Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100200
Chinmoy Mahata , Karri Naveen Kumar , E. Bruder , D. Gowtam , M. Sadhasivam , K. Durst , K.G. Pradeep
We report on the recovery of metastable Face Centred Cubic (FCC) phase from a severe plastically deformed 1 at% Cu alloyed non-equiatomic FeMnCoCr high-entropy alloy (HEA) for the first time. The well explored Cu free variant of the non-equiatomic FeMnCoCr HEA typically exhibits Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) wherein the metastable FCC solid solution transforms to Hexagonal Close Packed (ε, HCP) phase upon straining. Both Cu alloyed and Cu free HEA variants investigated in this work exhibited TRIP upon subjected to severe plastic deformation by High Pressure Torsion (HPT). A single rotation of HPT at 5 GPa of applied load resulted in the formation of ∼84 % ε-martensite phase in the Cu alloyed HEA. Subsequent increase in the number of rotations led to further enhancement in the ε-martensite fraction, with a maximum of 89.6 % achieved after 20 rotations. While the initial single rotation substantially promotes martensitic transformation, the rate of phase transformation decreases with subsequent rotations. Corresponding to the presence of ε-martensite across various regions in the HPT samples, the hardness profiles exhibited a monotonous increase from the centre to the periphery. Annealing treatment performed at 900 °C of the HPT-processed samples led to a substantial recovery of the parent FCC solid solution highlighting the adaptable nature of these metastable HEAs facilitating composite strengthening.
{"title":"Recovery of metastable solid solution from a severe plastically deformed Cu alloyed FeMnCoCr high entropy alloy","authors":"Chinmoy Mahata , Karri Naveen Kumar , E. Bruder , D. Gowtam , M. Sadhasivam , K. Durst , K.G. Pradeep","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report on the recovery of metastable Face Centred Cubic (FCC) phase from a severe plastically deformed 1 at% Cu alloyed non-equiatomic FeMnCoCr high-entropy alloy (HEA) for the first time. The well explored Cu free variant of the non-equiatomic FeMnCoCr HEA typically exhibits Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) wherein the metastable FCC solid solution transforms to Hexagonal Close Packed (ε, HCP) phase upon straining. Both Cu alloyed and Cu free HEA variants investigated in this work exhibited TRIP upon subjected to severe plastic deformation by High Pressure Torsion (HPT). A single rotation of HPT at 5 GPa of applied load resulted in the formation of ∼84 % ε-martensite phase in the Cu alloyed HEA. Subsequent increase in the number of rotations led to further enhancement in the ε-martensite fraction, with a maximum of 89.6 % achieved after 20 rotations. While the initial single rotation substantially promotes martensitic transformation, the rate of phase transformation decreases with subsequent rotations. Corresponding to the presence of ε-martensite across various regions in the HPT samples, the hardness profiles exhibited a monotonous increase from the centre to the periphery. Annealing treatment performed at 900 °C of the HPT-processed samples led to a substantial recovery of the parent FCC solid solution highlighting the adaptable nature of these metastable HEAs facilitating composite strengthening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aerospace and automotive industries highly value aluminum matrix composites due to their superior mechanical properties, ability to be shaped and cast, lightweight, resistance to corrosion, and cost-effectiveness. This study focuses on the fabrication of an aluminum-based hybrid composite using recycled aluminum from beverage cans, reinforced with 2 wt% coconut shell ash (CSA) and varying proportions (2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4 wt%) of rice husk ash (RHA) through the stir-casting technique. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was performed to confirm the chemical composition of the aluminum ingot obtained from the waste aluminum can. The distribution of reinforcement particles within the aluminum metal matrix was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Experimental tests were conducted on the fabricated hybrid composites to determine their mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and Vickers Hardness The results showed that the presence of 4 % RHA in the composites containing 2 % CSA increases the hardness compared to the recycled aluminum. The highest hardness recorded was 105.9 HV, while the recycled metal had a hardness of 68.5 HV. The tensile and flexural strengths increased with the incorporation of reinforcements. However, at a concentration of 4 wt% RHA and 2 % wt% CSA, the tensile and flexural strengths began to decline due to the inhomogeneous mixing and aggregation of reinforcements within the aluminum matrix, as observed from SEM images. The composite material exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 96 MPa and a maximum flexural strength of 247.7 MPa at a concentration of 3 wt% RHA and 2 % wt% CSA. These findings highlight the potential of recycled aluminum and waste-derived green reinforcement to fabricate aluminum-based hybrid composite for advanced applications.
{"title":"Mechanical, micro-structural and emission study of recycled aluminum based hybrid composites","authors":"Md. Mostafa Kamal, Durjay Saha, Md. Lobidh Prodhan, Md. Abdul Kader, Md. Bakhtierkhalzi, Md Shamimur Rahman Shanto, Md Asifur Rahman Sakib","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aerospace and automotive industries highly value aluminum matrix composites due to their superior mechanical properties, ability to be shaped and cast, lightweight, resistance to corrosion, and cost-effectiveness. This study focuses on the fabrication of an aluminum-based hybrid composite using recycled aluminum from beverage cans, reinforced with 2 wt% coconut shell ash (CSA) and varying proportions (2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4 wt%) of rice husk ash (RHA) through the stir-casting technique. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was performed to confirm the chemical composition of the aluminum ingot obtained from the waste aluminum can. The distribution of reinforcement particles within the aluminum metal matrix was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Experimental tests were conducted on the fabricated hybrid composites to determine their mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and Vickers Hardness The results showed that the presence of 4 % RHA in the composites containing 2 % CSA increases the hardness compared to the recycled aluminum. The highest hardness recorded was 105.9 HV, while the recycled metal had a hardness of 68.5 HV. The tensile and flexural strengths increased with the incorporation of reinforcements. However, at a concentration of 4 wt% RHA and 2 % wt% CSA, the tensile and flexural strengths began to decline due to the inhomogeneous mixing and aggregation of reinforcements within the aluminum matrix, as observed from SEM images. The composite material exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 96 MPa and a maximum flexural strength of 247.7 MPa at a concentration of 3 wt% RHA and 2 % wt% CSA. These findings highlight the potential of recycled aluminum and waste-derived green reinforcement to fabricate aluminum-based hybrid composite for advanced applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100197
Md. Ibrahim Kholil Rahat , Mohammad Salman Haque , Chandana Mondal , Tasnia Pasha , Ovishak Baroi , Md. Ashik Raj , Md. Nazmul Ahsan Dipon
Five and ten loading cycles were applied within the range of 0–30 kN in order to examine the effects of pre-cyclic loading on TMT steel bars. Grain refinement as a barrier to dislocation motion was the outcome of pre-cyclic loading, which greatly reduced plastic deformation and increased strength. The yield strength increased by 57 % after 5 cycles and by 45 % after 10 cycles as a result of grain refining. Furthermore, this reduced the elongation and impact energy of the pre-cyclic loaded materials by decreasing their ductility. However, crack formation brought on by high cyclic stress (10 cycles of 0–30 kN) impairs the steel's overall performance. The existence of cracks negated the strengthening impact of the ten cycles of pre-loading. SEM pictures showed that the pre-loaded samples' fracture surface had dimples, which suggested ductile fracture. The optical microstructure and SEM image show the crack that developed for the ten cycles of pre-loading. Nevertheless, the sample's hardness was unaffected by the fracture creation and appeared to have increased in both situations. The steel's tensile strength, toughness, UTS, ductility, and impact energy were all diminished by the microstructural crack that developed in the 10-cycle preloaded sample. The findings imply that mechanical qualities may deteriorate with increased cyclic loads (such as 10 cycles).
{"title":"Synergistic effect of pre-cyclic loading on tensile properties and microstructural changes in low-carbon steel","authors":"Md. Ibrahim Kholil Rahat , Mohammad Salman Haque , Chandana Mondal , Tasnia Pasha , Ovishak Baroi , Md. Ashik Raj , Md. Nazmul Ahsan Dipon","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Five and ten loading cycles were applied within the range of 0–30 kN in order to examine the effects of pre-cyclic loading on TMT steel bars. Grain refinement as a barrier to dislocation motion was the outcome of pre-cyclic loading, which greatly reduced plastic deformation and increased strength. The yield strength increased by 57 % after 5 cycles and by 45 % after 10 cycles as a result of grain refining. Furthermore, this reduced the elongation and impact energy of the pre-cyclic loaded materials by decreasing their ductility. However, crack formation brought on by high cyclic stress (10 cycles of 0–30 kN) impairs the steel's overall performance. The existence of cracks negated the strengthening impact of the ten cycles of pre-loading. SEM pictures showed that the pre-loaded samples' fracture surface had dimples, which suggested ductile fracture. The optical microstructure and SEM image show the crack that developed for the ten cycles of pre-loading. Nevertheless, the sample's hardness was unaffected by the fracture creation and appeared to have increased in both situations. The steel's tensile strength, toughness, UTS, ductility, and impact energy were all diminished by the microstructural crack that developed in the 10-cycle preloaded sample. The findings imply that mechanical qualities may deteriorate with increased cyclic loads (such as 10 cycles).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100203
Chiamaka Okafor , Amit Datye , Shuhan Zhang , Udo D. Schwarz , Norman Munroe
Plastic deformation of MgxLi1Zn0.5Ca (x = 0, 4, 8, 11) alloys after thermomechanical treatment were explored in this investigation. Nanomechanical testing and microstructural characterization were conducted on as-cast alloys as well as those rolled at room temperature and 200 °C. The grain size of the 0 wt% Li alloy decreased after cold and hot rolling, whereas that for alloys with 11 wt% Li content decreased after rolling at 200 °C. Additionally, reorientation of crystallographic planes occurred as evidenced by changes in peak intensity of prismatic, basal and pyramidal planes of x-ray diffractograms. The hardness and yield strength of both as-cast and rolled alloys increased after rolling, especially for alloys containing the α-Mg phase. Furthermore, the single β-phase had a strain rate sensitivity of 0.06 and an activation volume greater than 107 nm3. These results suggest that the dominant deformation mechanisms include basal slipping, twinning and cross slipping. The combined studies of deformation mechanism and thermomechanical processing offered a robust method to understand the Mg alloys' plastic behavior.
{"title":"Influence of lithium concentration on microstructure and nanomechanical characterization of plastically deformed lightweight Mg-Li-Zn-Ca alloys","authors":"Chiamaka Okafor , Amit Datye , Shuhan Zhang , Udo D. Schwarz , Norman Munroe","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic deformation of Mg<em>x</em>Li1Zn0.5Ca (<em>x</em> = 0, 4, 8, 11) alloys after thermomechanical treatment were explored in this investigation. Nanomechanical testing and microstructural characterization were conducted on as-cast alloys as well as those rolled at room temperature and 200 °C. The grain size of the 0 wt% Li alloy decreased after cold and hot rolling, whereas that for alloys with 11 wt% Li content decreased after rolling at 200 °C. Additionally, reorientation of crystallographic planes occurred as evidenced by changes in peak intensity of prismatic, basal and pyramidal planes of x-ray diffractograms. The hardness and yield strength of both as-cast and rolled alloys increased after rolling, especially for alloys containing the α-Mg phase. Furthermore, the single β-phase had a strain rate sensitivity of 0.06 and an activation volume greater than 10<sup>7</sup> nm<sup>3</sup>. These results suggest that the dominant deformation mechanisms include basal slipping, twinning and cross slipping. The combined studies of deformation mechanism and thermomechanical processing offered a robust method to understand the Mg alloys' plastic behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100199
Himanshu Sharma , Reliance Jain , K. Raja Rao
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are gaining significant attention due to their unique microstructures and outstanding properties. However, traditional design approaches are time-intensive and labor-intensive process, making machine learning (ML) a promising tool for accelerating discovery. In this work, we explored the prediction of density for lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys (LRHEAs), incorporating alloying elements and liquidous and solidus temperature into the analysis. To evaluate the machine learning models, we used numerous performance matrices, together with the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). After selecting the optimal model, we successfully predicted the density of new alloys. The XGB model proved to be the most effective, yielding impressive performance metrics (R2 = 0.995, MAE = 0.6 %, RMSE = 0.6 %).
{"title":"Machine learning-driven design of low-density Ta-Nb-W-V-Zr-Ti-Mo refractory high-entropy alloys for high-temperature applications","authors":"Himanshu Sharma , Reliance Jain , K. Raja Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are gaining significant attention due to their unique microstructures and outstanding properties. However, traditional design approaches are time-intensive and labor-intensive process, making machine learning (ML) a promising tool for accelerating discovery. In this work, we explored the prediction of density for lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys (LRHEAs), incorporating alloying elements and liquidous and solidus temperature into the analysis. To evaluate the machine learning models, we used numerous performance matrices, together with the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). After selecting the optimal model, we successfully predicted the density of new alloys. The XGB model proved to be the most effective, yielding impressive performance metrics (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.995, MAE = 0.6 %, RMSE = 0.6 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100204
Md. Ashab Siddique Zaki , Tanisha Ahmed , Fahmida Gulshan
Magnesium alloys offer enormous potential as biodegradable implant materials due to their biocompatibility, low density, and bone-like mechanical qualities, making them ideal for orthopedic and cardiovascular implants. However, rapid depreciation in physiological circumstances results in initial mechanical breakdown and hydrogen gas release, which can cause tissue damage. Alloying, thermomechanical processing, and surface treatments are all necessary methods for controlling the degradation rate while retaining implant stability. This study evaluates the effects of double continuous extrusion (DCE) and Gd addition on the microstructural evolution and mechanical and corrosion behavior of the Mg-2Zn alloy. The Mg3Zn3Gd2 secondary phase is produced when Gd and DCE are combined, as shown by XRD and microscopy. Refined microstructures less than 2 µm are produced as a result of improving corrosion behavior and mechanical characteristics. The DCE sample of Mg-2Zn-1Gd has yield stress (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation values of 350 MPa, 425 MPa, and 20 %, respectively, due to refined grain and secondary phase dispersion, which are above the minimal requirement for biodegradable implants. Precipitation strengthening and Hall-Petch strengthening are responsible for the hardness enhancement with DCE. However, because of the coupling between the Mg matrix and the Mg3Zn3Gd2 particles, galvanic corrosion accelerates. Interestingly, DCE reduces galvanic effects and improves surface protection, resulting in a lower corrosion rate compared to as-cast Mg-2Zn and Mg-2Zn-1Gd and extruded samples. All of them suggest that double continuously extruded Mg-2Zn-1Gd alloy has a bright future in biodegradable applications, particularly in orthopedic implants.
{"title":"Effect of double continuous extrusion on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of Mg-2Zn-1Gd alloy for biodegradable implants","authors":"Md. Ashab Siddique Zaki , Tanisha Ahmed , Fahmida Gulshan","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium alloys offer enormous potential as biodegradable implant materials due to their biocompatibility, low density, and bone-like mechanical qualities, making them ideal for orthopedic and cardiovascular implants. However, rapid depreciation in physiological circumstances results in initial mechanical breakdown and hydrogen gas release, which can cause tissue damage. Alloying, thermomechanical processing, and surface treatments are all necessary methods for controlling the degradation rate while retaining implant stability. This study evaluates the effects of double continuous extrusion (DCE) and Gd addition on the microstructural evolution and mechanical and corrosion behavior of the Mg-2Zn alloy. The Mg<sub>3</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub>Gd<sub>2</sub> secondary phase is produced when Gd and DCE are combined, as shown by XRD and microscopy. Refined microstructures less than 2 µm are produced as a result of improving corrosion behavior and mechanical characteristics. The DCE sample of Mg-2Zn-1Gd has yield stress (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation values of 350 MPa, 425 MPa, and 20 %, respectively, due to refined grain and secondary phase dispersion, which are above the minimal requirement for biodegradable implants. Precipitation strengthening and Hall-Petch strengthening are responsible for the hardness enhancement with DCE. However, because of the coupling between the Mg matrix and the Mg<sub>3</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub>Gd<sub>2</sub> particles, galvanic corrosion accelerates. Interestingly, DCE reduces galvanic effects and improves surface protection, resulting in a lower corrosion rate compared to as-cast Mg-2Zn and Mg-2Zn-1Gd and extruded samples. All of them suggest that double continuously extruded Mg-2Zn-1Gd alloy has a bright future in biodegradable applications, particularly in orthopedic implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work investigates the effect of nickel addition (Ni) on electromigration failure resistance of lead-free solder alloy Sn–30Bi as a thermal interface material. Sn–30Bi is a potential solder suitable to be utilized as thermal interface material; however, its electromigration failure resistance under high current density are yet to explored. In the present work, the authors investigated the effect of progressive Ni addition i.e., 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% on the microstructural evolution, thermal properties, tensile properties and electromigration behavior of the solder composites. Optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to study the microstructural evolution, and elemental analysis was performed using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry was used for the analysis of thermal properties of the solder alloys. After measuring tensile properties, finally, a custom-made electromigration test rig was used to investigate electromigration behavior at varying current densities. From these tests, the Sn–30Bi–0.5Ni alloy demonstrated superior electromigration failure resistance, and it seems therefore to be a very promising candidate for high-reliability thermal interface material applications.
{"title":"Suppression of electromigration failure in Ni added Sn-30Bi solder composite as thermal interface material","authors":"Munim Shahriar Jawad , Md. Mahmudul Islam , Sadia Rafiq, Md. Muktadir Billah","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research work investigates the effect of nickel addition (Ni) on electromigration failure resistance of lead-free solder alloy Sn–30Bi as a thermal interface material. Sn–30Bi is a potential solder suitable to be utilized as thermal interface material; however, its electromigration failure resistance under high current density are yet to explored. In the present work, the authors investigated the effect of progressive Ni addition i.e., 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% on the microstructural evolution, thermal properties, tensile properties and electromigration behavior of the solder composites. Optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to study the microstructural evolution, and elemental analysis was performed using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry was used for the analysis of thermal properties of the solder alloys. After measuring tensile properties, finally, a custom-made electromigration test rig was used to investigate electromigration behavior at varying current densities. From these tests, the Sn–30Bi–0.5Ni alloy demonstrated superior electromigration failure resistance, and it seems therefore to be a very promising candidate for high-reliability thermal interface material applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effect of castor seed shell particulates (CSSp) in particle size of 63 μm on the mechanical, structural and wear properties of Al-4.5 wt%Cu-2wt%Si-0.5 wt%Mg-based composites. The CSSp was alkali-treated to improve surface morphology, distribution, and interaction with the Al-4.5 wt%Cu-2wt%Si-0.5 wt%Mg alloy. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the materials. The aluminum-based alloy system composites were produced using the double-layer feeding stir casting technique, with reinforcements added in loading of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 wt%. Results from characterization revealed the presence of a high percentage of CaO and traces of other metallic oxides in CSSp, which forms high-temperature compounds and also plays an important role in carbide formation in composites, thus improving mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the composites showed improvements in ultimate tensile strength, hardness, impact, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, with a maximum tensile strength of 130.4 MPa, hardness of 49.5 BHN, impact of 47.7 J, and a lower wear rate of 2.83 × 10–4 mm3/mm. The densities of the composite sample decrease as the CSSp reinforcement is increased, with the composite sample having the lowest density value of 2.589 g/cm3 theoretical and 2.153 g/cm3 experimental occurring at a 21w% CSSp reinforcement value. The difference between the theoretical and experimental density values indicates the presence of porosity, which has its highest value of 2.94 at 21w% of the CSSp reinforcement. Because of its increased wettability and minimal porous structure, the CSSp-reinforced aluminum-based composite has the lowest density value. The findings led to the conclusion that CSSp is a promising plant-based reinforcing material for improving the properties of aluminum-based composites. This suggests that alkaline-treated CSSp can significantly improve the mechanical and structural properties of aluminium-based composites.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of castor shell particulates on the structural and mechanical properties of Al-(4.5 wt%Cu-2wt%Si-0.5 wt%Mg) composite","authors":"Jude Ezechi Dara, Onyemazuwa Andrew Azaka, Sunday Uzochukwu Ogoh, Jeremiah Lekwuwa Chukwuneke, Ikechukwu Chukwuka Egbuna, John Chikaelo Okeke, Callistus Princewill Odeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effect of castor seed shell particulates (CSSp) in particle size of 63 μm on the mechanical, structural and wear properties of Al-4.5 wt%Cu-2wt%Si-0.5 wt%Mg-based composites. The CSSp was alkali-treated to improve surface morphology, distribution, and interaction with the Al-4.5 wt%Cu-2wt%Si-0.5 wt%Mg alloy. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the materials. The aluminum-based alloy system composites were produced using the double-layer feeding stir casting technique, with reinforcements added in loading of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 wt%. Results from characterization revealed the presence of a high percentage of CaO and traces of other metallic oxides in CSSp, which forms high-temperature compounds and also plays an important role in carbide formation in composites, thus improving mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the composites showed improvements in ultimate tensile strength, hardness, impact, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, with a maximum tensile strength of 130.4 MPa, hardness of 49.5 BHN, impact of 47.7 J, and a lower wear rate of 2.83 × 10–4 mm<sup>3</sup>/mm. The densities of the composite sample decrease as the CSSp reinforcement is increased, with the composite sample having the lowest density value of 2.589 g/cm<sup>3</sup> theoretical and 2.153 g/cm<sup>3</sup> experimental occurring at a 21w% CSSp reinforcement value. The difference between the theoretical and experimental density values indicates the presence of porosity, which has its highest value of 2.94 at 21w% of the CSSp reinforcement. Because of its increased wettability and minimal porous structure, the CSSp-reinforced aluminum-based composite has the lowest density value. The findings led to the conclusion that CSSp is a promising plant-based reinforcing material for improving the properties of aluminum-based composites. This suggests that alkaline-treated CSSp can significantly improve the mechanical and structural properties of aluminium-based composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100205
Nur Atiqah Ideris , Hussain Zuhailawati , Ahmad Farrahnoor
A titanium-niobium-wollastonite (Ti-Nb-CaSiO3) composite was developed using mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy methods. The composite was then pressed conventionally and sintered at three different temperatures (800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C) under an argon gas environment. With the rise in temperature to 1200 °C, there was an observed increase in both the compressive strength (248.52 MPa) and elastic modulus (58.90 GPa). This can be attributed to the improved densification (5.263 g/cm3) and decrease in porosity (9.33 %). Upon immersion in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) for 30 days, apatite deposition corresponding to Ca, P and O layers forms on the surface of the composite. At 1200 °C, the Ti-Nb-CaSiO3 composite demonstrated increased apatite coverage due to ion leaching from the composite surface, resulting in an amorphous structure, indicating its potential for faster bone regeneration. Based on the results, the produced Ti-Nb-CaSiO3 composite is a viable material for load-bearing orthopaedic applications, offering a balanced combination of mechanical integrity and bioactivity evaluation.
采用机械合金化和粉末冶金方法制备了钛-铌-硅灰石（Ti-Nb-CaSiO3）复合材料。然后在氩气环境下按常规压制复合材料，并在800°C、1000°C和1200°C三种不同温度下烧结。当温度升高到1200℃时，材料的抗压强度（248.52 MPa）和弹性模量（58.90 GPa）均有所增加。这可归因于致密性的提高（5.263 g/cm3）和孔隙率的降低（9.33 %）。在汉克平衡盐溶液（Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution， HBSS）中浸泡30天后，复合材料表面形成与Ca、P、O层相对应的磷灰石沉积。在1200°C时，由于离子从复合材料表面浸出，钛- nb - casio3复合材料显示出磷灰石覆盖增加，导致无定形结构，表明其具有更快的骨再生潜力。基于这些结果，Ti-Nb-CaSiO3复合材料是一种可行的承重骨科应用材料，提供了机械完整性和生物活性评估的平衡组合。
{"title":"Sintering-induced phase evolution and its influence on compressive strength, elastic modulus and bioactivity of Ti-Nb-CaSiO3 composites","authors":"Nur Atiqah Ideris , Hussain Zuhailawati , Ahmad Farrahnoor","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A titanium-niobium-wollastonite (Ti-Nb-CaSiO<sub>3</sub>) composite was developed using mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy methods. The composite was then pressed conventionally and sintered at three different temperatures (800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C) under an argon gas environment. With the rise in temperature to 1200 °C, there was an observed increase in both the compressive strength (248.52 MPa) and elastic modulus (58.90 GPa). This can be attributed to the improved densification (5.263 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) and decrease in porosity (9.33 %). Upon immersion in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) for 30 days, apatite deposition corresponding to Ca, P and O layers forms on the surface of the composite. At 1200 °C, the Ti-Nb-CaSiO<sub>3</sub> composite demonstrated increased apatite coverage due to ion leaching from the composite surface, resulting in an amorphous structure, indicating its potential for faster bone regeneration. Based on the results, the produced Ti-Nb-CaSiO<sub>3</sub> composite is a viable material for load-bearing orthopaedic applications, offering a balanced combination of mechanical integrity and bioactivity evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100209
V. Shalomeev , S. Sheyko , O. Hrechanyi , T. Vasilchenko , V. Vinichenko , O. Korobko
Improvement of the design of modern heat engines is characterized by expanding the use of heat-resistant fiber composites. The component that largely determines the strength and technological properties of the composite is the fibers. Currently the requirements for the strength and technological properties of reinforcing fibers are quite fully met by wires made of various tungsten-rhenium and molybdenum-rhenium alloys. A promising method for forming a composite material is the pulse heating method, which, if the parameters are set irrationally, can lead to a decrease in the properties of reinforcing fibers made of tungsten-rhenium or molybdenum-rhenium wire. Therefore, in this work, we studied the effect of pulse heating parameters on the properties of reinforcing fibers from various tungsten-rhenium and molybdenum-rhenium alloys. It was found that reinforcing fibers made of tungsten-rhenium alloy containing about 5 % rhenium become brittle after pulse heating to temperatures above 2000 °C, which does not allow the formation of a defect-free structure of the composite material. Reinforcing fibers made of tungsten-rhenium alloys containing about 27 % rhenium remain plastic up to melting temperatures, which allows the formation of a defect-free structure of the composite material.
{"title":"Study of the influence of pulse heating on the structure and properties of reinforcing fibers from tungsten-rhenium alloys","authors":"V. Shalomeev , S. Sheyko , O. Hrechanyi , T. Vasilchenko , V. Vinichenko , O. Korobko","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improvement of the design of modern heat engines is characterized by expanding the use of heat-resistant fiber composites. The component that largely determines the strength and technological properties of the composite is the fibers. Currently the requirements for the strength and technological properties of reinforcing fibers are quite fully met by wires made of various tungsten-rhenium and molybdenum-rhenium alloys. A promising method for forming a composite material is the pulse heating method, which, if the parameters are set irrationally, can lead to a decrease in the properties of reinforcing fibers made of tungsten-rhenium or molybdenum-rhenium wire. Therefore, in this work, we studied the effect of pulse heating parameters on the properties of reinforcing fibers from various tungsten-rhenium and molybdenum-rhenium alloys. It was found that reinforcing fibers made of tungsten-rhenium alloy containing about 5 % rhenium become brittle after pulse heating to temperatures above 2000 °C, which does not allow the formation of a defect-free structure of the composite material. Reinforcing fibers made of tungsten-rhenium alloys containing about 27 % rhenium remain plastic up to melting temperatures, which allows the formation of a defect-free structure of the composite material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号