Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3539555
{"title":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3539555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3539555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10931807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3558882
Sevtap Turk
Weather conditions directly affect sectors such as agriculture and transport. With climate change, unpredictability is increasing and traditional calculation methods may not be sufficient. In addition to some statistical methods, machine learning algorithms are also used for weather forecasting. This study attempts to classify precipitation using machine learning algorithms on selected meteorological data. The models used are K-nearest neighbors (KNNs), support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). These models were implemented on four different open-source and free data mining platforms. These platforms are Altair AI Studio (formerly Rapidminer), Knime, Orange, and Weka. The dataset includes parameters such as pressure, temperature, humidity, number of rainy days, cloudiness rate, and year and month information. According to the values of these parameters, the data were classified as less rainy, rainy, and very rainy.
天气状况直接影响农业和运输等部门。随着气候变化，不可预测性正在增加，传统的计算方法可能不够。除了一些统计方法，机器学习算法也被用于天气预报。本研究试图在选定的气象数据上使用机器学习算法对降水进行分类。使用的模型是k近邻（KNNs）、支持向量机（SVM）和多层感知机（MLP）。这些模型在四个不同的开源和免费数据挖掘平台上实现。这些平台包括Altair AI Studio（以前的Rapidminer）、Knime、Orange和Weka。数据集包括压力、温度、湿度、阴雨天数、多云率以及年份和月份信息等参数。根据这些参数的值，将数据分为少雨、多雨和多雨。
{"title":"Rainfall Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms on Data Mining Platforms","authors":"Sevtap Turk","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3558882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3558882","url":null,"abstract":"Weather conditions directly affect sectors such as agriculture and transport. With climate change, unpredictability is increasing and traditional calculation methods may not be sufficient. In addition to some statistical methods, machine learning algorithms are also used for weather forecasting. This study attempts to classify precipitation using machine learning algorithms on selected meteorological data. The models used are K-nearest neighbors (KNNs), support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). These models were implemented on four different open-source and free data mining platforms. These platforms are Altair AI Studio (formerly Rapidminer), Knime, Orange, and Weka. The dataset includes parameters such as pressure, temperature, humidity, number of rainy days, cloudiness rate, and year and month information. According to the values of these parameters, the data were classified as less rainy, rainy, and very rainy.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 2","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3523098
Elagandula Aparna;Gopi Ram;G. Arun Kumar
This work proposes a new approach to design a quadrilateral self-isolated multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration operating for reliable $Ka$ -band communications. The proposed design utilizes a single-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fractal Koch snowflake (FKS) slot antenna array. The main focus is on achieving wideband characteristics and self-isolation among antennas without using any additional isolation circuits. The method is described to obtain the wideband performance of the SIW FKS slot antenna array fed with a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). The radiation performance of single-element and quadrilateral elements is analyzed. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the MIMO antenna elements exhibit a bandwidth of 27.1–32.4 GHz (17.8%) and peak gain of 8.3 dBi at 28 GHz. The achieved isolation levels are greater than 23 dB (simulated) and 20 dB (measured), with a self-isolation structure. Furthermore, this work extended to calculate diversity characteristics of proposed MIMO, such as the envelope correlation coefficient ($text {ECC} lt 0.005$ ), mean effective gain ratio ($text {MEG} lt 1.1$ ), diversity gain ($text {DG}lt 9.9$ dB), and channel capacity loss ($text {CCL}lt 0.3$ bits/s/Hz). These results validate that the proposed MIMO antenna design is performing satisfactorily. The fabricated prototype measurement results are validated with simulation results.
{"title":"A Quadrilateral Self-Isolated Wideband MIMO SIW Fractal Koch Snowflake Slot Antenna Array for Ka-Band Communications","authors":"Elagandula Aparna;Gopi Ram;G. Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3523098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3523098","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a new approach to design a quadrilateral self-isolated multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration operating for reliable <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band communications. The proposed design utilizes a single-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fractal Koch snowflake (FKS) slot antenna array. The main focus is on achieving wideband characteristics and self-isolation among antennas without using any additional isolation circuits. The method is described to obtain the wideband performance of the SIW FKS slot antenna array fed with a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). The radiation performance of single-element and quadrilateral elements is analyzed. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the MIMO antenna elements exhibit a bandwidth of 27.1–32.4 GHz (17.8%) and peak gain of 8.3 dBi at 28 GHz. The achieved isolation levels are greater than 23 dB (simulated) and 20 dB (measured), with a self-isolation structure. Furthermore, this work extended to calculate diversity characteristics of proposed MIMO, such as the envelope correlation coefficient (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {ECC} lt 0.005$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), mean effective gain ratio (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {MEG} lt 1.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), diversity gain (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {DG}lt 9.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB), and channel capacity loss (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {CCL}lt 0.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bits/s/Hz). These results validate that the proposed MIMO antenna design is performing satisfactorily. The fabricated prototype measurement results are validated with simulation results.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs) in power grids, developing appropriate models for power system planning is of great importance. This article proposes a novel gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm-based transmission expansion planning (TEP) method considering renewable energy sources and EVs and evaluates the performance of alternating current power flow (ACPF) and direct current power flow (DCPF) models in the TEP problem in terms of accuracy, run-time, and objective functions. The uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources, EVs, and loads are explicitly modeled in this study using probability density functions (pdfs) and the Copula approach. The proposed GWO-based TEP method is validated by case studies using the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) and IEEE 118-bus test system. The ACPF model leads to fewer transmission lines and lower costs than the DCPF model in most scenarios.
{"title":"The Gray Wolf Optimization-Based Transmission Expansion Planning in Renewable-Rich Power Systems","authors":"Mansour Moradi;Hamdi Abdi;Maryam Shahbazitabar;Xiaodong Liang","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3454290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3454290","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs) in power grids, developing appropriate models for power system planning is of great importance. This article proposes a novel gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm-based transmission expansion planning (TEP) method considering renewable energy sources and EVs and evaluates the performance of alternating current power flow (ACPF) and direct current power flow (DCPF) models in the TEP problem in terms of accuracy, run-time, and objective functions. The uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources, EVs, and loads are explicitly modeled in this study using probability density functions (pdfs) and the Copula approach. The proposed GWO-based TEP method is validated by case studies using the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) and IEEE 118-bus test system. The ACPF model leads to fewer transmission lines and lower costs than the DCPF model in most scenarios.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3517416
Asjad Elahi;Mohamed Z. Youssef
A new dual-channel isolated current source gate driver (ICSGD) and its real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation is presented in this article. The proposed technique is well suited for higher power applications that require two galvanically isolated and synchronous gate drive signals. The proposed gate driver can achieve very fast turn-on and turn-off transitions, due to its current mode nature. In addition, this technique can achieve partial gate energy recovery by recovering a part of the rms ($CV^2$ ) energy, which is typically dissipated over the gate drive resistors in voltage source gate driver (VSGD) techniques. The proposed ICSGD provides better control over the gate charging and discharging process as it allows the engineers to carefully time the turn-on/turn-off transitions. It provides superior performance over its VSGD counterparts, especially in high-frequency (HF) operations. The digital implementation of the proposed circuit using Typhoon’s HIL platform proves highly effective for evaluating design reliability and testing design parameters in realtime, enabling comprehensive validation prior to physical implementation. The HIL system is implemented on Typhoon’s HIL402 module. The control algorithm is implemented on a Texas Instruments F28335 digital signal processor (DSP), which is then integrated with the HIL402 module using a Typhoon HIL DSP interface. The model is verified with a match of results from PSIM and Typhoon. The PSIM & HIL results show that the ICSGD achieves a minimum of 20% efficiency improvement.
{"title":"A Novel Dual-Channel Isolated Current Source Gate Driver for High-Frequency MOSFET Operation: With Hardware-in-the-Loop Verification","authors":"Asjad Elahi;Mohamed Z. Youssef","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3517416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3517416","url":null,"abstract":"A new dual-channel isolated current source gate driver (ICSGD) and its real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation is presented in this article. The proposed technique is well suited for higher power applications that require two galvanically isolated and synchronous gate drive signals. The proposed gate driver can achieve very fast turn-on and turn-off transitions, due to its current mode nature. In addition, this technique can achieve partial gate energy recovery by recovering a part of the rms (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$CV^2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) energy, which is typically dissipated over the gate drive resistors in voltage source gate driver (VSGD) techniques. The proposed ICSGD provides better control over the gate charging and discharging process as it allows the engineers to carefully time the turn-on/turn-off transitions. It provides superior performance over its VSGD counterparts, especially in high-frequency (HF) operations. The digital implementation of the proposed circuit using Typhoon’s HIL platform proves highly effective for evaluating design reliability and testing design parameters in realtime, enabling comprehensive validation prior to physical implementation. The HIL system is implemented on Typhoon’s HIL402 module. The control algorithm is implemented on a Texas Instruments F28335 digital signal processor (DSP), which is then integrated with the HIL402 module using a Typhoon HIL DSP interface. The model is verified with a match of results from PSIM and Typhoon. The PSIM & HIL results show that the ICSGD achieves a minimum of 20% efficiency improvement.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3506115
Yanni Jiang;Ke Li;Ziyuan Yang;Tao Liu
Ship wake detection provides a supplementary way for ship target detection; however, the detection performances of small and slow targets under high sea state are always unsatisfying. Also, the potential of polarimetric enhancement and deep learning (DL) techniques in ship wake detection still remains to be further discovered. In this article, first, the polarimetric enhancement methods based on the polarimetric whitening filter (PWF) and polarimetric detection optimization filter (PDOF) have been researched. Since the measured full-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of ship wake are rather limited and inadequate for DL techniques, a full-polarized wake detection dataset (FPWDD) has been established for the first time. It was constructed based on 6000 simulated polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) images of a typical small surface vehicle, including four kinds of target numbers, five kinds of wind speeds, five kinds of wind directions, five kinds of ship velocities, and 36 kinds of ship heading angles. It is composed of two kinds of images: the full covariance matrixes stored in the TIF format and the images after the Pauli decomposition stored in the RGB format. Furthermore, the ship wake detection has been performed based on the FPWDD and three widely applied target detection DL networks for the HH, HV, VV, PWF, and PDOF channels. Finally, an analysis of the wake detection performances of the five channels has been carried out, which has proved that the polarimetric enhancement methods can obviously enhance the wake detection performance of small surface vehicles, with most evaluation metrics about 10% higher than that of HH, VV, and HV.
{"title":"Ship Wake Detection Based on Polarimetric Enhancement and Deep Learning via a Simulated Full-Polarized Dataset","authors":"Yanni Jiang;Ke Li;Ziyuan Yang;Tao Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3506115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3506115","url":null,"abstract":"Ship wake detection provides a supplementary way for ship target detection; however, the detection performances of small and slow targets under high sea state are always unsatisfying. Also, the potential of polarimetric enhancement and deep learning (DL) techniques in ship wake detection still remains to be further discovered. In this article, first, the polarimetric enhancement methods based on the polarimetric whitening filter (PWF) and polarimetric detection optimization filter (PDOF) have been researched. Since the measured full-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of ship wake are rather limited and inadequate for DL techniques, a full-polarized wake detection dataset (FPWDD) has been established for the first time. It was constructed based on 6000 simulated polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) images of a typical small surface vehicle, including four kinds of target numbers, five kinds of wind speeds, five kinds of wind directions, five kinds of ship velocities, and 36 kinds of ship heading angles. It is composed of two kinds of images: the full covariance matrixes stored in the TIF format and the images after the Pauli decomposition stored in the RGB format. Furthermore, the ship wake detection has been performed based on the FPWDD and three widely applied target detection DL networks for the HH, HV, VV, PWF, and PDOF channels. Finally, an analysis of the wake detection performances of the five channels has been carried out, which has proved that the polarimetric enhancement methods can obviously enhance the wake detection performance of small surface vehicles, with most evaluation metrics about 10% higher than that of HH, VV, and HV.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3500028
Juan Constantine;Kuo Lung Lian;Zhao-Peng He;Chu Ying Xiao;You Fang Fan;Na-Te Yang
A cyber-physical system is a system that integrates computation and physical processes. Such a system has found numerous applications in power systems. One such application is power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation. In the context of PHIL simulation, a hardware device under test (DUT) is typically linked to a digital real-time simulator (DRTS) via a PHIL interface. Over time, several PHIL interfaces have been proposed and explored. Notably, the ideal transformer model (ITM) stands out due to its popularity, primarily for its ease of implementation. Other PHIL interfaces, such as partial circuit duplication (PCD) and damping impedance, can be viewed as extensions of the ITM concept. These PHIL interfaces necessitate a strict impedance ratio between the physical (i.e., the DUT) and the cyber parts (i.e., the system modeled in DRTS) before embarking on a PHIL implementation. This prerequisite can often prove to be a demanding and complex task. This article introduces a novel PHIL interface for PHIL using Nelder–Mead (NM) algorithm, designed to eliminate such constraints. Notably, the proposed PHIL interface offers an expanded stability region when compared with ITM, thus rendering it suitable for a broader range of PHIL applications. The effectiveness of this proposed method has been confirmed by a practical PHIL setup.
{"title":"A New Interface for Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Using Nelder-Mead Algorithm Une nouvelle interface pour la simulation","authors":"Juan Constantine;Kuo Lung Lian;Zhao-Peng He;Chu Ying Xiao;You Fang Fan;Na-Te Yang","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3500028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3500028","url":null,"abstract":"A cyber-physical system is a system that integrates computation and physical processes. Such a system has found numerous applications in power systems. One such application is power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation. In the context of PHIL simulation, a hardware device under test (DUT) is typically linked to a digital real-time simulator (DRTS) via a PHIL interface. Over time, several PHIL interfaces have been proposed and explored. Notably, the ideal transformer model (ITM) stands out due to its popularity, primarily for its ease of implementation. Other PHIL interfaces, such as partial circuit duplication (PCD) and damping impedance, can be viewed as extensions of the ITM concept. These PHIL interfaces necessitate a strict impedance ratio between the physical (i.e., the DUT) and the cyber parts (i.e., the system modeled in DRTS) before embarking on a PHIL implementation. This prerequisite can often prove to be a demanding and complex task. This article introduces a novel PHIL interface for PHIL using Nelder–Mead (NM) algorithm, designed to eliminate such constraints. Notably, the proposed PHIL interface offers an expanded stability region when compared with ITM, thus rendering it suitable for a broader range of PHIL applications. The effectiveness of this proposed method has been confirmed by a practical PHIL setup.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3498395
{"title":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3498395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3498395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"47 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10807055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work systematically studies conformal Vivaldi antenna (VA) arrays in a spherical volume. A VA with gain varying from 5 to 9 dBi and $S_{11} leq -10$ dB from 4.3 to 9.8 GHz is considered. A $1 times 7$ VAs are placed on a correctional area of the cylinder to scan from $theta = 0^{circ}$ to 45° at $phi = 90^{circ}$ . The results show that the sidelobe level (SLL) has a higher amplitude, almost equivalent to the main lobe. To reduce the SLL, the phase center to phase center distance of antenna elements is reduced by bringing the radius correctional area of the cylinder leading to the development of a modified VA (MVA) without disturbing the $S_{11}$ parameters of the VA. To verify, the MVA as a radiating element a $1 times 7$ circular MVA array is developed with the same scanning capability, the results show a high reduction of SLL. Finally, a 49-element MVA array arranged in a spherical volume is developed to obtain 3-D-beam scanning. The antenna elements are designed to be conformal to the periphery of a sphere to achieve a 360° beam scanning in the azimuthal plane and ±45° in the elevation angle. The 3-D array has a realized gain of 18.57 dBi at $theta = 0^{circ}$ and an approximately 10 dB difference in the magnitude of the major lobe and side lobe levels at all the scan angles. The validation is carried out using ANSYS HFSS full wave solver and achieved a good agreement with the theoretical considerations.
{"title":"Space and Position Management of Wideband Conformal Vivaldi Antenna Array With Sidelobe Reduction","authors":"Anil Kumar Yerrola;Maifuz Ali;Ravi Kumar Arya;Ashwani Kumar;Lakhindar Murmu","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3472056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3472056","url":null,"abstract":"This work systematically studies conformal Vivaldi antenna (VA) arrays in a spherical volume. A VA with gain varying from 5 to 9 dBi and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{11} leq -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB from 4.3 to 9.8 GHz is considered. A <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1 times 7$ </tex-math></inline-formula> VAs are placed on a correctional area of the cylinder to scan from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$theta = 0^{circ}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 45° at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$phi = 90^{circ}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The results show that the sidelobe level (SLL) has a higher amplitude, almost equivalent to the main lobe. To reduce the SLL, the phase center to phase center distance of antenna elements is reduced by bringing the radius correctional area of the cylinder leading to the development of a modified VA (MVA) without disturbing the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parameters of the VA. To verify, the MVA as a radiating element a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1 times 7$ </tex-math></inline-formula> circular MVA array is developed with the same scanning capability, the results show a high reduction of SLL. Finally, a 49-element MVA array arranged in a spherical volume is developed to obtain 3-D-beam scanning. The antenna elements are designed to be conformal to the periphery of a sphere to achieve a 360° beam scanning in the azimuthal plane and ±45° in the elevation angle. The 3-D array has a realized gain of 18.57 dBi at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$theta = 0^{circ}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and an approximately 10 dB difference in the magnitude of the major lobe and side lobe levels at all the scan angles. The validation is carried out using ANSYS HFSS full wave solver and achieved a good agreement with the theoretical considerations.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3487893
M. Jajini;N. Shanmuga Vadivoo;Sivasankar Gangatharan
The usage of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased and it leads to additional demand along with existing residential demand and managing it becomes challenging. Further EV charging systems that function during the daytime in multistorey buildings expedite the peak loading. The main objective of this work is to minimize the operating cost of the system and conversion losses. In this work, the microgrid incorporated with a bidirectional converter plays a major role in dc-ac and ac-dc conversion. The photo voltaic (PV) sources support the system with sufficient dc power generation and batteries store the dc power and supply the load in case of insufficiency. By utilizing a genetic algorithm (GA) and appropriate energy management (EM) to charge EVs according to time-of-use tariff patterns, the impact of growing demand on the grid is greatly mitigated. To ease the burden on the grid during peak hours, the interruptible loads are shifted to off-peak times. Other challenges of EV charging such as energy saving, maximum peak demand, voltage instability, and high current drawing issues are rectified and well presented with existing topology. When compared to the standard scheme, the energy savings in the proposed topology are much increased, reaching 33.04%, while the cost reduction is 57.27%.
{"title":"Intelligent Energy Management for Multistorey Building With Photovoltaic-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure","authors":"M. Jajini;N. Shanmuga Vadivoo;Sivasankar Gangatharan","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3487893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3487893","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased and it leads to additional demand along with existing residential demand and managing it becomes challenging. Further EV charging systems that function during the daytime in multistorey buildings expedite the peak loading. The main objective of this work is to minimize the operating cost of the system and conversion losses. In this work, the microgrid incorporated with a bidirectional converter plays a major role in dc-ac and ac-dc conversion. The photo voltaic (PV) sources support the system with sufficient dc power generation and batteries store the dc power and supply the load in case of insufficiency. By utilizing a genetic algorithm (GA) and appropriate energy management (EM) to charge EVs according to time-of-use tariff patterns, the impact of growing demand on the grid is greatly mitigated. To ease the burden on the grid during peak hours, the interruptible loads are shifted to off-peak times. Other challenges of EV charging such as energy saving, maximum peak demand, voltage instability, and high current drawing issues are rectified and well presented with existing topology. When compared to the standard scheme, the energy savings in the proposed topology are much increased, reaching 33.04%, while the cost reduction is 57.27%.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"47 4","pages":"250-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：