International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science最新文献

Aim

Actinomycetes are gram-positive bacteria, common in nature, play a significant role in biotechnology, as it produces vitamins, enzymes, anti-tumour agents, immune-modifying agents, mainly antibiotic compounds. Various bioactive substances are produced by a wide variety of microorganisms including several species of bacteria and fungi. Hence, it was decided to isolate soil bacteria that is able to produce biologically active substances.

Methods

The bioactive compound producing strain was isolated from soil and the same was sequenced, submitted to gene bank for accession number. Related species was known by tree construction. The bacterial isolates from wound were tested for its susceptibility against bioactive compound isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens by disc diffusion assay. The produced compound was subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis for molecular weight determination.

Results

The isolated strain was obtained accession number KF532950, it contains high GC content of 63.6%. The bioactive compound produced from Streptomyces aureofaciens showed positive result against Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. and its molecular weight ranged from 14.3 to 97.4 Kd.

Conclusion

From the results obtained, it is concluded that, our strain produces bioactive compound which may be further characterized for its properties.

Objective

To develop an efficient method for the synthesis of Methyl-2-(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)naphthyridine-3-carboxylates which is suitable for different naphthyridines.

Methods

All reagents used were commercial grade, ¹H NMR spectra were obtained on a varian 400 MHz instrument with TMS as internal standard and chemical shifts are expressed δ ppm solvent used in DMSO-d₆ & CDCl₃ and LC–MS spectrum on a Waters LC–MS spectrometer operating at 70 ev. TLC is performed with E-Merch precoated silica gel plates (60F-254) with iodine as a developing agent. Acme, India silica gel, 60–120 mesh for column chromatography is used. All compounds are purified by column chromatography by using Silica gel (60–120 mesh) eluted with (50:1) dichloromethane in methanol.

Conclusions

We have developed an efficient protocol for the synthesis of Methyl-2-(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)naphthyridine-3-carboxylates.

This paper describes a reserved-phase HPLC method for detecting clenbuterol (CB) and ractopamine (RP) using an isocratic solvent-free mobile phase. The separations were performed a Kaseisorb^® LC C1-300-5 (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with 0.05 mol/L octane sulfonic acid mobile phase and a photodiode array detector. The total run time was <5 min. The system suitability was well within the international acceptance criteria. The detection limits were 0.68 ng/mL for CB and 1.24 ng/mL for RP, respectively. A harmless method for simultaneous detecting CB and RP was developed and may be further applied to the quantification in foods.

Objectives

Annona squamosa L. is a widely used Indian medicinal plant for the cure of deadly disease, diabetes. In recent decades, a great no. of chemical and pharmacological studies have been done on A. squamosa L. and still more research is required in order to search its bioactive components.

Methods

Bioassay dependent fractionation & isolation technique is used & repeated column chromatography was utilized to get pure compounds.

Results

Structure elucidation for compound A & compound B has been done using Mass, NMR, IR, UV, 1D & 2D NMR techniques.

Conclusion

In this paper we report one new compound from Indian medicinal plant A. squamosa L. which is characterized as 6,7-dimethoxy-2-methylisoquinolinium & is obtained from the twigs of the plant in its chloroform fraction. One known compound Rutin is also obtained from n-butanol fraction and is reported for the first time from this plant which is characterized as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{{(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy}methyl}tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy]-4H-chromen-4-one.

Photodegradation process and mechanism is a relative new and eco-friendly process to recycle and reuse of water. Some investigation concerned with effort to increase photocatalyst activity by immobilizing semiconductor oxide such as ZnO in clay as solid support. It was related to that photodegradation was directed by adsorption mechanism. However sometimes the activity of a photocatalyst is not linearly correlated with adsorption mechanism. In this research evaluation on photoactivity of ZnO-hectorite (ZnO/CTMA/Hectorite) and TiO₂-montmorillonite based material using statistical approximation compared to the linear model is studied. The model is evaluated for photodegradation of phenol solution. Some beneficial results of the probit model are (i) the guarantee of activity prediction value in the range of 0–100% (ii) interaction of adsorption and photodegradation mechanism is well described.

Aims

Diclofenac sodium is a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic action as a result of the blockade of prostaglandin synthesis by inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. Analysis of the active pharmaceutical ingredient as well as finished pharmaceutical product is of vital importance to help ensure that good quality products are manufactured and supplied to the patient end users. The aim of the study was to develop a simple and rapid method to enable timely release of products.

Methods

The method was developed using a mobile phase prepared with environment-friendly analytical grade solvents: toluene, acetone and glacial acetic acid (10:15:0.2 v/v/v). Diclofenac sodium reference material and samples were chromatographed using pre-coated TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ glass plates with a saturation time of 25 minutes and a densitometer detection wavelength of 284 nm in the reflectance absorbance mode. Detection and part of analysis was done using densitometer TLC Scanner 3 operated with Wincats (version 1.4.3) planar chromatograph software.

Results

A Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of diclofenac sodium tablets was developed and validated according to ICH and USP guidelines. The R_f of diclofenac sodium was at 0.60 and the method was repeatable, robust with good selectivity and specificity. Regression functions were established over the range of 250–600 ng/spot with r² of 0.993 and 0.999 for the linear and polynomial regressions respectively. The accuracy at nominal concentration was found to be 100.2%, and the results of the assay of three brands for diclofenac sodium tablets were found to meet the USP 95–105% assay limits thus demonstrating the usefulness of the method for the assay of these products.

The developed assay method for diclofenac sodium in tablets is simple, accurate, and inexpensive, with good precision and should be especially useful in resource constrained countries.

Objective

To investigate antimutagenic and antioxidant potency of the aqueous heat treated Ficus benghalensis stem bark (FBH) extract and Moringa oleifera root (MRH) extract against sodium azide in TA100 tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium and their inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation (LPO).

Methods

Mutagenicity was assayed by the standard Ames test (standard plate incorporation assay) and antioxidant potency was investigated by employing ex vivo inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liver Microsomes.

Results

Both FBH and MRH showed strong antimutagenic effect on S. typhimurium TA100 strains against sodium azide (NaN₃). IC₅₀ values of aqueous extract of FBH and MRH extracts were 70.24 μg/ml and 99.20 μg/ml respectively. FBH extract showed maximum inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation responses than MRH. IC₅₀ values of aqueous extract of FBH and MRH extracts were 80.24 μg/ml and 92 μg/ml respectively. FBH and MRH exhibited a dose dependent antioxidant activity.

Conclusion

The aqueous heat-treated FBH and MRH have antimutagenic as well as antioxidant activity. Further studies are in progress to evaluate the effect of both extracts by other antioxidant and antimutagenic assays and to identify the factors responsible for these activities.

Aims

Hydrocarbon components are carcinogens and neurotoxin organic pollutants. Biodegradation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils has been established as an efficient, economic, versatile and environmentally sound treatment. Our aim was to isolate the 2T engine degrading bacterial culture from automobile workshop contaminated soil.

Method

A total of nineteen morphological different bacterial cultures were isolated by enrichment and pour plate method. The growth of isolated cultures was studied in liquid M9 medium containing 0.5 % 2T engine oil. On the basis of increasing optical density in M9 medium only one bacterial strains GD₁₈ was selected for further study. On the basis of morphological, physiological and biochemical properties strain GD₁₈ was tentatively identified as pseudomonas sp. The degradation of 2T engine oil hydrocarbon degradation was checked by GC-MS analysis. The strain GD₁₈ degraded completely the following hydrocarbons (Tridecane, Tridecane 6 methyl, Dodecane 2, 6, 10 trimethyl, Naphthalene 1, 6 dimethyl, Pentadecane, Hexadecane, Heptadecane 2, 6, 10, 14 tetramethyl, Heneicosane, 11 decyl) with in 10 days.

Conclusion

The strain GD₁₈ was able to degrade 96.3 % of total hydrocarbons present in 2T engine oil. This is very efficient hydrocarbon degrading bacterial culture and can be used for successfully removal of 2T engine oil from contaminated soil.