Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3555669
Yilin Shi;Zukui Li;Bo Yang
Data-driven fault diagnosis is a critical component of industrial process monitoring. To more effectively capture the temporal relationships within multisensor data and the spatial relationships among sensors, this article proposed a feature representation and fusion method for fault diagnosis in complex industrial processes. First, a Gramian angular field method with temporal weighting is developed to convert process time series signals into image sequences, where each subimage is assigned corresponding temporal weights. Subsequently, features are represented from each sensor's image sequence, and a spatial-weighted multichannel convolutional neural network is employed to fuse these features and generate new feature embeddings. Finally, a fault diagnosis model is jointly trained to optimize and balance the weight loss across multiple channels. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by utilizing the Tennessee–Eastman process and vinyl acetate monomer process, showing significant enhancements in fault diagnosis accuracy and reliability compared to other similar methods.
{"title":"A Multisensor Feature Representation and Fusion Method for Data-Driven Industrial Process Fault Diagnosis","authors":"Yilin Shi;Zukui Li;Bo Yang","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3555669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3555669","url":null,"abstract":"Data-driven fault diagnosis is a critical component of industrial process monitoring. To more effectively capture the temporal relationships within multisensor data and the spatial relationships among sensors, this article proposed a feature representation and fusion method for fault diagnosis in complex industrial processes. First, a Gramian angular field method with temporal weighting is developed to convert process time series signals into image sequences, where each subimage is assigned corresponding temporal weights. Subsequently, features are represented from each sensor's image sequence, and a spatial-weighted multichannel convolutional neural network is employed to fuse these features and generate new feature embeddings. Finally, a fault diagnosis model is jointly trained to optimize and balance the weight loss across multiple channels. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by utilizing the Tennessee–Eastman process and vinyl acetate monomer process, showing significant enhancements in fault diagnosis accuracy and reliability compared to other similar methods.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 4","pages":"1799-1807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3555499
Jared Paull;Hengyu Li;Liwei Wang;Wei Li
Real-time (RT) electromagnetic transient simulation is growing in popularity for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation of physical hardware devices. This article proposes a variable-step high-order RT exponential integrator (RTEI) algorithm that is well suited for HIL studies, particularly for controller HIL studies with digital controllers. The RTEI algorithm relies on the precomputation of matrix exponentials to offload runtime complexity. The RTEI algorithm works at each intracontrol cycle and aims to only recalculate system states at switching events. The proposed solver flexibly adapts the number of forcing function terms to achieve high accuracy with a minimum number of computed points. The proposed algorithm is L-stable, making it generally applicable to power electronic systems. A case study validates the accuracy of the proposed algorithm by comparing it with hardware experimental results. Further case studies benchmark the computational efficiency of the proposed solver with a fixed-step Trapezoidal rule-backward Euler solver (TR-BE), ART5, and an existing discrete hybrid time-step (DHT) algorithm. It is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves over 10-fold and 2-fold efficiency increases in TR-BE and DHT, respectively. The advantages of the proposed algorithm lie in both efficiency increases for general circuit topologies and the stability of the algorithm in the presence of high network stiffness.
{"title":"High-Order Exponential Integrator Algorithm for Real-Time Simulation of Power Electronic Systems","authors":"Jared Paull;Hengyu Li;Liwei Wang;Wei Li","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3555499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3555499","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time (RT) electromagnetic transient simulation is growing in popularity for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation of physical hardware devices. This article proposes a variable-step high-order RT exponential integrator (RTEI) algorithm that is well suited for HIL studies, particularly for controller HIL studies with digital controllers. The RTEI algorithm relies on the precomputation of matrix exponentials to offload runtime complexity. The RTEI algorithm works at each intracontrol cycle and aims to only recalculate system states at switching events. The proposed solver flexibly adapts the number of forcing function terms to achieve high accuracy with a minimum number of computed points. The proposed algorithm is L-stable, making it generally applicable to power electronic systems. A case study validates the accuracy of the proposed algorithm by comparing it with hardware experimental results. Further case studies benchmark the computational efficiency of the proposed solver with a fixed-step Trapezoidal rule-backward Euler solver (TR-BE), ART5, and an existing discrete hybrid time-step (DHT) algorithm. It is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves over 10-fold and 2-fold efficiency increases in TR-BE and DHT, respectively. The advantages of the proposed algorithm lie in both efficiency increases for general circuit topologies and the stability of the algorithm in the presence of high network stiffness.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"948-959"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3555553
Prarthana Pillai;Krishna R. Pattipati;Stephen Reaburn;Balakumar Balasingam
This article considers the problem of estimating the state of power (SOP) of a battery in real time. The SOP refers to maximum power that a battery can absorb or release during charging and discharging, respectively. The SOP is determined using the open circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistance of the battery, both of which change with the state of charge (SOC). Existing approaches employ nonlinear system identification techniques that require the knowledge of the battery parameters, especially the parameters of the OCV–SOC characteristics. Further, the estimates of SOP from existing approaches are sensitive to factors such as temperature, SOC, aging, and OCV–SOC characterization parameters. This article presents a novel approach to SOP estimation based on a novel observation model that is independent of temperature, SOC, aging, and OCV–SOC characterization parameters. The proposed approach does not require nonlinear approaches for both system identification and filtering; instead, a linear least squares estimation technique is utilized to estimate the two parameters needed for SOP computation. The SOP estimates computed through the proposed approach are tested using realistic battery data collected from three battery cells at the following eight different temperatures: $-text{25},^circ {text{C}}$, $-text{15},^circ {text{C}}$, $-text{5},^circ {text{C}}$, $text{5},^circ {text{C}}$, $text{15},^circ {text{C}}$, $text{25},^circ {text{C}}$, $text{35},^circ {text{C}}$, and $text{45},^circ {text{C}}$. From this analysis, it was observed that the proposed SOP estimation technique exhibited an SOP estimation error of 0.5 W across all the chosen temperatures except for very low SOC regions.
{"title":"Real-Time State of Power Estimation of a Lithium-Ion Battery Using Robust OCV and Internal Resistance Estimates","authors":"Prarthana Pillai;Krishna R. Pattipati;Stephen Reaburn;Balakumar Balasingam","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3555553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3555553","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the problem of estimating the state of power (SOP) of a battery in real time. The SOP refers to maximum power that a battery can absorb or release during charging and discharging, respectively. The SOP is determined using the open circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistance of the battery, both of which change with the state of charge (SOC). Existing approaches employ nonlinear system identification techniques that require the knowledge of the battery parameters, especially the parameters of the OCV–SOC characteristics. Further, the estimates of SOP from existing approaches are sensitive to factors such as temperature, SOC, aging, and OCV–SOC characterization parameters. This article presents a novel approach to SOP estimation based on a novel observation model that is independent of temperature, SOC, aging, and OCV–SOC characterization parameters. The proposed approach does not require nonlinear approaches for both system identification and filtering; instead, a linear least squares estimation technique is utilized to estimate the two parameters needed for SOP computation. The SOP estimates computed through the proposed approach are tested using realistic battery data collected from three battery cells at the following eight different temperatures: <inline-formula><tex-math>$-text{25},^circ {text{C}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math>$-text{15},^circ {text{C}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math>$-text{5},^circ {text{C}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{5},^circ {text{C}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{15},^circ {text{C}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{25},^circ {text{C}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{35},^circ {text{C}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{45},^circ {text{C}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. From this analysis, it was observed that the proposed SOP estimation technique exhibited an SOP estimation error of 0.5 W across all the chosen temperatures except for very low SOC regions.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 4","pages":"1723-1732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3573052
Davide Barater;Mauro Di Nardo;Tianjie Zou;Shafigh Nategh
{"title":"Guest Editorial: High Sustainable Electric Drives for Transportation Electrification","authors":"Davide Barater;Mauro Di Nardo;Tianjie Zou;Shafigh Nategh","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3573052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3573052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"861-863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11015712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3554928
Moisés J. B. B. Davi;Vinícius A. Lacerda;Mário Oleskovicz;Felipe V. Lopes;Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt
This article demonstrates the challenges in protecting inverter-based resource (IBR) interconnection lines, assuming grid-forming IBR models are connected to conventional and inverter-dominated grids. In this context, the performance of traditional directional, phase-selection, and distance protection functions was evaluated. The PSCAD software was employed to model and simulate a typical system to interconnect IBRs to the transmission grid, producing a massive set of fault simulations on the IBR interconnection line. Finally, tests were conducted on a commercial relay employing a representative set of fault scenarios to validate the conclusions. The results highlight the particularities and challenges presented by grid-forming IBRs to conventional line protection functions and emphasize the importance of standardizations in grid codes worldwide to ensure the reliable operation of electrical power systems in the energy transition scope. Moreover, the studies support investigations to identify protection solutions for these systems.
{"title":"Insights and Challenges on the Protection of Grid-Forming Converter Interconnection Lines","authors":"Moisés J. B. B. Davi;Vinícius A. Lacerda;Mário Oleskovicz;Felipe V. Lopes;Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3554928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3554928","url":null,"abstract":"This article demonstrates the challenges in protecting inverter-based resource (IBR) interconnection lines, assuming grid-forming IBR models are connected to conventional and inverter-dominated grids. In this context, the performance of traditional directional, phase-selection, and distance protection functions was evaluated. The PSCAD software was employed to model and simulate a typical system to interconnect IBRs to the transmission grid, producing a massive set of fault simulations on the IBR interconnection line. Finally, tests were conducted on a commercial relay employing a representative set of fault scenarios to validate the conclusions. The results highlight the particularities and challenges presented by grid-forming IBRs to conventional line protection functions and emphasize the importance of standardizations in grid codes worldwide to ensure the reliable operation of electrical power systems in the energy transition scope. Moreover, the studies support investigations to identify protection solutions for these systems.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"1109-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3554609
Fakhrossadat Ghoroghchian;Yi Du;Ebrahim Amiri
Pole changing is an alternative methodology to variable-frequency drives for enabling two-speed operation in permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors. However, existing dual-pole PM synchronous motors typically operate on an integer pole-changing ratio of 1:2 (e.g., 4p/8p) and are energized by a standard full-pitch lap winding arrangement. This article aims to expand the speed relation between the two operating modes by enabling the speed jump at a fractional ratio of 2:3. In addition, two different types of winding are applied to investigate the impact of the winding layout on the motor response. For this purpose, a dual-pole rotor layout with a fractional pole-changing ratio of 2:3 (i.e., 4p/6p) is presented and energized by a dual-pole (i.e., 4p/6p) single-phase fractional-slot winding arrangement. The performance characteristic of the proposed design is analyzed in finite-element analysis and compared against a case study with a similar rotor layout but with standard lap winding configuration. It is revealed that the use of the proposed winding arrangement, which has a shorter average winding length and consequently lower stator resistance, enhances the starting and steady-state performance of the motor. The simulation results are validated via a series of experimental tests on the motor prototype.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Winding Configurations in Dual-Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors","authors":"Fakhrossadat Ghoroghchian;Yi Du;Ebrahim Amiri","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3554609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3554609","url":null,"abstract":"Pole changing is an alternative methodology to variable-frequency drives for enabling two-speed operation in permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors. However, existing dual-pole PM synchronous motors typically operate on an integer pole-changing ratio of 1:2 (e.g., 4p/8p) and are energized by a standard full-pitch lap winding arrangement. This article aims to expand the speed relation between the two operating modes by enabling the speed jump at a fractional ratio of 2:3. In addition, two different types of winding are applied to investigate the impact of the winding layout on the motor response. For this purpose, a dual-pole rotor layout with a fractional pole-changing ratio of 2:3 (i.e., 4p/6p) is presented and energized by a dual-pole (i.e., 4p/6p) single-phase fractional-slot winding arrangement. The performance characteristic of the proposed design is analyzed in finite-element analysis and compared against a case study with a similar rotor layout but with standard lap winding configuration. It is revealed that the use of the proposed winding arrangement, which has a shorter average winding length and consequently lower stator resistance, enhances the starting and steady-state performance of the motor. The simulation results are validated via a series of experimental tests on the motor prototype.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"1060-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3571686
Vahid Zamani Faradonbeh;Akbar Rahideh;Ebrahim Amiri
This article presents an analytical-based design framework for an outer rotor in-wheel consequent-pole surface-mounted permanent magnet (CP-SPM) motor for small-size (maximum 800 kg) electric vehicles (EVs). To avoid the computational burden associated with the finite element (FE)–based design and optimization process, a 2-D analytical model is proposed and paired up with a multiobjective optimization algorithm. In the presented analytical model, the effects of stator slots/teeth and rotor saliency are modeled by equivalent magnetizing currents, and the governing Maxwell's equations are solved in a slotless and nonsalient structure (i.e., slotless stator and cylindrical rotor). Next, the presented analytical model is linked with a multiobjective optimization algorithm to bring 1) material costs, 2) efficiency, and 3) the ratio of the average torque to the torque ripple to desired levels. To assess the suitability of the presented design for in-wheel EV applications, the performance characteristic of the presented outer rotor CP-SPM machine is compared against the SPM machine counterpart. For validation purposes, the prototype of the optimized CP-SPM in-wheel motor is made and tested in the laboratory.
{"title":"Analytical-Based Design Framework for Outer Rotor Consequent-Pole Permanent Magnet Machine","authors":"Vahid Zamani Faradonbeh;Akbar Rahideh;Ebrahim Amiri","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3571686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3571686","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an analytical-based design framework for an outer rotor in-wheel consequent-pole surface-mounted permanent magnet (CP-SPM) motor for small-size (maximum 800 kg) electric vehicles (EVs). To avoid the computational burden associated with the finite element (FE)–based design and optimization process, a 2-D analytical model is proposed and paired up with a multiobjective optimization algorithm. In the presented analytical model, the effects of stator slots/teeth and rotor saliency are modeled by equivalent magnetizing currents, and the governing Maxwell's equations are solved in a slotless and nonsalient structure (i.e., slotless stator and cylindrical rotor). Next, the presented analytical model is linked with a multiobjective optimization algorithm to bring 1) material costs, 2) efficiency, and 3) the ratio of the average torque to the torque ripple to desired levels. To assess the suitability of the presented design for in-wheel EV applications, the performance characteristic of the presented outer rotor CP-SPM machine is compared against the SPM machine counterpart. For validation purposes, the prototype of the optimized CP-SPM in-wheel motor is made and tested in the laboratory.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"1049-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3550773
Mingxin Hu;Mei Su;Liang Yuan;Shimiao Chen;Zhao Yang Dong
Existing studies has shown that fault current limitation and reactive power coupling can diminish the transient synchronization stability of virtual synchronous generators (VSG). However, there is limited literature that quantitatively analyzes these factors and proposes a comprehensive method considering the conflict between these two aspects simultaneously. To tackle this contradiction, this article investigates the intrinsic interrelationships between these two aspects using the phase model. It is revealed that there is a conflicting tradeoff between reactive power coupling and current limitation. Moreover, stable boundaries for the VSG are derived. Based on the stable boundaries, a practical transient stabilizing strategy with an adaptive reactive power droop coefficient is proposed, comprehensively integrating the transient stability, fault current limitation and reactive power coupling. Meanwhile, this strategy also ensures that the VSG maintains its voltage-source behavior during faults. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the boundaries and the proposed control strategy are verified through experimental results.
{"title":"Analysis and Enhancement of Transient Synchronization Stability for Grid-Connected VSG Considering Reactive Power Coupling and Fault Current Limitation","authors":"Mingxin Hu;Mei Su;Liang Yuan;Shimiao Chen;Zhao Yang Dong","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3550773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3550773","url":null,"abstract":"Existing studies has shown that fault current limitation and reactive power coupling can diminish the transient synchronization stability of virtual synchronous generators (VSG). However, there is limited literature that quantitatively analyzes these factors and proposes a comprehensive method considering the conflict between these two aspects simultaneously. To tackle this contradiction, this article investigates the intrinsic interrelationships between these two aspects using the phase model. It is revealed that there is a conflicting tradeoff between reactive power coupling and current limitation. Moreover, stable boundaries for the VSG are derived. Based on the stable boundaries, a practical transient stabilizing strategy with an adaptive reactive power droop coefficient is proposed, comprehensively integrating the transient stability, fault current limitation and reactive power coupling. Meanwhile, this strategy also ensures that the VSG maintains its voltage-source behavior during faults. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the boundaries and the proposed control strategy are verified through experimental results.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"1153-1165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3550774
Yushan Liu;Junru Chen;Muyang Liu
As the power system shifts from conventional synchronous generation (SG) to converter-interfaced generation (CIG), the reliance on CIG for maintaining frequency and voltage stability has increased. Grid-forming energy storage systems (GFM-ESSs), with control response characteristics similar to SG, are considered essential for improving the stability and performance of power systems. This article introduces a strategic approach for optimizing GFM-ESS site selection, addressing both plant-level and system-level stability statically and dynamically. First, a hierarchical siting index system is established, taking into account the impact of energy storage systems on static voltage stability and power losses, small-signal stability conditions at grid-forming stations, and the transient support capabilities of GFM-ESS devices. The K-means clustering method and an improved GRA-VIKOR evaluation algorithm are then applied to address the hierarchical siting problem and determine optimal installation locations for GFM-ESS within a large power grid. A case study of the Western China power system demonstrates that the proposed site selection strategy effectively identifies optimal locations, enhancing performance and support capabilities.
{"title":"Optimizing Hierarchical Site Selection for Grid-Forming Energy Storage System: A Case Study of Power System in Western China","authors":"Yushan Liu;Junru Chen;Muyang Liu","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3550774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3550774","url":null,"abstract":"As the power system shifts from conventional synchronous generation (SG) to converter-interfaced generation (CIG), the reliance on CIG for maintaining frequency and voltage stability has increased. Grid-forming energy storage systems (GFM-ESSs), with control response characteristics similar to SG, are considered essential for improving the stability and performance of power systems. This article introduces a strategic approach for optimizing GFM-ESS site selection, addressing both plant-level and system-level stability statically and dynamically. First, a hierarchical siting index system is established, taking into account the impact of energy storage systems on static voltage stability and power losses, small-signal stability conditions at grid-forming stations, and the transient support capabilities of GFM-ESS devices. The K-means clustering method and an improved GRA-VIKOR evaluation algorithm are then applied to address the hierarchical siting problem and determine optimal installation locations for GFM-ESS within a large power grid. A case study of the Western China power system demonstrates that the proposed site selection strategy effectively identifies optimal locations, enhancing performance and support capabilities.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"1089-1099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-10DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3549648
Subhasis Nayak;Anandarup Das
This article proposes the use of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) to connect two different rated distributed energy resources (DER) with photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) in different arms. In DER-MMC, power mismatch due to unequal power in different arms is a reported challenge that can send unbalanced power into the ac grid. The unequal power generation in PV connected arms may happen due to partial shading, dust, different rated PV panels, and different state of charges in batteries, which may lead to unequal active power in the distributed PV-BESS system. The existing circulating current (CC) control approach ensures power balancing control despite unequal arm powers; however, it increases additional loss and overcurrent issues in the converter. In contrast, this article proposes a control solution to connect two different rated systems, eliminating the differential power circulating current (DPCC) in the system. With the proposed technique, significant power loss and overcurrent issues caused by DPCC can be reduced. The proposed technique gives a solution for operating an arm in bidirectional power mode without CC. A time domain MATLAB simulation and a scale down experimental prototype is developed to verify the proposed work.
{"title":"Energy Balancing Strategy in a Modular Multilevel Converter With Unequal Active Power Sharing for Grid Scale PV-BESS Application","authors":"Subhasis Nayak;Anandarup Das","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3549648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3549648","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes the use of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) to connect two different rated distributed energy resources (DER) with photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) in different arms. In DER-MMC, power mismatch due to unequal power in different arms is a reported challenge that can send unbalanced power into the ac grid. The unequal power generation in PV connected arms may happen due to partial shading, dust, different rated PV panels, and different state of charges in batteries, which may lead to unequal active power in the distributed PV-BESS system. The existing circulating current (CC) control approach ensures power balancing control despite unequal arm powers; however, it increases additional loss and overcurrent issues in the converter. In contrast, this article proposes a control solution to connect two different rated systems, eliminating the differential power circulating current (DPCC) in the system. With the proposed technique, significant power loss and overcurrent issues caused by DPCC can be reduced. The proposed technique gives a solution for operating an arm in bidirectional power mode without CC. A time domain MATLAB simulation and a scale down experimental prototype is developed to verify the proposed work.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"1100-1108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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