Epoxy resin (EP) has been widely utilized in electrical equipment and electronic devices due to its fascinating electric, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, the complex insulation structures of modern power devices in high-voltage direct current systems pose several challenges for EP-based dielectrics. The most significant among these challenges is the need for EP to stably operate under greater electric fields, requiring superior breakdown strength. This paper summarizes the key factors influencing the breakdown strength of EP and reviews reported methods for enhancing this property. Recognizing the limitations of existing approaches, we propose that the emerging technology of molecule design offers a potentially optimal solution for developing EP with enhanced breakdown strength. Furthermore, we anticipate the future development direction of EP with satisfactory insulation properties. We believe that enhancing the breakdown theory of solid dielectrics, exploring new research and development methodologies, and creating environmentally friendly EP with high performance are primary focus areas. We hope that this paper will offer guidance and support for the future development of EP with superior breakdown strength, proving valuable in advancing EP-based dielectrics.
环氧树脂（EP）具有迷人的电、热和机械特性，已被广泛应用于电气设备和电子设备中。然而，现代电力设备在高压直流系统中的复杂绝缘结构给 EP 类电介质带来了诸多挑战。其中最重要的挑战是 EP 需要在更大的电场下稳定工作，这就要求其具有卓越的击穿强度。本文总结了影响 EP 击穿强度的关键因素，并回顾了已报道的增强这一特性的方法。认识到现有方法的局限性，我们提出分子设计这一新兴技术为开发具有更强击穿强度的 EP 提供了潜在的最佳解决方案。此外，我们还预测了具有令人满意的绝缘性能的 EP 的未来发展方向。我们认为，增强固体电介质的击穿理论、探索新的研发方法以及创造具有高性能的环保型 EP 是主要的重点领域。我们希望本文能为具有优异击穿强度的 EP 的未来发展提供指导和支持，并证明其对推动 EP 类电介质的发展具有重要价值。
{"title":"Development of Epoxy Resin with Superior Breakdown Strength: A Review","authors":"Li Shengtao;Li Mingru","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Epoxy resin (EP) has been widely utilized in electrical equipment and electronic devices due to its fascinating electric, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, the complex insulation structures of modern power devices in high-voltage direct current systems pose several challenges for EP-based dielectrics. The most significant among these challenges is the need for EP to stably operate under greater electric fields, requiring superior breakdown strength. This paper summarizes the key factors influencing the breakdown strength of EP and reviews reported methods for enhancing this property. Recognizing the limitations of existing approaches, we propose that the emerging technology of molecule design offers a potentially optimal solution for developing EP with enhanced breakdown strength. Furthermore, we anticipate the future development direction of EP with satisfactory insulation properties. We believe that enhancing the breakdown theory of solid dielectrics, exploring new research and development methodologies, and creating environmentally friendly EP with high performance are primary focus areas. We hope that this paper will offer guidance and support for the future development of EP with superior breakdown strength, proving valuable in advancing EP-based dielectrics.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 2","pages":"82-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10587146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate prediction of electric vehicle (EV) charging loads is a foundational step in the establishment of expressway charging infrastructures. This study introduces an approach to enhance the precision of expressway EV charging load predictions. The method considers both the battery dynamic state-of-charge (SOC) and user charging decisions. Expressway network nodes were first extracted using the open Gaode Map API to establish a model that incorporates the expressway network and traffic flow features. A Gaussian mixture model is then employed to construct a SOC distribution model for mixed traffic flow. An innovative SOC dynamic translation model is then introduced to capture the dynamic characteristics of traffic flow SOC values. Based on this foundation, an EV charging decision model was developed which considers expressway node distinctions. EV travel characteristics are extracted from the NHTS2017 datasets to assist in constructing the model. Differentiated decision-making is achieved by utilizing improved Lognormal and Sigmoid functions. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a case study of the Lian-Huo expressway. An analysis of EV charging power converges with historical data and shows that the method accurately predicts the charging loads of EVs on expressways, thus revealing the efficacy of the proposed approach in predicting EV charging dynamics under expressway scenarios.
{"title":"Charging Load Prediction Method for Expressway Electric Vehicles Considering Dynamic Battery State-of-Charge and User Decision","authors":"Jiuding Tan;Shuaibing Li;Yi Cui;Zhixiang Lin;Yufeng Song;Yongqiang Kang;Haiying Dong","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate prediction of electric vehicle (EV) charging loads is a foundational step in the establishment of expressway charging infrastructures. This study introduces an approach to enhance the precision of expressway EV charging load predictions. The method considers both the battery dynamic state-of-charge (SOC) and user charging decisions. Expressway network nodes were first extracted using the open Gaode Map API to establish a model that incorporates the expressway network and traffic flow features. A Gaussian mixture model is then employed to construct a SOC distribution model for mixed traffic flow. An innovative SOC dynamic translation model is then introduced to capture the dynamic characteristics of traffic flow SOC values. Based on this foundation, an EV charging decision model was developed which considers expressway node distinctions. EV travel characteristics are extracted from the NHTS2017 datasets to assist in constructing the model. Differentiated decision-making is achieved by utilizing improved Lognormal and Sigmoid functions. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a case study of the Lian-Huo expressway. An analysis of EV charging power converges with historical data and shows that the method accurately predicts the charging loads of EVs on expressways, thus revealing the efficacy of the proposed approach in predicting EV charging dynamics under expressway scenarios.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 2","pages":"115-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10587177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grid-tie voltage source converters (VSCs) can operate in three distinct modes: AC-dominant, DC-dominant, and balanced, depending on the placement of the stiff voltage sources, as shown in Figure 1. The distinct operation modes of VSCs typically require different synchronization control techniques. For instance, the grid-following (GFL) control, which utilizes a phase-locked loop to track the AC grid phase and frequency, can be employed for VSCs operating in the AC-dominant mode and the balanced mode. On the other hand, the grid-forming (GFM) control is utilized for VSCs operating in the DC-dominant mode and the balanced mode. Therefore, neither GFM control nor GFL control can serve as a universal synchronization control technique for VSCs to operate in all of the three modes. While the combination of the GFL VSCs and the GFM VSCs can handle applications that require the VSCs to operate in all of the three modes, effectively accommodating and coordinating the heterogeneous GFL and GFM VSCs remains challenging for power systems.
{"title":"Transitioning from Heterogeneous VSC to Homogeneous VSC Based Power Systems: Leveraging Dual-Port Grid-Forming VSCs","authors":"Shuo Zhang;Wei Qiao;Liyan Qu;Jun Wang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-tie voltage source converters (VSCs) can operate in three distinct modes: AC-dominant, DC-dominant, and balanced, depending on the placement of the stiff voltage sources, as shown in Figure 1. The distinct operation modes of VSCs typically require different synchronization control techniques. For instance, the grid-following (GFL) control, which utilizes a phase-locked loop to track the AC grid phase and frequency, can be employed for VSCs operating in the AC-dominant mode and the balanced mode. On the other hand, the grid-forming (GFM) control is utilized for VSCs operating in the DC-dominant mode and the balanced mode. Therefore, neither GFM control nor GFL control can serve as a universal synchronization control technique for VSCs to operate in all of the three modes. While the combination of the GFL VSCs and the GFM VSCs can handle applications that require the VSCs to operate in all of the three modes, effectively accommodating and coordinating the heterogeneous GFL and GFM VSCs remains challenging for power systems.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 2","pages":"75-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10587142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ningyu Ren;Liguo Tan;Minghao Li;Junjie Zhou;Yiran Ye;Boxin Jiao;Liming Ding;Chenyi Yi
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are highly desired power sources for aerospace crafts and flexible electronics. However, their PCEs still lag far behind their rigid counterparts. Herein, we report a high PCE FPSC by controllable growth of a SnO2 electron transport layer through constant pH chemical bath deposition (CBD). The application of SnSO4 as tin source enables us to perform CBD without strong acid, which in turn makes it applicable to acid-sensitive flexible indium tin oxide. Furthermore, a mild and controllable growth environment leads to uniform particle growth and dense SnO 2 deposition with full coverage and reproducibility, resulting in a record PCE of up to 25.09% (certified 24.90%) for FPSCs to date. The as-fabricated FPSCs exhibited high durability, maintaining over 90% of their initial PCE after 10000 bending cycles.
{"title":"25% - Efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells via controllable growth of SnO2","authors":"Ningyu Ren;Liguo Tan;Minghao Li;Junjie Zhou;Yiran Ye;Boxin Jiao;Liming Ding;Chenyi Yi","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0001","url":null,"abstract":"High power conversion efficiency (PCE) flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are highly desired power sources for aerospace crafts and flexible electronics. However, their PCEs still lag far behind their rigid counterparts. Herein, we report a high PCE FPSC by controllable growth of a SnO2 electron transport layer through constant pH chemical bath deposition (CBD). The application of SnSO4 as tin source enables us to perform CBD without strong acid, which in turn makes it applicable to acid-sensitive flexible indium tin oxide. Furthermore, a mild and controllable growth environment leads to uniform particle growth and dense SnO\u0000<inf>2</inf>\u0000 deposition with full coverage and reproducibility, resulting in a record PCE of up to 25.09% (certified 24.90%) for FPSCs to date. The as-fabricated FPSCs exhibited high durability, maintaining over 90% of their initial PCE after 10000 bending cycles.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10478316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grid-tie voltage source converters (VSCs) can operate in three distinct modes: AC-dominant, DC-dominant, and balanced, depending on the placement of the stiff voltage sources. The distinct operation modes of the VSCs traditionally demand different synchronization control techniques, leading to heterogeneous VSCs. It is challenging for the power system to accommodate and coordinate heterogeneous VSCs. A promising universal synchronization control technique for VSCs is the DC-link voltage synchronization control (DVSC) based on a lead compensator (LC). The LC DVSC stabilizes both the DC and AC voltages of a VSC while achieving synchronization with the AC grid. This results in a dual-port grid-forming (DGFM) characteristic for the VSC. However, there has been very limited study on the stability and synchronization controller design of the VSCs with the LC DVSC operating in various modes. To bridge this gap, the paper presents a quantitative analysis on the stability and steady-state performance of the LC DVSC in all three operation modes of the DGFM VSC. Based on the analysis, the paper provides step-by-step design guidelines for the LC DVSC. Furthermore, the paper uncovers an instability issue related to the LC DVSC when the DGFM VSC operates in the balanced mode. To tackle the instability issue, a virtual resistance control is proposed and integrated with the LC DVSC. Simulation results validate the analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the DGFM VSC with the LC DVSC designed using the proposed guidelines in all three operation modes. Overall, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of employing the DGFM VSC with the LC DVSC for all three possible operation modes, which can help overcome the challenges associated with accommodating and coordinating heterogeneous VSCs in the power system.
{"title":"Analysis and synchronization controller design of dual-port grid-forming voltage-source converters for different operation modes","authors":"Shuo Zhang;Wei Qiao;Liyan Qu;Jun Wang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-tie voltage source converters (VSCs) can operate in three distinct modes: AC-dominant, DC-dominant, and balanced, depending on the placement of the stiff voltage sources. The distinct operation modes of the VSCs traditionally demand different synchronization control techniques, leading to heterogeneous VSCs. It is challenging for the power system to accommodate and coordinate heterogeneous VSCs. A promising universal synchronization control technique for VSCs is the DC-link voltage synchronization control (DVSC) based on a lead compensator (LC). The LC DVSC stabilizes both the DC and AC voltages of a VSC while achieving synchronization with the AC grid. This results in a dual-port grid-forming (DGFM) characteristic for the VSC. However, there has been very limited study on the stability and synchronization controller design of the VSCs with the LC DVSC operating in various modes. To bridge this gap, the paper presents a quantitative analysis on the stability and steady-state performance of the LC DVSC in all three operation modes of the DGFM VSC. Based on the analysis, the paper provides step-by-step design guidelines for the LC DVSC. Furthermore, the paper uncovers an instability issue related to the LC DVSC when the DGFM VSC operates in the balanced mode. To tackle the instability issue, a virtual resistance control is proposed and integrated with the LC DVSC. Simulation results validate the analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the DGFM VSC with the LC DVSC designed using the proposed guidelines in all three operation modes. Overall, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of employing the DGFM VSC with the LC DVSC for all three possible operation modes, which can help overcome the challenges associated with accommodating and coordinating heterogeneous VSCs in the power system.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From November 30 to December 13, 2023, the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) was convened at Dubai Expo City in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)(Figure 1). Sultan AI Jaber, the CEO of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, presided over the conference. The primary aims of the conference were to finalize the first global stocktake, facilitate ambitious climate targets, bolster climate financing for developing countries, and expedite investments in climate adaptation efforts.
{"title":"The UAE consensus: “Beginning of the End” of the fossil fuel era","authors":"Wenjuan Dong;Weirong Zhang;Ershun Du;Zheng Li","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0006","url":null,"abstract":"From November 30 to December 13, 2023, the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) was convened at Dubai Expo City in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)(Figure 1). Sultan AI Jaber, the CEO of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, presided over the conference. The primary aims of the conference were to finalize the first global stocktake, facilitate ambitious climate targets, bolster climate financing for developing countries, and expedite investments in climate adaptation efforts.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Di Yang;Paul R. Shearing;Jason Millichamp;Theo Suter;Dan J. L. Brett;James B. Robinson
As we enter the age of electrochemical propulsion, there is an increasing tendency to discuss the viability or otherwise of different electrochemical propulsion systems in zero-sum terms. These discussions are often grounded in a specific use case; however, given the need to electrify the wider transport sector it is evident that we must consider systems in a holistic fashion. When designed adequately, the hybridisation of power sources within automotive applications has been demonstrated to positively impact fuel cell efficiency, durability, and cost, while having potential benefits for the safety of vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the fuel cell to battery hybridisation degree is explored through the key design parameter of system mass. Different fuel cell electric hybrid vehicle (FCHEV) scenarios of various hydridisation degrees, including light-duty vehicles (LDVs), Class 8 heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), and buses are modelled to enable the appropriate sizing of the proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) stack and lithiumion battery (LiB) pack and additional balance of plant. The operating conditions of the modelled PEMFC stack and battery pack are then varied under a range of relevant drive cycles to identify the relative performance of the systems. By extending the model further and incorporating a feedback loop, we are able to remove the need to include estimated vehicle masses a priori enabling improving the speed and accuracy of the model as an analysis tool for vehicle mass and performance estimation.
{"title":"An adaptive fuel cell hybrid vehicle propulsion sizing model","authors":"Jia Di Yang;Paul R. Shearing;Jason Millichamp;Theo Suter;Dan J. L. Brett;James B. Robinson","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0008","url":null,"abstract":"As we enter the age of electrochemical propulsion, there is an increasing tendency to discuss the viability or otherwise of different electrochemical propulsion systems in zero-sum terms. These discussions are often grounded in a specific use case; however, given the need to electrify the wider transport sector it is evident that we must consider systems in a holistic fashion. When designed adequately, the hybridisation of power sources within automotive applications has been demonstrated to positively impact fuel cell efficiency, durability, and cost, while having potential benefits for the safety of vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the fuel cell to battery hybridisation degree is explored through the key design parameter of system mass. Different fuel cell electric hybrid vehicle (FCHEV) scenarios of various hydridisation degrees, including light-duty vehicles (LDVs), Class 8 heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), and buses are modelled to enable the appropriate sizing of the proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) stack and lithiumion battery (LiB) pack and additional balance of plant. The operating conditions of the modelled PEMFC stack and battery pack are then varied under a range of relevant drive cycles to identify the relative performance of the systems. By extending the model further and incorporating a feedback loop, we are able to remove the need to include estimated vehicle masses a priori enabling improving the speed and accuracy of the model as an analysis tool for vehicle mass and performance estimation.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Guo;Sajian Wu;Xiaojun Guo;Dexu Zheng;Yan Zhu;Jishuang Liu;Xinxin Xing;Haoxiang Zhang;Shengzhong Frank Liu
As a burgeoning energy storage technology, Zn microbatteries (ZMBs) exhibit expansive potential for applications. This article initially presents a method for fabricating ZMBs utilizing interdigitated electrodes, employing advanced techniques such as 3D printing, screen printing, laser etching, and electrodeposition. These methodologies play a crucial role in mitigating anode-related issues, consequently enhancing battery performance. Subsequently, the challenges encountered by ZMBs anodes, including dendrite formation, corrosion passivation, hydrogen evolution, and Zn cycle exfoliation, are thoroughly examined. Lastly, a comprehensive strategy for stabilizing the anode is delineated, encompassing anode material selection, anode structure construction, interface engineering, and electrolyte optimization. In essence, the preparation and fine-tuning of ZMBs present ongoing challenges. With continued research and development efforts, it is anticipated that ZMBs will attain efficient, stable, and secure performance on the microscale, offering enduring and dependable energy solutions for applications in miniature electronic devices and wearable technology.
作为一种新兴的储能技术，锌微电池（ZMB）展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文初步介绍了一种利用相互咬合电极制造 ZMB 的方法，其中采用了 3D 打印、丝网印刷、激光蚀刻和电沉积等先进技术。这些方法在缓解阳极相关问题方面发挥了重要作用，从而提高了电池性能。随后，深入研究了 ZMB 阳极遇到的挑战，包括枝晶形成、腐蚀钝化、氢演化和锌循环剥离。最后，阐述了稳定阳极的综合策略，包括阳极材料选择、阳极结构构建、界面工程和电解质优化。从本质上讲，ZMB 的制备和微调是一项持续的挑战。随着研发工作的不断深入，预计 ZMB 将在微米尺度上实现高效、稳定和安全的性能，为微型电子设备和可穿戴技术的应用提供持久可靠的能源解决方案。
{"title":"A review of the preparation process and anode stabilization strategies of Zn microbatteries","authors":"Xin Guo;Sajian Wu;Xiaojun Guo;Dexu Zheng;Yan Zhu;Jishuang Liu;Xinxin Xing;Haoxiang Zhang;Shengzhong Frank Liu","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"As a burgeoning energy storage technology, Zn microbatteries (ZMBs) exhibit expansive potential for applications. This article initially presents a method for fabricating ZMBs utilizing interdigitated electrodes, employing advanced techniques such as 3D printing, screen printing, laser etching, and electrodeposition. These methodologies play a crucial role in mitigating anode-related issues, consequently enhancing battery performance. Subsequently, the challenges encountered by ZMBs anodes, including dendrite formation, corrosion passivation, hydrogen evolution, and Zn cycle exfoliation, are thoroughly examined. Lastly, a comprehensive strategy for stabilizing the anode is delineated, encompassing anode material selection, anode structure construction, interface engineering, and electrolyte optimization. In essence, the preparation and fine-tuning of ZMBs present ongoing challenges. With continued research and development efforts, it is anticipated that ZMBs will attain efficient, stable, and secure performance on the microscale, offering enduring and dependable energy solutions for applications in miniature electronic devices and wearable technology.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"12-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the progression of information technology and the trend of ubiquitous connectivity, the measurement of weak electromagnetic signals assumes an irreplaceable role. As an illustration, it holds significance in monitoring the reliability of power systems, evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility within semiconductor foundries, and facilitating radar imaging for vehicles. Optical electric field measurement offers rapid response time and broad bandwidth capability. However, due to material and fabrication limitations, challenges persist, such as sensitivity, long-term stability, and miniaturization.
{"title":"Miniaturized electric field sensors with enhanced sensitivity down to 5.2 μV/(m.Hz1/2)","authors":"Weidong Zhou","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"With the progression of information technology and the trend of ubiquitous connectivity, the measurement of weak electromagnetic signals assumes an irreplaceable role. As an illustration, it holds significance in monitoring the reliability of power systems, evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility within semiconductor foundries, and facilitating radar imaging for vehicles. Optical electric field measurement offers rapid response time and broad bandwidth capability. However, due to material and fabrication limitations, challenges persist, such as sensitivity, long-term stability, and miniaturization.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"6-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under the pressure of environmental issues, decarbonization of the entire energy system has emerged as a prevalent strategy worldwide. The evolution of China's power system will increasingly emphasize the integration of variable renewable energy (VRE). However, the rapid growth of VRE will pose substantial challenges to the power system, highlighting the importance of power system planning. This letter introduces Grid Optimal Planning Tool (GOPT), a planning tool, and presents the key findings of our research utilizing GOPT to analyze the transition pathway of China's power system towards dual carbon goals. Furthermore, the letter offers insights into key technologies essential for driving the future transition of China's power system.
{"title":"Power system decarbonization pathway of China","authors":"Chongqing Kang;Ziyang Zhang;Hongyi Wei;Ershun Du;Peng Wang;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Under the pressure of environmental issues, decarbonization of the entire energy system has emerged as a prevalent strategy worldwide. The evolution of China's power system will increasingly emphasize the integration of variable renewable energy (VRE). However, the rapid growth of VRE will pose substantial challenges to the power system, highlighting the importance of power system planning. This letter introduces Grid Optimal Planning Tool (GOPT), a planning tool, and presents the key findings of our research utilizing GOPT to analyze the transition pathway of China's power system towards dual carbon goals. Furthermore, the letter offers insights into key technologies essential for driving the future transition of China's power system.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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