This article presents methodologies to achieve seamless plug-in and plug-out of converters in droop-controlled dc microgrid (MG) systems. It is shown that the typical approach of precharging the converter to the nominal voltage before plugging it into a droop-controlled dc MG system can result in high transients in converter currents, which can trigger the system’s shutdown. New and effective methodologies are presented to achieve seamless plug-in and plug-out of a converter from the dc MG system. The seamless plug-in is achieved by controlling the reference voltage of the converter and plug-out is achieved by controlling the droop resistances. The proposed methodologies act as damping techniques to minimize the transients in converter currents. The methodologies are implemented using the conventional droop control and thus are simple to implement. An analytical model is developed for a generic dc MG system to analyze the performance of the system during a hot-swap of a converter. The model is also used to propose guidelines for controller design to achieve seamless plug-in and plug-out of a converter. Extensive experimental results on different configurations and operating points of MG systems are provided to validate the proposed methodologies.
{"title":"Analysis of Plug-In and Plug-Out of Converters in Droop Controlled DC Microgrid Systems","authors":"Shrivatsal Sharma;Vishnu Mahadeva Iyer;Shubham Dhiman;Subhashish Bhattacharya;Lan Yu;Tim Gernant","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3567963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3567963","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents methodologies to achieve seamless plug-in and plug-out of converters in droop-controlled dc microgrid (MG) systems. It is shown that the typical approach of precharging the converter to the nominal voltage before plugging it into a droop-controlled dc MG system can result in high transients in converter currents, which can trigger the system’s shutdown. New and effective methodologies are presented to achieve seamless plug-in and plug-out of a converter from the dc MG system. The seamless plug-in is achieved by controlling the reference voltage of the converter and plug-out is achieved by controlling the droop resistances. The proposed methodologies act as damping techniques to minimize the transients in converter currents. The methodologies are implemented using the conventional droop control and thus are simple to implement. An analytical model is developed for a generic dc MG system to analyze the performance of the system during a hot-swap of a converter. The model is also used to propose guidelines for controller design to achieve seamless plug-in and plug-out of a converter. Extensive experimental results on different configurations and operating points of MG systems are provided to validate the proposed methodologies.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"1140-1152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3567344
Prateek Utkarsha;N. Krishna Swami Naidu
High penetration of inverter-based photovoltaic (PV) systems deplete the overall inertia of the grid. One of the alternatives to inertia emulation in grid-tied renewable sources is a virtual synchronous generator (VSG). Hence, the PV source combined with the VSG characteristics performs better in the grid-integrated mode. Due to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation of PV sources, there is no flexibility to change power generation for any change in the grid attributes, such as frequency. Hence, PV systems require additional energy storage to enable frequency regulation in the event of grid frequency changes, incorporating additional costs. In addition, the PV-VSG inverter is not utilized at night. This article presents a seamless mode control algorithm for a single-stage photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator (PV-VSG) system to participate in frequency regulation under grid frequency disturbances without additional energy storage by operating at deloaded MPPT. In addition, the proposed PV-VSG operates as a STATCOM during the night when there is no active power generation. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified with the developed experimental prototype of a PV-VSG under changing solar irradiance, temperature, grid frequency deviation, load change, partial shading, and nonlinear load. A seamless transition of the PV-VSG from grid-connected to standalone mode and STATCOM operation during nighttime is also demonstrated. The proposed control algorithm is compared with existing methods with the help of experimental results.
{"title":"Seamless Mode Control Algorithm for a Single-Stage Photovoltaic Virtual Synchronous Generator for Frequency Regulation and Reactive Power Support","authors":"Prateek Utkarsha;N. Krishna Swami Naidu","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3567344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3567344","url":null,"abstract":"High penetration of inverter-based photovoltaic (PV) systems deplete the overall inertia of the grid. One of the alternatives to inertia emulation in grid-tied renewable sources is a virtual synchronous generator (VSG). Hence, the PV source combined with the VSG characteristics performs better in the grid-integrated mode. Due to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation of PV sources, there is no flexibility to change power generation for any change in the grid attributes, such as frequency. Hence, PV systems require additional energy storage to enable frequency regulation in the event of grid frequency changes, incorporating additional costs. In addition, the PV-VSG inverter is not utilized at night. This article presents a seamless mode control algorithm for a single-stage photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator (PV-VSG) system to participate in frequency regulation under grid frequency disturbances without additional energy storage by operating at deloaded MPPT. In addition, the proposed PV-VSG operates as a STATCOM during the night when there is no active power generation. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified with the developed experimental prototype of a PV-VSG under changing solar irradiance, temperature, grid frequency deviation, load change, partial shading, and nonlinear load. A seamless transition of the PV-VSG from grid-connected to standalone mode and STATCOM operation during nighttime is also demonstrated. The proposed control algorithm is compared with existing methods with the help of experimental results.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"1119-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3547789
Dhawal Dwivedi;Ahmed Hussein;K. A. Chinmaya
This article presents a novel three-phase, five-level stacked dual output (FLSDO) converter capable of supplying a single six-phase or two three-phase loads. The proposed topology is a hybrid multilevel converter with dual flying capacitors stacked with selector switches. It has fewer switches than two conventional stacked five-level inverters to drive a six-phase load. The highlight of the proposed converter is that even with a reduced number of switches and compact size, it can produce all the output voltage states that are attainable in a conventional stacked multi-level inverter (MLI). The FLSDO converter significantly expands the operating boundary region compared to the previously proposed dual-output converters. A hybrid sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation technique is designed to operate the proposed converter, and the performance is evaluated with common and different frequencies, varying modulation indices, and phase shifts between two outputs. The FLSDO converter can be extended to supply the “n” number of loads by adding modules based on the requirement, thus making a five-level stacked multioutput converter. A laboratory prototype is developed, and its experimental outcomes align with the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Design of a Novel Five-Level Stacked Dual-Output Converter for EV Application","authors":"Dhawal Dwivedi;Ahmed Hussein;K. A. Chinmaya","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3547789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3547789","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel three-phase, five-level stacked dual output (FLSDO) converter capable of supplying a single six-phase or two three-phase loads. The proposed topology is a hybrid multilevel converter with dual flying capacitors stacked with selector switches. It has fewer switches than two conventional stacked five-level inverters to drive a six-phase load. The highlight of the proposed converter is that even with a reduced number of switches and compact size, it can produce all the output voltage states that are attainable in a conventional stacked multi-level inverter (MLI). The FLSDO converter significantly expands the operating boundary region compared to the previously proposed dual-output converters. A hybrid sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation technique is designed to operate the proposed converter, and the performance is evaluated with common and different frequencies, varying modulation indices, and phase shifts between two outputs. The FLSDO converter can be extended to supply the “n” number of loads by adding modules based on the requirement, thus making a five-level stacked multioutput converter. A laboratory prototype is developed, and its experimental outcomes align with the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"920-930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546680
Diran Liu;Edoardo De Din;Daniele Carta;Andrea Benigni
To support the transition to a more sustainable energy supply, interest in multienergy systems (MESs) is increasing due to their ability to enhance overall system flexibility and reliability. Within this framework, control approaches play a key role, as they must address the challenges associated with the different dynamics of various energy domains and the balance between loads and the availability of energy resources. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) allows for the safe testing of control applications for MESs but it is inevitably challenged by the complexity of those systems. This article presents the CHIL setup designed for MESs. The peculiarities of the setup are described, and its capabilities are evaluated considering a multitimescale control architecture.
{"title":"Controller Hardware-in-The-Loop Testing of a Multitimescale Control Architecture for Multienergy Systems","authors":"Diran Liu;Edoardo De Din;Daniele Carta;Andrea Benigni","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546680","url":null,"abstract":"To support the transition to a more sustainable energy supply, interest in multienergy systems (MESs) is increasing due to their ability to enhance overall system flexibility and reliability. Within this framework, control approaches play a key role, as they must address the challenges associated with the different dynamics of various energy domains and the balance between loads and the availability of energy resources. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) allows for the safe testing of control applications for MESs but it is inevitably challenged by the complexity of those systems. This article presents the CHIL setup designed for MESs. The peculiarities of the setup are described, and its capabilities are evaluated considering a multitimescale control architecture.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"499-510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10908072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3545763
Liang Cao;Xiaolu Ji;Yankai Cao;Bhushan Gopaluni
In complex industrial processes, real-time monitoring of critical variables is essential for ensuring operational safety and efficiency. Traditional process monitoring models often struggle with processes characterized by multiple operating modes, leading to decreased prediction accuracy and reliability. Existing methods typically require prior knowledge of the number of operating modes and cannot adapt to new modes that emerge over time, limiting their applicability in dynamic industrial environments. To address these challenges, we propose an adaptive process monitoring framework that automatically identifies operating modes using change point detection and classifies data using Gaussian mixture models. Specialized subsoft sensor models are then constructed for each identified mode. This approach eliminates the need for prior knowledge of operating modes and enables the system to adapt to new operating conditions in real time. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study on the fluid catalytic cracking unit at the Parkland Refinery. The results show that our adaptive segmented model achieves a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.645 and an R2 of 0.819, significantly outperforming the nonsegmented model with an RMSE of 5.037 and a negative R2 of −0.597. This adaptive framework enhances operational safety and efficiency by providing a robust and flexible monitoring solution for dynamically changing industrial processes.
{"title":"Adaptive Process Monitoring for Multimode Industrial Processes Through Machine Learning","authors":"Liang Cao;Xiaolu Ji;Yankai Cao;Bhushan Gopaluni","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3545763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3545763","url":null,"abstract":"In complex industrial processes, real-time monitoring of critical variables is essential for ensuring operational safety and efficiency. Traditional process monitoring models often struggle with processes characterized by multiple operating modes, leading to decreased prediction accuracy and reliability. Existing methods typically require prior knowledge of the number of operating modes and cannot adapt to new modes that emerge over time, limiting their applicability in dynamic industrial environments. To address these challenges, we propose an adaptive process monitoring framework that automatically identifies operating modes using change point detection and classifies data using Gaussian mixture models. Specialized subsoft sensor models are then constructed for each identified mode. This approach eliminates the need for prior knowledge of operating modes and enables the system to adapt to new operating conditions in real time. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study on the fluid catalytic cracking unit at the Parkland Refinery. The results show that our adaptive segmented model achieves a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.645 and an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.819, significantly outperforming the nonsegmented model with an RMSE of 5.037 and a negative R<sup>2</sup> of −0.597. This adaptive framework enhances operational safety and efficiency by providing a robust and flexible monitoring solution for dynamically changing industrial processes.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 4","pages":"1819-1827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546258
Lu Liu;Zihao Xu;Shihong Ding;Li Ma
To further improve the control performance of the model predictive control (MPC) and balance the contradiction between the calculation complexity and prediction steps of the system, an improved multistep MPC is proposed in this article. First, the mathematical model of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor and the basic principle of the conventional MPC are introduced. Second, a multistep MPC method is proposed to calculate the rate of change of current in the case that the different basic voltage vectors are applied to the motor. Then, the current after several control periods can be predicted by this rate, which can help us select the appropriate voltage vector. In addition, the implementation process of the proposed method is described. Finally, the comparison experiments between the conventional MPC method and the proposed multistep MPC one are presented. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to reduce the inverter switching frequency under the same control frequency, and can also improve the steady-state performance under the same switching frequency.
{"title":"Improved Multistep Model Predictive Control for the Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor","authors":"Lu Liu;Zihao Xu;Shihong Ding;Li Ma","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546258","url":null,"abstract":"To further improve the control performance of the model predictive control (MPC) and balance the contradiction between the calculation complexity and prediction steps of the system, an improved multistep MPC is proposed in this article. First, the mathematical model of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor and the basic principle of the conventional MPC are introduced. Second, a multistep MPC method is proposed to calculate the rate of change of current in the case that the different basic voltage vectors are applied to the motor. Then, the current after several control periods can be predicted by this rate, which can help us select the appropriate voltage vector. In addition, the implementation process of the proposed method is described. Finally, the comparison experiments between the conventional MPC method and the proposed multistep MPC one are presented. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to reduce the inverter switching frequency under the same control frequency, and can also improve the steady-state performance under the same switching frequency.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"603-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Along with efficiency and torque density, one of the key design objectives in today's traction electric machines is sustainability. This is especially true in the automotive segment, where a transition to electrification is occurring. A sustainable electric machine design implies the reduction of high environmental impact materials, such as copper for the windings or rare-earth materials for the permanent magnets. To this end, this study analyses the adoption of aluminum to replace the hairpin windings of an automotive 400 V interior permanent magnet machine, originally optimized with copper windings. First, a detailed optimization process for a copper-based motor is carried out, adopting a multiobjective genetic algorithm. Consequently, the efficiency map of the resulting design is compared to its aluminum-based version, which is directly obtained by changing the winding material. To validate the simulation and optimization trends, a copper-based prototype and its identical aluminum version are built and tested, and their efficiency maps are comprehensively compared and discussed.
{"title":"Replacing Copper With Aluminum in Hairpin Windings Motors Intended for Utility Cars","authors":"Gregorio Cutuli;Stefano Nuzzo;Davide Barater;Tianjie Zou;Shafigh Nategh;Tommaso Bertoncello","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546030","url":null,"abstract":"Along with efficiency and torque density, one of the key design objectives in today's traction electric machines is sustainability. This is especially true in the automotive segment, where a transition to electrification is occurring. A sustainable electric machine design implies the reduction of high environmental impact materials, such as copper for the windings or rare-earth materials for the permanent magnets. To this end, this study analyses the adoption of aluminum to replace the hairpin windings of an automotive 400 V interior permanent magnet machine, originally optimized with copper windings. First, a detailed optimization process for a copper-based motor is carried out, adopting a multiobjective genetic algorithm. Consequently, the efficiency map of the resulting design is compared to its aluminum-based version, which is directly obtained by changing the winding material. To validate the simulation and optimization trends, a copper-based prototype and its identical aluminum version are built and tested, and their efficiency maps are comprehensively compared and discussed.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"864-876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) is a form of real-time simulation that allows a real power device to interact with a simulated power system. In PHIL simulation, the power equipment under test (PEUT) is connected to a real-time digital simulator via a power amplifier and an interface algorithm. A switched-mode power amplifier (SMPA) is commonly employed in the PHIL application due to its wide range of applications from small-scale to mega-watt ranges. However, it is known to have slow dynamic response. This article applies model-free predictive current control (MFPCC) based on the recursive least square method combined with Newton's quadratic interpolation to improve the dynamic response of a SMPA. The control algorithms are implemented in the SMPA in an actual PHIL setup to verify the performance of the proposed control method. The results show that the proposed MFPCC yields more accurate results, wider stability regions, and quicker response compared to the existing SMPA controllers in the PHIL. In addition, the proposed model is able to reproduce the harmonic distortions of a bus to the PEUT when the bus of the power network being simulated is subjected to harmonic distortions. Moreover, compared to some existing MFPCCs, the proposed controller can maintain PHIL stability even if multiple time step delays exist in the loop while the former yields instability.
{"title":"Model-Free Predictive Control Based on Recursive Least Square and Quadratic Interpolation Methods Applied to Power-Hardware-in-The-Loop Simulation","authors":"Fajar Kurnia Al Farisi;Na-De Yang;Chu Ying Xiao;Po Hao Chen;Rifky Santoso;Kuo Lung Lian;Jan Meyer","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3546022","url":null,"abstract":"Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) is a form of real-time simulation that allows a real power device to interact with a simulated power system. In PHIL simulation, the power equipment under test (PEUT) is connected to a real-time digital simulator via a power amplifier and an interface algorithm. A switched-mode power amplifier (SMPA) is commonly employed in the PHIL application due to its wide range of applications from small-scale to mega-watt ranges. However, it is known to have slow dynamic response. This article applies model-free predictive current control (MFPCC) based on the recursive least square method combined with Newton's quadratic interpolation to improve the dynamic response of a SMPA. The control algorithms are implemented in the SMPA in an actual PHIL setup to verify the performance of the proposed control method. The results show that the proposed MFPCC yields more accurate results, wider stability regions, and quicker response compared to the existing SMPA controllers in the PHIL. In addition, the proposed model is able to reproduce the harmonic distortions of a bus to the PEUT when the bus of the power network being simulated is subjected to harmonic distortions. Moreover, compared to some existing MFPCCs, the proposed controller can maintain PHIL stability even if multiple time step delays exist in the loop while the former yields instability.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"562-573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter proposes a digital high-speed three-level space vector pulsewidth modulator (3L-SVPWM). A conventional 3L-SVPWM is typically computation-based, involving a sequential execution of sub-tasks on a digital signal processor (DSP) based controller. The resulting high computation time of $5.4 ,mu {text{s}}$ limits the implementation of additional control blocks for switching frequencies greater than $100 ,{text{kHz}}$. This is overcome by transforming sub-tasks into digital blocks with 1-0 decisions and simpler arithmetic operations. The sub-task blocks are executed concurrently on a programmable logic device (PLD). Hence, a fast 3L-SVPWM execution in $text{140} ,{text{ns}}$ is achieved. The proposed digital 3L-SVPWM enables high switching frequency operation of wide bandgap (WBG) device-based 3 L inverters to generate high fundamental frequency waveforms. A finite state machine is an integral part of the proposed implementation with the ability to generate any vector sequence, maximizing the usage of redundant vector states in 3L-SVPWM. The proposed digital 3L-SVPWM operation is demonstrated with a GaN-based 3 L active neutral point clamped (3L-ANPC) inverter. Experimental results are presented at $250 ,{text{kHz}}$ switching frequency to generate vector sequences for center-aligned SVPWM (CA-SVPWM) and common mode voltage reduced SVPWM (CMVR-SVPWM). The results also showcase a high fundamental frequency generation capability of $10 ,{text{kHz}}$.
{"title":"A Digital Three Level Space Vector Modulator for High Frequency Vector Sequence Generation","authors":"Subhransu Satpathy;Partha Pratim Das;Subhashish Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3543271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3543271","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a digital high-speed three-level space vector pulsewidth modulator (3L-SVPWM). A conventional 3L-SVPWM is typically computation-based, involving a sequential execution of sub-tasks on a digital signal processor (DSP) based controller. The resulting high computation time of <inline-formula><tex-math>$5.4 ,mu {text{s}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> limits the implementation of additional control blocks for switching frequencies greater than <inline-formula><tex-math>$100 ,{text{kHz}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. This is overcome by transforming sub-tasks into digital blocks with 1-0 decisions and simpler arithmetic operations. The sub-task blocks are executed concurrently on a programmable logic device (PLD). Hence, a fast 3L-SVPWM execution in <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{140} ,{text{ns}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is achieved. The proposed digital 3L-SVPWM enables high switching frequency operation of wide bandgap (WBG) device-based 3 L inverters to generate high fundamental frequency waveforms. A finite state machine is an integral part of the proposed implementation with the ability to generate any vector sequence, maximizing the usage of redundant vector states in 3L-SVPWM. The proposed digital 3L-SVPWM operation is demonstrated with a GaN-based 3 L active neutral point clamped (3L-ANPC) inverter. Experimental results are presented at <inline-formula><tex-math>$250 ,{text{kHz}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> switching frequency to generate vector sequences for center-aligned SVPWM (CA-SVPWM) and common mode voltage reduced SVPWM (CMVR-SVPWM). The results also showcase a high fundamental frequency generation capability of <inline-formula><tex-math>$10 ,{text{kHz}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 4","pages":"1879-1885"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3538875
Muhammad Umair Munir;Shamroze Fayyaz;Muhammad Ehab;Mohamed Atef Tawfik;Ashraf Ahmed;Joung-Hu Park
This article introduces a novel industrial, scientific, and medical band frequency dc–dc converter with an exceptional voltage gain of more than 100. The proposed converter combines a coreless planar tapped inductor with a Dickson charge pump, resulting in a design that offers significant advantages. Key contributions include achieving a 100-times voltage gain, enabling the direct elevation of a single lithium-ion cell voltage to dc-link levels. Additionally, the design minimizes switch voltage stress, maximizes energy density, and produces an extremely compact tapped inductor due to its 6.78 MHz frequency operation. Furthermore, this design offers the advantage of a common ground, making it adaptable for various applications. This article provides comprehensive mathematical analysis and detailed design guidelines, along with the hardware results demonstrating the converter's capability to convert a 4 V input to a 400 V output for output power of 32 W.
{"title":"6.78-MHz Soft-Switching Single-Ended DC–DC Converter With Extreme Step-Up Voltage Gain","authors":"Muhammad Umair Munir;Shamroze Fayyaz;Muhammad Ehab;Mohamed Atef Tawfik;Ashraf Ahmed;Joung-Hu Park","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3538875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3538875","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a novel industrial, scientific, and medical band frequency dc–dc converter with an exceptional voltage gain of more than 100. The proposed converter combines a coreless planar tapped inductor with a Dickson charge pump, resulting in a design that offers significant advantages. Key contributions include achieving a 100-times voltage gain, enabling the direct elevation of a single lithium-ion cell voltage to dc-link levels. Additionally, the design minimizes switch voltage stress, maximizes energy density, and produces an extremely compact tapped inductor due to its 6.78 MHz frequency operation. Furthermore, this design offers the advantage of a common ground, making it adaptable for various applications. This article provides comprehensive mathematical analysis and detailed design guidelines, along with the hardware results demonstrating the converter's capability to convert a 4 V input to a 400 V output for output power of 32 W.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"960-971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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