Wei Zhou;Jupeng Pang;Mingzhe Wu;Chao Wang;Kui Wang;Yongdong Li
The four-level nested neutral-point-clamped (4L-NNPC) inverter is a competitive topology among the various medium-voltage multilevel converters, and its main issue is flying-capacitor voltage unbalance. In this article, a novel carrier-interleaved pulse width modulation (CIPWM) method that satisfies the volt-sec balance principle is proposed with an advanced carrier distribution rule. By adopting the proposed CIPWM method, the redundant switching states of 4L-NNPC inverters can be evenly distributed into the output PWM waveform in each carrier period, and natural flying-capacitor voltage balance can be achieved. Furthermore, an active balancing strategy is also proposed to eliminate the voltage unbalance caused by nonideal factors, which is realized by simply adjusting the duty cycle and with no need to adjust the redundant switching states for 4L-NNPC inverters. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed CIPWM method and the flying-capacitor voltage balancing strategy.
{"title":"A novel carrier interleaved PWM method for four-level nested neutral-point-clamped inverters","authors":"Wei Zhou;Jupeng Pang;Mingzhe Wu;Chao Wang;Kui Wang;Yongdong Li","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2025.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2025.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The four-level nested neutral-point-clamped (4L-NNPC) inverter is a competitive topology among the various medium-voltage multilevel converters, and its main issue is flying-capacitor voltage unbalance. In this article, a novel carrier-interleaved pulse width modulation (CIPWM) method that satisfies the volt-sec balance principle is proposed with an advanced carrier distribution rule. By adopting the proposed CIPWM method, the redundant switching states of 4L-NNPC inverters can be evenly distributed into the output PWM waveform in each carrier period, and natural flying-capacitor voltage balance can be achieved. Furthermore, an active balancing strategy is also proposed to eliminate the voltage unbalance caused by nonideal factors, which is realized by simply adjusting the duty cycle and with no need to adjust the redundant switching states for 4L-NNPC inverters. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed CIPWM method and the flying-capacitor voltage balancing strategy.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"4 1","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10938041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The demand response (DR) market, as a vital complement to the electricity spot market, plays a key role in evoking user-side regulation capability to mitigate system-level supply-demand imbalances during extreme events. While the DR market offers the load aggregator (LA) additional profitable opportunities beyond the electricity spot market, it also introduces new trading risks due to the significant uncertainty in users' behaviors. Dispatching energy storage systems (ESSs) is an effective means to enhance the risk management capabilities of LAs; however, coordinating ESS operations with dual-market trading strategies remains an urgent challenge. To this end, this paper proposes a novel systematic risk-aware coordinated trading model for the LA in concurrently participating in the day-ahead electricity spot market and DR market, which incorporates the capacity allocation mechanism of ESS based on market clearing rules to jointly formulate bidding and pricing decisions for the dual market. First, the intrinsic coupling characteristics of the LA participating in the dual market are analyzed, and a joint optimization framework for formulating bidding and pricing strategies that integrates ESS facilities is proposed. Second, an uncertain user response model is developed based on price-response mechanisms, and actual market settlement rules accounting for under- and over-responses are employed to calculate trading revenues, where possible revenue losses are quantified via conditional value at risk. Third, by imposing these terms and the capacity allocation mechanism of ESS, the risk-aware stochastic coordinated trading model of the LA is built, where the bidding and pricing strategies in the dual model that trade off risk and profit are derived. The simulation results of a case study validate the effectiveness of the proposed trading strategy in controlling trading risk and improving the trading income of the LA.
{"title":"A risk-aware coordinated trading strategy for load aggregators with energy storage systems in the electricity spot market and demand response market","authors":"Ziyang Xiang;Chunyi Huang;Kangping Li;Chengmin Wang;Pierluigi Siano","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2025.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2025.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The demand response (DR) market, as a vital complement to the electricity spot market, plays a key role in evoking user-side regulation capability to mitigate system-level supply-demand imbalances during extreme events. While the DR market offers the load aggregator (LA) additional profitable opportunities beyond the electricity spot market, it also introduces new trading risks due to the significant uncertainty in users' behaviors. Dispatching energy storage systems (ESSs) is an effective means to enhance the risk management capabilities of LAs; however, coordinating ESS operations with dual-market trading strategies remains an urgent challenge. To this end, this paper proposes a novel systematic risk-aware coordinated trading model for the LA in concurrently participating in the day-ahead electricity spot market and DR market, which incorporates the capacity allocation mechanism of ESS based on market clearing rules to jointly formulate bidding and pricing decisions for the dual market. First, the intrinsic coupling characteristics of the LA participating in the dual market are analyzed, and a joint optimization framework for formulating bidding and pricing strategies that integrates ESS facilities is proposed. Second, an uncertain user response model is developed based on price-response mechanisms, and actual market settlement rules accounting for under- and over-responses are employed to calculate trading revenues, where possible revenue losses are quantified via conditional value at risk. Third, by imposing these terms and the capacity allocation mechanism of ESS, the risk-aware stochastic coordinated trading model of the LA is built, where the bidding and pricing strategies in the dual model that trade off risk and profit are derived. The simulation results of a case study validate the effectiveness of the proposed trading strategy in controlling trading risk and improving the trading income of the LA.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"4 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10934762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Te Zhou;Meng Zhou;Shuai Wang;Zhi Li;Yang Han;Tomislav Capuder;Ning Zhang
As the development of new power systems progresses, the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish. Centralized frequency regulation, which relies on rapid communication and real-time control, can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load (ITCL) clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid. However, ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics, which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side. To address this issue, this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem. It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions, ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times, thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment. Building on this foundation, the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters, which is based on centralized frequency regulation, on the stability of the power system. A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed, taking into account dual constraints, frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity. Finally, the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.
{"title":"Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation","authors":"Te Zhou;Meng Zhou;Shuai Wang;Zhi Li;Yang Han;Tomislav Capuder;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2025.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2025.0003","url":null,"abstract":"As the development of new power systems progresses, the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish. Centralized frequency regulation, which relies on rapid communication and real-time control, can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load (ITCL) clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid. However, ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics, which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side. To address this issue, this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem. It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions, ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times, thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment. Building on this foundation, the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters, which is based on centralized frequency regulation, on the stability of the power system. A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed, taking into account dual constraints, frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity. Finally, the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"4 1","pages":"16-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10934761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the increased application of inverter-based resources in power grids, along with the gradual replacement of synchronous generators, has made the grid support capability of inverters essential for maintaining system stability under large disturbances. Critical clearing time provides a quantitative measure of fault severity and system stability, and its sensitivity can help guide parameter adjustments to enhance the grid support capability of inverters. Building on previous researches, this paper proposes a method for calculating critical clearing time sensitivity in power systems with a high proportion of power electronic devices, accounting for the new dynamic characteristics introduced by these devices. The current limit and switching control of inverter-based resources are considered, and the critical clearing time sensitivity under controlling periodic orbits is derived. The proposed critical clearing time sensitivity calculation method is then validated using a double generator single load system and a modified 39-bus system.
{"title":"Critical clearing time sensitivity of power systems with high power electronic penetration","authors":"Yuqian Zhang;Feng Liu;Qinglai Guo","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2025.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2025.0001","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the increased application of inverter-based resources in power grids, along with the gradual replacement of synchronous generators, has made the grid support capability of inverters essential for maintaining system stability under large disturbances. Critical clearing time provides a quantitative measure of fault severity and system stability, and its sensitivity can help guide parameter adjustments to enhance the grid support capability of inverters. Building on previous researches, this paper proposes a method for calculating critical clearing time sensitivity in power systems with a high proportion of power electronic devices, accounting for the new dynamic characteristics introduced by these devices. The current limit and switching control of inverter-based resources are considered, and the critical clearing time sensitivity under controlling periodic orbits is derived. The proposed critical clearing time sensitivity calculation method is then validated using a double generator single load system and a modified 39-bus system.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"4 1","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10857836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In November 2024, the Global Solar Council announced that the world cumulative solar capacity reached 2 terawatts, twice as much as in mid-2022, clearly showing that solar energy is set to lead the energy transition.
{"title":"The rooftop PV revolution","authors":"Antonio Gómez-Expósito","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2025.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2025.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In November 2024, the Global Solar Council announced that the world cumulative solar capacity reached 2 terawatts, twice as much as in mid-2022, clearly showing that solar energy is set to lead the energy transition.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10857878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past 10 years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone extremely rapid development, with a record certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.7%, which is very close to the limit efficiency. However, the inherent instability caused by ion migration impedes the realization of long-term operationally stable PSCs. In this review, the types and mechanisms of ion migration occurring in various functional layers of negative-intrinsic-positive (n-i-p) PSCs are summarized. Additionally, methods of suppressing ion migration are systematically discussed. Finally, the prospects of current challenges and future development directions are proposed to advance the achievement of high-performance regular PSCs with high stability and PCE.
{"title":"Methods of Suppressing Ion Migration in n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Dongmei He;Yue Yu;Xinxing Liu;Xuxia Shai;Jiangzhao Chen","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0029","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 10 years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone extremely rapid development, with a record certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.7%, which is very close to the limit efficiency. However, the inherent instability caused by ion migration impedes the realization of long-term operationally stable PSCs. In this review, the types and mechanisms of ion migration occurring in various functional layers of negative-intrinsic-positive (n-i-p) PSCs are summarized. Additionally, methods of suppressing ion migration are systematically discussed. Finally, the prospects of current challenges and future development directions are proposed to advance the achievement of high-performance regular PSCs with high stability and PCE.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 4","pages":"242-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces a novel approach to realizing compact high-field superconducting magnets by enabling a closed-loop high temperature superconducting (HTS) coil through magnetization. A circular closed-loop HTS coil is fabricated with a low resistive joint for field cooling magnetization. The HTS coil achieved a trapped field with only a 0.0087% decay in central field over 30 minutes. More interestingly, the central trapped field of 4.59 T exceeds the initial applied field of 4.5 T, while a peak trapped field of 6 T near the inner edge of the HTS coil, is identified through further numerical investigation. This phenomenon differs from the trapped field distributions observed in HTS bulks and stacks, where the trapped cannot exceed the applied one. Unique distributions of current density and magnetic field are identified as the reason for the trapped field exceeding the applied field. This study offers a new way to develop compact HTS magnets for a range of high-field applications such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems, superconducting machines, Maglev and proposes a viable method for amplifying the field strength beyond that of existing magnetic field source devices.
{"title":"A Novel Trapped Field Magnet Enabled by a Quasi-Operational HTS Coil","authors":"Hengpei Liao;Aleksandr Shchukin;Roshan Parajuli;Xavier Chaud;Jung-Bin Song;Min Zhang;Weijia Yuan","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0030","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel approach to realizing compact high-field superconducting magnets by enabling a closed-loop high temperature superconducting (HTS) coil through magnetization. A circular closed-loop HTS coil is fabricated with a low resistive joint for field cooling magnetization. The HTS coil achieved a trapped field with only a 0.0087% decay in central field over 30 minutes. More interestingly, the central trapped field of 4.59 T exceeds the initial applied field of 4.5 T, while a peak trapped field of 6 T near the inner edge of the HTS coil, is identified through further numerical investigation. This phenomenon differs from the trapped field distributions observed in HTS bulks and stacks, where the trapped cannot exceed the applied one. Unique distributions of current density and magnetic field are identified as the reason for the trapped field exceeding the applied field. This study offers a new way to develop compact HTS magnets for a range of high-field applications such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems, superconducting machines, Maglev and proposes a viable method for amplifying the field strength beyond that of existing magnetic field source devices.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 4","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the primary barriers to the advancement of high-efficiency energy conversion technologies is the Shockley-Queisser limit, which imposes a fundamental efficiency constraint on single-junction solar cells. The advent of multi-junction solar cells provides a formidable alternative to this obstacle. Among these, organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have captured substantial interest due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, including tunable bandgaps and high-power conversion efficiencies, positioning them as prime candidates for multi-junction photovoltaic systems. We give a review of the latest advancements in four-terminal (4T) perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs), emphasizing four pertinent configurations: perovskite-silicon (PVK/Si), perovskite-perovskite (PVK/PVK), perovskite-Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (PVK/CIGS), and perovskite-organic (PVK/organic), as well as other emerging 4T perovskite TSCs. Further, it also emphasizes the advancement of semitransparent wide-bandgap PSCs for TSC applications, tackling important issues and outlining potential future directions for optimizing 4T tandem design performance.
高效能量转换技术发展的主要障碍之一是Shockley-Queisser极限，它对单结太阳能电池的效率施加了基本的限制。多结太阳能电池的出现为这一障碍提供了一个强大的替代方案。其中，有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）由于其出色的光电特性（包括可调谐的带隙和高功率转换效率）而引起了极大的兴趣，使其成为多结光伏系统的主要候选者。本文综述了四端（4T）钙钛矿串联太阳能电池（tsc）的最新进展，重点介绍了四种相关结构：钙钛矿-硅（PVK/Si）、钙钛矿-钙钛矿（PVK/PVK）、钙钛矿- cu (in,Ga)Se2 （PVK/CIGS）和钙钛矿-有机（PVK/有机），以及其他新兴的4T钙钛矿串联太阳能电池。此外，它还强调了用于TSC应用的半透明宽带隙psc的进展，解决了重要问题并概述了优化4T串联设计性能的潜在未来方向。
{"title":"Four-Terminal Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Muhammad Rafiq;Hengyue Li;Junliang Yang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"One of the primary barriers to the advancement of high-efficiency energy conversion technologies is the Shockley-Queisser limit, which imposes a fundamental efficiency constraint on single-junction solar cells. The advent of multi-junction solar cells provides a formidable alternative to this obstacle. Among these, organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have captured substantial interest due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, including tunable bandgaps and high-power conversion efficiencies, positioning them as prime candidates for multi-junction photovoltaic systems. We give a review of the latest advancements in four-terminal (4T) perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs), emphasizing four pertinent configurations: perovskite-silicon (PVK/Si), perovskite-perovskite (PVK/PVK), perovskite-Cu(In,Ga)Se\u0000<inf>2</inf>\u0000 (PVK/CIGS), and perovskite-organic (PVK/organic), as well as other emerging 4T perovskite TSCs. Further, it also emphasizes the advancement of semitransparent wide-bandgap PSCs for TSC applications, tackling important issues and outlining potential future directions for optimizing 4T tandem design performance.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 4","pages":"216-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power flow adjustment is a sequential decision problem. The operator makes decisions to ensure that the power flow meets the system's operational constraints, thereby obtaining a typical operating mode power flow. However, this decision-making method relies heavily on human experience, which is inefficient when the system is complex. In addition, the results given by the current evaluation system are difficult to directly guide the intelligent power flow adjustment. In order to improve the efficiency and intelligence of power flow adjustment, this paper proposes a power flow adjustment method based on deep reinforcement learning. Combining deep reinforcement learning theory with traditional power system operation mode analysis, the concept of region mapping is proposed to describe the adjustment process, so as to analyze the process of power flow calculation and manual adjustment. Considering the characteristics of power flow adjustment, a Markov decision process model suitable for power flow adjustment is constructed. On this basis, a double Q network learning method suitable for power flow adjustment is proposed. This method can adjust the power flow according to the set adjustment route, thus improving the intelligent level of power flow adjustment. The method in this paper is tested on China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI) test system.
{"title":"Intelligent Adjustment for Power System Operation Mode Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Wei Hu;Ning Mi;Shuang Wu;Huiling Zhang;Zhewen Hu;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Power flow adjustment is a sequential decision problem. The operator makes decisions to ensure that the power flow meets the system's operational constraints, thereby obtaining a typical operating mode power flow. However, this decision-making method relies heavily on human experience, which is inefficient when the system is complex. In addition, the results given by the current evaluation system are difficult to directly guide the intelligent power flow adjustment. In order to improve the efficiency and intelligence of power flow adjustment, this paper proposes a power flow adjustment method based on deep reinforcement learning. Combining deep reinforcement learning theory with traditional power system operation mode analysis, the concept of region mapping is proposed to describe the adjustment process, so as to analyze the process of power flow calculation and manual adjustment. Considering the characteristics of power flow adjustment, a Markov decision process model suitable for power flow adjustment is constructed. On this basis, a double Q network learning method suitable for power flow adjustment is proposed. This method can adjust the power flow according to the set adjustment route, thus improving the intelligent level of power flow adjustment. The method in this paper is tested on China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI) test system.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 4","pages":"252-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accurate forecast of wind power is crucial for the stable operation and economic dispatch of renewable energy power systems. To improve the accuracy of ultra-short-term wind-power forecast, we propose an improved model combining a convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional long short-term memory, and an attention mechanism network. First, the basic principle of the proposed model is introduced along with its merits in ultra-short-term wind-power forecast. Then, relevant data are processed based on the Pearson similarity criterion, and relevant feature parameters for wind-power forecast are optimized. Finally, the proposed model is analyzed based on the public dataset of the Baidu KDD Cup 2022 wind-power forecast competition and actual data from a wind farm in Shandong. Results show that the proposed model can effectively overcome the shortcomings of traditional forecast methods in terms of overfitting, feature extraction, and parameter tuning. Furthermore, the model exhibits higher forecast accuracy and stability.
{"title":"Ultra-Short-Term Wind-Power Forecasting Based on an Optimized CNN-BILSTM-Attention Model","authors":"Weilong Yu;Shuaibing Li;Hao Zhang;Yongqiang Kang;Hongwei Li;Haiying Dong","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0026","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate forecast of wind power is crucial for the stable operation and economic dispatch of renewable energy power systems. To improve the accuracy of ultra-short-term wind-power forecast, we propose an improved model combining a convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional long short-term memory, and an attention mechanism network. First, the basic principle of the proposed model is introduced along with its merits in ultra-short-term wind-power forecast. Then, relevant data are processed based on the Pearson similarity criterion, and relevant feature parameters for wind-power forecast are optimized. Finally, the proposed model is analyzed based on the public dataset of the Baidu KDD Cup 2022 wind-power forecast competition and actual data from a wind farm in Shandong. Results show that the proposed model can effectively overcome the shortcomings of traditional forecast methods in terms of overfitting, feature extraction, and parameter tuning. Furthermore, the model exhibits higher forecast accuracy and stability.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 4","pages":"268-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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