From November 30 to December 13, 2023, the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) was convened at Dubai Expo City in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)(Figure 1). Sultan AI Jaber, the CEO of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, presided over the conference. The primary aims of the conference were to finalize the first global stocktake, facilitate ambitious climate targets, bolster climate financing for developing countries, and expedite investments in climate adaptation efforts.
{"title":"The UAE consensus: “Beginning of the End” of the fossil fuel era","authors":"Wenjuan Dong;Weirong Zhang;Ershun Du;Zheng Li","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0006","url":null,"abstract":"From November 30 to December 13, 2023, the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) was convened at Dubai Expo City in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)(Figure 1). Sultan AI Jaber, the CEO of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, presided over the conference. The primary aims of the conference were to finalize the first global stocktake, facilitate ambitious climate targets, bolster climate financing for developing countries, and expedite investments in climate adaptation efforts.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Di Yang;Paul R. Shearing;Jason Millichamp;Theo Suter;Dan J. L. Brett;James B. Robinson
As we enter the age of electrochemical propulsion, there is an increasing tendency to discuss the viability or otherwise of different electrochemical propulsion systems in zero-sum terms. These discussions are often grounded in a specific use case; however, given the need to electrify the wider transport sector it is evident that we must consider systems in a holistic fashion. When designed adequately, the hybridisation of power sources within automotive applications has been demonstrated to positively impact fuel cell efficiency, durability, and cost, while having potential benefits for the safety of vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the fuel cell to battery hybridisation degree is explored through the key design parameter of system mass. Different fuel cell electric hybrid vehicle (FCHEV) scenarios of various hydridisation degrees, including light-duty vehicles (LDVs), Class 8 heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), and buses are modelled to enable the appropriate sizing of the proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) stack and lithiumion battery (LiB) pack and additional balance of plant. The operating conditions of the modelled PEMFC stack and battery pack are then varied under a range of relevant drive cycles to identify the relative performance of the systems. By extending the model further and incorporating a feedback loop, we are able to remove the need to include estimated vehicle masses a priori enabling improving the speed and accuracy of the model as an analysis tool for vehicle mass and performance estimation.
{"title":"An adaptive fuel cell hybrid vehicle propulsion sizing model","authors":"Jia Di Yang;Paul R. Shearing;Jason Millichamp;Theo Suter;Dan J. L. Brett;James B. Robinson","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0008","url":null,"abstract":"As we enter the age of electrochemical propulsion, there is an increasing tendency to discuss the viability or otherwise of different electrochemical propulsion systems in zero-sum terms. These discussions are often grounded in a specific use case; however, given the need to electrify the wider transport sector it is evident that we must consider systems in a holistic fashion. When designed adequately, the hybridisation of power sources within automotive applications has been demonstrated to positively impact fuel cell efficiency, durability, and cost, while having potential benefits for the safety of vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the fuel cell to battery hybridisation degree is explored through the key design parameter of system mass. Different fuel cell electric hybrid vehicle (FCHEV) scenarios of various hydridisation degrees, including light-duty vehicles (LDVs), Class 8 heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), and buses are modelled to enable the appropriate sizing of the proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) stack and lithiumion battery (LiB) pack and additional balance of plant. The operating conditions of the modelled PEMFC stack and battery pack are then varied under a range of relevant drive cycles to identify the relative performance of the systems. By extending the model further and incorporating a feedback loop, we are able to remove the need to include estimated vehicle masses a priori enabling improving the speed and accuracy of the model as an analysis tool for vehicle mass and performance estimation.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Guo;Sajian Wu;Xiaojun Guo;Dexu Zheng;Yan Zhu;Jishuang Liu;Xinxin Xing;Haoxiang Zhang;Shengzhong Frank Liu
As a burgeoning energy storage technology, Zn microbatteries (ZMBs) exhibit expansive potential for applications. This article initially presents a method for fabricating ZMBs utilizing interdigitated electrodes, employing advanced techniques such as 3D printing, screen printing, laser etching, and electrodeposition. These methodologies play a crucial role in mitigating anode-related issues, consequently enhancing battery performance. Subsequently, the challenges encountered by ZMBs anodes, including dendrite formation, corrosion passivation, hydrogen evolution, and Zn cycle exfoliation, are thoroughly examined. Lastly, a comprehensive strategy for stabilizing the anode is delineated, encompassing anode material selection, anode structure construction, interface engineering, and electrolyte optimization. In essence, the preparation and fine-tuning of ZMBs present ongoing challenges. With continued research and development efforts, it is anticipated that ZMBs will attain efficient, stable, and secure performance on the microscale, offering enduring and dependable energy solutions for applications in miniature electronic devices and wearable technology.
作为一种新兴的储能技术，锌微电池（ZMB）展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文初步介绍了一种利用相互咬合电极制造 ZMB 的方法，其中采用了 3D 打印、丝网印刷、激光蚀刻和电沉积等先进技术。这些方法在缓解阳极相关问题方面发挥了重要作用，从而提高了电池性能。随后，深入研究了 ZMB 阳极遇到的挑战，包括枝晶形成、腐蚀钝化、氢演化和锌循环剥离。最后，阐述了稳定阳极的综合策略，包括阳极材料选择、阳极结构构建、界面工程和电解质优化。从本质上讲，ZMB 的制备和微调是一项持续的挑战。随着研发工作的不断深入，预计 ZMB 将在微米尺度上实现高效、稳定和安全的性能，为微型电子设备和可穿戴技术的应用提供持久可靠的能源解决方案。
{"title":"A review of the preparation process and anode stabilization strategies of Zn microbatteries","authors":"Xin Guo;Sajian Wu;Xiaojun Guo;Dexu Zheng;Yan Zhu;Jishuang Liu;Xinxin Xing;Haoxiang Zhang;Shengzhong Frank Liu","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"As a burgeoning energy storage technology, Zn microbatteries (ZMBs) exhibit expansive potential for applications. This article initially presents a method for fabricating ZMBs utilizing interdigitated electrodes, employing advanced techniques such as 3D printing, screen printing, laser etching, and electrodeposition. These methodologies play a crucial role in mitigating anode-related issues, consequently enhancing battery performance. Subsequently, the challenges encountered by ZMBs anodes, including dendrite formation, corrosion passivation, hydrogen evolution, and Zn cycle exfoliation, are thoroughly examined. Lastly, a comprehensive strategy for stabilizing the anode is delineated, encompassing anode material selection, anode structure construction, interface engineering, and electrolyte optimization. In essence, the preparation and fine-tuning of ZMBs present ongoing challenges. With continued research and development efforts, it is anticipated that ZMBs will attain efficient, stable, and secure performance on the microscale, offering enduring and dependable energy solutions for applications in miniature electronic devices and wearable technology.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"12-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under the pressure of environmental issues, decarbonization of the entire energy system has emerged as a prevalent strategy worldwide. The evolution of China's power system will increasingly emphasize the integration of variable renewable energy (VRE). However, the rapid growth of VRE will pose substantial challenges to the power system, highlighting the importance of power system planning. This letter introduces Grid Optimal Planning Tool (GOPT), a planning tool, and presents the key findings of our research utilizing GOPT to analyze the transition pathway of China's power system towards dual carbon goals. Furthermore, the letter offers insights into key technologies essential for driving the future transition of China's power system.
{"title":"Power system decarbonization pathway of China","authors":"Chongqing Kang;Ziyang Zhang;Hongyi Wei;Ershun Du;Peng Wang;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Under the pressure of environmental issues, decarbonization of the entire energy system has emerged as a prevalent strategy worldwide. The evolution of China's power system will increasingly emphasize the integration of variable renewable energy (VRE). However, the rapid growth of VRE will pose substantial challenges to the power system, highlighting the importance of power system planning. This letter introduces Grid Optimal Planning Tool (GOPT), a planning tool, and presents the key findings of our research utilizing GOPT to analyze the transition pathway of China's power system towards dual carbon goals. Furthermore, the letter offers insights into key technologies essential for driving the future transition of China's power system.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transition toward a sustainable, low-carbon energy future requires innovative, integrated solutions. Hybrid solar-hydrogen systems (HSHSs), which combine solar energy harvesting and hydrogen production, have excellent prosepects to address challenges related to renewable energy generation, storage, and usage. This article presents an overview of the research on the technical and economic feasibility of HSHSs, aimed at comprehensively articulating their current state, notable advancements, and future research directions. It begins by elucidating solar energy principles and conversion methods and emphasizing the potential of solar energy for hydrogen production. This study then explores the definitions, components, and synergistic integration of HSHSs. Optimized energy conversion and storage methods for efficient hydrogen production and storage are also highlighted. This study reviews the techniques employed for techno-economic evaluations over the last six years, addressing challenges such as the intermittency of solar energy and the efficiency of hydrogen production technologies. This review of the ongoing research provides helpful insights into the technological and economic feasibility of HSHSs. This underscores the necessity of continuous research and development efforts to overcome existing challenges and unlock their full potential. These systems can play a vital role in achieving a cleaner and more resilient energy future by optimizing the system performance, reducing costs, and fostering supportive policy frameworks.
{"title":"Assessing the techno-economic feasibility of hybrid solar-hydrogen systems: A review of recent studies","authors":"Emmanuel Akono Sarsah;Albert Kojo Sunnu;Abdul-Rahim Bawa","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Transition toward a sustainable, low-carbon energy future requires innovative, integrated solutions. Hybrid solar-hydrogen systems (HSHSs), which combine solar energy harvesting and hydrogen production, have excellent prosepects to address challenges related to renewable energy generation, storage, and usage. This article presents an overview of the research on the technical and economic feasibility of HSHSs, aimed at comprehensively articulating their current state, notable advancements, and future research directions. It begins by elucidating solar energy principles and conversion methods and emphasizing the potential of solar energy for hydrogen production. This study then explores the definitions, components, and synergistic integration of HSHSs. Optimized energy conversion and storage methods for efficient hydrogen production and storage are also highlighted. This study reviews the techniques employed for techno-economic evaluations over the last six years, addressing challenges such as the intermittency of solar energy and the efficiency of hydrogen production technologies. This review of the ongoing research provides helpful insights into the technological and economic feasibility of HSHSs. This underscores the necessity of continuous research and development efforts to overcome existing challenges and unlock their full potential. These systems can play a vital role in achieving a cleaner and more resilient energy future by optimizing the system performance, reducing costs, and fostering supportive policy frameworks.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the progression of information technology and the trend of ubiquitous connectivity, the measurement of weak electromagnetic signals assumes an irreplaceable role. As an illustration, it holds significance in monitoring the reliability of power systems, evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility within semiconductor foundries, and facilitating radar imaging for vehicles. Optical electric field measurement offers rapid response time and broad bandwidth capability. However, due to material and fabrication limitations, challenges persist, such as sensitivity, long-term stability, and miniaturization.
{"title":"Miniaturized electric field sensors with enhanced sensitivity down to 5.2 μV/(m.Hz1/2)","authors":"Weidong Zhou","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"With the progression of information technology and the trend of ubiquitous connectivity, the measurement of weak electromagnetic signals assumes an irreplaceable role. As an illustration, it holds significance in monitoring the reliability of power systems, evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility within semiconductor foundries, and facilitating radar imaging for vehicles. Optical electric field measurement offers rapid response time and broad bandwidth capability. However, due to material and fabrication limitations, challenges persist, such as sensitivity, long-term stability, and miniaturization.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"6-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among various power system disturbances, cascading failures are considered the most serious and extreme threats to grid operations, potentially leading to significant stability issues or even widespread power blackouts. Simulating power systems' behaviors during cascading failures is of great importance to comprehend how failures originate and propagate, as well as to develop effective preventive and mitigative control strategies. The intricate mechanism of cascading failures, characterized by multi-timescale dynamics, presents exceptional challenges for their simulations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of simulation models for cascading failures, providing a systematic categorization and a comparison of these models. The challenges and potential research directions for the future are also discussed.
{"title":"A Review on Simulation Models of Cascading Failures in Power Systems","authors":"Zhenping Guo;Kai Sun;Xiaowen Su;Srdjan Simunovic","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0039","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Among various power system disturbances, cascading failures are considered the most serious and extreme threats to grid operations, potentially leading to significant stability issues or even widespread power blackouts. Simulating power systems' behaviors during cascading failures is of great importance to comprehend how failures originate and propagate, as well as to develop effective preventive and mitigative control strategies. The intricate mechanism of cascading failures, characterized by multi-timescale dynamics, presents exceptional challenges for their simulations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of simulation models for cascading failures, providing a systematic categorization and a comparison of these models. The challenges and potential research directions for the future are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"284-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10376472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139060084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While lithium-ion batteries are widely deployed to large-scale applications, such as electric vehicles and stationary energy storage plants, the gradual degradation of batteries impose significant influence on their safety and efficiency during operation. Thus, an accurate method needs to be developed to estimate the battery state of health (SOH). Existing SOH estimation methods in recent literature mainly fall into two categories: model-based and datadriven methods. Model-based methods attempt to expand the original battery model by taking into account various factors affecting the battery degradation. Data-driven methods aim to characterize the relation between battery SOH and various health indicators by machine learning. Once the training process has been completed, such data-driven methods are less complex to implement than model-based methods, making them more promising for practical applications.
{"title":"An Accurate Battery State of Health Estimation Method Easy to Imlement After Charging","authors":"Weiji Han;Changyou Geng","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0043","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0043","url":null,"abstract":"While lithium-ion batteries are widely deployed to large-scale applications, such as electric vehicles and stationary energy storage plants, the gradual degradation of batteries impose significant influence on their safety and efficiency during operation. Thus, an accurate method needs to be developed to estimate the battery state of health (SOH). Existing SOH estimation methods in recent literature mainly fall into two categories: model-based and datadriven methods. Model-based methods attempt to expand the original battery model by taking into account various factors affecting the battery degradation. Data-driven methods aim to characterize the relation between battery SOH and various health indicators by machine learning. Once the training process has been completed, such data-driven methods are less complex to implement than model-based methods, making them more promising for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"257-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10376445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139060264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The United States (US)-China Scientific Workshop on Carbon Neutrality and Climate Change was successfully held at Harvard University on December 1 and 2, 2023 (see Figure 1). Top scholars and experts from China and the US came together to deeply explore seven key issues related to carbon neutrality and climate change to promote cooperation and exchange in this vital area between the two countries.
{"title":"The US-China Scientific Workshop on Carbon Neutrality and Climate Change","authors":"Jin Lin;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0040","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0040","url":null,"abstract":"The United States (US)-China Scientific Workshop on Carbon Neutrality and Climate Change was successfully held at Harvard University on December 1 and 2, 2023 (see Figure 1). Top scholars and experts from China and the US came together to deeply explore seven key issues related to carbon neutrality and climate change to promote cooperation and exchange in this vital area between the two countries.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"252-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10376443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139060066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fourth issue of iEnergy in 2023 has arrived, with 11 papers published, including 2 news and views, 2 highlights, 1 letter, 3 review articles, and 3 original research articles.
{"title":"Empowering the grid: Unveiling innovations shaping the future of new-type power systems","authors":"","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0045","DOIUrl":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0045","url":null,"abstract":"The fourth issue of iEnergy in 2023 has arrived, with 11 papers published, including 2 news and views, 2 highlights, 1 letter, 3 review articles, and 3 original research articles.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 4","pages":"251-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10376475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139060263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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