Intelligent Pharmacy最新文献

This review paper aims to provide an overview of chronomodulated drug delivery systems for the treatment of hypertension. Hypertension is a chronic medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide, and effective treatment is crucial to prevent complications such as heart disease and stroke. Chronomodulated drug delivery utilises the concept of circadian rhythms to optimise drug efficacy and minimise side effects. The paper examines various chronomodulated drug delivery approaches, including pulsatile, delayed-release, and chronopharmaceutical systems, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the potential future developments in this field are discussed, emphasising the importance of personalised medicine and the integration of wearable technology for real-time monitoring and drug administration. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of chronomodulated drug delivery systems for improving patient outcomes and minimising side effects. By utilising chronomodulated drug delivery approaches, healthcare professionals can ensure that medications are released at specific times when they are most effective, thereby maximising their therapeutic benefits. Pulsatile drug delivery systems, for example, can mimic the body's natural circadian rhythm, allowing for targeted drug release during periods of peak efficacy. Delayed-release systems, on the other hand, can help reduce side effects by delivering drugs to specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract where they are better tolerated.

Aim of the study was designed to synthesize and evaluate antibacterial activity of novel heterocyclic compounds, 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives. The heterocyclic compounds, 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives (1a-1d and 2a-2d) were synthesized; all of them characterized physically by melting point, R_f value, appearance & solubility; and some of them characterized spectroscopically by IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against both Gram positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli by cup plate method using ciprofloxacin as a standard drug. All the synthesized heterocyclic compounds, 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives (1a-1d and 2a-2d), had shown antibacterial activity against the B. subtilis and E. coli. Compound 1d i.e., 1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethan-1-oyl)-3-methyl-1H-indazole at the concentration of 300 ​μg/ml showed best antibacterial activity against the bacteria B. subtilis and E. coli as compared to standard drug, ciprofloxacin. The methodology for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, 3-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl derivatives was simple as well as economical and gave better yield of the synthesized compounds. The compound, 1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethan-1-oyl)-3-methyl-1H-indazole had shown best antibacterial activity against the bacteria B. subtilis and E. coli.

This review discusses the challenges in drug delivery and the potential benefits of Chronomodulated drug delivery for antiasthmatic drugs. It explores new drugs, personalized medicine approaches, and future directions in asthma treatment, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy. The analysis also discusses the risks of gene therapy for severe asthma and its potential benefits, such as improved medication effectiveness and reduced side effects. Chronomodulated drug delivery, which involves administering medications at specific times to align with the body's natural rhythms, has shown promising results in improving asthma control and reducing the frequency and severity of attacks. For instance, a study found that administering a Chronomodulated antiasthmatic drug in the morning, when lung function is typically at its lowest, significantly improved drug absorption and bioavailability compared to regular drug delivery. This optimized drug delivery not only enhanced the medication's effectiveness but also reduced the need for frequent dosing and minimized side effects, leading to better overall asthma management.

Regulatory bodies are nowadays concerned with pharmaceutical drug products' safety, efficacy, and quality. Quality is the priority of all regulatory bodies, it is a high priority for the triple P factor (patient, pharmacist, and physician). It links pharmaceutical industries and regulatory authorities for designing, manufacturing, and consistently delivering safe and efficient products.

It mainly focuses on fabricating and designing formulations and manufacturing processes to ensure predefined product quality. It is based on the ICH Guidelines Q8 for pharmaceutical development, Q9 for quality risk management, and Q10 for pharmaceutical quality systems. Some of the important effective elements of QbD are to define the target profile that what is the requirement of the pharmacist, physician, and patient (TPP-QTPP) then measuring the criticality for achieving that target (CQA) and analyzing the risk assessment of variables associated with materials and controlling processes to produce consistent quality over time. The objective of this review is to discuss the concept of Quality by Design and describe its application in pharmaceutical product development.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with a limited number of therapeutic options. β-Secretase 1 (BACE1) is a key enzyme involved in the production of amyloid beta peptides, which are central to AD pathology. Targeting BACE1 has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of AD. Therefore, the present study aimed to discover novel drug candidates from cyanobacteria for the treatment of AD through in silico research. In this study, Schrödinger tools were used to study the binding affinities and interactions of cyanobacteria metabolites with BACE1. Almost 120 cyanobacteria metabolites against BACE1 were used for the computational investigation. Ultimately, four marine-derived compounds, namely lyngbyastatin 7, homodolastin 3, lyngbyabellin E1, and symplostatin analogue 4, showed strong binding affinities to the active site of BACE1, forming crucial hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The binding energy values of these compounds suggest their potential as BACE1 inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these ligand-protein complexes over a period of 25 ​ns? Our results provide valuable insights into the potential of lyngbyastatin 7, homodolastin 3, lyngbyabellin E1, and symplostatin analog 4 as effective drugs for inhibiting BACE1. These marine-derived compounds are promising for further in vitro and in vivo studies. The present research suggests that these molecules could offer new avenues for the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Background

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential applications in various fields, including medicine, catalysis, and environmental remediation. These nanoparticles possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, making them particularly promising for biomedical applications. The drug Woodfordia fruticosa (Wf) has been traditionally used in folk medicine for its therapeutic properties, such as wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop and optimise the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using flower extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa through the distillation extraction method. By employing this technique, the research aimed to successfully create silver nanoparticles from Woodfordia fruticosa gel for the treatment of wounds.

Methods

WF flower extracts were prepared by drying the flowers for 14 days and crushing them into a fine powder. The powdered flowers were then sieved through 80-inch sievesThe extracted material was stored at 4 ​°C for further processing. In parallel, a 1 ​mM silver nitrate solution was prepared by dissolving 16.99 ​mg of silver nitrate in 100 ​ml of distilled water. The flower extract and silver nitrate solution were then utilised for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The characterization of the synthesised silver nanoparticles was conducted using various techniques, including zeta potential analysis and electron microscopy. These techniques were employed to assess the physicochemical properties, stability, and morphology of the silver nanoparticles. After gel preparation, in vivo wound healing activity was performed.

Result

The synthesis of AgNPs using WF flower extracts and silver nitrate solution resulted in the successful formation of nanoparticles. The characterization of the synthesised AgNPs was carried out using various techniques. The zeta potential was found to be −0.283 ​mV, which indicated their stability, and the PDI value was found to be 0.533. These values indicated a stable dispersion of the synthesised AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that nanoparticles have a spherical shape in the range of 5 ​nm.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study successfully developed silver nanoparticles using flower extracts. The developed gel shows that it has wound-healing properties.

Objective

The study aimed to investigate Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Seleromitrion diffusa (Willd). R. J. Wang (HDSB) in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) by using network pharmacology and literature research.

Methods

TCMSP, Uniprot, Drug Bank, OMIM, and GeneCards were used to obtain the active components, targets of Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Seleromitrion diffusa (Willd). R. J. Wang and the disease targets of CAG. Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to construct a drug network. STRING platform was used to analyze the PPI network, and Metascape was used for functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.

Results

The study found a total of 34 active compounds of HDSB, 153 predicted targets, 970 disease targets, and 46 intersection targets of CAG. And identified a total of 27 prescriptions or proprietary Chinese medicines containing Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Seleromitrion diffusa (Willd). R. J. Wang through literature research and database search, that consists in a 1:1, 1:2, or 2:1 ratio, with a dose range of 15 ​g–300 ​g.

Conclusion

The study suggests that Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Seleromitrion diffusa (Willd). R. J. Wang may exert therapeutic effects on chronic atrophic gastritis by acting on JNK, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, cancer-related and others.

Lately, substantial exploration and study have focused on natural products, along with their bioactive compounds. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involve progressive neural breakdown and cell loss, culminating in neuronal death. The brain is susceptible to various forms of stress, particularly oxidative stress (OS) caused by the body's oxygen requirements and utilization. The vulnerability of the brain is heightened by the significant presence of unsaturated fatty acids. To gain accurate insights into NDD, various factors such as genetics and environmental risks must be considered, as they can reduce the effectiveness of therapies for NDDs. Addressing oxidative damage and discovering safe and efficient treatments for NDDs are crucial objectives. In this pursuit, bioactive compounds play a vital role in research. Among these compounds, natural elements such as carotenoids, essential oils, essential fatty acids, polyphenols, and phytosterols are captivating due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory traits. These qualities hold the potential for enhancing brain health. This review centers on assessing how these bioactive compounds can bolster the brain's limited antioxidant and regenerative abilities, foster neurogenesis, offer neuroprotection, and mitigate NDDs.