Infectious Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Tick-, flea- and mite-borne pathogens and associated diseases of public health importance in Bangladesh: a review","authors":"Marina E. Eremeeva,&nbsp;Shobhan Das","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This scoping review provides a baseline summary of the current records of the ticks, fleas, and mites of public health importance that are present in Bangladesh. It summarizes their geographic distributions and reports the levels of their infestation of livestock, pets, wildlife, and humans, and the clinical and epidemiological studies pertinent to these vectors and their pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty-one articles were identified in a literature search, including 43 published since 2011.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twelve articles contained reliable information on ticks and their associated hosts. However, information on fleas and mites in Bangladesh is very limited. Seventeen species of ixodid ticks that commonly parasitize peridomestic animals and can bite humans are described: <em>Rhipicephalus microplus, R. appendiculatus, R. sanguineus, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hyalomma anatolicum</em>, and <em>Amblyomma testudinarium</em>. Thirty-eight veterinary articles describe livestock pathogens, including <em>Babesia, Anaplasma</em>, and <em>Theileria</em>, and the diseases they cause. Few of those studies used modern molecular techniques to identify these pathogens. Eleven articles reported human diseases or surveillance studies, 10 from the last 10 years. Two country-wide serosurveys of 1,209 and 720 patients, using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA), respectively, reported human exposure to <em>Orientia tsutsugamushi</em> (8.8%–23.7%), typhus and spotted-fever group rickettsiae (19.7%–66.6%), and <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> (3%). The seropositivity rates varied regionally. PCR-based studies confirmed that febrile patients in Bangladesh may be infected with <em>O. tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia felis</em>, or <em>Bartonella elizabethae</em>. Only limited molecular research has been done with dogs and cats. These studies have reported PCR-confirmed canine infections with <em>Babesia gibsoni</em> (30%), <em>Anaplasma bovis</em> (58%), or <em>Rickettsia monacenis</em> (14%, <em>n</em>=50), and feline infections with <em>Rickettsia felis</em> (21%, <em>n</em>=100). Similarly, fleas from cats tested positive for <em>Rickettsia felis</em> (20.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings indicate that diseases borne by non-mosquito vectors in Bangladesh urgently require more attention from public health, medical, and veterinary specialists to establish their true occurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the bacterial microbiome of ticks in Chongwe and Chisamba Districts of Zambia","authors":"Malala Mulavu ,&nbsp;Cynthia Sipho Khumalo ,&nbsp;Lavel Moonga ,&nbsp;Kyoko Hayashida ,&nbsp;Benjamin Mubemba ,&nbsp;Katendi Changula ,&nbsp;Edgar Simulundu ,&nbsp;Walter Muleya ,&nbsp;Simbarashe Chitanga","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The microbiome composition of an arthropod vector may impede the growth of some pathogens, aid colonisation by pathogens or affect vector behaviour in ways that impact the transmission of pathogens. In Zambia, little is known of the microbial communities hosted by ticks and how pathogens like <em>Rickettsia</em> play a role in the microbiome composition.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study sought to determine the microbiome of <em>Rickettsia</em>-negative and <em>Rickettsia</em>-positive ticks in selected districts of Zambia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 94 ticks collected from cattle in Chongwe and Chisamba districts. The overall prevalence of <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. was detected using PCR amplification of the <em>ompB</em> gene. Thereafter, both <em>Rickettsia</em>-negative and positive ticks underwent <em>16S rRNA</em> gene amplification and Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Data was analysed using QIIME2 analysis pipeline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of <em>Rickettsia</em> was found to be 47.9% (45/94) with prevalence in <em>Amblyomma</em> at 78.5% (22/28), <em>Hyalomma</em> at 68.9% (20/29) and <em>Rhipicephalus</em> having the lowest at 8.1% (3/37). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota and Euryachaeota were the most common phyla, while endosymbionts were uncommonly detected in the ticks. Further analysis showed significant differences in microbiome composition based on <em>Rickettsia</em> detection status (<em>p</em>=0.001) and location (<em>p</em>=0.001), based on the alpha diversity Shannon index, Bray Curtis beta diversity and PERMANOVA, whilst differences according to life stage, tick species and genus was only shown based on the Bray Curtis beta diversity and PERMANOVA analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into the structure of the tick microbiome in parts of Zambia and how it is affected by the presence of <em>Rickettsia</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Hainan Province of China based on O-antigen","authors":"Jinzhu Huang ,&nbsp;Shiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Lu ,&nbsp;Liangpeng Suo ,&nbsp;Minyang Wang ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Yue ,&nbsp;Rong Lin ,&nbsp;Xuhu Mao ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Jingmin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em> is a gram-negative bacterium widely found in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. This bacterium, which lacks an available vaccine, is the causative agent of melioidosis and has properties that potentially enable its exploitation as a bioweapon.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Polymerase chain reaction assays targeting each of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genetic types were used to investigate genotype frequencies in <em>B. pseudomallei</em> populations. Silver staining, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and immunofluorescence were used to characterize LPS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In our study, a total of 169 clinical <em>B. pseudomallei</em> isolates were collected from Hainan Province, China between 2004 and 2016. The results showed that LPS genotype A was the predominant type, comprising 91.1% of the samples, compared with only 8.9% of LPS genotype B. The majority of patients were male and were diagnosed with sepsis or pneumonia. Silver staining and GC-MS demonstrated that LPS genotypes A and B exhibited distinct phenotypes and molecular structures. Immunofluorescence tests showed there was no cross-reaction between LPS genotypes A and B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first report on the molecular epidemiology of <em>B. pseudomallei</em> based on O-antigen in China. Tracking the regional distribution of different LPS genotypes offers significant insights relevant to the development and administration of LPS-based vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of disulfidptosis-related genes in sepsis","authors":"Wenlu Zou,&nbsp;Lintao Sai,&nbsp;Wen Sai,&nbsp;Li Song,&nbsp;Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sepsis is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially among the elderly and patients in intensive care units. Disulfidptosis, a newly identified form of cell death triggered by disulfide stress, is emerging as a significant factor in disease progression. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of disulfidptosis-related genes in sepsis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We obtained two datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to conduct our analysis. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to identify relevant biological pathways. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes critical to sepsis. Additionally, we analyzed the immune infiltration status in sepsis patients. The diagnostic value of these hub genes for sepsis was evaluated using nomograms, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration curves in both training and validation datasets. Finally, a miRNA-immune-related hub genes (miRNA-IHGs) regulatory network was developed to elucidate the synergistic interactions between miRNAs and their target genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 3,469 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which seven were related to disulfidptosis (DR-DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis showed that DR-DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to actin dynamics. Five hub genes (MYH10, ACTN4, MYH9, FLNA, and IQGAP1) were identified as central to these processes. The analysis of immune infiltration revealed significantly lower levels of 11 immune cell types, while macrophages and regulatory T cells were significantly elevated in sepsis patients. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of the IHGs risk prediction model were 0.917 and 0.894 for the training and validation sets, respectively. A miRNA-IHGs regulatory network, comprising 17 nodes and 27 edges, was constructed, with MYH9 being the most frequently regulated by miRNAs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The pathophysiological process of sepsis appears to involve disulfidptosis, highlighting it as a potential new therapeutic targets for sepsis management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple-site decontamination in critically ill patients requires careful implementation","authors":"Yuetian Yu ,&nbsp;Bin Lin ,&nbsp;Lihui Wang ,&nbsp;Chunhui Xu ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The EPIC III study showed that 52% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) have infectious diseases and that the incidence of ICU-acquired infections is increasing, leading to longer ICU stays and higher mortality rates. Multiple-site decontamination, a type of selective decontamination program, has been associated with a reduction in the incidence of ICU-acquired infection and decreased mortality rates in some critically ill patients. However, the standardized implementation and actual effectiveness of multiple-site decontamination require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection conferred by booster vaccine doses in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 epidemics from 2022 to 2023 in Greece","authors":"Helena C. Maltezou ,&nbsp;Maria N. Gamaletsou ,&nbsp;Maria Chini ,&nbsp;Vasileios Petrakis ,&nbsp;Vasiliki Rapti ,&nbsp;Theodoros V. Giannouchos ,&nbsp;Eleni Karantoni ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Kounouklas ,&nbsp;Panagiota Stamou ,&nbsp;Αmalia Karapanou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Basoulis ,&nbsp;Andrianna-Chrysovalanto Verykokkou ,&nbsp;Kyriakos Souliotis ,&nbsp;Periklis Panagopoulos ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou ,&nbsp;Garyfalia Poulakou ,&nbsp;Konstantinos N. Syrigos ,&nbsp;Nikolaos V. Sipsas","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To estimate the protection that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses conferred to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 against adverse outcomes and longer length of stay during the Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 subvariant epidemics in Greece.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was conducted from November 2022 to May 2023. Multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression models were applied to estimate the association between any adverse outcomes and length of stay with the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We studied 962 patients (median age: 78 years; mean length of stay: 9.2 days), of whom 847 (88.0%) had ≥ 1 comorbidity. Of these, 39 (4.0%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 44 (4.6%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, and 110 (11.4%) died in hospital. There were 184 (19.1%) unvaccinated patients, 125 (13.0%) with one or two vaccine doses, and 653 (67.9%) with ≥ 3 doses. In multivariable analyses, patients with ≥ 3 doses had lower odds of experiencing any adverse outcomes (adjusted odds ratio: 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37–0.86) compared with unvaccinated patients. On average, patients with one or two doses and those with ≥ 3 had decreased length of hospital stay (−1.5 days [95% CIs: −2.6 to −0.4] and −2.8 days [95% CIs: −4.1 to −1.4], respectively] compared with unvaccinated patients. Other characteristics consistently associated with adverse outcomes and longer length of stay included older age, having three or more comorbidities compared with none, and being admitted to the hospital two or more weeks post-diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A history of ≥ 3 vaccine doses conferred significant protection against any adverse outcome and longer length of stay in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nipah virus resurgence: a call for preparedness across states","authors":"Manya Soni ,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar ,&nbsp;Mahendra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Muhammed Shabil ,&nbsp;Sanjit Sah","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vagal nerve stimulation for the management of long COVID symptoms","authors":"Malik W.Z. Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahmad ,&nbsp;Salma Qudrat ,&nbsp;Fatma Afridi ,&nbsp;Najia Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Zain Afridi ,&nbsp;Fahad ,&nbsp;Touba Azeem ,&nbsp;Jibran Ikram","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review investigates the therapeutic potential of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in managing long COVID, a condition marked by persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long COVID manifests as ongoing fatigue, cognitive impairment, and autonomic dysfunction, hypothesized to arise from sustained inflammatory and neurological dysregulation. The vagus nerve, central to modulating systemic inflammation and autonomic homeostasis, represents a promising therapeutic target for symptom alleviation through VNS. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies evaluating VNS in the context of long COVID. Preliminary evidence from small-scale pilot studies suggests VNS may attenuate systemic inflammation through activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), thus restoring autonomic balance and ameliorating symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and anxiety. In targeting the inflammatory cascade that underlies both acute COVID-19 pathophysiology and its prolonged sequelae, VNS holds potential as an innovative intervention for persistent post-viral symptoms. While these initial findings indicate promise, current data remain limited in scope and robustness, underscoring the need for larger, controlled trials to validate the efficacy and mechanisms of VNS in long COVID management. Establishing a clearer understanding of VNS's impact on inflammation and autonomic regulation in this context is crucial to inform clinical guidelines and therapeutic strategies for long COVID, potentially offering a targeted approach for mitigating this disabling condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic challenges and eponyms in tuberculous arthritis","authors":"Jacob Draves ,&nbsp;Halil Tekiner ,&nbsp;Steven H. Yale ,&nbsp;Eileen S. Yale","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain fog across the Mediterranean","authors":"Souheil Zayet","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}