Indoor Environments最新文献

CFD study on performance of portable air cleaner on infection risk and draught rate in care homes 便携式空气净化器性能对养老院感染风险和通风率的CFD研究

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100151

Yik Chirt Teoh , Jonas Anund Vogel , Sasan Sadrizadeh , Annika Gram

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly population experienced disproportionately high mortality rates, with care homes reporting significantly elevated casualties. Care homes constitute a unique built environment with combined elements of healthcare and residential facilities, yet they remain underexplored in ventilation and infection risk research.

Methods

The present study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to investigate the performance of portable air cleaner (PAC) on infection risk and impact on draught rate. Different placements of PAC were investigated to evaluate the impact on infection risk and draught rate. A modified Wells-Riley model was used to evaluate infection risk, and the draught rate was evaluated by using Fanger’s draught rate model.

Results

The findings reveal that PAC can reduce infection risk (reduction of 75 %-86 %) and achieve an acceptable draught rate (< 10 %). However, three cases showed that improper PAC placement failed to significantly reduce infection risk. Different placements of PAC resulted in distinct airflow patterns and led to 74 % variation of infection risk, highlighting the importance of strategic deployment. Placing PAC closer to susceptible individuals, such as the elderly, resulted in a low infection risk. Placing PAC in the centre of the room led to the lowest infection risk but impractical due to tripping hazards.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates that the deployment of PAC in care homes can deliver a promising reduction in infection risk with an acceptable draught rate. Placement of PAC requires thorough consideration such as guidance by numerical simulations to deliver intended infection risk reduction without compromising draught rate and practicability.

在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，老年人口的死亡率高得不成比例，养老院报告的伤亡人数显著增加。养老院构成了一个独特的建筑环境，结合了医疗保健和住宅设施的元素，但它们在通风和感染风险研究方面仍未得到充分探索。方法采用计算流体力学（CFD）模拟研究便携式空气净化器（PAC）的感染风险及对干燥率的影响。研究了不同位置的PAC对感染风险和干旱率的影响。采用改进的Wells-Riley模型评估感染风险，采用Fanger干旱率模型评估干旱率。结果PAC可降低感染风险（降低75 % ~ 86 %），达到可接受的服药率（10 %）。然而，3例病例显示不当的PAC放置未能显著降低感染风险。PAC的不同放置位置导致不同的气流模式，导致74 %的感染风险变化，突出了战略部署的重要性。将PAC放置在易感人群（如老年人）附近，感染风险较低。将PAC放置在房间中央导致感染风险最低，但由于绊倒危险而不切实际。结论本研究表明，在养老院部署PAC可以在可接受的服药率下降低感染风险。PAC的放置需要全面考虑，例如通过数值模拟进行指导，以在不影响干旱率和实用性的情况下降低预期的感染风险。

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引用次数: 0

Indoor wildfire smoke perceptions “nudge” mitigation behaviors 室内野火烟雾感知“推动”缓解行为

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100150

Rachel Hurley , Oren Mangoubi , Shichao Liu

As wildfire smoke can travel long distances and affect more communities, understanding the link between smoke perception, health, and behavior is crucial for reducing smoke exposure. This study examines how indoor olfactory perception of wildfire smoke is associated with self-reported smoke mitigation behaviors (SMB) and health symptoms. In this work, we analyzed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) “Smoke Sense” dataset using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), controlling for education, activity level, and percentage of time spent indoors. Compared to smelling smoke outdoors only, smelling smoke both indoors and outdoors significantly increased the odds of adopting SMB and reporting acute health symptoms. These results demonstrate that subjective perception can be leveraged to reduce indoor exposure and “nudge” individual mitigation behaviors. Public health guidance could incorporate outdoor air quality indicators, such as the Air Quality Index (AQI), together with indoor olfactory cues gathered through representative public polling on indoor smoke perception to communicate risks more effectively and support more informed decision-making on indoor smoke mitigation.

由于野火烟雾可以传播很远的距离并影响更多的社区，因此了解烟雾感知、健康和行为之间的联系对于减少烟雾暴露至关重要。本研究探讨了野火烟雾的室内嗅觉感知与自我报告的烟雾缓解行为（SMB）和健康症状之间的关系。在这项工作中，我们使用广义估计方程（GEE）分析了美国环境保护署（EPA）的“烟雾感”数据集，控制了教育程度、活动水平和室内时间百分比。与仅在室外闻烟相比，在室内和室外闻烟显著增加了采用SMB和报告急性健康症状的几率。这些结果表明，可以利用主观感知来减少室内暴露和“推动”个人缓解行为。公共卫生指导可纳入室外空气质量指标，如空气质量指数（AQI），以及通过对室内烟雾感知进行有代表性的公众民意调查收集的室内嗅觉线索，以更有效地传达风险，并支持在室内烟雾缓解方面做出更明智的决策。

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引用次数: 0

Perception of discomfort glare in relation to the CIE Unified Glare Rating scale (UGR) and the impact of ambient light on both UGR and Subjective Glare Indexes (SGIs) 与CIE统一眩光评级量表（UGR）相关的不适眩光感知以及环境光对UGR和主观眩光指数（sgi）的影响

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100149

Zeynep Ekim Olsson , Tommy Govén , Madeleine Selvander , Thorbjörn Laike , Klas Sjöberg

The Unified Glare Rating (UGR) method defined by the International Commission on Illumination is practically the only one used for evaluation of discomfort glare in the lighting design process. However, it is unclear if this method aligns with subjective discomfort glare measures using subjective glare indexes (SGIs). We compared calculated UGR values with commonly used subjective discomfort glare scales across five common office lighting systems. In a controlled laboratory setting with three studies, fifty-nine participants evaluated the degree of perceived discomfort from the selected lighting systems. The findings indicate that classical SGIs were not consistent with UGR values and individual factors (age, sex and emotional state) can influence the discomfort sensitivity. Furthermore, the findings provide new insights into how ambient light levels and viewing direction affect both calculated discomfort glare and perceived discomfort glare. Collectively, these findings deepen the understanding of discomfort glare and underscore the need to refine glare evaluation methods, with direct implications for office lighting design and standards.

国际照明委员会定义的统一眩光等级（UGR）方法实际上是照明设计过程中唯一用于评估不适眩光的方法。然而，尚不清楚这种方法是否与使用主观眩光指数（sgi）的主观不适眩光测量一致。我们将计算出的UGR值与五种常见办公照明系统中常用的主观不适眩光尺度进行了比较。在一个有三个研究的受控实验室环境中，59名参与者评估了所选照明系统的感知不适程度。结果表明，经典sgi值与UGR值不一致，个体因素（年龄、性别和情绪状态）会影响不适敏感性。此外，研究结果为环境光水平和观看方向如何影响计算的不适眩光和感知的不适眩光提供了新的见解。总的来说，这些发现加深了对不适眩光的理解，强调了改进眩光评估方法的必要性，对办公室照明设计和标准有直接的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Association of indoor thermal environment with children’s physical activity in summer and winter 儿童夏季和冬季室内热环境与身体活动的关系

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100147

Aoi Hyakutake , Shun Kawakubo , Daisuke Umemoto , Keiko Sekiya , Hiroshi Nakagawa , Toshiharu Ikaga

Indoor environments play an important role in children’s health and behavior, yet the impact of thermal environments on physical activity remains insufficiently understood. This study investigated the association between indoor thermal environments and children’s physical activity in summer and winter in Japan. Detailed indoor thermal measurements and objective accelerometer data were collected from 26 children aged 4–12 years, each measured in both seasons under parental supervision to ensure data quality. Significant associations were found between temperatures in living areas and physical activity intensity. Warmer indoor environments in winter were associated with higher activity intensity, whereas cooler indoor environments in summer were associated with lower activity intensity. A new indicator, the seasonal activity ratio (SAR), defined as the ratio of winter to summer activity intensity, was developed to assess the degree of seasonal variation. The SAR showed an overall seasonal decline (mean SAR: 0.96 ± 0.06). Children living in homes where non-living areas maintained cooler environments in summer and warmer environments in winter exhibited significantly smaller seasonal declines in activity compared with those in other environments. These findings demonstrate that even in modern, high-performance homes, a thermal design strategy is required that addresses both living and non-living areas in order to promote children’s physical activity year-round and to mitigate typical winter declines. The results of this study provide objective evidence to inform residential design and policies aimed at fostering healthier indoor environmental quality for children.

室内环境在儿童健康和行为中起着重要作用，但热环境对身体活动的影响仍未得到充分了解。本研究调查了日本夏季和冬季室内热环境与儿童身体活动的关系。收集了26名4-12岁儿童的详细室内热测量数据和客观加速度计数据，每个儿童在父母监督下在两个季节进行测量，以确保数据质量。在生活区域的温度和身体活动强度之间发现了显著的关联。冬季较暖的室内环境与较高的活动强度相关，而夏季较冷的室内环境与较低的活动强度相关。提出了一个新的指标，即季节活动比（SAR），定义为冬季与夏季活动强度的比值，以评价季节变化的程度。SAR整体呈季节性下降（平均SAR: 0.96 ± 0.06）。与生活在其他环境中的儿童相比，生活在非生活区夏季保持较冷环境、冬季保持较暖环境的家庭中的儿童，其活动的季节性下降幅度要小得多。这些发现表明，即使在现代高性能住宅中，为了促进儿童全年的身体活动并减轻典型的冬季下降，也需要兼顾生活和非生活区域的热设计策略。本研究结果为住宅设计和政策提供了客观依据，旨在为儿童提供更健康的室内环境质量。

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引用次数: 0

Analysing longitudinal indoor air quality data: robust principal component analysis of the “Schools’ Air quality Monitoring for Health and Education” timeseries data 纵向室内空气质量数据分析：“学校健康和教育空气质量监测”时间序列数据的稳健主成分分析

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100146

Alice E.E. Handy, Samuel G.A. Wood, Henry C. Burridge, SAMHE Project Consortium

A robust principal component analysis examining two-years of monitored data from within 143 UK schools as part of the “Schools’ Air quality Monitoring for Health and Education” dataset sheds new light on the temporal and geographical trends that influence the schools’ air quality. Minutely concentration measurements of two indoor air quality markers, particulate matter and carbon dioxide, were analysed. Significant inter-school variations were evident in both species but the primary source of variations within the particulate matter concentrations were temporal trends. Analysis links these temporal trends to variations in outdoor particulate matter concentrations — highlighting the importance of outdoor air quality for the air quality in UK schools. Moreover, clear geographical signatures are identified within the particulate matter concentrations in schools, broadly increasing both South–North and East–West; with more subtle but intelligible trends overlaid within each. Analysis of the carbon dioxide data identifies variations on a range of time scales from seasonal trends, associated with the changing levels of ventilation as UK schools open their windows less in cooler wintertime conditions, down to inter-day variations as carbon dioxide levels increase during the school morning. This study provides the first evidence as to the insights that can be gained when large-scale longitudinal monitoring of indoor spaces, in this case schools, is carried out. The insights that were determined from analysis of two-years of data from the SAMHE schools could not have been realised by analysis of smaller datasets.

作为“学校健康和教育空气质量监测”数据集的一部分，对143所英国学校两年的监测数据进行了强有力的主成分分析，揭示了影响学校空气质量的时间和地理趋势。对室内两种空气质量指标——颗粒物和二氧化碳的浓度进行了分析。两种植物均存在显著的校际差异，但颗粒物浓度变化的主要来源是时间趋势。分析将这些时间趋势与室外颗粒物浓度的变化联系起来，强调了室外空气质量对英国学校空气质量的重要性。此外，在学校颗粒物质浓度中发现了明显的地理特征，南北和东西都普遍增加；每一个都有更微妙但可理解的趋势。对二氧化碳数据的分析确定了一系列时间尺度上的变化，从季节性趋势（与英国学校在较冷的冬季较少开窗的通风水平变化有关）到学校早晨二氧化碳水平增加的日间变化。这项研究提供了第一个证据，证明在对室内空间（在本例中是学校）进行大规模纵向监测时可以获得的见解。通过对SAMHE学校两年数据的分析得出的结论，是不可能通过对较小数据集的分析得出的。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in lighting influence emissions of microbial volatile organic compounds from fungi in house dust 光照的变化影响室内灰尘中真菌的微生物挥发性有机化合物的排放

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100145

Benjamin Marshall , Amanda Stickney , Karen C. Dannemiller , Atila Novoselac , Juan Pedro Maestre , Kerry Kinney , Pawel K. Misztal

Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) have been linked to adverse respiratory symptoms in building occupants, yet the factors influencing MVOC emissions indoors remain poorly understood. This study examined changes in MVOC emissions from four common household fungal species (Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) in response to alternating light and dark conditions. Light exposure increased emissions of specific compounds, most notably isoprene, acetaldehyde, pyruvic acid, and 1-octen-3-ol (“mushroom alcohol”), while reducing emissions of glycerol, without significantly affecting total VOC concentrations (p < 0.01). Samples at relative humidity below 80 %, a threshold typically required for sustained fungal growth, exhibited the most pronounced light-induced changes. Isoprene emissions increased rapidly (10–20 % within minutes) and at concentrations above detection limits of current sensors. All species tested emitted more isoprene under light than in darkness. These findings suggest that light exposure influences fungal VOC profiles and may offer a basis for detecting metabolically active fungi in indoor environments. Further research is needed to evaluate practical applications for fungal detection and control.

微生物挥发性有机化合物（MVOCs）与建筑物居住者的不良呼吸道症状有关，但影响室内MVOC排放的因素仍然知之甚少。本研究研究了四种常见的家庭真菌(交替交替的光暗条件下，交替交替的光暗条件下，交替交替的MVOC排放量的变化(交替交替的光暗条件下，交替交替的光暗条件下，交替交替的光暗条件下，交替交替的光暗条件下，交替交替的光暗条件下，交替交替的MVOC排放量变化。光照增加了特定化合物的排放，最明显的是异戊二烯、乙醛、丙酮酸和1-辛烯-3-醇（“蘑菇醇”），同时减少了甘油的排放，但没有显著影响总VOC浓度（p <； 0.01）。相对湿度低于80 %（真菌持续生长所需的典型阈值）的样品表现出最明显的光诱导变化。异戊二烯排放量在几分钟内迅速增加（10 - 20% %），浓度超过当前传感器的检测极限。所有被测试的物种在光照下比在黑暗中释放更多的异戊二烯。这些发现表明，光照会影响真菌VOC谱，并可能为检测室内环境中代谢活性真菌提供基础。真菌检测和控制的实际应用需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Indoor mold concentrations, prevalence, and relation to building characteristics in homes in very cold climates 在非常寒冷的气候下，室内霉菌浓度、流行率及其与房屋建筑特征的关系

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100139

Cassandra Conrad, Patricia Guillante, Christiana Kiesling, Kristen Cetin, Kaisen Lin

People in the U.S. spend more than 90 % of their time indoors. In very cold climates including Alaska (ASHRAE Climate Zone 8), homes provide essential shelter, yet these homes are often smaller, overcrowded, and not designed for the harsh cold climate that requires year-round heating. Extreme cold weather also creates potential condensation risk and thus the potential for mold growth. Previous research has found that many Alaska residents have concerns about mold growth in their homes and also has shown the prevalence of mold-induced respiratory infections and conditions particularly for children in these locations. However, it is rare for studies to quantify the concentration of mold or quantify its causes. This study utilized surface and airborne mold tests alongside in-person home assessments in 72 households in two rural coastal Alaskan communities. Results detected the potential for mold in the air of 39 % of homes tested, and mold was found on at least one surface in 67 % of homes tested. Nonparametric statistical tests including the Spearman Rank test, Mann-Whitney U-Test, and Kruskal Wallis test were performed to analyze correlations between indoor mold concentrations and housing characteristics. Higher concentrations of surface mold were found in homes that were older, more densely occupied, were more humid, did not have Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs), and for samples taken from windows. Airborne and surface mold concentrations were noted to be higher in one of the communities. This study highlights the household characteristics that are more likely to suggest the presence of air and surface mold growth in homes in very cold climates.

美国人在室内度过的时间超过90% %。在非常寒冷的气候中，包括阿拉斯加（ASHRAE气候区8），房屋提供了必要的庇护，但这些房屋通常较小，过于拥挤，并且不是为需要全年供暖的严寒气候而设计的。极端寒冷的天气也会造成潜在的冷凝风险，从而有可能滋生霉菌。先前的研究发现，许多阿拉斯加居民都担心家中的霉菌生长，并且还显示了霉菌引起的呼吸道感染和疾病的流行，特别是在这些地区的儿童。然而，很少有研究量化霉菌的浓度或量化其原因。本研究在阿拉斯加两个沿海农村社区的72个家庭中使用了表面和空气中的霉菌测试以及面对面的家庭评估。结果在39% %的测试家庭中检测到潜在的霉菌，并且在67% %的测试家庭中至少在一个表面上发现霉菌。采用Spearman秩检验、Mann-Whitney u检验和Kruskal Wallis检验等非参数统计检验分析室内霉菌浓度与房屋特征的相关性。在房屋较旧、居住更密集、更潮湿、没有热回收通风机（hrv）以及从窗户采集的样本中，发现表面霉菌浓度较高。其中一个群落的空气和表面霉菌浓度较高。这项研究强调了在非常寒冷的气候下，更有可能表明空气和表面霉菌生长的家庭特征。

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引用次数: 0

Measured and perceived indoor environmental quality in process control rooms and offices of production facilities 测量和感知生产设施的过程控制室和办公室的室内环境质量

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100142

Sirpa Rautiala, Tuula Liukkonen, Pirjo Korenius, Kari Salmi, Päivi Isokääntä, Maria Hirvonen

Limited data exists on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of process control rooms and offices of production facilities. We investigated the IEQ in the process control rooms and offices of seven metal and forest industry facilities in Finland. Furthermore, 538 employees participated in a questionnaire aimed at assessing the prevalence of indoor environment-related (IE-related) complaints and symptoms. The results indicate that the ventilation was sufficient in 89 % of the process control rooms and offices studied, but in 9 %, the air supply was not functioning at all. The physical and chemical parameters complied with relevant requirements, standards, and national reference values in most of the process control rooms and offices. The concentrations of man-made mineral fibers (MMVFs) were high, and moisture damage was more frequently observed compared to other Finnish workplaces. Noise, smells, and impurities from the production processes were found to migrate into the process control rooms and offices. The majority of employees reported IE-related complaints, particularly those working in the process control rooms. The prevalence of symptoms was not higher than that observed among Finnish office employees in non-industrial workplaces. To our knowledge, this study is the first to present data on the IEQ of process control rooms and offices of production facilities. The findings suggest that, although the IEQ was at a satisfactory level in most process control rooms and offices, ventilation issues and the production process can adversely affect the IEQ and employees' perceptions. Future studies in production facilities across other industries and larger datasets are necessary.

生产设施过程控制室和办公室的室内环境质量（IEQ）数据有限。我们调查了芬兰七个金属和森林工业设施的过程控制室和办公室的环境质量。此外，538名员工参加了一份问卷，旨在评估室内环境相关（室内环境相关）投诉和症状的流行程度。结果表明，89% %的过程控制室和办公室通风良好，但在9% %的过程控制室和办公室，空气供应完全不起作用。大多数过程控制室和办公室的理化参数符合相关要求、标准和国家参考值。人造矿物纤维（MMVFs）的浓度很高，与芬兰其他工作场所相比，更经常观察到潮湿损害。生产过程中的噪音、气味和杂质被发现进入过程控制室和办公室。大多数员工报告了与工程相关的投诉，特别是那些在过程控制室工作的员工。症状的流行率并不高于在非工业工作场所的芬兰办公室雇员中观察到的患病率。据我们所知，这项研究是第一次提出生产设施过程控制室和办公室的环境质量数据。研究结果表明，虽然大多数过程控制室和办公室的环境质量处于令人满意的水平，但通风问题和生产过程会对环境质量和员工的看法产生不利影响。未来有必要对其他行业的生产设施和更大的数据集进行研究。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying the impact of workplace environment features on physical activity for hybrid workers: A wearable sensors study 量化工作环境特征对混合工作人员体力活动的影响：一项可穿戴传感器研究

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100138

Charu Srivastava , Holly Samuelson

Recent studies show that working from home has resulted in an increase in self-reported sedentary behavior; however, less is known about the contribution of workplace environment features on measured physical activity when working on a hybrid schedule (i.e., both at home and from an office). This small-scale study takes advantage of an unprecedented time to examine differences in the quantity and pattern of physical activity for hybrid workers. By pairing measured data collected from wearable activity trackers with self-reported data on work location and workday routines, we identify to what extent specific workplace environment features help promote physical activity. Results from 245 participant-days of data showed a significant 33 % increase in daily step count when working from an office compared to home, translating to an average of 2580 steps, or 25 min of additional daily physical activity. On days when participants worked either partial or full days in the office, times of increased step count aligned with reported entry and exit times from the office building. A mixed effects model further revealed that a walking commute and the presence/convenience of stairs significantly predicted increased physical activity on office days, while access to gym/exercise equipment significantly predicted higher step counts on home days. To substantiate our quantitative results, a qualitative analysis of participant responses emphasized the benefits of active commutes and walking meetings at the office, as well as access to urban amenities and walking breaks at home. This analysis serves as a strong proof of concept and could inform the design of future studies that examine the ability of work environments to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior.

最近的研究表明，在家工作导致了久坐行为的增加；然而，对于在混合时间表下工作（即在家里和在办公室）时，工作场所环境特征对测量的身体活动的贡献知之甚少。这项小规模的研究利用了前所未有的时间来检查混合工人体力活动的数量和模式的差异。通过将可穿戴活动追踪器收集的测量数据与工作地点和日常工作的自我报告数据相结合，我们确定了特定的工作环境特征在多大程度上有助于促进身体活动。来自245个参与者天的数据显示，与在家工作相比，在办公室工作的人每天的步数显著增加了33 %，平均为2580步，或每天额外的25 分钟体力活动。在参与者在办公室工作的日子里，步数增加的时间与报告的进出办公楼的时间一致。一个混合效应模型进一步显示，步行通勤和楼梯的存在/便利显著预示着办公日体力活动的增加，而健身房/运动设备的使用显著预示着在家日运动量的增加。为了证实我们的定量结果，对参与者的回答进行了定性分析，强调了积极通勤和在办公室步行会议的好处，以及获得城市设施和在家步行休息的好处。这一分析作为一个强有力的概念证明，可以为未来研究的设计提供信息，以检验工作环境促进身体活动和减少久坐行为的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Indoor Environments

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100140

Azimil Gani Alam , Alena Bartonova , Britt Ann Kåstad Høiskar , Mirjam F. Fredriksen , Jivitesh Sharma , Hans Martin Mathisen , Zhirong Yang , Kai Gustavsen , Tore Fredriksen , Dinastry Pramadita Zakiudin , Guangyu Cao

Building-related symptoms (BRS) are commonly experienced by students in schools and are potentially affecting academic performance and health. Even though indoor environment quality (IEQ) measurements indicated fair conditions, students still perceived discomfort that led to symptoms, highlighting the necessity of collecting user-feedback about IEQ-complaints. This study aimed to predict and understand the prevalence of BRS (headache, tiredness, cough, dry eyes-hands) experienced by students in classrooms using machine-learning (ML) approach based on measurement data, building factors, and prevalence of IEQ-complaints. We collected measurement data (from indoor and outdoor climate), building factors, and user-feedback by students via online-platform across three sampled classrooms each campaign during three consecutive school semesters. Significant input variables for ML were pre-selected using statistical tests. ML models were evaluated based on accuracy metrics and SHAP analysis for input interpretation. Models using measurement data alone performed poorly (testing R² <50 %) to predict prevalence of BRS, whereas adding building factors and prevalence of IEQ-complaints increased accuracy (R² up to 95 %) of prediction of BRS with lower RMSE. In addition, interpretation from SHAP analysis showed IEQ-complaints especially related with indoor air quality (e.g., heavy air, dust & dirt, and dry air) as significant contributors for predicting prevalence of BRS. We conclude that the framework of combining objective measurements with occupant-reported complaints can be reliable, interpretable predictions of symptom prevalence. This study is limited by single-school setting, health confounders, and symptoms verification. Future research may contribute to exploring wider set of input variables, applicability, and variation of complaints preference.

与建筑有关的症状（BRS）是学校学生普遍经历的，并且可能影响学习成绩和健康。尽管室内环境质量（IEQ）测量表明条件良好，但学生仍然感到不适，导致症状，突出了收集用户对IEQ投诉的反馈的必要性。本研究旨在基于测量数据、建筑因素和ieq投诉的患病率，使用机器学习（ML）方法预测和了解学生在课堂上经历的BRS（头痛、疲倦、咳嗽、眼手干涩）的患病率。我们收集了测量数据（来自室内和室外气候）、建筑因素和学生通过在线平台在连续三个学期的三个抽样教室中进行的用户反馈。使用统计检验预先选择ML的重要输入变量。基于输入解释的准确性指标和SHAP分析对ML模型进行评估。仅使用测量数据的模型在预测BRS患病率方面表现不佳（测试R²<；50 %），而添加建筑因素和ieq投诉患病率提高了预测BRS的准确性（R²高达95 %），RMSE较低。此外，来自SHAP分析的解释表明，ieq投诉特别是与室内空气质量（例如，重空气，灰尘和污垢以及干燥空气）有关，是预测BRS患病率的重要因素。我们的结论是，结合客观测量与乘员报告的投诉的框架可以是可靠的，可解释的症状患病率的预测。本研究受到单一学校环境、健康混杂因素和症状验证的限制。未来的研究可能有助于探索更广泛的输入变量、适用性和投诉偏好的变化。

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