Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589109
Mingqiu Du;Zhe Xu
This study introduces an innovative, terrain-aware optimization framework for wireless communication networks with three key advances. Departing from prior 2-D map-based approaches, our method explicitly evaluates 3-D terrain effects by incorporating high-resolution elevation data into Fresnel zone clearance calculations for both 900-MHz and 2.4-GHz transmissions, enabling precise link feasibility assessment. The process begins with terrain-constrained link evaluations to generate a visibility matrix, followed by integrating link constraints and bandwidth requirements into an enhanced density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm. In contrast to heuristic clustering techniques that empirically adjust hyperparameters, we derive the critical cutoff distance through rigorous analysis of free-space path loss and link budget constraints (accounting for transmit power, antenna gains, and receiver sensitivity), ensuring physically interpretable cluster formation. This optimized DPC approach identifies communication center locations tailored to 3-D terrain complexities and demand conditions. Next, the proposed optimization framework jointly considers terrain-aware connectivity validation, distance minimization for cluster-member associations, and load-balancing constraints on central points—all governed by verified physical propagation models. After determining center placements, a redundancy-aware optimization assigns noncenter points to minimize transmission delays while distributing traffic efficiently. Experimental results on real-world terrains demonstrate significant network reliability and efficiency improvements, particularly for emergency management and advanced communication deployments.
{"title":"3-D Terrain Clustering for Line-of-Sight Network Configuration in Emergency Communication","authors":"Mingqiu Du;Zhe Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589109","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces an innovative, terrain-aware optimization framework for wireless communication networks with three key advances. Departing from prior 2-D map-based approaches, our method explicitly evaluates 3-D terrain effects by incorporating high-resolution elevation data into Fresnel zone clearance calculations for both 900-MHz and 2.4-GHz transmissions, enabling precise link feasibility assessment. The process begins with terrain-constrained link evaluations to generate a visibility matrix, followed by integrating link constraints and bandwidth requirements into an enhanced density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm. In contrast to heuristic clustering techniques that empirically adjust hyperparameters, we derive the critical cutoff distance through rigorous analysis of free-space path loss and link budget constraints (accounting for transmit power, antenna gains, and receiver sensitivity), ensuring physically interpretable cluster formation. This optimized DPC approach identifies communication center locations tailored to 3-D terrain complexities and demand conditions. Next, the proposed optimization framework jointly considers terrain-aware connectivity validation, distance minimization for cluster-member associations, and load-balancing constraints on central points—all governed by verified physical propagation models. After determining center placements, a redundancy-aware optimization assigns noncenter points to minimize transmission delays while distributing traffic efficiently. Experimental results on real-world terrains demonstrate significant network reliability and efficiency improvements, particularly for emergency management and advanced communication deployments.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 4","pages":"305-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3592219
A. Arunraja;K. Suresh;E. Parimalasundar;B. Perumal
The rapid response capabilities of high-conducting electromagnetic energy storage (HEES) devices are advantageous for mitigating sudden fluctuations in voltage and power. However, the cost of HEES coils significantly exceeds that of traditional battery energy storage solutions. To enhance the efficiency of energy use and diminish the costs associated with energy storage across multiline power distribution systems, this study presents an innovative approach involving an interline dc flexible voltage restorer (IFVR) configuration. This approach utilizes a single HEES coil connected to several compensating circuits. The innovation introduces a current–voltage (V–I) chopper assembly with multiple input/output power connections, enabling the connection of one HEES coil to various power lines. This setup ensures the independent management of energy exchanges for any compensated line. Importantly, when multiple power lines require compensation simultaneously, the HEES coil can be selectively activated to prioritize compensation based on the designated order of importance of the lines. The practicality of this method is confirmed through technical verification, demonstrating its ability to sustain transient voltage stability during voltage increases and decreases on multiple lines. These scenarios may arise from fluctuations in output voltage from power external supplies or variations in load demand from locally connected loads.
{"title":"HEES-Based IFVR for Energy-Saving Application Using DC–DC Converter","authors":"A. Arunraja;K. Suresh;E. Parimalasundar;B. Perumal","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3592219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3592219","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid response capabilities of high-conducting electromagnetic energy storage (HEES) devices are advantageous for mitigating sudden fluctuations in voltage and power. However, the cost of HEES coils significantly exceeds that of traditional battery energy storage solutions. To enhance the efficiency of energy use and diminish the costs associated with energy storage across multiline power distribution systems, this study presents an innovative approach involving an interline dc flexible voltage restorer (IFVR) configuration. This approach utilizes a single HEES coil connected to several compensating circuits. The innovation introduces a current–voltage (V–I) chopper assembly with multiple input/output power connections, enabling the connection of one HEES coil to various power lines. This setup ensures the independent management of energy exchanges for any compensated line. Importantly, when multiple power lines require compensation simultaneously, the HEES coil can be selectively activated to prioritize compensation based on the designated order of importance of the lines. The practicality of this method is confirmed through technical verification, demonstrating its ability to sustain transient voltage stability during voltage increases and decreases on multiple lines. These scenarios may arise from fluctuations in output voltage from power external supplies or variations in load demand from locally connected loads.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 4","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid generation and utilization of text data, driven by the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and large language models, has intensified the need for efficient lossless text compression. To address this, we introduce HEES23, a novel lossless compression algorithm specifically designed for English text. HEES23 employs a unique suffix coding scheme incorporating new symbol representations and a fixed, language-optimized table to maximize compression efficiency. Additionally, the adaptive entropy reduction techniques combined with block sorting expose significant empirical entropy and redundancy in raw textual data. A key feature of HEES23 is its recursive mapping mechanism for index encoding and symbol extraction, which iteratively reduces redundancy while preserving data integrity. The algorithm has been experimentally applied to diverse human-generated text datasets and benchmarked against established standards. Results show that HEES23 achieves an average compression ratio exceeding 30% for data sizes as small as 0.1 kB, outperforming methods, such as Deflate, Brotli, LZ77, and bZIP2, which either result in negative compression or offer limited efficiency of around 10%. Furthermore, HEES23 maintains strong performance, achieving compression rates between 53% and 64% on larger and more complex datasets, underscoring its effectiveness for IoT applications requiring long-range, low-bandwidth communication.
{"title":"A New Text Compression Algorithm Based on Index Permutation and Suffix Coding","authors":"Emre Erkan;Erdoğan Aldemir;Şehmus Fidan;Hidayet Oğraş","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3587644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3587644","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid generation and utilization of text data, driven by the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and large language models, has intensified the need for efficient lossless text compression. To address this, we introduce HEES23, a novel lossless compression algorithm specifically designed for English text. HEES23 employs a unique suffix coding scheme incorporating new symbol representations and a fixed, language-optimized table to maximize compression efficiency. Additionally, the adaptive entropy reduction techniques combined with block sorting expose significant empirical entropy and redundancy in raw textual data. A key feature of HEES23 is its recursive mapping mechanism for index encoding and symbol extraction, which iteratively reduces redundancy while preserving data integrity. The algorithm has been experimentally applied to diverse human-generated text datasets and benchmarked against established standards. Results show that HEES23 achieves an average compression ratio exceeding 30% for data sizes as small as 0.1 kB, outperforming methods, such as Deflate, Brotli, LZ77, and bZIP2, which either result in negative compression or offer limited efficiency of around 10%. Furthermore, HEES23 maintains strong performance, achieving compression rates between 53% and 64% on larger and more complex datasets, underscoring its effectiveness for IoT applications requiring long-range, low-bandwidth communication.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"268-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589317
Majid Ahmadi;Jayanthi Raghavan
The primary goal of face super-resolution (FSR) is to improve the accuracy of individual identification by enhancing low-resolution (LR) face images to produce high-resolution (HR) images. However, restoring high-frequency components is challenging due to the inherent loss of detail in LR images. We propose a novel FSR approach that leverages edge and spatial attention mechanisms to address this. Edge attention focuses on preserving and enhancing edges, which are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of facial features. Spatial attention highlights and refines important regions within the image, ensuring accurate reconstruction of facial features and improving overall image quality. Our experiments demonstrate that combining edge and spatial attention mechanisms yields superior performance compared to using either mechanism alone. The histogram of oriented gradients (HOGs) is employed to extract edge information, as it captures both edge orientation and overall structure, thus improving sharpness and detail preservation in upscaled images. We extensively trained our model on the CelebA dataset and tested it on the CMU-Multi PIE dataset. The spatial-edge residual attention model consistently produces competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our approach highlights the effectiveness of integrating edge and spatial attention mechanisms for FSR, paving the way for more accurate and visually appealing FSR techniques. Résumé—L’objectif principal de la super-résolution des visages (FSR) est d’améliorer la précision de l’identification individuelle en améliorant les images de visages à basse résolution (LR) afin de produire des images à haute résolution (HR). Cependant, la restauration des composants à haute fréquence est difficile en raison de la perte inhérente de détails dans les images LR. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche FSR qui exploite les mécanismes d’attention spatiale et sur les contours pour remédier à ce problème. L’attention sur les contours se concentre sur la préservation et l’amélioration des contours, qui sont essentiels pour maintenir l’intégrité structurelle des traits du visage. L’attention spatiale met en évidence et affine les zones importantes de l’image, garantissant une reconstruction précise des traits du visage et améliorant la qualité globale de l’image. Nos expériences démontrent que la combinaison des mécanismes d’attention spatiale et sur les contours offre des performances supérieures à celles obtenues en utilisant l’un ou l’autre de ces mécanismes seul. L’histogramme des gradients orientés (HOG) est utilisé pour extraire les informations sur les contours, car il capture à la fois l’orientation des contours et la structure globale, améliorant ainsi la netteté et la préservation des détails dans les images agrandies. Nous avons largement entraîné notre modèle sur l’ensemble de données CelebA et l’avons testé sur l’ensemble de données CMU-Multi PIE. L
人脸超分辨率（FSR）的主要目标是通过将低分辨率人脸图像增强为高分辨率人脸图像来提高个体识别的准确性。然而，由于LR图像中固有的细节损失，恢复高频成分是具有挑战性的。我们提出了一种新的FSR方法，利用边缘和空间注意机制来解决这个问题。边缘关注的重点是保持和增强边缘，这对于保持面部特征的结构完整性至关重要。空间注意力突出和细化图像内的重要区域，确保面部特征的准确重建，提高整体图像质量。我们的实验表明，与单独使用任何一种机制相比，边缘和空间注意机制的结合产生了更好的性能。利用方向梯度直方图（hog）提取边缘信息，既能捕捉边缘的方向，又能捕捉边缘的整体结构，从而提高了图像的清晰度和细节保留度。我们在CelebA数据集上广泛训练了我们的模型，并在CMU-Multi PIE数据集上对其进行了测试。与最先进的方法相比，空间边缘剩余注意模型在定性和定量上都始终产生有竞争力的表现。我们的方法强调了FSR边缘和空间注意机制整合的有效性，为更准确和更具视觉吸引力的FSR技术铺平了道路。Resume-L目的是主要de la超分辨率des的面孔(FSR) est d改进精度de l 'identification individuelle en改良物莱斯德的面孔图像可以依赖的决议(LR) afin de produire des图像高级决议(人力资源)。因此，餐厅的组成部分无法完成所有的调色任务，因为在调色任务中，调色任务无法完成，调色任务无法完成。Nous提出了一种新的FSR方法，该方法充分利用了不需要注意的空间和轮廓，从而解决了不需要注意的空间和轮廓问题。L 'attention sur les contours se concentre sur la prationation et L ' amsamliation des contours，基本要素为维持L ' imsamrigrit结构特征的面部特征。L 'attention spatiale met en samicence et affine les zones importantes de L 'image, garantisant one reconstruction . samicise des traits du age et samicliant la qualit globale de L 'image。没有任何经验，没有任何经验，没有任何经验，没有任何经验，没有任何经验，没有任何经验，没有任何经验，没有任何经验，没有任何经验，没有任何经验，没有经验，没有任何经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验，没有经验。基于栅格的梯度直方图（HOG）可以捕获基于栅格的梯度直方图，可以捕获基于栅格的梯度直方图，可以捕获基于栅格的栅格直方图，可以捕获基于栅格的栅格直方图，可以捕获基于栅格的栅格直方图，可以捕获基于栅格的栅格直方图。Nous avons large entratra - Nous avons large entratra - mod sur l 'ensemble de donnsames CelebA和l 'avons test sur l 'ensemble de donnsames CMU-Multi PIE。注意：空间-轮廓-产品系统：空间-轮廓-产品系统：空间-轮廓-产品系统：空间-轮廓-产品系统：性能；我们的方法满足了我们的效率，我们的方法满足了我们的目标，我们的方法满足了我们的目标，我们的方法满足了我们的目标，我们的方法满足了我们的目标，我们的方法满足了我们的目标，我们的方法满足了我们的目标，我们的方法满足了我们的目标。
{"title":"Novel Spatial-Edge Residual Attention Model for Face Super-Resolution Enhancement Nouveau modèle d’attention résiduelle spatiale et sur les contours pour l’amélioration de la super-résolution des visages","authors":"Majid Ahmadi;Jayanthi Raghavan","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3589317","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of face super-resolution (FSR) is to improve the accuracy of individual identification by enhancing low-resolution (LR) face images to produce high-resolution (HR) images. However, restoring high-frequency components is challenging due to the inherent loss of detail in LR images. We propose a novel FSR approach that leverages edge and spatial attention mechanisms to address this. Edge attention focuses on preserving and enhancing edges, which are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of facial features. Spatial attention highlights and refines important regions within the image, ensuring accurate reconstruction of facial features and improving overall image quality. Our experiments demonstrate that combining edge and spatial attention mechanisms yields superior performance compared to using either mechanism alone. The histogram of oriented gradients (HOGs) is employed to extract edge information, as it captures both edge orientation and overall structure, thus improving sharpness and detail preservation in upscaled images. We extensively trained our model on the CelebA dataset and tested it on the CMU-Multi PIE dataset. The spatial-edge residual attention model consistently produces competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our approach highlights the effectiveness of integrating edge and spatial attention mechanisms for FSR, paving the way for more accurate and visually appealing FSR techniques. Résumé—L’objectif principal de la super-résolution des visages (FSR) est d’améliorer la précision de l’identification individuelle en améliorant les images de visages à basse résolution (LR) afin de produire des images à haute résolution (HR). Cependant, la restauration des composants à haute fréquence est difficile en raison de la perte inhérente de détails dans les images LR. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche FSR qui exploite les mécanismes d’attention spatiale et sur les contours pour remédier à ce problème. L’attention sur les contours se concentre sur la préservation et l’amélioration des contours, qui sont essentiels pour maintenir l’intégrité structurelle des traits du visage. L’attention spatiale met en évidence et affine les zones importantes de l’image, garantissant une reconstruction précise des traits du visage et améliorant la qualité globale de l’image. Nos expériences démontrent que la combinaison des mécanismes d’attention spatiale et sur les contours offre des performances supérieures à celles obtenues en utilisant l’un ou l’autre de ces mécanismes seul. L’histogramme des gradients orientés (HOG) est utilisé pour extraire les informations sur les contours, car il capture à la fois l’orientation des contours et la structure globale, améliorant ainsi la netteté et la préservation des détails dans les images agrandies. Nous avons largement entraîné notre modèle sur l’ensemble de données CelebA et l’avons testé sur l’ensemble de données CMU-Multi PIE. L","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"294-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To ensure the desired higher voltage conversion ratio (VCR) from fuel cell stacks, nonisolated high-gain dc–dc converters play a crucial role in electric vehicles (EVs). High-gain converters are essential because EVs often require a wide range of higher voltage levels to meet the demand for the dc bus, which drives the traction motor and other modules in a vehicle. To mitigate the use of extreme duty ratios in conventional high-gain converters, a triple-switch, switched-inductor, switched-capacitor (SC) dc–dc converter is proposed. This converter integrates an additional auxiliary switch, a simple resonant cell, and a voltage multiplier cell (VMC). These integrations provide the desired VCR while all switches operate at a nominal duty ratio, ensuring improved efficiency and minimizing switching losses by maintaining soft-switching ability. Furthermore, the proposed converter facilitates zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on operation for all switches through the utilization of an auxiliary inductor, an auxiliary capacitor, and two diodes. The operation of the proposed converter is analyzed in continuous current mode, steady-state gain, and efficiency analysis are discussed in detail. The proposed converter is compared with the existing converters and a 200 W laboratory prototype is developed to validate the theoretical analysis or to prove the effectiveness of the converter.
{"title":"Improved Nonisolated High-Gain Transformerless DC–DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications","authors":"Veera Venkata Subrahmanya Kumar Bhajana;Pravat Biswal;Atif Iqbal;Pavel Drabek","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3582062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3582062","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the desired higher voltage conversion ratio (VCR) from fuel cell stacks, nonisolated high-gain dc–dc converters play a crucial role in electric vehicles (EVs). High-gain converters are essential because EVs often require a wide range of higher voltage levels to meet the demand for the dc bus, which drives the traction motor and other modules in a vehicle. To mitigate the use of extreme duty ratios in conventional high-gain converters, a triple-switch, switched-inductor, switched-capacitor (SC) dc–dc converter is proposed. This converter integrates an additional auxiliary switch, a simple resonant cell, and a voltage multiplier cell (VMC). These integrations provide the desired VCR while all switches operate at a nominal duty ratio, ensuring improved efficiency and minimizing switching losses by maintaining soft-switching ability. Furthermore, the proposed converter facilitates zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on operation for all switches through the utilization of an auxiliary inductor, an auxiliary capacitor, and two diodes. The operation of the proposed converter is analyzed in continuous current mode, steady-state gain, and efficiency analysis are discussed in detail. The proposed converter is compared with the existing converters and a 200 W laboratory prototype is developed to validate the theoretical analysis or to prove the effectiveness of the converter.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"256-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3578984
Luis Cisneros-Villalobos;José Gerardo Vera-Dimas;David Martínez-Martínez;Outmane Oubram;Roy López-Sesenes
This article presents research on the phenomenon of sympathetic inrush current triggered by the energization of a third transformer in parallel with two others already connected, considering the impact of circuit-breaker grading capacitance, which is an emerging in the literature on the subject. The aim is to propose recommendations to mitigate the intensity of this phenomenon to reduce the risk of outages or system failures during transformer energization. The study focuses on a common configuration in the central Mexican electrical grid, which may include power transformers connected in parallel, which can be energized through their 230 or 85 kV windings. The research employs electrical power system modeling using the Alternative Transients Program software to simulate typical scenarios involving substation switch operations during grid activity. It incorporates transformer models with manufacturer-specified saturation characteristics and a certain level of remanent magnetization. With the results obtained, it is inferred that the magnitude, waveform, and duration of the sympathetic inrush currents can cause imbalances and affect the normal operation of the system. Transformer outages can occur due to malfunctioning of its differential and overcurrent relays, as well as power quality problems. Remanent magnetization is not a determining factor for the appearance of the phenomenon. However, the magnitude of the sympathetic inrush current is strongly related to the closing time of the circuit breaker. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a higher capacitance makes the sympathetic inrush current phenomenon more evident.
{"title":"Influence of Grading Capacitance on Sympathetic Inrush Current of Parallel Power Transformers Influence de la capacité de répartition sur le courant d’enclenchement sympathique des transformateurs de puissance en parallèle","authors":"Luis Cisneros-Villalobos;José Gerardo Vera-Dimas;David Martínez-Martínez;Outmane Oubram;Roy López-Sesenes","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3578984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3578984","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents research on the phenomenon of sympathetic inrush current triggered by the energization of a third transformer in parallel with two others already connected, considering the impact of circuit-breaker grading capacitance, which is an emerging in the literature on the subject. The aim is to propose recommendations to mitigate the intensity of this phenomenon to reduce the risk of outages or system failures during transformer energization. The study focuses on a common configuration in the central Mexican electrical grid, which may include power transformers connected in parallel, which can be energized through their 230 or 85 kV windings. The research employs electrical power system modeling using the Alternative Transients Program software to simulate typical scenarios involving substation switch operations during grid activity. It incorporates transformer models with manufacturer-specified saturation characteristics and a certain level of remanent magnetization. With the results obtained, it is inferred that the magnitude, waveform, and duration of the sympathetic inrush currents can cause imbalances and affect the normal operation of the system. Transformer outages can occur due to malfunctioning of its differential and overcurrent relays, as well as power quality problems. Remanent magnetization is not a determining factor for the appearance of the phenomenon. However, the magnitude of the sympathetic inrush current is strongly related to the closing time of the circuit breaker. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a higher capacitance makes the sympathetic inrush current phenomenon more evident.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"246-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satellite terrestrial edge computing network (STECN) has significant potential application deploying mobile edge computing (MEC) in offloading the computational tasks by the heterogeneous Internet of Thing (IoT) terminals under terrestrial network (TN). In this article, we present a methodological approach toward modeling the simulation environment for a novel multitier multiconstellation STECN where the IoT user equipment (UE) from both aviation space and ground will offload computing tasks into the edge satellite network for processing. We designed a network model, a communication and coverage time model and a computing model under the proposed STECN. We proposed two algorithms with three offloading schemes addressing variability in latency tolerance by heterogeneous UEs. We optimized the allocation of communication and computing resources by the satellites under the model by adopting a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm with an actor-critic network for training and learning. We approached simulation modeling by designing and developing relevant modules, simulation architecture, and workflow. We incorporated techniques to fine tune the training system under specific evaluation matrices so that our simulation model can be followed by others in the domain.
{"title":"Approach Toward Simulation Modeling With Reinforced Offloading for Heterogeneous IoT Terminals Under a Novel STECN","authors":"Kaushik Sarker;Rongke Liu;Shenzhan Xu;Hangyu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3574344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3574344","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite terrestrial edge computing network (STECN) has significant potential application deploying mobile edge computing (MEC) in offloading the computational tasks by the heterogeneous Internet of Thing (IoT) terminals under terrestrial network (TN). In this article, we present a methodological approach toward modeling the simulation environment for a novel multitier multiconstellation STECN where the IoT user equipment (UE) from both aviation space and ground will offload computing tasks into the edge satellite network for processing. We designed a network model, a communication and coverage time model and a computing model under the proposed STECN. We proposed two algorithms with three offloading schemes addressing variability in latency tolerance by heterogeneous UEs. We optimized the allocation of communication and computing resources by the satellites under the model by adopting a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm with an actor-critic network for training and learning. We approached simulation modeling by designing and developing relevant modules, simulation architecture, and workflow. We incorporated techniques to fine tune the training system under specific evaluation matrices so that our simulation model can be followed by others in the domain.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"234-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3572410
Cheng-Ying Yang;Yi-Nan Lin;Victor R. L. Shen;Frank H. C. Shen;Wun-Siang Jheng
Correct use of home appliances is intended to avoid property damage and life unsafety. Also, serious fire accidents can affect the safety of one’s neighborhood. Therefore, this study uses the Internet of Things (IoT) platform to build an intelligent system that aims to detect the temperature rise of home appliances. It is employed to monitor the usage states of home appliances in real time. Hereby, the microcontroller, node microcontrol unit (NodeMCU-32S), is used to develop an IoT platform combined with sensors for measuring ac voltage, current, and ambient temperature so that the electrical power and temperature rise of load (e.g., electric motor) can be detected. Meanwhile, the smart measurement system is integrated with mobile devices to upload the detected datasets to the Google cloud database system. Moreover, the verification of feasibility and soundness of a system model is performed by using the Petri net tool, WoPeD, for the purpose of eliminating the improper states to optimize the system performance. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed IoT-enabled system has a promising precision of 94.17% and a recall of 92.26%, which obviously outperforms other existing state-of-the-art systems.
{"title":"A Novel IoT-Enabled System for Real-Time Monitoring Home Appliances Using Petri Nets","authors":"Cheng-Ying Yang;Yi-Nan Lin;Victor R. L. Shen;Frank H. C. Shen;Wun-Siang Jheng","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3572410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3572410","url":null,"abstract":"Correct use of home appliances is intended to avoid property damage and life unsafety. Also, serious fire accidents can affect the safety of one’s neighborhood. Therefore, this study uses the Internet of Things (IoT) platform to build an intelligent system that aims to detect the temperature rise of home appliances. It is employed to monitor the usage states of home appliances in real time. Hereby, the microcontroller, node microcontrol unit (NodeMCU-32S), is used to develop an IoT platform combined with sensors for measuring ac voltage, current, and ambient temperature so that the electrical power and temperature rise of load (e.g., electric motor) can be detected. Meanwhile, the smart measurement system is integrated with mobile devices to upload the detected datasets to the Google cloud database system. Moreover, the verification of feasibility and soundness of a system model is performed by using the Petri net tool, WoPeD, for the purpose of eliminating the improper states to optimize the system performance. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed IoT-enabled system has a promising precision of 94.17% and a recall of 92.26%, which obviously outperforms other existing state-of-the-art systems.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"204-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3573736
Shivateja Manala;Jeevanand Seshadrinath
Stator interturn fault (ITF) is the most common failure in electrical machines; if no prompt detection is implemented, it can cause catastrophic results. This work proposes a novel method in permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives to detect the ITF, which is insular to speed and load variations. The proposed ITF technique is based on negative-sequence instantaneous reactive power (IRP) distortions. The sensorless control of the PMSM drive, while using field-oriented technique, uses the voltage and current information for rotor position estimation. This serves the dual purpose of controlling the drive and also in developing the diagnostic technique. The IRP distortion is calculated from dq-reference frame voltage distortions, which are estimated using Luenberger observer and dq-reference frame current distortions. The novel fault indicator is calculated based on the vector magnitude of dc components obtained from negative-sequence IRP distortions, which is insular to various speed and load conditions of the drive. The proposed ITF detection technique is experimentally validated under varying load and speed conditions of the sensorless field-oriented controlled (FOC) PMSM drive. Further, a comparison of the proposed ITF detection scheme with the dq-reference frame current residuals technique shows the superiority of the proposed ITF detection scheme under various speed and load conditions of the PMSM drive scheme; furthermore, the reliability of the proposed ITF detection technique under various noise conditions is also verified.
{"title":"Interturn Fault Diagnosis in Sensorless PMSM Drive Based on Negative-Sequence Reactive Power Distortions","authors":"Shivateja Manala;Jeevanand Seshadrinath","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3573736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3573736","url":null,"abstract":"Stator interturn fault (ITF) is the most common failure in electrical machines; if no prompt detection is implemented, it can cause catastrophic results. This work proposes a novel method in permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives to detect the ITF, which is insular to speed and load variations. The proposed ITF technique is based on negative-sequence instantaneous reactive power (IRP) distortions. The sensorless control of the PMSM drive, while using field-oriented technique, uses the voltage and current information for rotor position estimation. This serves the dual purpose of controlling the drive and also in developing the diagnostic technique. The IRP distortion is calculated from dq-reference frame voltage distortions, which are estimated using Luenberger observer and dq-reference frame current distortions. The novel fault indicator is calculated based on the vector magnitude of dc components obtained from negative-sequence IRP distortions, which is insular to various speed and load conditions of the drive. The proposed ITF detection technique is experimentally validated under varying load and speed conditions of the sensorless field-oriented controlled (FOC) PMSM drive. Further, a comparison of the proposed ITF detection scheme with the dq-reference frame current residuals technique shows the superiority of the proposed ITF detection scheme under various speed and load conditions of the PMSM drive scheme; furthermore, the reliability of the proposed ITF detection technique under various noise conditions is also verified.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"216-225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3578113
Ayaz Ahmad;Jayanta Mukherjee
In this work, a meander line (ML) periodic leaky wave antenna (LWA) is proposed with gain improvement and broadside scanning capability. A longer ML length is taken in a fixed unit cell period to improve the gain. A longer ML brings more space harmonics (SHs) in the radiation region. Therefore, the geometry of the ML is modified to obtain impedance matching at SHs transition frequencies at 8.35 and 10.45 GHz. The antenna covers the frequency range from 8 to 11 GHz in the X-band with the optimized broadside frequency ($f_{B}$ ) at 9.4 GHz. A maximum gain of 15.5 dBi is achieved in $6.25lambda _{0}$ antenna length. This antenna is a potential candidate for use in modern wireless communication where high gain is required in a small footprint area.
{"title":"Modified Meander Line Broadside Scanning Periodic Leaky Wave Antenna With Gain Enhancement","authors":"Ayaz Ahmad;Jayanta Mukherjee","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3578113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3578113","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a meander line (ML) periodic leaky wave antenna (LWA) is proposed with gain improvement and broadside scanning capability. A longer ML length is taken in a fixed unit cell period to improve the gain. A longer ML brings more space harmonics (SHs) in the radiation region. Therefore, the geometry of the ML is modified to obtain impedance matching at SHs transition frequencies at 8.35 and 10.45 GHz. The antenna covers the frequency range from 8 to 11 GHz in the X-band with the optimized broadside frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$f_{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) at 9.4 GHz. A maximum gain of 15.5 dBi is achieved in <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6.25lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna length. This antenna is a potential candidate for use in modern wireless communication where high gain is required in a small footprint area.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":"226-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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