FlexMat最新文献

The construction of multi-decay pathways of smart organic light-emitting materials has drawn intensive research enthusiasm owing to their substantial promise in diverse optoelectronic applications. Nowadays, numerous chemical substances have been refined to extend and enhance their intriguing luminescent properties. Nowadays, plenty of chemicals have been adapted to amplify more interesting luminescent properties. How to utilize an easy way to tune multi-decay pathways resulting in various emissions is still challenging. Here, we present a triphenylamine derivative, TPA3BP, which exhibits a variety of multi-decay pathways in different states and can exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence in both the polydimethylsiloxane and crystalline state, but also achieve room temperature phosphorescence by embedding it into the poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone matrix. The multi-decay luminescence can be attributed to the dual effect arising from the n-π* transition of TPA3BP and the regulation of molecular transition pathways within the matrix environment. This intriguing phenomenon highlights the combined influence of TPA3BP's electronic transitions and the influence of the polarity and rigidity of the surrounding matrix on the observed characteristics. This advancement has widened the structural possibilities for multi-decay luminescent materials, enabling their targeted synthesis for future applications, such as information encryption and smart anti-counterfeiting.

Given the widespread presence of intricate surfaces, the development of electronics has generated a significant demand for surface patterning techniques capable of creating refined or novel patterns. Nevertheless, present surface patterning techniques suffer from complex processes, limited resolution, stringent conditions, and high manufacturing costs. Herein, we present a novel approach for arbitrary surface micropatterning using photosensitive polyimide (PSPI), enabling the in situ fabrication of electrodes without the need for a pattern-transferring process. On this basis, we have implemented a high-performance, freestanding flexible thin-film mask with high optical transparency that facilitates precise alignment of microelectrode patterns with the target material. It also exhibits exceptional mechanical properties suitable for long-term use and high-temperature applications, with a notable glass transition temperature of up to 300°C. The fabricated masks with thicknesses of 5–20 μm are well-suited for high-resolution applications, including those requiring sub-5 μm resolution. Furthermore, the creation of microelectrodes on a variety of surfaces utilizing the fabricated PSPI masks was successfully demonstrated. Our facile method provides a solid foundation for achieving efficient micropatterning for the fabrication of high-performance flexible electronics on complex surfaces.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant attention as a burgeoning flexible technology, owing to their advanced power conversion efficiencies. Moreover, interface materials play a crucial role in optimizing energy level alignment between the active layer and electrodes, thereby enhancing carrier extraction within the device and improving efficiency. However, current methodologies for fabricating electron-transport materials with superior mobility are still limited compared with those for hole-transport materials. In this study, a benzodifurandione (BFDO)-derived building block with quinone resonance property and strong electron-withdrawing capability was synthesized. Two conjugated polymers, namely PBFDO-F6N and PBFDO-F6N-Br, were prepared, both of which exhibited good electron mobility and exceptional interface modification capabilities. A comprehensive investigation of the interaction between the interface layer and the active layer revealed that PBFDO-F6N induced doping at the acceptor interface. Additionally, the high mobility of PBFDO-F6N facilitated efficient carrier extraction at the interface. Consequently, the application of PBFDO-F6N as the cathode interface layer for PM6:BTP-eC9-based OSC devices resulted in a remarkable efficiency of 18.11%. Moreover, the device efficiency remained at ∼96% even at a PBFDO-F6N interface thickness of 50 nm, demonstrating the great potential of this material for large-scale device preparation.

Counterfeiting remains a significant threat, causing economic and safety concerns. Addressing this, authentication technologies have gained traction. With the rise of the Internet of Things, authentication is crucial. Photonic Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) offer unique identifiers. We present low-cost and sustainable e-tags that may be printed virtually on any surface for authentication due to the bespoke texturization of sustainable inks of surface-modified carbon dots. A single e-tag provides randomized phosphorescence (or afterglow) patterns, which provide multiple layers of safety by exploiting different patterning, excitation energies, and temporal characteristics. A comprehensive case study employing photonic challenge-response pairs, involving a sample size of up to 2⁹ emission spectra in combination with 10² photographs taken with a smartphone, displays a low authentication probability of error (<10⁻¹¹), which supports the potential of our combined approach toward the development of more robust photonic PUF systems.

Biomarker identification is a tried-and-true method that can provide precise biological information for disease diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, therapy efficacy evaluation, and prognosis assessment of cancers all benefit from sensitive, rapid, and precise measurement of significant biomarkers employing chemical and immunological approaches. The study of biomolecules and immunoassay evaluations can profit greatly from recent advancements in flexible electronic materials and technologies, which provide amazing flexibility, affordability, mobility, and integration. However, an overview of the implementation of portable immunoassays in conjunction with flexible electronic devices is rare to come by. This review focuses on recent breakthroughs in flexible electronic materials and devices for portable biomarker testing, which provides an extensive summary of flexible electrical components and sensing-capable devices, emphasizing their adaptability in the construction of biosensing platforms. These platforms employ various signal transduction systems to record biological affinity recognition events, including pressure, temperature, electrical parameters, colorimetric signals, and other physical features. The challenges for portable, integrated, intelligent, and multifunctional immunoassays based on flexible sensing devices are also discussed. The portable immunoassays with flexible electronics would unlock the potential to transform clinical diagnostics into non-clinical personalized treatments and achieve home-based point-of-care testing for daily monitoring.

Advances in hydrogel technology have paved the way for novel and valuable capabilities that are being applied to a diverse spectrum of energy storage applications. Hydrogels, originally renowned for their biomedical applications, are now finding translation into the energy storage domain. These versatile materials exhibit promising potential for various energy-related applications, including but not limited to acting as highly flexible electrolytes, facilitating the development of flexible supercapacitors, and contributing to advancements in energy conversion devices. The tunable properties of hydrogels, their high ion accessibility, and desirable mechanical characteristics position them as promising candidates for enhancing the performance and efficiency of energy storage systems. In this review, we emphasize the integration of hydrogels into flexible micro-supercapacitors through 3D printing technology, unraveling the charge transport mechanisms inherent in hydrogels. We discuss methods for developing hydrogels with enhanced physicochemical properties, such as improved mechanical strength, flexibility, and charge transport, offering new prospects for next-generation energy storage devices. With a deeper understanding of gelation chemistry, we showcase significant progress in fabricating stimuli-responsive, self-healing, and highly stretchable hydrogels. Furthermore, we present compelling examples highlighting the versatility of hydrogels, including tailorable architectures, conductive nanostructures, 3D frameworks, and multifunctionalities. The application of innovative 3D printing techniques in hydrogel design is poised to yield materials with immense potential in the realm of energy storage.

The Cu-based halide semiconductor CuGaI₄ was prepared by a high-temperature melting method. Optoelectronic characterization and density functional theory calculations of CuGaI₄ reveal a direct bandgap of 2.9 eV. The corresponding UV photodetector (PD) based on CuGaI₄ demonstrates excellent UV response and rapid response time. In addition, a flexible PD based on CuGaI₄ is prepared, which also displays excellent photoresponse characteristics and mechanical stability. This work provides a systematic study of this novel Cu-based halide semiconductor and demonstrates the great potential of CuGaI₄ for future UV optoelectronic devices.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have recently gained attention as a compelling platform technology for building wearable bioelectronics. Aside from being self-powered, TENGs are lightweight, low in cost, rich in material choice, comfortable to wear, and increasingly versatile with advances in sensitivity and efficiency. Due to these features, TENGs have become appealing in biomedical sensing applications, especially for human respiration monitoring. A wealth of information can be collected by breath-induced electrical signals, which are crucial in the analysis of a patient's respiratory condition and the early detection of harmful respiratory-linked diseases. TENGs have thus been used to continuously collect important respiratory data, from the breathing patterns, flow rate, and intensity of an individual's respiratory cycle to the chemicals that may be present in their breath. This review paper provides an overview of recent developments in TENG-based wearable respiratory monitoring as well as future opportunities and challenges for respiratory healthcare.

Electrochromic technology has recently made many achievements in research and commercialization. Electrochromic devices are being developed based on various coating and printing methods for multipronged applications, and have great potential for next-generation flexible electronics. Compared to other coating and printing techniques, inkjet printing (IJP) enables non-contact patterning on a variety of substrates by programming the movement of the printing nozzle. IJP has great advantages in printing smart electrochromic devices because of its low cost, high resolution, high material utilization rate, and applicability to various large-size substrates. In this review, the principles and process of IJP and the latest progress of IJP in electrochromic devices are summarized in detail. IJP of electrochromic materials, conductive contacts, and blocking layers are discussed. IJP assisted fabrication of smart electrochromic displays, flexible and stretchable electrochromic devices, electrochromic-energy storage, smart windows, and others are also demonstrated. The problems and challenges faced by IJP electrochromic devices are emphasized, and the future development trends are prospected. This review aims at further promoting the development of IJP for smart electrochromic devices and encouraging future applications of IJP and electrochromic devices in the era of Internet of Things.

Recently, a novel paradigm of boron- and nitrogen-embedded polycyclic nanographites featuring multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) has garnered substantial interest due to their extraordinary attributes of efficient narrowband emissions with small full width at half maxima (FWHMs). Despite an array of diverse color tuning strategies, it remains elusive how to effectively manipulate device efficiencies without altering the materials' intrinsic MR-TADF characteristics. Here, an advanced ‘non-conjugate fusion’ design methodology was proposed, aimed at dramatically amplifying the horizontal orientations of MR-TADF emitters while preserving the short-range charge-transfer properties. As envisioned, when compared to the classical BCz-BN mother core, the proof-of-concept emitter mICz-BN achieved an impressively enhanced horizontal dipole ratio (83% vs. 75%) at analogous emission wavelengths (∼486 nm), FWHMs (∼26 nm) and photoluminescence quantum yields (∼93%). Consequently, the external quantum efficiency of the optimized device yielded a performance enhancement of 1.2-fold (30.5% vs. 25.3%) whilst keeping the spectrum almost unchanged.