New semiconductor materials offer several advantages for modern power systems, including low switching and conduction losses, excellent thermal conduction of a die, and high operation temperature. Avionics is one of the main beneficiaries of the progress in power devices, as it enables more compact and lighter converters for future More Electrical Aircraft. However, these advancements also come with new challenges that must be addressed to avoid potentially dangerous situations and fully utilize the capabilities of fast SiC MOSFETs. One such challenge is the high drain voltage rate during the switching process, which leads to a significant injection of current into the gate circuit (crosstalk effect). This increased current injection increases the risk of shoot-through conduction and thermal runaway. Although preventive measures are well-known, they offer limited protection in the case of parallel MOSFET connections. Therefore, this paper considers crosstalk features for parallel MOSFET connections, such as parasitic inductance of gate driver trace and gate voltage distribution. A special model is proposed to predict the magnitude of induced gate voltage under different conditions considering the nonlinear behavior of the MOSFET reverse capacitance. A new clamp circuit with an individual low-inductance path for each parallel switch is also proposed to suppress the consequences of crosstalk. The modified circuit operates independently from the main gate driver circuit; therefore, it does not change the switching time and electromagnetic interference pattern of the inverter. The efficiency of the new gate driver is confirmed through simulation and experimental results.
{"title":"A gate driver for parallel connected MOSFETs with crosstalk suppression","authors":"Yury Mikhaylov;Giampaolo Buticchi;Michael Galea","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0024","url":null,"abstract":"New semiconductor materials offer several advantages for modern power systems, including low switching and conduction losses, excellent thermal conduction of a die, and high operation temperature. Avionics is one of the main beneficiaries of the progress in power devices, as it enables more compact and lighter converters for future More Electrical Aircraft. However, these advancements also come with new challenges that must be addressed to avoid potentially dangerous situations and fully utilize the capabilities of fast SiC MOSFETs. One such challenge is the high drain voltage rate during the switching process, which leads to a significant injection of current into the gate circuit (crosstalk effect). This increased current injection increases the risk of shoot-through conduction and thermal runaway. Although preventive measures are well-known, they offer limited protection in the case of parallel MOSFET connections. Therefore, this paper considers crosstalk features for parallel MOSFET connections, such as parasitic inductance of gate driver trace and gate voltage distribution. A special model is proposed to predict the magnitude of induced gate voltage under different conditions considering the nonlinear behavior of the MOSFET reverse capacitance. A new clamp circuit with an individual low-inductance path for each parallel switch is also proposed to suppress the consequences of crosstalk. The modified circuit operates independently from the main gate driver circuit; therefore, it does not change the switching time and electromagnetic interference pattern of the inverter. The efficiency of the new gate driver is confirmed through simulation and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 3","pages":"240-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the Industrial Energy Efficiency Conference 2023 was held at Beijing West Suburb Hotel(see the figure). Zhi Hui, the secretary-general of the China Association of Industrial Energy Saving and Clean Production, pointed out at the conference that as China enters a new stage of high-quality development, industrial energy saving and efficiency improvement needs to shift to low-carbon energy, systematic whole-process energy conservation, and refined management.
{"title":"Boost industrial energy efficiency, Leading the way for industrial development","authors":"Hao Wu;Xiaobao Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the Industrial Energy Efficiency Conference 2023 was held at Beijing West Suburb Hotel(see the figure). Zhi Hui, the secretary-general of the China Association of Industrial Energy Saving and Clean Production, pointed out at the conference that as China enters a new stage of high-quality development, industrial energy saving and efficiency improvement needs to shift to low-carbon energy, systematic whole-process energy conservation, and refined management.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 3","pages":"157-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the integration of a voltage source converter (VSC), having variable internal voltages and source impedance, in a microgrid with high resistance to reactance ratio of short lines, angle-based transient stability techniques may find limitations. Under such a situation, the Lyapunov function can be a viable option for transient stability assessment (TSA) of such a VSC-interfaced microgrid. However, the determination of the Lyapunov function with the classical method is very challenging for a microgrid with converter controller dynamics. To overcome such challenges, this paper develops a physics-informed, Lyapunov function-based TSA framework for VSC-interfaced microgrids. The method uses the physics involved and the initial and boundary conditions of the system in learning the Lyapunov functions. This method is tested and validated under faults, droop-coefficient changes, generator outages, and load shedding on a small grid-connected microgrid and the CIGRE microgrid.
{"title":"Physics-informed transient stability assessment of microgrids","authors":"Priyanka Mishra;Peng Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0022","url":null,"abstract":"With the integration of a voltage source converter (VSC), having variable internal voltages and source impedance, in a microgrid with high resistance to reactance ratio of short lines, angle-based transient stability techniques may find limitations. Under such a situation, the Lyapunov function can be a viable option for transient stability assessment (TSA) of such a VSC-interfaced microgrid. However, the determination of the Lyapunov function with the classical method is very challenging for a microgrid with converter controller dynamics. To overcome such challenges, this paper develops a physics-informed, Lyapunov function-based TSA framework for VSC-interfaced microgrids. The method uses the physics involved and the initial and boundary conditions of the system in learning the Lyapunov functions. This method is tested and validated under faults, droop-coefficient changes, generator outages, and load shedding on a small grid-connected microgrid and the CIGRE microgrid.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 3","pages":"231-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With extraordinary advantages including fast switching transient processes, high operational temperature and great thermal conduction, new semiconductor materials provide a fascinating prospect for the future development of power electronic equipment. However, several challenges must be addressed before the power electronics goes comprehensive and mature. One such challenge faced by SiC MOSFET is the crosstalk effect, which refers to the current with a significant magnitude injecting into the gate circuit, when the devices meet high drain-source voltage in the fast-switching process. Although negative gate voltage is considered to be a rule of thumb to cover the problem, we still lack solutions for parallel SiC MOSFETs.
{"title":"Parallel arrangement of MOSFETs, effective suppression of crosstalk: A new gate driver topology","authors":"Jinpeng Wu","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0032","url":null,"abstract":"With extraordinary advantages including fast switching transient processes, high operational temperature and great thermal conduction, new semiconductor materials provide a fascinating prospect for the future development of power electronic equipment. However, several challenges must be addressed before the power electronics goes comprehensive and mature. One such challenge faced by SiC MOSFET is the crosstalk effect, which refers to the current with a significant magnitude injecting into the gate circuit, when the devices meet high drain-source voltage in the fast-switching process. Although negative gate voltage is considered to be a rule of thumb to cover the problem, we still lack solutions for parallel SiC MOSFETs.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 3","pages":"163-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation accounts for about 20% of the global greenhouse gas emissions, which is a major source of greenhouse gases. Road transportation accounts for three quarters of this share, while aviation and maritime transportation each account for 11% (see Figure 1). For improving the air quality and thus to achieve long term environmental sustainability, transportation electrification is an important area with the electricity used being generated from renewable energy sources. In 2022, there were 26 million electric cars on globally on the roads. Half of all electric vehicles (EVs) on the road were in China, according to the International Energy Agency's latest analysis of EV trends. In order to achieve net zero emissions from road vehicles by 2050, nearly 2 billion vehicles have to be either battery EVs or fuel cell based vehicles.
{"title":"Current and future trends in electrification of road and air transportation","authors":"Kaushik Rajashekara","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation accounts for about 20% of the global greenhouse gas emissions, which is a major source of greenhouse gases. Road transportation accounts for three quarters of this share, while aviation and maritime transportation each account for 11% (see Figure 1). For improving the air quality and thus to achieve long term environmental sustainability, transportation electrification is an important area with the electricity used being generated from renewable energy sources. In 2022, there were 26 million electric cars on globally on the roads. Half of all electric vehicles (EVs) on the road were in China, according to the International Energy Agency's latest analysis of EV trends. In order to achieve net zero emissions from road vehicles by 2050, nearly 2 billion vehicles have to be either battery EVs or fuel cell based vehicles.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 3","pages":"159-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reliability of energy systems is strongly influenced by the prevailing climate conditions. With the increasing prevalence of renewable energy sources, the interdependence between energy and climate systems has become even stronger. This study examines the impact of different spatial resolutions in climate modeling on energy grid reliability assessment, with the Texas interconnection between 2033 and 2043 serving as a pilot case study. Our preliminary findings indicate that while low-resolution climate simulations can provide a rough estimate of system reliability, high-resolution simulations can provide more informative assessment of low-adequacy extreme events. Furthermore, both high- and low-resolution assessments suggest the need to prepare for severe blackout events in winter due to extremely low temperatures.
{"title":"Impact of climate simulation resolutions on future energy system reliability assessment: A Texas case study","authors":"Xiangtian Zheng;Le Xie;Kiyeob Lee;Dan Fu;Jiahan Wu","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability of energy systems is strongly influenced by the prevailing climate conditions. With the increasing prevalence of renewable energy sources, the interdependence between energy and climate systems has become even stronger. This study examines the impact of different spatial resolutions in climate modeling on energy grid reliability assessment, with the Texas interconnection between 2033 and 2043 serving as a pilot case study. Our preliminary findings indicate that while low-resolution climate simulations can provide a rough estimate of system reliability, high-resolution simulations can provide more informative assessment of low-adequacy extreme events. Furthermore, both high- and low-resolution assessments suggest the need to prepare for severe blackout events in winter due to extremely low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 3","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous countries worldwide have committed to the decarbonization of their economies. These countries include both developed nations such as the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union member states, as well as recently developed nations like China. A commonly adopted strategy among these countries involves initiating the decar-bonization process within the power sector. This adoption is primarily motivated by two factors: first, the existence of well-established low-carbon power supply technologies, such as wind and solar PV second, the potential for extensive electrification of fossil fuel energy demand through rapidly advancing technologies, such as electric vehicles and heat pumps. Thus, decarbonizing the power sector represents the most logical starting point in the journey toward a low-carbon future.
{"title":"Transit cost effectively to a secure decarbonized energy system","authors":"Qingyu Xu;Jing Dai","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous countries worldwide have committed to the decarbonization of their economies. These countries include both developed nations such as the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union member states, as well as recently developed nations like China. A commonly adopted strategy among these countries involves initiating the decar-bonization process within the power sector. This adoption is primarily motivated by two factors: first, the existence of well-established low-carbon power supply technologies, such as wind and solar PV second, the potential for extensive electrification of fossil fuel energy demand through rapidly advancing technologies, such as electric vehicles and heat pumps. Thus, decarbonizing the power sector represents the most logical starting point in the journey toward a low-carbon future.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 2","pages":"89-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10185633/10185637.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50320098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The second issue of iEnergy in 2023, which published ten papers, including two news and views, two highlights, one letter, three review articles, and two original research articles.
{"title":"Increasing the utilization efficiency of electrical power energy","authors":"","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0021","url":null,"abstract":"The second issue of iEnergy in 2023, which published ten papers, including two news and views, two highlights, one letter, three review articles, and two original research articles.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 2","pages":"85-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10185633/10185927.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50320096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On June 2, 2023, the China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute hosted the launch of the “New Power System Development Blue Book” (hereinafter referred to as the “Blue Book”) in Beijing sponsored by the National Energy Administration. The “Blue Book” comprehen-sivelyexpounds the development concept and connotative characteristics of the new power system, formulates a “three-step” development path, and proposes the overall structure and key tasks of building a new power system. Yu Bing, a member of a group and deputy director of the National Energy Administration, delivered a speech at the meet. In addition, Huang Xuenong, the supervisory director of the National Energy Administration, released the “Blue Book.”
{"title":"The National Energy Administration organized the release of the “Blue Book on the Development of New Power Systems”","authors":"","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0017","url":null,"abstract":"On June 2, 2023, the China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute hosted the launch of the “New Power System Development Blue Book” (hereinafter referred to as the “Blue Book”) in Beijing sponsored by the National Energy Administration. The “Blue Book” comprehen-sivelyexpounds the development concept and connotative characteristics of the new power system, formulates a “three-step” development path, and proposes the overall structure and key tasks of building a new power system. Yu Bing, a member of a group and deputy director of the National Energy Administration, delivered a speech at the meet. In addition, Huang Xuenong, the supervisory director of the National Energy Administration, released the “Blue Book.”","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 2","pages":"87-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10185633/10185636.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50320097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread use of distributed energy sources provides exciting potential for demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption schemes. Demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption systems are committed to coordinating the operation of distributed generation, energy storage, and load demand. Recently, with the development of Internet technology, sharing economy is rapidly penetrating various fields. The application of sharing economy in the energy sector enables more and more end-users to participate in energy transactions. However, the deployment of energy sharing technologies poses many challenges. This paper comprehensively reviews recent developments in demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption schemes. The definition and classification of sharing economy are presented, with a focus on the applications in the energy sector: virtual power plants, peer-to-peer energy trading, shared energy storage, and microgrid energy sharing cloud. Challenges and future research directions are thoroughly discussed.
{"title":"Review of demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption schemes in future power systems","authors":"Jizhong Zhu;Shenglin Li;Alberto Borghetti;Jing Lan;Hong Li;Taiheng Guo","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of distributed energy sources provides exciting potential for demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption schemes. Demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption systems are committed to coordinating the operation of distributed generation, energy storage, and load demand. Recently, with the development of Internet technology, sharing economy is rapidly penetrating various fields. The application of sharing economy in the energy sector enables more and more end-users to participate in energy transactions. However, the deployment of energy sharing technologies poses many challenges. This paper comprehensively reviews recent developments in demand-side energy sharing and collective self-consumption schemes. The definition and classification of sharing economy are presented, with a focus on the applications in the energy sector: virtual power plants, peer-to-peer energy trading, shared energy storage, and microgrid energy sharing cloud. Challenges and future research directions are thoroughly discussed.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"2 2","pages":"119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10185633/10185639.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50319971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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