Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3275975
Alexander G. B. Colpitts;Brent R. Petersen
This article presents an anomaly detection (AD) algorithm, robust AD for rural fixed wireless LTE (RAINFOREST), to address the difficulty of fault detection in LTE networks, specifically those that are rural and fixed wireless. We propose a hybrid AD method that uses network key performance indicators (KPIs), historical KPI forecasts, density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), and statistical analysis to detect anomalies. RAINFOREST outperformed benchmark AD methods and was able to detect faults in a rural commercial fixed wireless network earlier than existing LTE threshold-based alarms.
{"title":"Unsupervised Anomaly Detection for Rural Fixed Wireless LTE Networks","authors":"Alexander G. B. Colpitts;Brent R. Petersen","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3275975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3275975","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an anomaly detection (AD) algorithm, robust AD for rural fixed wireless LTE (RAINFOREST), to address the difficulty of fault detection in LTE networks, specifically those that are rural and fixed wireless. We propose a hybrid AD method that uses network key performance indicators (KPIs), historical KPI forecasts, density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), and statistical analysis to detect anomalies. RAINFOREST outperformed benchmark AD methods and was able to detect faults in a rural commercial fixed wireless network earlier than existing LTE threshold-based alarms.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 4","pages":"256-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3292709
{"title":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3292709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3292709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 3","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9349829/10175198/10255097.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3275281
Abdullah Gokyildirim
This study proposes a novel chaotic attractor with seven terms in three simple ordinary differential equations involving a line and unstable equilibria. The complex dynamical behavior of the proposed system is studied in detail by analyzing its equilibria, Lyapunov spectra, and bifurcation diagram. The feasibility and accuracy of the novel attractor are examined by constructing its analog circuit implementation. Additionally, periodic states of the system are examined in both numerical and PSpice simulations, as well as an analog circuit implementation. The hardware experimental results are highly compatible with numerical and PSpice simulations. As can be seen from the numerical simulations and hardware implementation, the presented system shows sensitive and rich dynamic behaviors in a small range of system parameters. The proposed oscillator circuit is also cost-effective, as it has only seven terms. Additionally, a sliding mode controller (SMC) is presented to control the novel attractor. The stability of the designed SMC is proven via the Lyapunov stability method. Lastly, a microcontroller-based implementation is realized, and it is seen that the experimental results are in good accordance with the simulation results. The correctness of the proposed controller is approved by theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental results.
{"title":"A Novel Chaotic Attractor With a Line and Unstable Equilibria: Dynamics, Circuit Design, and Microcontroller-Based Sliding Mode Control","authors":"Abdullah Gokyildirim","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3275281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3275281","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a novel chaotic attractor with seven terms in three simple ordinary differential equations involving a line and unstable equilibria. The complex dynamical behavior of the proposed system is studied in detail by analyzing its equilibria, Lyapunov spectra, and bifurcation diagram. The feasibility and accuracy of the novel attractor are examined by constructing its analog circuit implementation. Additionally, periodic states of the system are examined in both numerical and PSpice simulations, as well as an analog circuit implementation. The hardware experimental results are highly compatible with numerical and PSpice simulations. As can be seen from the numerical simulations and hardware implementation, the presented system shows sensitive and rich dynamic behaviors in a small range of system parameters. The proposed oscillator circuit is also cost-effective, as it has only seven terms. Additionally, a sliding mode controller (SMC) is presented to control the novel attractor. The stability of the designed SMC is proven via the Lyapunov stability method. Lastly, a microcontroller-based implementation is realized, and it is seen that the experimental results are in good accordance with the simulation results. The correctness of the proposed controller is approved by theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 3","pages":"228-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3272562
M. A. Hernández-Rodríguez;R. Iracheta-Cortez
This article is described step by step the methodology for dimensioning a transverse flux permanent magnet synchronous generator for applications in small wind turbines. The proposed methodology is based on the concepts of magnetic circuit theory which have been widely explained in the specialized literature. Due to the generator will be used in a wind turbine that works at variable speeds, it will be necessary to analyze its performance in a full range defined by operation speeds. Also, the performance is analyzed under no load and load conditions. The developed methodology is coded in MATLAB and it has been exhaustively validated through 3-D finite element analysis (FEA).
{"title":"Design and Performance Analysis of a Transverse-Flux PMSG for Applications in Small Wind Turbines","authors":"M. A. Hernández-Rodríguez;R. Iracheta-Cortez","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3272562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3272562","url":null,"abstract":"This article is described step by step the methodology for dimensioning a transverse flux permanent magnet synchronous generator for applications in small wind turbines. The proposed methodology is based on the concepts of magnetic circuit theory which have been widely explained in the specialized literature. Due to the generator will be used in a wind turbine that works at variable speeds, it will be necessary to analyze its performance in a full range defined by operation speeds. Also, the performance is analyzed under no load and load conditions. The developed methodology is coded in MATLAB and it has been exhaustively validated through 3-D finite element analysis (FEA).","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 3","pages":"218-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3275734
R. Sindhuja;S. Padma
Complexity in the implementation of the inverter circuit lies with the logic behind the generation of the switching pulse sequences using multicarrier-pulsewidth modulation (MC-PWM). The analysis of the switching sequence for the operation of 15 level multi-level inverter (MLI) topology using logical gates is introduced in this article. A 15-level reduced switch topology is proposed which consists of eight switches. The main focus is to analyze the procedure of generating a pulse pattern for the eight switches in the circuit and to obtain the logical expression. Key Findings: The input pulse for the generation of eight different pulse patterns is obtained by MC-PWM technique. Several MC-PWM techniques, including phase disposition (PD), alternate phase opposition disposition (APOD), and phase opposition disposition (POD), are available. POD were applied to the proposed reduced switch topology using the same logical expression and the results were analyzed. MATLAB/Simulink is employed in the execution of the simulation work. The desired pulse pattern is simulated in real time and generated with the assistance of dSPACE 1104. Various modulation index (MI) and several PWM algorithms are used to examine the total harmonic distortion (THD) comparison study.
{"title":"Logical Analysis for Switching Sequence Generation in 15-Level Reduced Switch MLI","authors":"R. Sindhuja;S. Padma","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3275734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3275734","url":null,"abstract":"Complexity in the implementation of the inverter circuit lies with the logic behind the generation of the switching pulse sequences using multicarrier-pulsewidth modulation (MC-PWM). The analysis of the switching sequence for the operation of 15 level multi-level inverter (MLI) topology using logical gates is introduced in this article. A 15-level reduced switch topology is proposed which consists of eight switches. The main focus is to analyze the procedure of generating a pulse pattern for the eight switches in the circuit and to obtain the logical expression. Key Findings: The input pulse for the generation of eight different pulse patterns is obtained by MC-PWM technique. Several MC-PWM techniques, including phase disposition (PD), alternate phase opposition disposition (APOD), and phase opposition disposition (POD), are available. POD were applied to the proposed reduced switch topology using the same logical expression and the results were analyzed. MATLAB/Simulink is employed in the execution of the simulation work. The desired pulse pattern is simulated in real time and generated with the assistance of dSPACE 1104. Various modulation index (MI) and several PWM algorithms are used to examine the total harmonic distortion (THD) comparison study.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 3","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3271304
Anshuman Sharma;Mohamed Z. Youssef
In order to establish an efficient inductive power transfer (IPT) mechanism for electric vehicles (EVs) it is necessary that a system with effective power control and efficiency maximization is established. As the equivalent resistance of the on-board battery charger continuously fluctuates during operation, a battery charging algorithm based on an improvised continuous current (CC)–constant voltage (CV) is proposed. This article introduces the design of an integrated stationary IPT system to inductively transfer power from a transmitter pad positioned on the ground and the receiver pad embedded under the chassis of an EV. An innovative feature of the design is the implementation of a magnetic switch sensor that is incorporated into both the transmitting and receiving wireless charging circuitry to ensure optimum alignment for IPT. The power electronics design focuses on the implementation of an H-bridge converter incorporating series–series (SS) compensation topology to use an innovative control algorithm to prioritize battery charging operations. The system is validated through a simulation model in PSIM and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation in Typhoon before hardware implementation and testing of the developed prototype. At a test resonant frequency of 23.74 kHz and a nominal air gap separation of 120 mm, the developed IPT system had an overall efficiency of 93.41%.
{"title":"A Magnetic Switch Sensor Based Inductive Power Transfer System With Power Control and Efficiency Maximization for Vehicular Applications","authors":"Anshuman Sharma;Mohamed Z. Youssef","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3271304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3271304","url":null,"abstract":"In order to establish an efficient inductive power transfer (IPT) mechanism for electric vehicles (EVs) it is necessary that a system with effective power control and efficiency maximization is established. As the equivalent resistance of the on-board battery charger continuously fluctuates during operation, a battery charging algorithm based on an improvised continuous current (CC)–constant voltage (CV) is proposed. This article introduces the design of an integrated stationary IPT system to inductively transfer power from a transmitter pad positioned on the ground and the receiver pad embedded under the chassis of an EV. An innovative feature of the design is the implementation of a magnetic switch sensor that is incorporated into both the transmitting and receiving wireless charging circuitry to ensure optimum alignment for IPT. The power electronics design focuses on the implementation of an H-bridge converter incorporating series–series (SS) compensation topology to use an innovative control algorithm to prioritize battery charging operations. The system is validated through a simulation model in PSIM and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation in Typhoon before hardware implementation and testing of the developed prototype. At a test resonant frequency of 23.74 kHz and a nominal air gap separation of 120 mm, the developed IPT system had an overall efficiency of 93.41%.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 3","pages":"207-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3280333
{"title":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3280333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3280333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 2","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9349829/10137376/10158953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68016410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3264852
Lingli Gong;Anshuman Sharma;Mohammad Abdul Bhuiya;Hilmy Awad;Mohamed Z. Youssef
This article demonstrates an innovative design of a sensorless technique to diagnose, monitor, and broadcast faults in an electric vehicle’s (EV) propulsion operating conditions. By utilizing the artificial intelligence with a signal processing mixed clustering technique, an onboard health monitoring system (HMS) has been presented. The clustering technique uses a data-mining approach to prevent future failures for predictive maintenance planning, which is novel. For example, the propulsion inverter is equipped with a diagnostic system that uses the proposed algorithm to compare the reference gate-driving signal with the actual output voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI). This article presents different failure scenarios of the inverter and demonstrates the capability to be applied to other components, such as brakes and motors. To validate the proposed technique, the necessary algorithm calculations, simulation, and laboratory prototype results are provided. The proposed work is proven accurate with fast response in healthy and faulty conditions.
{"title":"An Adaptive Fault Diagnosis of Electric Vehicles: An Artificial Intelligence Blended Signal Processing Methodology","authors":"Lingli Gong;Anshuman Sharma;Mohammad Abdul Bhuiya;Hilmy Awad;Mohamed Z. Youssef","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3264852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3264852","url":null,"abstract":"This article demonstrates an innovative design of a sensorless technique to diagnose, monitor, and broadcast faults in an electric vehicle’s (EV) propulsion operating conditions. By utilizing the artificial intelligence with a signal processing mixed clustering technique, an onboard health monitoring system (HMS) has been presented. The clustering technique uses a data-mining approach to prevent future failures for predictive maintenance planning, which is novel. For example, the propulsion inverter is equipped with a diagnostic system that uses the proposed algorithm to compare the reference gate-driving signal with the actual output voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI). This article presents different failure scenarios of the inverter and demonstrates the capability to be applied to other components, such as brakes and motors. To validate the proposed technique, the necessary algorithm calculations, simulation, and laboratory prototype results are provided. The proposed work is proven accurate with fast response in healthy and faulty conditions.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 3","pages":"196-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3252088
R. Selvakumar;K. Venkatalakshmi
This article presents a non-convex optimized support vector machine (NCVX OSVM) algorithm for active steering stability of vehicles on a curved road. Initially, we considered a curved road geometrics formulation and designed a time-distributed (TD) model for NCVX OSVM to compute the steering angle 0°–180° at 10 m/s to follow active navigation at the highest curve entry speed. The proposed TD NCVX OSVM is interconnected with three modules. In the first module, formulated NCVX cost functions and Optimized SVM for smooth steering stability. The second module is based on improving faster training time (IFTT) by using the Naive Bayes probabilistic classifier (NBPC). The third module uses an optimized non-convex (NCVX) cost function to reduce the error phenomenon. The performance of these three modules is evaluated by several 100 data points from vehicle onboard sensors. Further, it is pre-processed in the curved road (start, continue, exit) conditions. The decisive of TD-NCVX OSVM design is demonstrated by using experimental learning on FPGA Zynq 7000 processor and programmed with python script. The empirical calculation shows an accuracy of 98.36%. Furthermore, the proposed design predicts an acceptable upper limit for curved steering whenever the vehicle turning speed is greater than 30 mi/h.
{"title":"Time-Distributed Non-Convex Optimized Support Vector Machine for Vehicular Tracking Systems","authors":"R. Selvakumar;K. Venkatalakshmi","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3252088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3252088","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a non-convex optimized support vector machine (NCVX OSVM) algorithm for active steering stability of vehicles on a curved road. Initially, we considered a curved road geometrics formulation and designed a time-distributed (TD) model for NCVX OSVM to compute the steering angle 0°–180° at 10 m/s to follow active navigation at the highest curve entry speed. The proposed TD NCVX OSVM is interconnected with three modules. In the first module, formulated NCVX cost functions and Optimized SVM for smooth steering stability. The second module is based on improving faster training time (IFTT) by using the Naive Bayes probabilistic classifier (NBPC). The third module uses an optimized non-convex (NCVX) cost function to reduce the error phenomenon. The performance of these three modules is evaluated by several 100 data points from vehicle onboard sensors. Further, it is pre-processed in the curved road (start, continue, exit) conditions. The decisive of TD-NCVX OSVM design is demonstrated by using experimental learning on FPGA Zynq 7000 processor and programmed with python script. The empirical calculation shows an accuracy of 98.36%. Furthermore, the proposed design predicts an acceptable upper limit for curved steering whenever the vehicle turning speed is greater than 30 mi/h.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 2","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68017010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3260830
Dileep Sivaraman;Songpol Ongwattanakul;Jackrit Suthakorn;Branesh M. Pillai
In motion-control applications, noise and dynamic nonlinearities influence the performance of control systems and lead to unpredictable disturbances. The dc servo motors used in motion control applications should have precise control methods to achieve the desired responses. Therefore, predicting and compensating for the disturbance are essential for increasing system robustness and achieving high precision and fast reaction. This article introduces the polynomial predictive filtering (PPF) method to estimate the states of a system using polynomial extrapolation of consecutive and evenly spaced sensor data. Acceleration-/torque-based experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and viability of the proposed method. The difference between the real-time sensor data and the PPF-based predicted value shows a standard deviation of less than 0.15 and $1 times 10^{-5}$ for the velocity and disturbance torque, respectively.
{"title":"Nonlinear Dynamic States’ Estimation and Prediction Using Polynomial Predictive Modeling","authors":"Dileep Sivaraman;Songpol Ongwattanakul;Jackrit Suthakorn;Branesh M. Pillai","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3260830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2023.3260830","url":null,"abstract":"In motion-control applications, noise and dynamic nonlinearities influence the performance of control systems and lead to unpredictable disturbances. The dc servo motors used in motion control applications should have precise control methods to achieve the desired responses. Therefore, predicting and compensating for the disturbance are essential for increasing system robustness and achieving high precision and fast reaction. This article introduces the polynomial predictive filtering (PPF) method to estimate the states of a system using polynomial extrapolation of consecutive and evenly spaced sensor data. Acceleration-/torque-based experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and viability of the proposed method. The difference between the real-time sensor data and the PPF-based predicted value shows a standard deviation of less than 0.15 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1 times 10^{-5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for the velocity and disturbance torque, respectively.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"46 3","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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