Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems最新文献

英文中文

Strandless rolling based on four-high modules in stands of continuous section mills

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100149

L. Oginskiy , O. Hrechanyi , T. Vasilchenko , A. Vlasov , Y. Torba

When rolling in forks without grooves, the most problematic problem continues to be to ensure the stability of the rolling in the rolls and between the stands. The analysis was carried out and recommendations were developed for improving the technology and equipment for roughing groups of stands of continuous mills, intended mainly for rolling simple sections. A technology has been developed that includes the use of four-roll modules formed by two pairs of rolls for rolling stock reduction in two mutually perpendicular directions. Rolls of one of the pairs are non-driven and they are mixed in the direction of rolling, deformation in them is carried out due to the support of the driven rolls. Non-driven rolls are deforming and at the same time perform the function of the outlet mating reinforcement, ensuring the stability of the roll in the rolls. The four-roll module was created on the basis of the author's developments used in section mills and intended for the formation of four-roll calibers in the operating duo stands. In the four-roll deformation zone formed by the module, a stress state diagram is created, which is close to all-round compression. This ensures an increase in the roll-out of surface defects of the deformed metal. Experimental studies have confirmed that defects roll out as 40–50 % more intensively in a four-roll deformation zone than in a box one. The equipment and method for caliber-free rolling in the roughing group of stands of continuous light section mill 250 have been developed.

{"title":"Strandless rolling based on four-high modules in stands of continuous section mills","authors":"L. Oginskiy , O. Hrechanyi , T. Vasilchenko , A. Vlasov , Y. Torba","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When rolling in forks without grooves, the most problematic problem continues to be to ensure the stability of the rolling in the rolls and between the stands. The analysis was carried out and recommendations were developed for improving the technology and equipment for roughing groups of stands of continuous mills, intended mainly for rolling simple sections. A technology has been developed that includes the use of four-roll modules formed by two pairs of rolls for rolling stock reduction in two mutually perpendicular directions. Rolls of one of the pairs are non-driven and they are mixed in the direction of rolling, deformation in them is carried out due to the support of the driven rolls. Non-driven rolls are deforming and at the same time perform the function of the outlet mating reinforcement, ensuring the stability of the roll in the rolls. The four-roll module was created on the basis of the author's developments used in section mills and intended for the formation of four-roll calibers in the operating duo stands. In the four-roll deformation zone formed by the module, a stress state diagram is created, which is close to all-round compression. This ensures an increase in the roll-out of surface defects of the deformed metal. Experimental studies have confirmed that defects roll out as 40–50 % more intensively in a four-roll deformation zone than in a box one. The equipment and method for caliber-free rolling in the roughing group of stands of continuous light section mill 250 have been developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-phase nanocrystalline MoNb (Fe) and MoNbTi (Fe) based multi-principal element alloys with superior “density-normalized” hardness

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100148

Deekshith G. Kalali , K. Guruvidyathri , Mahesh Patel , K. Bhanu Sankara Rao , Koteswararao V. Rajulapati

MoNb (Fe) and MoNbTi (Fe) based refractory multi-principal element alloys are processed using high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Multiple phases are observed after sintering the single-phase MoNb (Fe) and MoNbTi (Fe) milled powders. Fe (from milling media) is involved in the phase formations in both MoNb (Fe) and MoNbTi (Fe) alloys. The phases after SPS match well with the Calphad (Calculation of Phase Diagram) studies. The density of the MoNbTi (Fe) alloy (7.67 g/cc) is very low compared to the various commercial Niobium alloys like C-103 (8.85 g/cc), C-129Y (9.5 g/cc), and C3009 (10.1 g/cc). The combination of high hardness and low density in the present work is exceptional and it surpasses many commercial Nb-based alloys, indicating their potential for high-temperature aerospace applications. The inference from the present study is that the strengthening of the alloy depends not only on the number of elements but also on the elements selected. Thus, binary and ternary alloys can also offer more strengthening advantages compared to the systems containing 5 or 6 elements in high concentrations which in turn will lead to cost reduction.

{"title":"Multi-phase nanocrystalline MoNb (Fe) and MoNbTi (Fe) based multi-principal element alloys with superior “density-normalized” hardness","authors":"Deekshith G. Kalali , K. Guruvidyathri , Mahesh Patel , K. Bhanu Sankara Rao , Koteswararao V. Rajulapati","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MoNb (Fe) and MoNbTi (Fe) based refractory multi-principal element alloys are processed using high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Multiple phases are observed after sintering the single-phase MoNb (Fe) and MoNbTi (Fe) milled powders. Fe (from milling media) is involved in the phase formations in both MoNb (Fe) and MoNbTi (Fe) alloys. The phases after SPS match well with the Calphad (Calculation of Phase Diagram) studies. The density of the MoNbTi (Fe) alloy (7.67 g/cc) is very low compared to the various commercial Niobium alloys like C-103 (8.85 g/cc), C-129Y (9.5 g/cc), and C3009 (10.1 g/cc). The combination of high hardness and low density in the present work is exceptional and it surpasses many commercial Nb-based alloys, indicating their potential for high-temperature aerospace applications. The inference from the present study is that the strengthening of the alloy depends not only on the number of elements but also on the elements selected. Thus, binary and ternary alloys can also offer more strengthening advantages compared to the systems containing 5 or 6 elements in high concentrations which in turn will lead to cost reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of heat treatment in enhancing microstructure and properties of Inconel 625 manufactured by directed energy deposition using wire arc

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100147

Paranthaman V , Dhivakar Poosapadi , Ashwin Sailesh , Vipin Sharma , Rahul Singh , Rajasekhara Babu L , K.K. Arun , M. Ravichandran , T.S. Senthil

Inconel 625, a nickel-based superalloy, is known for its exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, widely utilized in aerospace, marine, and chemical industries. Inconel 625 components fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition using Wire Arc (DED-Wire Arc), exhibit coarse dendritic microstructures and Laves phases in the as-built state, necessitating heat treatments for property enhancement. Heat treatments at 1050–1100 °C improved tensile strength by up to 15–17 % (e.g., from 850 MPa to 980 MPa for DED-Arc) and hardness by 40–52 % (e.g., from 250 HV to 380 HV). Solubilisation effectively dissolved Laves and MC-type carbides, reducing phase fractions to 15 % and promoting a more uniform microstructure. Annealing at 700–900 °C induced γ′ and γ′′ precipitates, optimizing hardness while maintaining elongation. Comparatively, DED-LB and PBF-LB techniques, with finer as-built microstructures, achieved better responses to heat treatments, reaching tensile strengths of 1050 MPa and elongations of 25 % post-solubilisation. Rapid quenching methods controlled recrystallization, reducing grain boundaries and improving corrosion resistance by 32 % in corrosion potential and decreasing passivation current density by 52 %. This study highlights the significant role of heat treatments in enhancing the microstructure and properties of Inconel 625 produced by DED-Wire Arc, positioning it as a reliable candidate for demanding industrial applications.

{"title":"Role of heat treatment in enhancing microstructure and properties of Inconel 625 manufactured by directed energy deposition using wire arc","authors":"Paranthaman V , Dhivakar Poosapadi , Ashwin Sailesh , Vipin Sharma , Rahul Singh , Rajasekhara Babu L , K.K. Arun , M. Ravichandran , T.S. Senthil","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inconel 625, a nickel-based superalloy, is known for its exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, widely utilized in aerospace, marine, and chemical industries. Inconel 625 components fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition using Wire Arc (DED-Wire Arc), exhibit coarse dendritic microstructures and Laves phases in the as-built state, necessitating heat treatments for property enhancement. Heat treatments at 1050–1100 °C improved tensile strength by up to 15–17 % (e.g., from 850 MPa to 980 MPa for DED-Arc) and hardness by 40–52 % (e.g., from 250 HV to 380 HV). Solubilisation effectively dissolved Laves and MC-type carbides, reducing phase fractions to 15 % and promoting a more uniform microstructure. Annealing at 700–900 °C induced γ′ and γ′′ precipitates, optimizing hardness while maintaining elongation. Comparatively, DED-LB and PBF-LB techniques, with finer as-built microstructures, achieved better responses to heat treatments, reaching tensile strengths of 1050 MPa and elongations of 25 % post-solubilisation. Rapid quenching methods controlled recrystallization, reducing grain boundaries and improving corrosion resistance by 32 % in corrosion potential and decreasing passivation current density by 52 %. This study highlights the significant role of heat treatments in enhancing the microstructure and properties of Inconel 625 produced by DED-Wire Arc, positioning it as a reliable candidate for demanding industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polarisation studies of ZrVTiNbAl high entropy alloy in acidic, neutral and basic aqueous solution

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100143

V. Dubey , P. Chakraborty , S. Roychowdhury , R. Tewari

The electrochemical behavior of a light weight refractory high entropy alloy (HEA) system (ZrVTiNbAl) was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Experiments were done in HNO₃ (1 M and 0.1 M), NaOH (1 M and 0.1 M) and neutral aqueous solution and the results were compared with that of SS304L in the same solution. Two compositions of ZrVTiNbAl were used in this investigation, one equiatomic (named C1) and the other non-equiatomic (35Nb25V25Ti10Al5Zr at%; named C2). Results indicated that the corrosion resistance of the equiatomic HEA (C1) having higher aluminum content (∼20 at% Al) was better than that of both C2 (∼10 at% Al) and SS304L in acidic as well as neutral solution. The higher corrosion resistance of C1 was demonstrated through the absence of trans-passive behavior, lowest passive current density and the lowest corrosion current. C2 showed very high corrosion current density and transpassive dissolution in 1 M and 0.1 M NaOH solution while SS304L showed transpassive dissolution in all the environments. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and XPS analysis of the HEAs after potentiostatic polarization in 0.1 M HNO₃ at 0.5 V_(SCE) indicated the passive film formed on C1 to contain a mixture of oxides of all the alloying elements while C2 did not show the presence of Al₂O₃ in the passive film. The presence of Al₂O₃ in the passive film of C1 was identified as the key factor contributing to its superior corrosion resistance, as it promoted passivation behavior.

{"title":"Polarisation studies of ZrVTiNbAl high entropy alloy in acidic, neutral and basic aqueous solution","authors":"V. Dubey , P. Chakraborty , S. Roychowdhury , R. Tewari","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrochemical behavior of a light weight refractory high entropy alloy (HEA) system (ZrVTiNbAl) was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Experiments were done in HNO<sub>3</sub> (1 M and 0.1 M), NaOH (1 M and 0.1 M) and neutral aqueous solution and the results were compared with that of SS304L in the same solution. Two compositions of ZrVTiNbAl were used in this investigation, one equiatomic (named C1) and the other non-equiatomic (35Nb25V25Ti10Al5Zr at%; named C2). Results indicated that the corrosion resistance of the equiatomic HEA (C1) having higher aluminum content (∼20 at% Al) was better than that of both C2 (∼10 at% Al) and SS304L in acidic as well as neutral solution. The higher corrosion resistance of C1 was demonstrated through the absence of trans-passive behavior, lowest passive current density and the lowest corrosion current. C2 showed very high corrosion current density and transpassive dissolution in 1 M and 0.1 M NaOH solution while SS304L showed transpassive dissolution in all the environments. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and XPS analysis of the HEAs after potentiostatic polarization in 0.1 M HNO<sub>3</sub> at 0.5 V<sub>(SCE)</sub> indicated the passive film formed on C1 to contain a mixture of oxides of all the alloying elements while C2 did not show the presence of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the passive film. The presence of Al₂O₃ in the passive film of C1 was identified as the key factor contributing to its superior corrosion resistance, as it promoted passivation behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of directional solidification parameters on the amount of quasicrystalline phase of an AlCuFe alloy

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100146

Thayza Pacheco dos Santos Barros , Rafael E. Caluête , Aline Karla Barbosa da Silva , Danniel Ferreira de Oliveira , Francisco Riccelly Pereira Feitosa , Bruno Alessandro Silva Guedes de Lima , Danielle Guedes de Lima

In this work, a casting processing route via unidirectional solidification is proposed, where the severity of cooling can be increased to maximize the amount of quasicrystalline phase. For this, the alloy with nominal composition Al_62.5Cu₂₅Fe_12.5 was melted and solidified unidirectionally under optimized processing conditions. Our results evidenced a dependence of the quasicrystalline phase percentage, obtained for an AlCuFe alloy, as a function of the position of the ingot and the type of mold used during the directional solidification process. This analysis expands the spectrum of studies on structural properties, for alloys of the AlCuFe system, indicating the cooling conditions, during the directional solidification process, necessary to maximize the amount of quasicrystalline phase.

引用次数: 0

Improved machine learning framework for prediction of phases and crystal structures of high entropy alloys

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100144

Debsundar Dey , Suchandan Das , Anik Pal , Santanu Dey , Chandan Kumar Raul , Pritam Mandal , Arghya Chatterjee , Soumya Chatterjee , Manojit Ghosh

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are gaining popularity because of their remarkable properties controlled by phases and crystal structures. In addition to that, in the field of material informatics, machine learning (ML) techniques have gained considerable attention in predicting phases and crystal structures of HEAs. In this study, a novel ML-based methodology has been proposed to predict different phase stages and crystal structures. To this end, 1345 data samples were used to train the ML model to predict the phases of HEAs. Within the dataset, 705 data were utilized to predict the crystal structures with the help of thermodynamics and electronic configuration as input features. The important features were selected using the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix, followed by using of five distinct boosting algorithms to predict phases and crystal structures. Among all these algorithms, XGBoost recorded the highest detection accuracy of 94.05 % for phases and LightGBM yielded the highest detection accuracy of 90.07 % for crystal structure. Various hyperparameter tuning was conducted to find the optimum performance of the boosting classifiers. A comprehensive comparison was performed between the ML models and some from published papers in reputed journals. From the comparison, it was evident that the proposed methodology showed its superiority in terms of phase and crystal structure detection of HEAs.

{"title":"Improved machine learning framework for prediction of phases and crystal structures of high entropy alloys","authors":"Debsundar Dey , Suchandan Das , Anik Pal , Santanu Dey , Chandan Kumar Raul , Pritam Mandal , Arghya Chatterjee , Soumya Chatterjee , Manojit Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are gaining popularity because of their remarkable properties controlled by phases and crystal structures. In addition to that, in the field of material informatics, machine learning (ML) techniques have gained considerable attention in predicting phases and crystal structures of HEAs. In this study, a novel ML-based methodology has been proposed to predict different phase stages and crystal structures. To this end, 1345 data samples were used to train the ML model to predict the phases of HEAs. Within the dataset, 705 data were utilized to predict the crystal structures with the help of thermodynamics and electronic configuration as input features. The important features were selected using the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix, followed by using of five distinct boosting algorithms to predict phases and crystal structures. Among all these algorithms, XGBoost recorded the highest detection accuracy of 94.05 % for phases and LightGBM yielded the highest detection accuracy of 90.07 % for crystal structure. Various hyperparameter tuning was conducted to find the optimum performance of the boosting classifiers. A comprehensive comparison was performed between the ML models and some from published papers in reputed journals. From the comparison, it was evident that the proposed methodology showed its superiority in terms of phase and crystal structure detection of HEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100141

Cynthia C. Okechukwu , Francis O. Edoziuno , Adeolu A. Adediran , Silas O. Okuma , Augustine B. Okoubulu

This study investigates the effects of titanium (Ti) content and thermal aging on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of Ti-doped Cu-10Ni alloy. Both as-cast and heat-treated alloys were subjected to comprehensive mechanical testing, electrical conductivity measurements, and microstructural analysis. A response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and optimization, with Ti concentration (0.1–3.5 wt%) and aging temperature (400°C–500°C) as the independent variables, and tensile strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, and electrical conductivity as response variables. The results indicate that Ti addition, particularly in the range of 1.5–3.5 wt%, refined the as-cast microstructure of Cu-10Ni alloys, leading to modest improvements in mechanical properties compared to the base alloy. Aging treatments promoted the formation of precipitates and second phases, notably β-Ni₃Ti, β-Ti₂, and δ-Ti₂Ni, which contributed significantly to property enhancement. The alloy's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 659 MPa with 2.5 wt% Ti aged at 500°C for 2 h. At 3.5 wt% Ti and 450°C aging, the alloy exhibited the highest values for elongation (24.23 %), hardness (193.4 BHN), and impact strength (157 J). Electrical conductivity also improved across all Ti concentrations after aging, with conductivity increasing with higher aging temperatures, though the rate of increase diminished as Ti content rose. Statistical analysis demonstrated good agreement between experimental and predicted values, with the regression models being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Optimal alloy composition and aging conditions were identified, yielding the best combination of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity for the Cu-10Ni alloy.

{"title":"Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties","authors":"Cynthia C. Okechukwu , Francis O. Edoziuno , Adeolu A. Adediran , Silas O. Okuma , Augustine B. Okoubulu","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of titanium (Ti) content and thermal aging on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of Ti-doped Cu-10Ni alloy. Both as-cast and heat-treated alloys were subjected to comprehensive mechanical testing, electrical conductivity measurements, and microstructural analysis. A response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and optimization, with Ti concentration (0.1–3.5 wt%) and aging temperature (400°C–500°C) as the independent variables, and tensile strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, and electrical conductivity as response variables. The results indicate that Ti addition, particularly in the range of 1.5–3.5 wt%, refined the as-cast microstructure of Cu-10Ni alloys, leading to modest improvements in mechanical properties compared to the base alloy. Aging treatments promoted the formation of precipitates and second phases, notably β-Ni₃Ti, β-Ti₂, and δ-Ti₂Ni, which contributed significantly to property enhancement. The alloy's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 659 MPa with 2.5 wt% Ti aged at 500°C for 2 h. At 3.5 wt% Ti and 450°C aging, the alloy exhibited the highest values for elongation (24.23 %), hardness (193.4 BHN), and impact strength (157 J). Electrical conductivity also improved across all Ti concentrations after aging, with conductivity increasing with higher aging temperatures, though the rate of increase diminished as Ti content rose. Statistical analysis demonstrated good agreement between experimental and predicted values, with the regression models being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Optimal alloy composition and aging conditions were identified, yielding the best combination of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity for the Cu-10Ni alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An ab-initio, empirical and experimental study of phase stability of HfTiVYZr refractory high entropy alloy

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100139

Vivek Kumar Pandey , B. Nageswara Sarma , N.K. Mukhopadhyay

Phase evolution and stability in an equiatomic quinary HfTiVYZr refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) was studied. Prediction of phases that may form on the synthesis of the above alloy was made by using (i) Semi-empirical/empirical methods (based on extended Hume-Rothery rules), (ii) CALPHAD and (iii) ab-initio methods. Enthalpy of mixing of HfTiVYZr high entropy alloy calculated using the Miedema model (

Δ H_{m i x}

= 7 kJ.mol⁻¹) was close to the proposed range favouring the formation of single-phase solid solution (

- 10 \leq Δ H_{m i x} \leq 7 k J . m o l^{- 1}

). However, the size mismatch factor

δ

(10.37 %) was unfavourable for forming the single-phase solid solution. As per the prediction of the CALPHAD approach, three disordered HCP solid solutions and one C15 type Laves phase (ZrV₂) were found to be stable at room temperature, whereas the ordered BCC_B2 phase was identified to be stable above 1273 K. The DFT approach using a variation of the cluster expansion method with fixed composition and cell size was adopted to study the phase stability of this refractory alloy. Enthalpies of mixing of BCC and HCP structures were calculated for the distinct configuration of atoms on the atomic sites using a ten-atom cell. The annealed alloy was examined by XRD, SEM and SEM-EDS. The annealed sample shows the presence of two disordered HCP phases, namely, HCP1 (a = 3.18 ± 0.02 Å, c/a = 1.58) and HCP2 (a = 3.67 ± 0.02 Å, c/a = 1.55), along with a BCC phase (a = 3.16 ± 0.02 Å) and an ordered intermetallic phase (Hf, Zr)V₂ (C15 type Laves phase, a = 7.41 ± 0.02 Å), which is in accordance with the theoretical predictions. The SEM-EDS mapping of the annealed sample shows that the major HCP1 phase contains Hf and Zr predominantly along with some Ti.

{"title":"An ab-initio, empirical and experimental study of phase stability of HfTiVYZr refractory high entropy alloy","authors":"Vivek Kumar Pandey , B. Nageswara Sarma , N.K. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase evolution and stability in an equiatomic quinary HfTiVYZr refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) was studied. Prediction of phases that may form on the synthesis of the above alloy was made by using (i) Semi-empirical/empirical methods (based on extended Hume-Rothery rules), (ii) CALPHAD and (iii) <em>ab-initio</em> methods. Enthalpy of mixing of HfTiVYZr high entropy alloy calculated using the Miedema model (<span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> = 7 kJ.mol<sup>−1</sup>) was close to the proposed range favouring the formation of single-phase solid solution (<span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>7</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>J</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><msup><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>). However, the size mismatch factor <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>(10.37 %) was unfavourable for forming the single-phase solid solution. As per the prediction of the CALPHAD approach, three disordered HCP solid solutions and one C15 type Laves phase (ZrV<sub>2</sub>) were found to be stable at room temperature, whereas the ordered BCC_B2 phase was identified to be stable above 1273 K. The DFT approach using a variation of the cluster expansion method with fixed composition and cell size was adopted to study the phase stability of this refractory alloy. Enthalpies of mixing of BCC and HCP structures were calculated for the distinct configuration of atoms on the atomic sites using a ten-atom cell. The annealed alloy was examined by XRD, SEM and SEM-EDS. The annealed sample shows the presence of two disordered HCP phases, namely, HCP1 (a = 3.18 ± 0.02 Å, c/a = 1.58) and HCP2 (a = 3.67 ± 0.02 Å, c/a = 1.55), along with a BCC phase (a = 3.16 ± 0.02 Å) and an ordered intermetallic phase (Hf, Zr)V<sub>2</sub> (C15 type Laves phase, a = 7.41 ± 0.02 Å), which is in accordance with the theoretical predictions. The SEM-EDS mapping of the annealed sample shows that the major HCP1 phase contains Hf and Zr predominantly along with some Ti.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of phase evolution and phase stability in a novel FCC based Al30Ti35Mg5V10Fe8Cr12 lightweight high-entropy alloy processed by mechanical alloying

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100142

Ayush Sourav , Ankit Singh Negi , Pranjal Chauhan , T. Sudeep Kumar , Shanmugasundaram Thangaraju

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have gained significant attention from researchers due to their exceptional mechanical properties. While most the reported lightweight high-entropy alloys have Body Centered Cubic (BCC), Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP), and complex intermetallic phases, there is growing interest in development of Face Centered Cubic (FCC) based Lightweight High-Entropy Alloys (LWHEA) for applications prioritizing energy efficiency. In this study, a design strategy for synthesizing a stable FCC-based LWHEA through multivariate optimization of elements and thermodynamic parameters was presented. A novel Al₃₀Ti₃₅Mg₅V₁₀Fe₈Cr₁₂ LWHEA was designed and processed through a mechanical alloying route with a theoretical density of 4.5 g/cc. The compaction of the alloy was performed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 890 ℃ and 60 MPa for 15 minutes. The hardness of sintered sample was found to be 550 ± 18 HV (5.3 GPa). Microstructural evolution of the alloy was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microstructural analysis of alloy revealed that a combination of FCC and BCC phases are present in milled sample as well as sintered sample. The phase stability was explained through Gibbs free energy calculations of competing phases.

{"title":"Study of phase evolution and phase stability in a novel FCC based Al30Ti35Mg5V10Fe8Cr12 lightweight high-entropy alloy processed by mechanical alloying","authors":"Ayush Sourav , Ankit Singh Negi , Pranjal Chauhan , T. Sudeep Kumar , Shanmugasundaram Thangaraju","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have gained significant attention from researchers due to their exceptional mechanical properties. While most the reported lightweight high-entropy alloys have Body Centered Cubic (BCC), Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP), and complex intermetallic phases, there is growing interest in development of Face Centered Cubic (FCC) based Lightweight High-Entropy Alloys (LWHEA) for applications prioritizing energy efficiency. In this study, a design strategy for synthesizing a stable FCC-based LWHEA through multivariate optimization of elements and thermodynamic parameters was presented. A novel Al<sub>30</sub>Ti<sub>35</sub>Mg<sub>5</sub>V<sub>10</sub>Fe<sub>8</sub>Cr<sub>12</sub> LWHEA was designed and processed through a mechanical alloying route with a theoretical density of 4.5 g/cc. The compaction of the alloy was performed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 890 ℃ and 60 MPa for 15 minutes. The hardness of sintered sample was found to be 550 ± 18 HV (5.3 GPa). Microstructural evolution of the alloy was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microstructural analysis of alloy revealed that a combination of FCC and BCC phases are present in milled sample as well as sintered sample. The phase stability was explained through Gibbs free energy calculations of competing phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless-steel sheets, deformed at sub-zero temperatures

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100140

M. Krishnam Raju , Peeyush Mahajan , Pavan Kumar , K. Narasimhan

Stainless steels are better than carbon steels for structural applications due to their optimal blend of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels, such as AISI304, are extensively utilized in cryogenic applications owing to their remarkable formability and corrosion resistance, even at sub-zero temperatures. In this study, the deformation behaviour of austenitic stainless steel (AISI304) sheet of thickness 1.2 mm was examined through tensile testing at room temperature (25°C) and sub-zero temperatures (0ºC, −40ºC, −80ºC, −120ºC) at strain rates such as 0.01 s⁻¹,0.001 s⁻¹,0.0001 s⁻¹. Mechanical properties, microstructure, and texture evolution were analysed and interrelated across these temperature and strain rate conditions. Tensile strength exhibited an upward trend with decreasing temperature and strain rate, while yield strength decreased with decreasing strain rate and increased with lowering temperature. Microstructural changes indicated a phase transformation from parent austenite phase, with martensite fraction escalating alongside decreasing strain rate and temperature. Micro texture analysis revealed a rise in the fraction of the cube texture component corresponding to an increase in martensite fraction across materials deformed at varying temperatures and strain rates. This paper gives complete insight into the microstructure and the texture evolution during the uniaxial deformation of AISI 304 sheet at room temperature and at sub-zero temperatures.

{"title":"Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless-steel sheets, deformed at sub-zero temperatures","authors":"M. Krishnam Raju , Peeyush Mahajan , Pavan Kumar , K. Narasimhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stainless steels are better than carbon steels for structural applications due to their optimal blend of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels, such as AISI304, are extensively utilized in cryogenic applications owing to their remarkable formability and corrosion resistance, even at sub-zero temperatures. In this study, the deformation behaviour of austenitic stainless steel (AISI304) sheet of thickness 1.2 mm was examined through tensile testing at room temperature (25°C) and sub-zero temperatures (0ºC, −40ºC, −80ºC, −120ºC) at strain rates such as 0.01 s<sup>−1</sup>,0.001 s<sup>−1</sup>,0.0001 s<sup>−1</sup>. Mechanical properties, microstructure, and texture evolution were analysed and interrelated across these temperature and strain rate conditions. Tensile strength exhibited an upward trend with decreasing temperature and strain rate, while yield strength decreased with decreasing strain rate and increased with lowering temperature. Microstructural changes indicated a phase transformation from parent austenite phase, with martensite fraction escalating alongside decreasing strain rate and temperature. Micro texture analysis revealed a rise in the fraction of the cube texture component corresponding to an increase in martensite fraction across materials deformed at varying temperatures and strain rates. This paper gives complete insight into the microstructure and the texture evolution during the uniaxial deformation of AISI 304 sheet at room temperature and at sub-zero temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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