures up to 125 °C for long-wave infrared (LWIR) microbolometers. By incorporating V₂O₅ into the VO₂(B) matrix and optimizing the heterointerface, the composite achieves a high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 2.19 (−/K) at room temperature and 1.19 (−%/K) at 125 °C. The synergistic properties of conductive VO₂(B) and insulating V₂O₅ enhance interfacial charge transfer, electron density, and thermal stability. Structural and compositional analyses confirm that oxygen vacancies and optimized band alignment play key roles in improving conductivity and photo-response. The microbolometers exhibit exceptional responsivity (2.3 kV/W) and fast response times (∼0.72 ms) at elevated temperature of 125 °C, highlighting the VO₂(B)/V₂O₅ nanocomposite as a robust and reliable material for LWIR detection in outdoor applications.

本研究介绍了一种通过低温溅射（< 300°C）制备的VO2(B)/V2O5纳米复合薄膜，作为长波红外（LWIR）微辐射热计在高达125°C高温下的高性能热敏电阻材料。通过将V2O5加入到VO2(B)基体中并优化异质界面，复合材料的高温电阻系数（TCR）在室温下为2.19(−%/K)，在125℃时为1.19（−%/K）。导电VO2(B)和绝缘V2O5的协同特性增强了界面电荷转移、电子密度和热稳定性。结构和成分分析证实，氧空位和优化的能带排列在提高电导率和光响应方面发挥了关键作用。微辐射热计在125°C的高温下表现出优异的响应性（2.3 kV/W）和快速响应时间（~ 0.72 ms），突出了VO2(B)/V2O5纳米复合材料作为户外应用中LWIR检测的坚固可靠的材料。

{"title":"Heterointerface photo-electron effect in VO2(B)/V2O5 nanocomposite under long-wave infrared illumination for high-temperature microbolometers","authors":"Jeongeun Mo , Haeri Park , Seungwan Woo , Donghee Park , Jeong Min Baik , Won Jun Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a VO<sub>2</sub>(B)/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> nanocomposite thin film, fabricated via low-temperature sputtering (< 300 °C), as a high-performance thermistor material at high temperatures up to 125 °C for long-wave infrared (LWIR) microbolometers. By incorporating V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> into the VO<sub>2</sub>(B) matrix and optimizing the heterointerface, the composite achieves a high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 2.19 (−/K) at room temperature and 1.19 (−%/K) at 125 °C. The synergistic properties of conductive VO<sub>2</sub>(B) and insulating V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> enhance interfacial charge transfer, electron density, and thermal stability. Structural and compositional analyses confirm that oxygen vacancies and optimized band alignment play key roles in improving conductivity and photo-response. The microbolometers exhibit exceptional responsivity (2.3 kV/W) and fast response times (∼0.72 ms) at elevated temperature of 125 °C, highlighting the VO<sub>2</sub>(B)/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> nanocomposite as a robust and reliable material for LWIR detection in outdoor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":36.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Catalyst and gas diffusion electrode design toward C–N coupling for urea electrosynthesis 尿素电合成C-N偶联催化剂及气体扩散电极设计

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100425

Jiping Sun , Bichao Wu , Guangchao Li , Zhixing Wang , Xinhai Li , Huajun Guo , Guochun Yan , Hui Duan , Wenchao Zhang , Min Liu , Jiexi Wang

The electrocatalytic C–N coupling reaction involving carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogenous small molecules has recently emerged as a subject of considerable interest within the field of urea synthesis. This approach has the potential to facilitate the clean, sustainable production of urea, thereby contributing to the attainment of carbon neutrality and the advancement of artificial nitrogen cycling. Nevertheless, electrocatalytic urea synthesis still faces significant challenges due to the difficulty of balancing the co-activation of carbon and nitrogen sources and the subsequent catalytic C–N coupling of in situ-generated species, as well as competing reactions. To overcome these challenges, there is a growing emphasis on the research of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) and the design of electrode materials. This article provides a comprehensive review of the C–N coupling mechanisms, the classification of catalysts, the electrocatalyst design and optimization strategies, and the fundamental functions and importance of GDEs in electrocatalytic C–N coupling reactions. It also provides insights and perspectives on the major challenges and future research directions for GDEs and electrocatalysts in electrocatalytic urea synthesis.

二氧化碳（CO2）与含氮小分子的电催化C-N偶联反应近年来成为尿素合成领域的一个重要研究课题。这种方法有可能促进清洁、可持续的尿素生产，从而有助于实现碳中和和推进人工氮循环。然而，由于难以平衡碳源和氮源的共活化以及随后催化生成的物种的C-N偶联以及竞争反应，电催化尿素合成仍然面临着重大挑战。为了克服这些挑战，人们越来越重视气体扩散电极（GDEs）的研究和电极材料的设计。本文综述了C-N偶联机理、催化剂分类、电催化剂设计与优化策略以及gde在电催化C-N偶联反应中的基本功能和重要性。并对gde和电催化剂在电催化尿素合成中的主要挑战和未来研究方向提出了见解和展望。

{"title":"Catalyst and gas diffusion electrode design toward C–N coupling for urea electrosynthesis","authors":"Jiping Sun , Bichao Wu , Guangchao Li , Zhixing Wang , Xinhai Li , Huajun Guo , Guochun Yan , Hui Duan , Wenchao Zhang , Min Liu , Jiexi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrocatalytic C–N coupling reaction involving carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogenous small molecules has recently emerged as a subject of considerable interest within the field of urea synthesis. This approach has the potential to facilitate the clean, sustainable production of urea, thereby contributing to the attainment of carbon neutrality and the advancement of artificial nitrogen cycling. Nevertheless, electrocatalytic urea synthesis still faces significant challenges due to the difficulty of balancing the co-activation of carbon and nitrogen sources and the subsequent catalytic C–N coupling of <em>in situ</em>-generated species, as well as competing reactions. To overcome these challenges, there is a growing emphasis on the research of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) and the design of electrode materials. This article provides a comprehensive review of the C–N coupling mechanisms, the classification of catalysts, the electrocatalyst design and optimization strategies, and the fundamental functions and importance of GDEs in electrocatalytic C–N coupling reactions. It also provides insights and perspectives on the major challenges and future research directions for GDEs and electrocatalysts in electrocatalytic urea synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":36.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanically and chemically robust ultrahigh-Ni cathodes enabled by localized cation disorder design 局域阳离子无序设计使机械和化学坚固的超高镍阴极成为可能

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100435

Yijun Song , Bo Wang , Yongpeng Cui , Pengyun Liu , Xiuli Gao , Xuejin Li , Lei Zhu , Qingzhong Xue , Yongfu Tang , Wei Xing

Layered oxide cathodes play a crucial role in developing high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, limited by weak interlayer support and poor oxygen stability, the ordered structure is easily transformed into a dense disordered structure, thus limiting their cycle life. Here we show that constructing a localized cation disorder (LCD) structure by chemically inducing treatment can radically address the mechanical-chemical coupling-induced structural degradation in ultrahigh-Ni cathodes. The LCD structure is proved to function as a steady-state supporting nanodomain, not only effectively enhancing the collective mechanical stability, especially avoiding the collapse of the Li-ion diffusion channel, but also enhancing the lattice oxygen framework stability by reducing charge compensation and improving electronic conductivity. As a result, the ultrahigh-Ni cathode with an LCD structure demonstrates remarkable capacity retention and excellent rate performance. This work highlights the effectiveness of localized structural design in addressing the mechanical and chemical instabilities for advanced oxide cathodes.

层状氧化物阴极在高能量密度锂离子电池的发展中起着至关重要的作用。然而，由于层间支撑弱，氧稳定性差，有序结构容易转变为致密的无序结构，从而限制了它们的循环寿命。本研究表明，通过化学诱导处理构建局部阳离子无序（LCD）结构可以从根本上解决机械-化学耦合引起的超高镍阴极结构退化问题。液晶显示结构被证明是一个稳定的支持纳米畴，不仅有效地提高了集体机械稳定性，特别是避免了锂离子扩散通道的崩溃，而且通过减少电荷补偿和提高电子导电性来提高晶格氧框架的稳定性。结果表明，具有LCD结构的超高镍阴极具有显著的容量保持和优异的倍率性能。这项工作强调了局部结构设计在解决高级氧化物阴极的机械和化学不稳定性方面的有效性。

{"title":"Mechanically and chemically robust ultrahigh-Ni cathodes enabled by localized cation disorder design","authors":"Yijun Song , Bo Wang , Yongpeng Cui , Pengyun Liu , Xiuli Gao , Xuejin Li , Lei Zhu , Qingzhong Xue , Yongfu Tang , Wei Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered oxide cathodes play a crucial role in developing high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, limited by weak interlayer support and poor oxygen stability, the ordered structure is easily transformed into a dense disordered structure, thus limiting their cycle life. Here we show that constructing a localized cation disorder (LCD) structure by chemically inducing treatment can radically address the mechanical-chemical coupling-induced structural degradation in ultrahigh-Ni cathodes. The LCD structure is proved to function as a steady-state supporting nanodomain, not only effectively enhancing the collective mechanical stability, especially avoiding the collapse of the Li-ion diffusion channel, but also enhancing the lattice oxygen framework stability by reducing charge compensation and improving electronic conductivity. As a result, the ultrahigh-Ni cathode with an LCD structure demonstrates remarkable capacity retention and excellent rate performance. This work highlights the effectiveness of localized structural design in addressing the mechanical and chemical instabilities for advanced oxide cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":36.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical inhibition of light-induced decomposition by hindered amine for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells 高效稳定钙钛矿太阳能电池中受阻胺对光诱导分解的化学抑制

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100451

Yuqing Su , Jike Ding , Zuolin Zhang , Mengjia Li , Jiangzhao Chen , Jian-Xin Tang , Thierry Pauporté , Cong Chen

Despite significant advancements in improving the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of exceeding 27% in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the insufficient operational stability of PSCs under illumination remains a critical challenge, posing a major obstacle to their commercial viability. This paper proposes a feasible hindered amine stabilization strategy (HASS) by using a hindered amine light stabilizer for grain and surface modulation of perovskite, thereby blocking the internal and external degradation pathways of perovskite. Its piperidine ring is easily oxidized to form Nitrogen monoxide (N–O•) radicals after absorbing light energy in an aerobic environment. The free superoxide radical (

O_{2}^{\cdot -}

) radicals react with perovskite and H⁺ in the decomposition products of perovskite, thereby improving the light stability of the device. In addition, the contained triazine and morpholine functional groups can coordinate with Pb²⁺, thereby reducing the interface defects and inhibiting the non-radiative recombination. The HASS-modulated PSC could reach the champion PCE of 26.74% (certified 26.56%), which is remarkable for inverted PSCs prepared under ambient conditions. Further, the unencapsulated device could maintain 95.4% of its initial PCE after more than 1000 h of aging at maximum power point tracking.

尽管钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）在提高功率转换效率（PCE）超过27%方面取得了重大进展，但PSCs在照明下的工作稳定性不足仍然是一个关键挑战，对其商业可行性构成了主要障碍。本文提出了一种可行的受阻胺稳定策略（HASS），利用受阻胺光稳定剂对钙钛矿的晶粒和表面进行调制，从而阻断钙钛矿的内部和外部降解途径。其哌啶环在有氧环境中吸收光能后容易氧化形成一氧化氮（N-O•）自由基。在钙钛矿的分解产物中，游离超氧自由基（O2·−）与钙钛矿和H+发生反应，从而提高了器件的光稳定性。此外，所含的三嗪和啉官能团可以与Pb2+配位，从而减少了界面缺陷，抑制了非辐射复合。hass调制的PSC的PCE最高可达26.74%（经认证为26.56%），这对于在环境条件下制备的倒装PSC来说是非常显著的。此外，在最大功率点跟踪超过1000小时的老化后，未封装的器件可以保持其初始PCE的95.4%。

{"title":"Chemical inhibition of light-induced decomposition by hindered amine for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells","authors":"Yuqing Su , Jike Ding , Zuolin Zhang , Mengjia Li , Jiangzhao Chen , Jian-Xin Tang , Thierry Pauporté , Cong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant advancements in improving the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of exceeding 27% in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the insufficient operational stability of PSCs under illumination remains a critical challenge, posing a major obstacle to their commercial viability. This paper proposes a feasible hindered amine stabilization strategy (HASS) by using a hindered amine light stabilizer for grain and surface modulation of perovskite, thereby blocking the internal and external degradation pathways of perovskite. Its piperidine ring is easily oxidized to form Nitrogen monoxide (N–O•) radicals after absorbing light energy in an aerobic environment. The free superoxide radical (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>·</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) radicals react with perovskite and H<sup>+</sup> in the decomposition products of perovskite, thereby improving the light stability of the device. In addition, the contained triazine and morpholine functional groups can coordinate with Pb<sup>2+</sup>, thereby reducing the interface defects and inhibiting the non-radiative recombination. The HASS-modulated PSC could reach the champion PCE of 26.74% (certified 26.56%), which is remarkable for inverted PSCs prepared under ambient conditions. Further, the unencapsulated device could maintain 95.4% of its initial PCE after more than 1000 h of aging at maximum power point tracking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":36.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interface-engineered metalized plastic current collectors for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries with high safety and stability 界面工程金属化塑料集流器，用于快速充电锂离子电池，具有高安全性和稳定性

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100432

Chaofan Liang , Jie Ji , Yaqi Liao , Tianyi Hou , Zhikang Liu , Hongbin Xie , Kui Li , Xinpeng Pi , Donghai Wang , Xiaoyu Jin , Weichen Du , Long Qie

Adopting the metalized plastic current collector (MPCC) enhances the safety and specific energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) but sacrifices the rate capability. The reduced rate capability is customarily ascribed to the lower electronic conductivity of MPCC as compared with the metal ones (e.g., Al and Cu) due to the less metal usage. Here, we demonstrate that the interfacial contact between the current collector (CC) and the active-material layer, rather than the electronic conductivity of CC, accounts for the rate performance of the cells. By introducing a thin carbon coating (∼300 nm) onto the surface of MPCC (e.g., 1 μm thick aluminum deposited on both sides of 10 μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, Al-PET), we reduced the contact resistance between MPCC and cathode materials. Using the carbon-coated Al-PET (C@Al-PET) as CC, the 6.0-Ah graphite/LiCoO₂ pouch cell delivers significantly improved fast-charge capability and cycling stability, which are identified as the homogenized potential distribution and electrode utilization with multiphysical field simulations. Most importantly, the cell with C@Al-PET CC could still pass the harsh impact test, promising its applications in high-rate LIBs with superior safety.

采用金属化塑料集流器（MPCC）可以提高锂离子电池的安全性和比能量密度，但牺牲了倍率能力。速率能力的降低通常归因于MPCC的电子导电性低于金属材料（例如Al和Cu），因为金属用量较少。在这里，我们证明了电流集电极（CC）和活性材料层之间的界面接触，而不是CC的电子导电性，决定了电池的速率性能。通过在MPCC表面引入薄碳涂层（~ 300 nm）（例如，在10 μm聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）薄膜Al-PET的两侧沉积1 μm厚的铝），我们降低了MPCC与正极材料之间的接触电阻。使用碳包覆Al-PET （C@Al-PET）作为CC， 6.0 ah石墨/LiCoO2袋状电池具有显著提高的快速充电能力和循环稳定性，通过多物理场模拟确定了其均匀化的电位分布和电极利用率。最重要的是，含有C@Al-PET CC的电池仍然可以通过严酷的冲击测试，有望在具有优越安全性的高速率lib中应用。

{"title":"Interface-engineered metalized plastic current collectors for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries with high safety and stability","authors":"Chaofan Liang , Jie Ji , Yaqi Liao , Tianyi Hou , Zhikang Liu , Hongbin Xie , Kui Li , Xinpeng Pi , Donghai Wang , Xiaoyu Jin , Weichen Du , Long Qie","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adopting the metalized plastic current collector (MPCC) enhances the safety and specific energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) but sacrifices the rate capability. The reduced rate capability is customarily ascribed to the lower electronic conductivity of MPCC as compared with the metal ones (e.g., Al and Cu) due to the less metal usage. Here, we demonstrate that the interfacial contact between the current collector (CC) and the active-material layer, rather than the electronic conductivity of CC, accounts for the rate performance of the cells. By introducing a thin carbon coating (∼300 nm) onto the surface of MPCC (e.g., 1 μm thick aluminum deposited on both sides of 10 μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, Al-PET), we reduced the contact resistance between MPCC and cathode materials. Using the carbon-coated Al-PET (C@Al-PET) as CC, the 6.0-Ah graphite/LiCoO<sub>2</sub> pouch cell delivers significantly improved fast-charge capability and cycling stability, which are identified as the homogenized potential distribution and electrode utilization with multiphysical field simulations. Most importantly, the cell with C@Al-PET CC could still pass the harsh impact test, promising its applications in high-rate LIBs with superior safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":36.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electron-funnel mediated anion confinement enables ultra-reversible interphases in solid-state batteries 电子漏斗介导的阴离子约束使固态电池中的超可逆界面成为可能

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100452

Yi Chen , Ji Qian , Ke Wang , Tianyang Xue , Zhengqiang Hu , Fengling Zhang , Tong Lian , Xinhui Pan , Teng Zhao , Li Li , Feng Wu , Renjie Chen

Solid-state lithium metal batteries face challenges from irreversible interfacial degradation and sluggish ion transport. We propose an electron-funnel-mediated anion confinement strategy via atomic-level electronic field engineering. Incorporating electron-withdrawing –NO₂ groups into Zr-based frameworks induces a 0.38 eV upward d-band center shift, generating a quantum-confined electrostatic gradient that polarizes TFSI⁻ anions. This reduces TFSI⁻ decomposition energy barrier (ΔG: −0.35 → −1.22 eV), selectively promoting LiF nucleation while suppressing side reactions. Concurrently, Zr⁴⁺-PEO Lewis interactions disrupt polymer crystallinity, enhancing ionic conductivity and Li⁺ transference number. Cryo-TEM tomography and TOF-SIMS mapping reveal a fractal LiF-rich interphase enabling dendrite-free lithium plating for > 11,000 h with polarization < 40 mV. LiFePO₄ full cells achieve 86.3% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 1C (1.3 mAh cm⁻²). This work establishes anion confinement as a universal framework synchronizing ion transport and interfacial durability, advancing practical solid-state batteries with exceptional longevity.

固态锂金属电池面临着界面不可逆降解和离子传输缓慢等挑战。我们提出了一种电子通道介导的阴离子约束策略。将吸电子的-NO2基团加入到zr基框架中，诱导了0.38 eV向上的d波段中心位移，产生了量子限制的静电梯度，使TFSI -阴离子极化。这降低了TFSI -分解能垒（ΔG:−0.35→−1.22 eV），选择性地促进了LiF成核，同时抑制了副反应。同时，Zr4+-PEO路易斯相互作用破坏了聚合物的结晶度，提高了离子电导率和Li+转移数。低温tem断层扫描和TOF-SIMS图谱显示了一个分形的富liff界面，可以在极化40 mV下电镀11000 h的无枝晶锂。在1C （1.3 mAh cm−2）下循环400次后，LiFePO4全电池的容量保持率达到86.3%。这项工作建立了阴离子约束作为同步离子传输和界面耐久性的通用框架，推进了具有特殊寿命的实用固态电池。

{"title":"Electron-funnel mediated anion confinement enables ultra-reversible interphases in solid-state batteries","authors":"Yi Chen , Ji Qian , Ke Wang , Tianyang Xue , Zhengqiang Hu , Fengling Zhang , Tong Lian , Xinhui Pan , Teng Zhao , Li Li , Feng Wu , Renjie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state lithium metal batteries face challenges from irreversible interfacial degradation and sluggish ion transport. We propose an electron-funnel-mediated anion confinement strategy via atomic-level electronic field engineering. Incorporating electron-withdrawing –NO<sub>2</sub> groups into Zr-based frameworks induces a 0.38 eV upward d-band center shift, generating a quantum-confined electrostatic gradient that polarizes TFSI<sup>−</sup> anions. This reduces TFSI<sup>−</sup> decomposition energy barrier (ΔG: −0.35 → −1.22 eV), selectively promoting LiF nucleation while suppressing side reactions. Concurrently, Zr<sup>4+</sup>-PEO Lewis interactions disrupt polymer crystallinity, enhancing ionic conductivity and Li<sup>+</sup> transference number. Cryo-TEM tomography and TOF-SIMS mapping reveal a fractal LiF-rich interphase enabling dendrite-free lithium plating for > 11,000 h with polarization < 40 mV. LiFePO<sub>4</sub> full cells achieve 86.3% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 1C (1.3 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>). This work establishes anion confinement as a universal framework synchronizing ion transport and interfacial durability, advancing practical solid-state batteries with exceptional longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":36.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0