Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3542062
Nagasekhara Reddy Naguru
The objective of this work is to compare the performances of online and offline wide-area control system designs by considering the limited number of generators. The design of the controller feedback gain matrix in both techniques is achieved by the state feedback control technique. Both designs are implemented with a limited number of generators. However, the required structure of the feedback gain matrix in offline mode can be accomplished by using the structurally constrained H2-norm optimization. On the other hand, the required gain matrix in online mode can be designed with the help of a real-time control input matrix, right and left eigenvectors. The phasor measurement units (PMUs) data is used in both designs. Both the state vector and the feedback gain matrix are computed in real-time in online mode. Whereas in offline mode, only the state vector is obtained from PMU measurements and the feedback gain matrix can be designed with the help of available offline data of a particular test system. The merits and demerits of both designs are explained in detail by considering different aspects. The comparison of the performances of both designs is illustrated in MATLAB/Simulink environment by considering the IEEE-68 bus test system.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of an Online and Offline Wide-Area Control System With Limited Generators","authors":"Nagasekhara Reddy Naguru","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3542062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3542062","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to compare the performances of online and offline wide-area control system designs by considering the limited number of generators. The design of the controller feedback gain matrix in both techniques is achieved by the state feedback control technique. Both designs are implemented with a limited number of generators. However, the required structure of the feedback gain matrix in offline mode can be accomplished by using the structurally constrained H2-norm optimization. On the other hand, the required gain matrix in online mode can be designed with the help of a real-time control input matrix, right and left eigenvectors. The phasor measurement units (PMUs) data is used in both designs. Both the state vector and the feedback gain matrix are computed in real-time in online mode. Whereas in offline mode, only the state vector is obtained from PMU measurements and the feedback gain matrix can be designed with the help of available offline data of a particular test system. The merits and demerits of both designs are explained in detail by considering different aspects. The comparison of the performances of both designs is illustrated in MATLAB/Simulink environment by considering the IEEE-68 bus test system.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 2","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3539782
Madasu Venkateswara Rao;Arif Mawardi Ismail;Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin;Shehab Khan Noor;Mohamed Nasrun Osman;NA Abd Rahman;Jagannath Malik;S. Yuvaraj
Designing planar antenna with orbital angular momentum (OAM) radiation beam is quite challenging. Adding mode configurability in the OAM antenna further increases the complexity for practical realization. This article presents a novel modified single-fed uniform circular array (UCA) antenna capable of generating three OAM modes (l = −1, +1, and 0). These modes can be controlled electronically using three p-i-n diodes in real-time. A series-fed network with eight circularly polarized (CP) patches generates −1 and +1 OAM modes depending on two possible ways of excitation (i.e., clockwise or counterclockwise). Two-element linearly polarized (LP) array placed at the center of the UCA antenna generates l = 0 OAM mode. The CP elements are rotated sequentially along a circle maintaining 45◦ between two consecutive elements to obtain the desired phase excitation. The final optimized antenna was fabricated on an FR4 substrate with the p-i-n diode switches. The experimental results show that the proposed UCA antenna successfully generates the desired OAM modes at 6 GHz. The proposed concept offers simple OAM mode reconfigurability and can be scaled to operate at other frequencies, making it advantageous for various vehicular and wireless communication applications. Résumé—La conception d’une antenne planaire avec un faisceau de rayonnement à moment angulaire orbital (MAO) est un véritable défi. L’ajout d’un mode configurable dans l’antenne à MAO augmente encore la complexité de la réalisation pratique. Cet article présente une nouvelle antenne réseau circulaire uniforme (UCA) modifiée à alimentation unique capable de générer trois MAO (l = −1, +1, et 0). Ces modes peuvent être contrôlés électroniquement à l’aide de trois diodes pin en temps réel. Un réseau alimenté en série avec huit patchs à polarisation circulaire (PC) génère des modes MAO −1 et +1 selon deux modes d’excitation possibles (c’est-à-dire dans le sens des aiguilles d’une montre ou dans le sens inverse). Un réseau à deux éléments à polarisation linéaire (PL) placé au centre de l’antenne UCA génère un mode MAO l = 0. Les éléments PC sont tournés séquentiellement le long d’un cercle en maintenant 45◦ entre deux éléments consécutifs pour obtenir l’excitation de phase souhaitée. L’antenne optimisée finale a été fabriquée sur un substrat FR4 avec des commutateurs à diode pin. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que l’antenne UCA proposée génère avec succès les MAO souhaités à 6 GHz. Le concept proposé offre une reconfiguration simple des MAO et peut être adapté pour fonctionner à d’autres fréquences, ce qui le rend avantageux pour diverses applications de communication véhiculaire et sans fil.
轨道角动量辐射波束平面天线的设计是一个具有挑战性的课题。在OAM天线中加入模式可配置性进一步增加了实际实现的复杂性。本文提出了一种新型的改进单馈均匀圆阵列（UCA）天线，能够产生三种OAM模式（l =−1，+1和0）。这些模式可以通过三个p-i-n二极管实时控制。具有八个圆极化（CP）补丁的串联馈电网络根据两种可能的激励方式（即顺时针或逆时针）产生−1和+1 OAM模式。放置在UCA天线中心的两元线极化（LP）阵列产生l = 0 OAM模式。CP元件沿圆周依次旋转，在两个连续元件之间保持45°，以获得所需的相位激励。优化后的天线在带有p-i-n二极管开关的FR4衬底上制作。实验结果表明，所提出的UCA天线在6ghz频段成功地产生了理想的OAM模式。提出的概念提供了简单的OAM模式可重构性，并且可以扩展到其他频率，使其有利于各种车辆和无线通信应用。rsamsamac - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -L ' about d 'un mode configurationdans L ' tenne () o ' augmente encore la complexitlede la remacationationpratique。这篇文章描述了一种新型的、改进的、具有独特能力的、具有3个MAO （l =−1,+1，等0）的天线式（unvelle天线式）的天线式（unvelle天线式）的天线式（UCA）。这两种模式防止être contrôlés 电子交换器与电子交换器与电子交换器的交换。在极化循环（PC）中，有两种激发可能的模式（c 'est -à-dire dans le sens des aiguilles d 'une montre ou dans le sens inverse）。联合国网格两个元素分化线性(PL)盟中心de l 'antenne UCA genere联合国模式毛l = 0。lessamlsamlquentiement le long d 'un cycle en maintenant 45 ? entre deux samlsamssamquentielement le long d 'un cycle en maintenant 45 ? entre deux samlsamtments consamcutifs pour obtenir l 'excitation de phase souhaitsame。L ' tenne optimissame finale a samtest织物samriqusame sur on基材FR4 avec commataturs -二极管pin。在此基础上，UCA提出了一种新的方法，即：将cima的数据与cima的数据进行比较，将cima的数据与cima的数据进行比较。我们提出的概念提供了一种简单的重新配置，如modis和modis être，它可以适应modis和modis、modis和modis、modis和modis、modis和modis、modis和modis等多种通信应用。
{"title":"Novel Switched Mode OAM Beam Generation Using Series-Fed UCA Antenna for AAVs Nouvelle génération de faisceau MAO en mode commutéà l’aide d’une antenne UCA alimentée en série pour les AAVs","authors":"Madasu Venkateswara Rao;Arif Mawardi Ismail;Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin;Shehab Khan Noor;Mohamed Nasrun Osman;NA Abd Rahman;Jagannath Malik;S. Yuvaraj","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3539782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3539782","url":null,"abstract":"Designing planar antenna with orbital angular momentum (OAM) radiation beam is quite challenging. Adding mode configurability in the OAM antenna further increases the complexity for practical realization. This article presents a novel modified single-fed uniform circular array (UCA) antenna capable of generating three OAM modes (l = −1, +1, and 0). These modes can be controlled electronically using three p-i-n diodes in real-time. A series-fed network with eight circularly polarized (CP) patches generates −1 and +1 OAM modes depending on two possible ways of excitation (i.e., clockwise or counterclockwise). Two-element linearly polarized (LP) array placed at the center of the UCA antenna generates l = 0 OAM mode. The CP elements are rotated sequentially along a circle maintaining 45◦ between two consecutive elements to obtain the desired phase excitation. The final optimized antenna was fabricated on an FR4 substrate with the p-i-n diode switches. The experimental results show that the proposed UCA antenna successfully generates the desired OAM modes at 6 GHz. The proposed concept offers simple OAM mode reconfigurability and can be scaled to operate at other frequencies, making it advantageous for various vehicular and wireless communication applications. Résumé—La conception d’une antenne planaire avec un faisceau de rayonnement à moment angulaire orbital (MAO) est un véritable défi. L’ajout d’un mode configurable dans l’antenne à MAO augmente encore la complexité de la réalisation pratique. Cet article présente une nouvelle antenne réseau circulaire uniforme (UCA) modifiée à alimentation unique capable de générer trois MAO (l = −1, +1, et 0). Ces modes peuvent être contrôlés électroniquement à l’aide de trois diodes pin en temps réel. Un réseau alimenté en série avec huit patchs à polarisation circulaire (PC) génère des modes MAO −1 et +1 selon deux modes d’excitation possibles (c’est-à-dire dans le sens des aiguilles d’une montre ou dans le sens inverse). Un réseau à deux éléments à polarisation linéaire (PL) placé au centre de l’antenne UCA génère un mode MAO l = 0. Les éléments PC sont tournés séquentiellement le long d’un cercle en maintenant 45◦ entre deux éléments consécutifs pour obtenir l’excitation de phase souhaitée. L’antenne optimisée finale a été fabriquée sur un substrat FR4 avec des commutateurs à diode pin. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que l’antenne UCA proposée génère avec succès les MAO souhaités à 6 GHz. Le concept proposé offre une reconfiguration simple des MAO et peut être adapté pour fonctionner à d’autres fréquences, ce qui le rend avantageux pour diverses applications de communication véhiculaire et sans fil.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 2","pages":"60-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we propose a joint force control framework for the stable motion of a humanoid biped robot. In motion planning, nonlinear centroid dynamics is used to generate gait on uneven terrain, which overcomes the limitation of a linear inverted pendulum (IP) model on centroid height. The motion control layer combines multipriority inverse kinematics (MPIK) and multipriority dynamic control (MPDC). The MPIK uses a multipriority inverse kinematics numerical iteration algorithm to calculate joint position command. The MPDC uses a multipriority iterative optimization method based on the task-space dynamics model on the forward path, which does not need preallocation or preoptimization of contact force, does not explicitly control the movement of center of mass (CoM), and tries its best to complete high-priority tasks. Finally, a stable joint compliance force control framework is built, and the introduction of kinematic error information ensures the accurate position tracking of the force control system. The results show that the control strategy completes the task of climbing stairs well and shows a certain antidisturbance ability in standing still and variable speed walking. The maximum disturbance in the sagittal plane can reach 50 N·s (achieved solely by adjusting the position of the pressure center and without using the step stability strategy).
{"title":"Joint Compliance Control of Biped Robot Considering Position Tracking and Task Priority","authors":"Sheng Dong;Feihu Fan;Jingchao Li;Jianrui Zhang;Yinuo Chen","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3542792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3542792","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we propose a joint force control framework for the stable motion of a humanoid biped robot. In motion planning, nonlinear centroid dynamics is used to generate gait on uneven terrain, which overcomes the limitation of a linear inverted pendulum (IP) model on centroid height. The motion control layer combines multipriority inverse kinematics (MPIK) and multipriority dynamic control (MPDC). The MPIK uses a multipriority inverse kinematics numerical iteration algorithm to calculate joint position command. The MPDC uses a multipriority iterative optimization method based on the task-space dynamics model on the forward path, which does not need preallocation or preoptimization of contact force, does not explicitly control the movement of center of mass (CoM), and tries its best to complete high-priority tasks. Finally, a stable joint compliance force control framework is built, and the introduction of kinematic error information ensures the accurate position tracking of the force control system. The results show that the control strategy completes the task of climbing stairs well and shows a certain antidisturbance ability in standing still and variable speed walking. The maximum disturbance in the sagittal plane can reach 50 N·s (achieved solely by adjusting the position of the pressure center and without using the step stability strategy).","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 2","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3562971
Ashok Chandrasekaran;N. Venkateswaran
The design of a sparse sampler for effective coarray-domain processing of underdetermined direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is of prime research interest. Toward this, several sparse samplers have been proposed, among which co-prime samplers have garnered significant attention due to their closed-form expression for sampler element positioning and minimal susceptibility to mutual coupling effects. In this article, an enhanced co-prime sampler (ECPS) is proposed by concatenating the two operations on subsamplers, involving the scaling of one subsampler and shifting of another subsampler within the hold of the co-prime property. The proposed ECPS offers several advantages over existing samplers, including increased consecutive lags, reduced holes in the difference coarray, larger physical aperture, enhanced sparsity, and reduced susceptibility to mutual coupling effects. These improvements lead to high consecutive degrees-of-freedom (cDOF) in detecting more targets than the number of physical elements in the sampler with high estimation accuracy. The superiority and efficacy of the proposed ECPS are analyzed and validated with several simulation studies.
{"title":"An Enhanced Co-Prime Sampler for Effective Coarray-Domain Processing of Underdetermined Direction-of-Arrival Estimation","authors":"Ashok Chandrasekaran;N. Venkateswaran","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3562971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3562971","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a sparse sampler for effective coarray-domain processing of underdetermined direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is of prime research interest. Toward this, several sparse samplers have been proposed, among which co-prime samplers have garnered significant attention due to their closed-form expression for sampler element positioning and minimal susceptibility to mutual coupling effects. In this article, an enhanced co-prime sampler (ECPS) is proposed by concatenating the two operations on subsamplers, involving the scaling of one subsampler and shifting of another subsampler within the hold of the co-prime property. The proposed ECPS offers several advantages over existing samplers, including increased consecutive lags, reduced holes in the difference coarray, larger physical aperture, enhanced sparsity, and reduced susceptibility to mutual coupling effects. These improvements lead to high consecutive degrees-of-freedom (cDOF) in detecting more targets than the number of physical elements in the sampler with high estimation accuracy. The superiority and efficacy of the proposed ECPS are analyzed and validated with several simulation studies.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 2","pages":"124-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3561698
Zhibin Bao;Haoxiang Lang;Xianke Lin
High-definition (HD) maps play an important role in autonomous driving by providing vehicles with localization functionality, environmental information, and support its mission and motion planning. In an HD map, road network extraction/annotation is a crucial feature that helps the autonomous vehicle navigate and keeps it within the safe driving zone. While road network extraction traditionally focuses on motorways and their boundaries, the emergence of small-scale autonomous vehicles, such as delivery and service robots, has shifted attention to sidewalks. Sidewalks are critical for safe and efficient navigation in residential and urban areas, yet automated methods for sidewalk extraction remain underexplored. To address this gap, this article proposes a sidewalk extraction method on aerial images using deep learning with the transfer learning technique. A path-planning algorithm-based refinement method is also proposed to further refine the extracted sidewalk. The proposed method can precisely extract sidewalks from aerial photographs and fix sidewalk discontinuity issues caused by occlusions. A sidewalk dataset is also explicitly designed for sidewalk extraction and semantic segmentation research. This article’s work is meant to fill the sidewalk extraction gap for road network extraction.
{"title":"Sidewalk Extraction on Aerial Images With Deep Learning and Path Planning Algorithm Extraction de trottoirs à partir d’images aériennes à l’aide de l’apprentissage profond et d’un algorithme de planification de trajectoire","authors":"Zhibin Bao;Haoxiang Lang;Xianke Lin","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3561698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3561698","url":null,"abstract":"High-definition (HD) maps play an important role in autonomous driving by providing vehicles with localization functionality, environmental information, and support its mission and motion planning. In an HD map, road network extraction/annotation is a crucial feature that helps the autonomous vehicle navigate and keeps it within the safe driving zone. While road network extraction traditionally focuses on motorways and their boundaries, the emergence of small-scale autonomous vehicles, such as delivery and service robots, has shifted attention to sidewalks. Sidewalks are critical for safe and efficient navigation in residential and urban areas, yet automated methods for sidewalk extraction remain underexplored. To address this gap, this article proposes a sidewalk extraction method on aerial images using deep learning with the transfer learning technique. A path-planning algorithm-based refinement method is also proposed to further refine the extracted sidewalk. The proposed method can precisely extract sidewalks from aerial photographs and fix sidewalk discontinuity issues caused by occlusions. A sidewalk dataset is also explicitly designed for sidewalk extraction and semantic segmentation research. This article’s work is meant to fill the sidewalk extraction gap for road network extraction.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 2","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3539555
{"title":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3539555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3539555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10931807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3558882
Sevtap Turk
Weather conditions directly affect sectors such as agriculture and transport. With climate change, unpredictability is increasing and traditional calculation methods may not be sufficient. In addition to some statistical methods, machine learning algorithms are also used for weather forecasting. This study attempts to classify precipitation using machine learning algorithms on selected meteorological data. The models used are K-nearest neighbors (KNNs), support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). These models were implemented on four different open-source and free data mining platforms. These platforms are Altair AI Studio (formerly Rapidminer), Knime, Orange, and Weka. The dataset includes parameters such as pressure, temperature, humidity, number of rainy days, cloudiness rate, and year and month information. According to the values of these parameters, the data were classified as less rainy, rainy, and very rainy.
天气状况直接影响农业和运输等部门。随着气候变化，不可预测性正在增加，传统的计算方法可能不够。除了一些统计方法，机器学习算法也被用于天气预报。本研究试图在选定的气象数据上使用机器学习算法对降水进行分类。使用的模型是k近邻（KNNs）、支持向量机（SVM）和多层感知机（MLP）。这些模型在四个不同的开源和免费数据挖掘平台上实现。这些平台包括Altair AI Studio（以前的Rapidminer）、Knime、Orange和Weka。数据集包括压力、温度、湿度、阴雨天数、多云率以及年份和月份信息等参数。根据这些参数的值，将数据分为少雨、多雨和多雨。
{"title":"Rainfall Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms on Data Mining Platforms","authors":"Sevtap Turk","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3558882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2025.3558882","url":null,"abstract":"Weather conditions directly affect sectors such as agriculture and transport. With climate change, unpredictability is increasing and traditional calculation methods may not be sufficient. In addition to some statistical methods, machine learning algorithms are also used for weather forecasting. This study attempts to classify precipitation using machine learning algorithms on selected meteorological data. The models used are K-nearest neighbors (KNNs), support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). These models were implemented on four different open-source and free data mining platforms. These platforms are Altair AI Studio (formerly Rapidminer), Knime, Orange, and Weka. The dataset includes parameters such as pressure, temperature, humidity, number of rainy days, cloudiness rate, and year and month information. According to the values of these parameters, the data were classified as less rainy, rainy, and very rainy.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 2","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3523098
Elagandula Aparna;Gopi Ram;G. Arun Kumar
This work proposes a new approach to design a quadrilateral self-isolated multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration operating for reliable $Ka$ -band communications. The proposed design utilizes a single-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fractal Koch snowflake (FKS) slot antenna array. The main focus is on achieving wideband characteristics and self-isolation among antennas without using any additional isolation circuits. The method is described to obtain the wideband performance of the SIW FKS slot antenna array fed with a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). The radiation performance of single-element and quadrilateral elements is analyzed. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the MIMO antenna elements exhibit a bandwidth of 27.1–32.4 GHz (17.8%) and peak gain of 8.3 dBi at 28 GHz. The achieved isolation levels are greater than 23 dB (simulated) and 20 dB (measured), with a self-isolation structure. Furthermore, this work extended to calculate diversity characteristics of proposed MIMO, such as the envelope correlation coefficient ($text {ECC} lt 0.005$ ), mean effective gain ratio ($text {MEG} lt 1.1$ ), diversity gain ($text {DG}lt 9.9$ dB), and channel capacity loss ($text {CCL}lt 0.3$ bits/s/Hz). These results validate that the proposed MIMO antenna design is performing satisfactorily. The fabricated prototype measurement results are validated with simulation results.
{"title":"A Quadrilateral Self-Isolated Wideband MIMO SIW Fractal Koch Snowflake Slot Antenna Array for Ka-Band Communications","authors":"Elagandula Aparna;Gopi Ram;G. Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3523098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3523098","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a new approach to design a quadrilateral self-isolated multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration operating for reliable <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band communications. The proposed design utilizes a single-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fractal Koch snowflake (FKS) slot antenna array. The main focus is on achieving wideband characteristics and self-isolation among antennas without using any additional isolation circuits. The method is described to obtain the wideband performance of the SIW FKS slot antenna array fed with a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). The radiation performance of single-element and quadrilateral elements is analyzed. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the MIMO antenna elements exhibit a bandwidth of 27.1–32.4 GHz (17.8%) and peak gain of 8.3 dBi at 28 GHz. The achieved isolation levels are greater than 23 dB (simulated) and 20 dB (measured), with a self-isolation structure. Furthermore, this work extended to calculate diversity characteristics of proposed MIMO, such as the envelope correlation coefficient (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {ECC} lt 0.005$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), mean effective gain ratio (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {MEG} lt 1.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), diversity gain (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {DG}lt 9.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB), and channel capacity loss (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {CCL}lt 0.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bits/s/Hz). These results validate that the proposed MIMO antenna design is performing satisfactorily. The fabricated prototype measurement results are validated with simulation results.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs) in power grids, developing appropriate models for power system planning is of great importance. This article proposes a novel gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm-based transmission expansion planning (TEP) method considering renewable energy sources and EVs and evaluates the performance of alternating current power flow (ACPF) and direct current power flow (DCPF) models in the TEP problem in terms of accuracy, run-time, and objective functions. The uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources, EVs, and loads are explicitly modeled in this study using probability density functions (pdfs) and the Copula approach. The proposed GWO-based TEP method is validated by case studies using the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) and IEEE 118-bus test system. The ACPF model leads to fewer transmission lines and lower costs than the DCPF model in most scenarios.
{"title":"The Gray Wolf Optimization-Based Transmission Expansion Planning in Renewable-Rich Power Systems","authors":"Mansour Moradi;Hamdi Abdi;Maryam Shahbazitabar;Xiaodong Liang","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3454290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3454290","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs) in power grids, developing appropriate models for power system planning is of great importance. This article proposes a novel gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm-based transmission expansion planning (TEP) method considering renewable energy sources and EVs and evaluates the performance of alternating current power flow (ACPF) and direct current power flow (DCPF) models in the TEP problem in terms of accuracy, run-time, and objective functions. The uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources, EVs, and loads are explicitly modeled in this study using probability density functions (pdfs) and the Copula approach. The proposed GWO-based TEP method is validated by case studies using the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) and IEEE 118-bus test system. The ACPF model leads to fewer transmission lines and lower costs than the DCPF model in most scenarios.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3517416
Asjad Elahi;Mohamed Z. Youssef
A new dual-channel isolated current source gate driver (ICSGD) and its real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation is presented in this article. The proposed technique is well suited for higher power applications that require two galvanically isolated and synchronous gate drive signals. The proposed gate driver can achieve very fast turn-on and turn-off transitions, due to its current mode nature. In addition, this technique can achieve partial gate energy recovery by recovering a part of the rms ($CV^2$ ) energy, which is typically dissipated over the gate drive resistors in voltage source gate driver (VSGD) techniques. The proposed ICSGD provides better control over the gate charging and discharging process as it allows the engineers to carefully time the turn-on/turn-off transitions. It provides superior performance over its VSGD counterparts, especially in high-frequency (HF) operations. The digital implementation of the proposed circuit using Typhoon’s HIL platform proves highly effective for evaluating design reliability and testing design parameters in realtime, enabling comprehensive validation prior to physical implementation. The HIL system is implemented on Typhoon’s HIL402 module. The control algorithm is implemented on a Texas Instruments F28335 digital signal processor (DSP), which is then integrated with the HIL402 module using a Typhoon HIL DSP interface. The model is verified with a match of results from PSIM and Typhoon. The PSIM & HIL results show that the ICSGD achieves a minimum of 20% efficiency improvement.
{"title":"A Novel Dual-Channel Isolated Current Source Gate Driver for High-Frequency MOSFET Operation: With Hardware-in-the-Loop Verification","authors":"Asjad Elahi;Mohamed Z. Youssef","doi":"10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3517416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2024.3517416","url":null,"abstract":"A new dual-channel isolated current source gate driver (ICSGD) and its real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation is presented in this article. The proposed technique is well suited for higher power applications that require two galvanically isolated and synchronous gate drive signals. The proposed gate driver can achieve very fast turn-on and turn-off transitions, due to its current mode nature. In addition, this technique can achieve partial gate energy recovery by recovering a part of the rms (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$CV^2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) energy, which is typically dissipated over the gate drive resistors in voltage source gate driver (VSGD) techniques. The proposed ICSGD provides better control over the gate charging and discharging process as it allows the engineers to carefully time the turn-on/turn-off transitions. It provides superior performance over its VSGD counterparts, especially in high-frequency (HF) operations. The digital implementation of the proposed circuit using Typhoon’s HIL platform proves highly effective for evaluating design reliability and testing design parameters in realtime, enabling comprehensive validation prior to physical implementation. The HIL system is implemented on Typhoon’s HIL402 module. The control algorithm is implemented on a Texas Instruments F28335 digital signal processor (DSP), which is then integrated with the HIL402 module using a Typhoon HIL DSP interface. The model is verified with a match of results from PSIM and Typhoon. The PSIM & HIL results show that the ICSGD achieves a minimum of 20% efficiency improvement.","PeriodicalId":100619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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