Common-ground switched-capacitor-based multilevel inverters are gaining attention due to their low leakage current and increased voltage gain in photovoltaic applications. However, it allows a few redundant switching states while generating multilevel output, where the failure of any switch may cause the whole system to shut down. Therefore, this article proposes a fault-tolerant common-ground-based five-level inverter with static and dynamic boosting features. The capacitors in the circuit are connected across the switching devices to realize static boosting two times and maintain voltage balance in a fundamental switching cycle. Meanwhile, the input-side boost converter helps to dynamically boost the input voltage and minimize the inrush current drawn from the supply. Also, the redundant switches and reconfigured switching strategy make the suggested circuit fault-tolerant. The proposed inverter requires a few switching components to realize multilevel output, voltage boosting, and fault-tolerant operation. A thorough simulation and experimental studies have been conducted to validate the proposed inverter's capabilities during single and multiple switch faults. A detailed reliability analysis and comparative study demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested inverter.
{"title":"A Fault-Tolerant Common-Ground Based Five-Level Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications","authors":"Soniya Agrawal;Sateesh Kumar Kuncham;Manoranjan Sahoo","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3503282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3503282","url":null,"abstract":"Common-ground switched-capacitor-based multilevel inverters are gaining attention due to their low leakage current and increased voltage gain in photovoltaic applications. However, it allows a few redundant switching states while generating multilevel output, where the failure of any switch may cause the whole system to shut down. Therefore, this article proposes a fault-tolerant common-ground-based five-level inverter with static and dynamic boosting features. The capacitors in the circuit are connected across the switching devices to realize static boosting two times and maintain voltage balance in a fundamental switching cycle. Meanwhile, the input-side boost converter helps to dynamically boost the input voltage and minimize the inrush current drawn from the supply. Also, the redundant switches and reconfigured switching strategy make the suggested circuit fault-tolerant. The proposed inverter requires a few switching components to realize multilevel output, voltage boosting, and fault-tolerant operation. A thorough simulation and experimental studies have been conducted to validate the proposed inverter's capabilities during single and multiple switch faults. A detailed reliability analysis and comparative study demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested inverter.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"711-718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3503355
Amritanshu Ruhela;Ankit Kumar Singh;K. A. Chinmaya
This article proposes a novel Boost-SEPIC-based three-port converter (TPC). The converter is developed for a standalone dc microgrid with roof-top solar PV panels in an electric boat (E-boat). The proposed converter is compact and requires a minimum number of components compared to the existing TPCs. It eliminates the need for three different dc–dc converters to charge, discharge the battery, and supply power to the load. A simple control is designed to effectively manage the energy extracted from PV by storing it in a battery and delivering continuous power to the load. The proposed TPC has other advantages, such as complete control over load voltage and low current ripples during the transient period. It can swiftly change among different modes of operation by detecting the load variations, Battery SOC, and PV availability, thereby ensuring continuous power flow towards the load. A front-end boost converter is used for maximum power point tracking. A single control is designed for the entire system to operate in a closed loop. The topology is designed and analyzed using Matlab -SIMULINK environment and validated on a laboratory prototype developed. Continuous power flow to the load in different modes of operation has been presented.
{"title":"A Novel Nonisolated Three-Port DC–DC Converter for Solar PV Integrated E-Boat Applications","authors":"Amritanshu Ruhela;Ankit Kumar Singh;K. A. Chinmaya","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3503355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3503355","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a novel Boost-SEPIC-based three-port converter (TPC). The converter is developed for a standalone dc microgrid with roof-top solar PV panels in an electric boat (E-boat). The proposed converter is compact and requires a minimum number of components compared to the existing TPCs. It eliminates the need for three different dc–dc converters to charge, discharge the battery, and supply power to the load. A simple control is designed to effectively manage the energy extracted from PV by storing it in a battery and delivering continuous power to the load. The proposed TPC has other advantages, such as complete control over load voltage and low current ripples during the transient period. It can swiftly change among different modes of operation by detecting the load variations, Battery SOC, and PV availability, thereby ensuring continuous power flow towards the load. A front-end boost converter is used for maximum power point tracking. A single control is designed for the entire system to operate in a closed loop. The topology is designed and analyzed using \u0000<sc>Matlab</small>\u0000-SIMULINK environment and validated on a laboratory prototype developed. Continuous power flow to the load in different modes of operation has been presented.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 1","pages":"94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3502658
Ameerkhan Abdul Basheer;Jae Hoon Jeong;Seong Ryong Lee;Young Hoon Joo
This study aims to present a cascade-free finite-control-set model predictive control (MPC) strategy for machine-side converter as well as grid-side converter of a large-scale wind turbine system (WTS). The proposed cascade-free MPC is applied to a direct drive (DD) permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to increase its energy output. To do this, a hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method, which is the combination of both the optimum torque MPPT method as well as the tip speed ratio MPPT method, is implemented in the proposed MPC to capture maximum power from the available wind. This proposed MPC controls electromagnetic variables and electrical variables in the same control structure, thus increasing the dynamic responses of the system. Similarly, the active and reactive power control presented in this study is done using the MPC by decoupling the grid currents during the current control. Finally, the control strategy proposed in this study demonstrates its applicability through a numerical example of a DD PMSG-based WTS with power rating, and demonstrates its superiority compared to existing control methods.
{"title":"Power Maximization Using Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control Strategy for Wind Turbine Systems","authors":"Ameerkhan Abdul Basheer;Jae Hoon Jeong;Seong Ryong Lee;Young Hoon Joo","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3502658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3502658","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to present a cascade-free finite-control-set model predictive control (MPC) strategy for machine-side converter as well as grid-side converter of a large-scale wind turbine system (WTS). The proposed cascade-free MPC is applied to a direct drive (DD) permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to increase its energy output. To do this, a hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method, which is the combination of both the optimum torque MPPT method as well as the tip speed ratio MPPT method, is implemented in the proposed MPC to capture maximum power from the available wind. This proposed MPC controls electromagnetic variables and electrical variables in the same control structure, thus increasing the dynamic responses of the system. Similarly, the active and reactive power control presented in this study is done using the MPC by decoupling the grid currents during the current control. Finally, the control strategy proposed in this study demonstrates its applicability through a numerical example of a DD PMSG-based WTS with power rating, and demonstrates its superiority compared to existing control methods.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 1","pages":"238-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3502194
Weihao Dong;Udaya Kumara Madawala
Hybrid compensated inductive power transfer (IPT) systems offer high tolerance to pad misalignments, but achieving maximum efficiency with conventional control strategies still remains challenging, especially under significant variations in mutual inductance ( $M$ ) and output power ( ${{P}_{text{out}}}$ ). This article, therefore, proposes an optimal control strategy, based on all four variables, to maximize the efficiency of hybrid IPT systems regardless of $M$ and ${{P}_{text{out}}}$ variations. Maximum efficiency is realized by meeting optimal conditions, and it involves maximizing the ac–ac efficiency through impedance matching and minimizing converter switching losses through zero-voltage switching. As hybrid IPT systems are complex in nature, these optimal conditions cannot be determined using conventional analytical methods. Hence, this article presents a novel two-step strategy that first numerically derives the optimal conditions and then determines the optimal variables using a numerical algorithm. The proposed numerical strategy is highly versatile, as it avoids cumbersome analytical derivations, overcomes the challenges of high nonlinearity and, more importantly, is applicable to IPT systems with any compensation topologies. The proposed strategy is experimentally validated using a 3-kW hybrid compensated prototype IPT system, benchmarking against traditional control strategies, and results are presented to demonstrate how higher efficiency can be achieved compared to traditional strategies under variations in $M$ , ${{P}_{text{out}}}$ , and output–input dc voltage ratios.
{"title":"Maximizing Efficiency of Hybrid Compensated Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) Systems Under Load and Coupling Variations","authors":"Weihao Dong;Udaya Kumara Madawala","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3502194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3502194","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid compensated inductive power transfer (IPT) systems offer high tolerance to pad misalignments, but achieving maximum efficiency with conventional control strategies still remains challenging, especially under significant variations in mutual inductance (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$M$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) and output power (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${{P}_{text{out}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000). This article, therefore, proposes an optimal control strategy, based on all four variables, to maximize the efficiency of hybrid IPT systems regardless of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$M$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${{P}_{text{out}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 variations. Maximum efficiency is realized by meeting optimal conditions, and it involves maximizing the ac–ac efficiency through impedance matching and minimizing converter switching losses through zero-voltage switching. As hybrid IPT systems are complex in nature, these optimal conditions cannot be determined using conventional analytical methods. Hence, this article presents a novel two-step strategy that first numerically derives the optimal conditions and then determines the optimal variables using a numerical algorithm. The proposed numerical strategy is highly versatile, as it avoids cumbersome analytical derivations, overcomes the challenges of high nonlinearity and, more importantly, is applicable to IPT systems with any compensation topologies. The proposed strategy is experimentally validated using a 3-kW hybrid compensated prototype IPT system, benchmarking against traditional control strategies, and results are presented to demonstrate how higher efficiency can be achieved compared to traditional strategies under variations in \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$M$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${{P}_{text{out}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and output–input dc voltage ratios.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3496354
Amal C Sunny;Dipankar Debnath;Kashem M. Muttaqi;Danny Sutanto
Solar-powered systems with energy storage are promising energy solutions for rural areas lacking conventional grid infrastructure. The desirable features of such a system are lower device counts, continuous current ports for solar and battery, better power conversion efficiency, voltage boosting, maximum power point tracking, charge control of the battery, voltage regulation, and isolation. The existing schemes possess only some of these features. This article addresses this concern by proposing a two-stage stand-alone system with solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery. The main contribution of this article is a two-stage system consisting of a novel high-frequency transformer integrated three-port dc–dc converter (TPC) as the first stage, followed by an inverter to supply the ac loads. The operation of the proposed TPC is analyzed under different switching states with circuit diagrams and waveforms, and a control scheme is devised for the system to operate under different modes for seamless mode shifts. Further, selection guidelines for various components of the complete system are provided. The proposed stand-alone solution is validated through detailed analysis and experimental study on a 400 W prototype. The results demonstrate that the proposed system is superior to the currently available schemes.
{"title":"A High-Frequency Transformer Integrated Three-Port Converter-Based Stand-Alone Home Energy System","authors":"Amal C Sunny;Dipankar Debnath;Kashem M. Muttaqi;Danny Sutanto","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3496354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3496354","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-powered systems with energy storage are promising energy solutions for rural areas lacking conventional grid infrastructure. The desirable features of such a system are lower device counts, continuous current ports for solar and battery, better power conversion efficiency, voltage boosting, maximum power point tracking, charge control of the battery, voltage regulation, and isolation. The existing schemes possess only some of these features. This article addresses this concern by proposing a two-stage stand-alone system with solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery. The main contribution of this article is a two-stage system consisting of a novel high-frequency transformer integrated three-port dc–dc converter (TPC) as the first stage, followed by an inverter to supply the ac loads. The operation of the proposed TPC is analyzed under different switching states with circuit diagrams and waveforms, and a control scheme is devised for the system to operate under different modes for seamless mode shifts. Further, selection guidelines for various components of the complete system are provided. The proposed stand-alone solution is validated through detailed analysis and experimental study on a 400 W prototype. The results demonstrate that the proposed system is superior to the currently available schemes.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"743-753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single-stage onboard chargers (SSOBCs) are increasingly gaining attention because of their high power density and reliability. However, achieving high efficiency within a wide operating range while maintaining the unity power factor (PF) remains unsolved due to the single-stage structure. The difficulty is twofold. First, the full-range zero-voltage switching (ZVS) achievement at a wide operating range is challenging, which causes high switching loss. Second, sinusoidal input voltage leads to a high inductor current, which increases conduction loss. To address the aforementioned issues, this article presents an adaptive sinusoidal extended phase shift (ASEPS) modulation technique with a high PF for SSOBCs to minimize power loss and increase efficiency. First, aiming to minimize the switching loss, the proposed extended phase shift introduces one more degree of freedom in the secondary bridge to extend the ZVS technique range and flexibility, especially at a wide operating range. Then, combined with the ZVS condition, the minimal peak current optimization is presented to minimize the inductor current, which reduces conduction loss. Experimental results in a 6-kW silicon carbide-based SSOBC prototype verify that the proposed ASEPS technique increases efficiency by 1.7% compared to the existing pulsewidth modulation and by 0.6% compared to the nonextended modulation strategy.
{"title":"A Novel Sinusoidal Extended Phase Shift Modulation With Minimal Loss for Single-Stage Onboard Chargers for Electrical Vehicles","authors":"Jiaqi Yuan;Amirreza Poorfakhraei;Yizhi Zhang;Gaoliang Fang;Ali Emadi","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3495665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3495665","url":null,"abstract":"Single-stage onboard chargers (SSOBCs) are increasingly gaining attention because of their high power density and reliability. However, achieving high efficiency within a wide operating range while maintaining the unity power factor (PF) remains unsolved due to the single-stage structure. The difficulty is twofold. First, the full-range zero-voltage switching (ZVS) achievement at a wide operating range is challenging, which causes high switching loss. Second, sinusoidal input voltage leads to a high inductor current, which increases conduction loss. To address the aforementioned issues, this article presents an adaptive sinusoidal extended phase shift (ASEPS) modulation technique with a high PF for SSOBCs to minimize power loss and increase efficiency. First, aiming to minimize the switching loss, the proposed extended phase shift introduces one more degree of freedom in the secondary bridge to extend the ZVS technique range and flexibility, especially at a wide operating range. Then, combined with the ZVS condition, the minimal peak current optimization is presented to minimize the inductor current, which reduces conduction loss. Experimental results in a 6-kW silicon carbide-based SSOBC prototype verify that the proposed ASEPS technique increases efficiency by 1.7% compared to the existing pulsewidth modulation and by 0.6% compared to the nonextended modulation strategy.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"574-584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3496392
Hafiz Muhammad Fahim Younis;Ashraf Ali Khan
This article introduces a novel bipolar ac/dc converter designed for dc applications. The proposed converter transforms an input ac voltage into two independent dc output voltages while maintaining a unity power factor. The output dc voltages can be higher or lower than the input ac voltage, allowing the converter to operate across a wide range of input or output voltages. The converter utilizes four active switches; however, only one operates at high frequency at a time, while two others operate at line frequency. The proposed converter features simple operation and shares a common ground between the input ac and output dc, enhancing the reliability of the power conversion system. A detailed analysis of the converter is provided, along with the development of control strategies. Simulation results, followed by experimental findings from a 550-W hardware prototype, are presented to verify the functionality and effectiveness of the proposed converter for dc applications.
{"title":"Single-Stage Buck–Boost Bipolar Three Terminals Output AC/DC Power Converter","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Fahim Younis;Ashraf Ali Khan","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3496392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3496392","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a novel bipolar ac/dc converter designed for dc applications. The proposed converter transforms an input ac voltage into two independent dc output voltages while maintaining a unity power factor. The output dc voltages can be higher or lower than the input ac voltage, allowing the converter to operate across a wide range of input or output voltages. The converter utilizes four active switches; however, only one operates at high frequency at a time, while two others operate at line frequency. The proposed converter features simple operation and shares a common ground between the input ac and output dc, enhancing the reliability of the power conversion system. A detailed analysis of the converter is provided, along with the development of control strategies. Simulation results, followed by experimental findings from a 550-W hardware prototype, are presented to verify the functionality and effectiveness of the proposed converter for dc applications.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"837-848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article computes the cogging torque in an asymmetrical 36-slot 4-pole interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine designed for high torque density and transportation applications. Cogging torque causes acoustic noise and vibration. Therefore, it is important to know the value of cogging torque in the asymmetrical IPM machine. The cogging torque of the asymmetrical permanent magnet machine is computed based on a Fourier series expansion of air gap flux density in an equivalent slot-less IPM machine and relative air gap permeance function. The flux distribution of the asymmetrical IPM machine is computed using an equivalent lumped magnetic circuit based on flux distribution obtained using the finite-element analysis (FEA) method. The computed flux distribution follows the FEA results and thus the lumped magnetic circuit is validated. Then, the cogging torque of the asymmetrical IPM machine is derived. The Fourier coefficients of the flux distribution and relative air gap permeance in the asymmetrical IPM machine are analyzed and used to compute the cogging torque and compared to the FEA results. The computed cogging torque follows the FEA results and thus the newly derived cogging torque is justified by FEA and measurement. The FFT of the cogging torque is analyzed. Skewing technique is used to minimize cogging torque.
{"title":"Cogging Torque Computation in an Asymmetrical Interior Permanent Magnet Machine for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Dwaipayan Barman;Subhendu Bikash Santra;Debashis Chatterjee;Rakesh Palisetty;Pragasen Pillay","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3494594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3494594","url":null,"abstract":"This article computes the cogging torque in an asymmetrical 36-slot 4-pole interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine designed for high torque density and transportation applications. Cogging torque causes acoustic noise and vibration. Therefore, it is important to know the value of cogging torque in the asymmetrical IPM machine. The cogging torque of the asymmetrical permanent magnet machine is computed based on a Fourier series expansion of air gap flux density in an equivalent slot-less IPM machine and relative air gap permeance function. The flux distribution of the asymmetrical IPM machine is computed using an equivalent lumped magnetic circuit based on flux distribution obtained using the finite-element analysis (FEA) method. The computed flux distribution follows the FEA results and thus the lumped magnetic circuit is validated. Then, the cogging torque of the asymmetrical IPM machine is derived. The Fourier coefficients of the flux distribution and relative air gap permeance in the asymmetrical IPM machine are analyzed and used to compute the cogging torque and compared to the FEA results. The computed cogging torque follows the FEA results and thus the newly derived cogging torque is justified by FEA and measurement. The FFT of the cogging torque is analyzed. Skewing technique is used to minimize cogging torque.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"877-887"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An onboard charger segment is currently dominated by two-stage charger designs, which suffer from drawbacks such as large size, low efficiency due to a high component count, elevated cost, and intricate controller requirements. To address these challenges, this work explores the implementation of an isolated bridgeless version of a modified single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC). This innovative approach aims to develop a single-stage, high-power factor battery charger tailored for light electric vehicles (LEVs). In addition to achieving high power factor operation, maintaining continuous input and output currents, and enabling high voltage conversion ratios, this charger utilizing modified SEPIC converter is specifically engineered to alleviate voltage stress on power switches within the converter circuit. This charger operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), offering several notable advantages. These include inherent power factor correction capability, reduced control effort, minimized size of magnetic components, and fewer sensors, ultimately leading to a significant reduction in overall implementation cost. This article aims to validate charger's operation, elaborate on design of its components, outline control algorithm design, and demonstrate performance of both components and control logic through test results from hardware prototype developed, for a power level of 500 W.
{"title":"Design of Single-Stage Light Electric Vehicles Battery Charger Based on Isolated Bridgeless Modified SEPIC Converter With Reduced Switch Stress","authors":"Alakshyender Singh;Aswin Dilip Kumar;Jitendra Gupta;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3491336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3491336","url":null,"abstract":"An onboard charger segment is currently dominated by two-stage charger designs, which suffer from drawbacks such as large size, low efficiency due to a high component count, elevated cost, and intricate controller requirements. To address these challenges, this work explores the implementation of an isolated bridgeless version of a modified single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC). This innovative approach aims to develop a single-stage, high-power factor battery charger tailored for light electric vehicles (LEVs). In addition to achieving high power factor operation, maintaining continuous input and output currents, and enabling high voltage conversion ratios, this charger utilizing modified SEPIC converter is specifically engineered to alleviate voltage stress on power switches within the converter circuit. This charger operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), offering several notable advantages. These include inherent power factor correction capability, reduced control effort, minimized size of magnetic components, and fewer sensors, ultimately leading to a significant reduction in overall implementation cost. This article aims to validate charger's operation, elaborate on design of its components, outline control algorithm design, and demonstrate performance of both components and control logic through test results from hardware prototype developed, for a power level of 500 W.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 1","pages":"82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we establish the theoretical foundations of virtualization in power grids, emphasizing its benefits and addressing future challenges. The studies present pioneering results from virtualized control applications implemented in digital substation environments and full-scale grid-forming converters, all deployed in real-world scenarios and full-scale power hardware in the loop setups. This work, resulting from a substantial collaboration between industry leaders and utility providers, underscoring the practical feasibility and transformative potential of virtualization in power grids. The development and integration of these virtualized control applications highlight their scalability, practicality, multivendor interoperability, real-time grid management, and enhanced cybersecurity within power grids. The insights and lessons learned from these efforts provide a comprehensive framework and pave the way for future advancements in power grids and virtualization.
{"title":"Virtualization in Power Grids: Foundations, Real-World Deployments, and Future Pathways","authors":"Dimitrios Tzelepis;Angelos Patsidis;Dimitris Trakas;Iñigo Ferrero Fuente;Dheerendra Panwar;Lalit Lopez;Anastasios Rousis","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3483708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3483708","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we establish the theoretical foundations of virtualization in power grids, emphasizing its benefits and addressing future challenges. The studies present pioneering results from virtualized control applications implemented in digital substation environments and full-scale grid-forming converters, all deployed in real-world scenarios and full-scale power hardware in the loop setups. This work, resulting from a substantial collaboration between industry leaders and utility providers, underscoring the practical feasibility and transformative potential of virtualization in power grids. The development and integration of these virtualized control applications highlight their scalability, practicality, multivendor interoperability, real-time grid management, and enhanced cybersecurity within power grids. The insights and lessons learned from these efforts provide a comprehensive framework and pave the way for future advancements in power grids and virtualization.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"547-561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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